, }aaue jfldres 1 Grindr Archiurbanism

"I was gay-bornonline" Joel Simkhai was born in Tel Avivin d . . h hi f: ·1 1976an soonmigrated wit s ami Yto the conservativeN ew "1or k suburbof Mamaroneck. As a teenager in the h . . . . 1990s, e startedpamc i- patmg. m what . was the then-emergingwor Id of on1· me chat services, which. he . would use to meetgu ys . 1n t he dar k of his. bedroom, with his parents watchingTV 1·n the next room he would access the CompuServeCB multiuser chat channel'H and AOL's instant messenger serviceto connectto a multi­ tude of gay guys. "I was gay-born online,"Simkhai said . "It was great, but most of the time I wouldend up talkingto guys in places like Wyoming, Minnesota,or Washington,D.C. It 1 1.Polly Vernon, " Grindr: a ne"'. was impractical." ,au,! revolutionl ," Tb, G11ard1an, When he was 21, and still closeted,he livedfor a year in July!,2010, bttps: // www .theguard ­ w,.com/mcdia/2010/ jul / 04/ Paris as a New York Universityexchange student. Disappointed grindr-tbc-ncw-scxual - revolution. by the limited options he found at the gaybars in TelAviv, !.Joel Simkha.i, "An encounter with Joel Simkhai,founder of Grindr," interview where he spent his summers, he was amazedat the effect byPhilip Utz, Numtro, August 2S, 2016, that a pioneering communicationssystem called Minitel was http:// www.numcro.com/ en/ culturc / culrurc-cncountcr-jocl-simkhai - foundcr ­ having on Paris, whose populationdensity was then 21,000 grindr. inhabitants per square kilometer, 27times the densityof ~Joel Simkha.i , CEO and founder of Grindr, mconvcrsationwith the author,July 2016. Mamaroneck. With nine million users,Minitcl, the French precursor to the internet, had alreadypro~uced a digitallan­ guage for online dating.2It consistedof a v1deote~tsystem . that provided interactive content displayedon a videomom - . • d · to engagewith an un- tor. Even though It reqU1re Its users . nd wieldy device that had to be wired to a fixedpho~c_lme a . h umberof Mmitelusers laced in the user' s room, th e hIg n . P h . screenconversauons to made it possible to exten d t eir text- . d sexual intercourse. o ffl. me encounters an . A . s· mkhaigot to h' mroers m Te1 viv, i When spen di ng ISsu . di developed know WAZE, the location-based~ocial m~e ~;;;u road sys- . .d congestionon t . d AndresJa to enable drivers to avoI .d1 ekeddrivers, he believe In . que I Officefor Political novat,onInti tern. What WAZE had done for gri oh f 3 stallat·, ' mate Strangers, an in- in searc o sex. on 1or th •·F he could do for lost gay men A Samsung,and No a bitionat th e ear and Love.. exhi- · 2008- as PPIe, 2016T e Lond0 n Design Museum Over six months In s·-'·"ai Morten • 0P· Joel s· ' .th GPS- IIUJU' ' fa111ityin M tmkhai (right) with his were launching cell phones WI developedthe firS t ver- l111agesco amaroneck, NY.© Grindr. 11 Urtesythe author. Bek Ditlevsen, and Scott 1e,~a ~n that they calledGrindr, sion of a location-based applicauon

7S ,\ r frr<.'nte t~, th<'"'·') ,,rindi ,, bt •i' d' c, 11t- n" 1ffe t " ther• .Hid als ,l ) rmi •iml' •~\l )t· rent coif" b • 1 ' ' 1.: J!'O' nnd ' ,c t Je-i11od r hdp ''·')' men find othe . _ ft11drr,lt ,, :\111 • • 1 nay l\\t'n . 1$ lllltt) ·· ln Jnne WOQ,on rhe BBC1\v . in closep • • 0 s 1IOW To G I'll\ • .l t I' tephen f sh wed ]ere1ny l ·k >p f'llt\ Br· • . . rr • , t on how lt11h made 1t ro cnH ·e nenrb)• any in"tl A kl easy0 1-· i o '- . wee . at 4 •nllf ~ \ crn,,t,, "\l, hlr· J flt\\ e, t1JI h.,d downloaded the app-• For sociol . ' et\ 0,000Lt\ n:, :-luto,,nt• . og1stMd G11 .· en J:rnne Woo, ''lt w, s like gainino- Superm. , ndr user .J ,mt\ \ , • \ltrt a,, .H•• OiH r,r . o ans -ra)' .. ~ tlv , . t (MMtt (. '.rn~Ja: (J1me an d su dd en l) ' betng able to peer thro l b . \'Js1on \\ ,-.; "Jlfl, ::! ..., ug l ncka d ' reYe:1lall the hw.10-rvmen arowld p l . • n steelto -J~l.t '- ~"fl , •·1'.ir,m1t1t- l'p GrmJr: A 0 ' ' • eop e use the \ hllcnni.il urapplcs \\ ith the Hoo\;up dar' to refer to a queer man's abilin. r to term 'gay. \rr," .\ r-. l -' '•.(":iw,.Junc f', ~01(), -, sense anoth :.isa fellow queer . ... Grindr felt like a l't . l er n1an http· n m-ll,,,-1llll lxta:nul~ 2010 O<> . . 1 era radar usI . t"'" 1ng-up grinJr ~ mitlcnu,~1 gnppl cs­ £ree Yers10n, Gnndr opens, ith a displa ' • nus ,,~,h the bool -ur -~pp.html. O of the closest individual use · y Piotographs •• \1,1..cLtnc, "~ pn:sidcnr of product l fi r names in t e Jc,~l<:>pmcnt,10 ron,~rutio n" irh rhc e t r. e profiles shown can be filtered b owcr auth->r, ju~ ~vi(). · h · · r Yage, bodv netncs, et ruc1ty, prererence in sex:ual · · . 1 pos1t1on, relattoush'1 status, and also by the way users identify the P f . mse1 ves _ as0 o 12 "Tnbesn: Bear, Clean-Cut, Daddy, Discreet, Geek,Joc~ Leather, Otter, Poz, Ruggo-ed, Trans , Twink . S cro 11mo-. down reveals up to 100 nearby users, often shirtless or nak;d. r rr\,~\l..~ k~ Alkali-aluminosilicate as Networked Human Skin: From Places to Profiles 0\-"\ \ ~ca c1> minutes a day - requires and triggers important architec­ h °"' The te~tu:e ~fa smartphone's alkali-aluminosilicate glass AndresJaque / Officefor Political Innovation, Intimate Strangers, an in­ tural and urban transformations. A.lkali-aluminosilicateis screen ts su~ular to smooth skin, so as you rub your thumb oc:' stallationfor the "Fear and Love·· exhi­ human skin, networked. down the display of Grindr users, it is like touching the bitionat the London Design Museum, What's up? What'reyou up to?What u into?Where u at? !oung, ~airless skin of a naked body. The display promotes 2016. Courtesythe author. Y-<- '2 '(\ I""'..h ) Trying to meetpeo le. Are u interested?What are ou look- mteracuon: blocking, favoriting, and messaging are the ookingfor someoneto showme around. ve next steps. When a user's picture is tapped, his profile ex­ more pies? How old areyou? Horny.Show meyour dick. ir ? ou pands to occupy the whole screen. A user's profile consists G.IZJND"R--- a bottom? Wannafuck? Grindr conversationtends to be s1- of the guy's proximity, age, body metrics, and intentions, m ultaneously casual and intimate. But the app accelerates a headline, and a 120-character "About Me" section. These dr romantic serendipity by creating a spaceof visual(ydri~en are the features guys use to construct thenisetves on Grio . • d · ed to replaceonline pre-agreed normat1v1ty. 1 twas es1gn . _ (or that Grindr uses to construct them online). chat rooms with an overlapped urban network that priori- As one user put it: "Nothing matters on Grindr besides . . . d d ess interconnectedand ttzes prox1m1ry an ren ers gayn . b 6 th e picture." Photographs mainly show sexualized versions accessible . The 3.0.9 version of the app, releasedin Oc~oder r . . of users, often in desirable interiors, with carefully selecced 10 1t interface to avo1 2016 removed the orange rrame s l f outfits. Less than five percent of the conversations happe~- ' . . d rs with the orange g are o . G . d d 7 . d rov1des publicly exposmg Grin ruse . f: h O for instance, mg on rm r en up in offiine encounters. Grin r P On their aces w e , 0 their smartphone screens • • • room or even in a new mode of romantic experience not one in pursuit : . h dentist's wa1ung , £ l ' des1rc- they chec k t h e app m t e . . line archiurbanism orever ove, or even genital interaction but rather a . • Gnndr 1san on d . d' . ' fasb1on, the middle o f a mecung. . ating a multiplying nven erive through profiled assemblages of porn, , . .al layering; ere . d . . d . f b fin11er that enables o fHme spau h o-human settings an mterior es1gn. The physical experience o t e 0 . ltaneous tee n . . escure type of space where simu scro 11on t h e alkalt-aluminosilicate surface - a uny g · e of 90 can be promoted. repeate d a 11over the world for an average user t10l LO&+I 76 77 Grindr is a zone of its own. It is not a ci W ics are often seen as places for social conve ty. here~ cit demolished to make way for a . . rgence G . , k partments. Sim.ii I . device that sorts out the social, an infrastru ' rllldr Yor , venues such as the Latin I ar Y, in Ne u =0 gayc ubE r users as selected members of a specialized Cture r end etinP. a West Village's Westway club we scue ua and rh • . COlll.InUni olts re rep1 aced by --==-- society. It 1s enacted more than constructed I . ty Witl.: ers and condom iniums .11Accordi h apartmenttow- . . . . tis neith "lll ng tot eNewyo Jtc· virtual nor physical. It 1s an arc hi urbanism th er fuu~ Department of Buildings, 15new huildi e . r 1ty ment towers in Hells Kitchen and th Gng P rm.its for apan- from th~~~- ---- tradition U-n1 °-ving I d • e arment District w where n9.i:_mativ1tywas challenged and cr.,: • s approve 10 2015.The combination of hift . ere ~ 5ing stra · h gu1 · . a 5 in the way air came- possible - has reinvented the oflline· =dom . llgersbc- ng ts re at1ons are mterpreted _ enabr h . f mg t e concentra- b h di . 1 . alll. Predj . t10n o constructed volume within blocks_ th ... a out t e way g1ta commurucation would m- ._ criolll . Center in West rauona1 l . . d 1· bili' . e possibilityfor ity irrelevant have been pro ven false. Proximity ""etod pr o:'1111_- · GnodropeLos Angeles, 2016. Photo: mute 1a ty compames to hide the ide •ty f al ~oll)'Wood, 12 nu O re estate important; it is multiple, selective, and technolo icJ is st,U owners, and the now-expired 421a tax ex · ,lJldf'l!SJaque. emptionprogram 11 ageable 'w ith 10 million users in 192 countries !d y IllaJi_ has prompted the development of high-end apar ' . l " , grow. tment tow­ 10g at a rate of 10,000 downloads per day Grindr ers around the city. This phenomenon followedMichael . . ' processesa Bow of more than 70 million messages a day. Peopl · h . . Bloomberg's post-2008 initiative to get "every billionaire not only 10. the dark of bedrooms but in offices bar e in ab11It around the world to move [to New York]" by offeringsafe , s, streets . 1Musto, "Gay Dance Clubs on real-estate products where investments could be allocated.1• trains, factories, gyms, and college campuses J Autho d ' !I. Micha~th Tinder and Blued were launched in 2012. TixPrognm, Poistd 10Expire ,ouay, section of bytes and flesh, that comprises five trillion bytes em,JNn, Yor!,January 15,2016; and like rent - spiking Greenpoint and Chelsea have becomethe [risronCapps , "WhyBillionaires Don't of data in use, stored in servers located in 23 sites in only two places for popular adult studios like Burning Angelor Cocky e PayProptnyTaxtsin New York," CiuLab, countries: the US and China .9 Grindr pioneered what be­ Miy11,2015 . Boys to use postindustrial lofts and apartments with floor­ 1+. MichaelBloombcrg's statement in the to-ceiling windows as sets for their shoots. Due to the grow­ came a diverse market of proximity-based social media apps, Nr, YoriTimtr. "If we could get every including Badoo, Blender, Blued, Down, Glimpse, Happn, billionairtaround tht world to move here ing normalizat ion of LGBTQ lifestyles in Westerncountries, ir.·ouldbe a godsend;1ha1 would create a histor ical sites of queer empowerment have lost their role Hinge,Jack'd,JSWipe, Nuh Lang Nah Lang, Pure, Tinder, muchbigger income gap. " Quoted in Sam and Scruff among many others. 10 These apps have not only Robtns,"Dara Supports Bloomberg on of accommodating the marginal and have becomespaces of llispuirywithIncome," Nn, York Timtt, radically changed the way we understand and experiencesc~ Scprcmbtr27,201!. aspirational real-estate investment. If the queer movement I\. Grindr,Dara Analysis Dtpartmem, in historically challenged heterosexual couplesas the respectable but has also ·reinvented urbanity by enrolling more than J60 convcrsarionwi rh the author, July 2016. 16 nd 16 million people around the world in a customizable infra­ · Th,rtrm trashrefers here 10the form of sexual allocation and claimed nightlife a trash COUn~tr'Culturcthat • f F book. Since1998, itsel on ace people's, officials', and the media's concern when they were Assistance Resource, presents fi d shared apartments GHAR has been helping queer peop1 e n Log41 79 throughout India, where people co•tt' • inuc to b coostru ctcd external vcrsi .1~r11sationof homosexuality .') GHA n e Grre!td . ous O1 our selv .. 0 . l' nsersa h' C 0~ :rnd between Grmdr and th . . . cs.Pol1t1 cso n Grind 011 Faccbook one an seek.reassurance b t ·~ 11lJ:iin~ . e rca1 tiles it over! r, 1 118 111the ways self prcsenc<.'is d . aps, arc enacted of .1 person's profllc.' For people like S Y.ak ing a glifl't)), . . escri 6ed tra k d . • • ac1 lln so • Psc 1ted, and c1rc11l:ued. ' · c c , pictured, cd 1sa ourcc at :issurancc, bnt in Saudi A. . ' Ctalnied' . . ta 6ia, wh '• Grindr is also an actor in ti k' , mac1st spent two yen rs 111a crowded Jedd h . ere:-i ph . . . ir rna ini, of 01 h a pr1s ar poht1cs: the politics of those in t . o er form~of other men convicted of ho1nosexual net . on eel[iv· h rans1t Omar Abd 1 law student from Al Zabadani S . fl. ' u ghani, a . • ' • S, UStt)p S . It . , yria, ew to ht b 1. drn can be a nsk. "The religious police kno o ocialIlle. 2015. Grmdr w:is blocked in Turk h an u inM ay " l 'd S wall the c1 1at rooms, 1e s:u . omc of his cellmate "I appsand • ey, so c used WI13 A . r s iad oot to find places to couch surf and t . ts PP ca 11as k ·mg to meet, rrom someone they'd lk O a Phon I . . ' o get in touch with the ta ed to b t smugg ers who foc1litatcdhi s way 0 WhatsApp, and th:it cruy turned out to be . efore0• • mo a crowdedrubb er 0 po1 ICC »19 l " boat to Greece. "It felt like a horror . Wh 2 . d movie. en we ar Egyptian police were reportedly using Gri d · n 0t4, rive at the beach, [we] started kissin h ' . . . n r to track . g L e ground. I was an d 1 es b ian people m Cairo as welU 0 Since Grind. gay Andres Jaque / Officefor Political 1 crymg .. . . Most of the other phonesw d d b profiles wit h th e closest user's profile first 't. ~resents Officefor Political ere ea ccausc of Innovation,Intimate Strangers , 2016. , i 1s poss1bl d esJaque / the water. But my phone worked becaus h d . 10 An r , t,matc Strangers, 2016. • • ll ' c 1 Photo. Jorge Lopez Conde. Courtesy ova11on,1 a wrapped it angulate the location of any user by using th ~ tri. I n with plastic all over." Four months later h . d h ree coord1n nn LopezConde . Courtesy . . , e arrive at t c the author. smartphones that have Grindr accounts In b ated photo: Jorge . . Octo er 201!,H ihCauthor . As1elzoekerscen~rum 10 the Dutch villageof TerApel. Wh en men were arreste d and charged w1th practicin h . 11 di . l g omosexual he turned on Grmdr, Omar found someoneju st 20m eters acts m a sma , tra tlona hamman in the El-M d' . . . arg istrict away. "I.was happy," he sai~, "but alsoscared that theycould of northeastern Cairo. Egyptian LGBTQ activist b • find out m the camp. It was like beingback in Syria. .. . Having alda we Sites warned readers of t~e threat . A spokesperson for the popu- , de , .. : Lucia Hoensclaars, and a piercing was enough for peopleto lookdown on mc.m• A u.C 1rce 8 .....0 , lar Gay Egypt website stated, "Even if you live in a densely MachiclSpruijt, "My P~one, Helped Mc few days later, in the Zaandam camp,Omar found two other WithEverything, " P11b/1r H11to,:,Am1t~rd"!" rubE populated area, you only have maybe 500 houses withina (blog), December2, 201S,http: / / pubh ch, s­ gay guys on Grindr. "But they were closetedand would only 100 metre radius . .. . If you live in a smaller area - ther iskis ,ory,bumanicics.uva.nl/ queer collect 10n / chat online but would never talk to me in person,"he said. In my-phone-helped-me-w ith -everything/. even higher .... It is a very dangerous situation, just becare­ ?4,Harriet Salm, "Homopestcn leidt tot the camp, people threatened to kill me.They told meI was vlucb1uit azc," trans . Michael Nathan, 17. Shemin Joy, "600 homosexuals arrested ful - we are already being monitored ."21 In a countrywhere the shame of the refugees, and they pushedme in the queue le rro.. ,January 2S,2016. in 2014," Duran Htrald,January 1, 2015. lS.Marolcs de Moor, "Homoscksude Omar 25 18. Dheera Gurnani, "Gay queer parade: most print and broadcast media are aligned with homophobic to get coffee." On a Facebookgroup dedicatedto helping wen!bedreigd in azc's, Lianda nam hem in Walling out of the closet with pride," DNA laws, Grindr used its advanced online access to warn LGBTQ hws,"1n.ru, Michael Nathan, Htt Parool, refugees find rooms, Omar met Lianda,a 25-year-oldles­ India, February l, 2013. F,bruary1S, 2016. 19.Associated Press, "For some gays abroad, people in Egypt: "Egypt is arresting LGBT people,and police bian woman who offered him a room. ViaGrindr, Omar met 26, OmarAbdulghani and Paola Pardo social netwo rlungposes risk," Dail, Mail, 16 In inSkype conversation with the author, Patrick, a Dutch guy with whom he is now in a relationship. September 28, 2014. may be posing as LGBT on social media to entrap you." Oc1ober2016 . 20. Hahn Tanrivcrdi, ''.Jagd auf Schwulc In September 2015,the Greekelectrical engineer Elias 2001, four men detained at a party in East Cairo's Nasr~ 27, JuliwMota!, "This man provided - via Dating-App," Siiddtuttt:htZtitung, fm Wi-Fito refugees stranded in Papadopoulos used 5,000 euros he had savedto buil~a self­ Septembu11, 2014. surprised media by wearing white fabric masks - similarto Gmce,"Marhablt, March 18, 2016, 21. Quoted in Conor Sheils, "Egyptian Cops the Grindr logo that would appear eight years later - when hnp:/ / masbable.com/ 2016/ 0l / 18/ sustaining Wi-Fi hub inside a trailer at the Idomerurefu­ wing Grindr to Hunt Gays," CairoSrtnt, mm-,bc-man/ llkS6C_ dvexZqq. gee camp. Many of the 13,000refugees then _living there had Au.,"llst ll, 2014, http: // m.cairoscene.com/ being transported to court. According to Scott Long, found­ LifcStyle/Egypcian-Cops-Using-Grindr­ ing director of Human Rights Watch's LGBT Rightsprog ram, smartphones but not the money for overpncedSIM cards, To-Hunt •Gay,. so they seldom used their phones.27 A refugeenamed Fareed 22. Scott Long, "The Trials of Culture: Sex "They wore the masks in both self-defense and defiance:to . . fi 1 · y that had started and Security in Egyptt Middlt Eart Report prevent the photographers who mobbed each hearingfrom arrived at Idom em a ter a ongiourne 230 (Spring 2004), http: // www.merip.org/ th . . Al h y 15Grindr users mer / mcr2JO, trials-culture. spreading their pictures on front pages, and to proteSt e m Kabul m October 2015. ong t e wa ' . d fi d h mp Whereasmost E gyptian· government's determrnauon. . to nu·tk a public rela- helped him avoid police an n t e ca · fu . _ c · rovidedby fellow re - tions coup from their humiliation." 22 reh•n-eeswould trust the llllormauonP b '"6 . . dr Omarcould find near Y In the Grindr display, users emerge through care· ees or distant friends, usmg Gnn ' . r • He g . h datedlocal imormatton. fully curated portraits . Many show themselves as shaved~ strangers willing to help wit up . . he Wi-Fi ffii I Idomeru,ustog t tanned torsos, others as nice T-shirt -weari ng ultra-n~:~ only met two of them O ne. n d r fellowGrindr 00 F d learne irom .,. • S lf di · d · · · · h , 5elf-edi o ·1 0 U} s. e -c tmg an part1c1pat1on m ot ers . Papadopoulos had bw t, aree . . h . ud providecwo . . din11IO GBTQ acuvist w ow Ol is what you do to be part of the app's society. Accor O n0n users about Tom, an L . r LGBTQrefugees. In 11 · r auon 1or 0 G · d · • 1·i:. • based r ni11htsof shelteran d miorro nn r, Its masklooo shows how our social ue is · b 0 Log-¼!

80 81 a 10-month/10-step integral . reconstructio demy of Fine turn the app mto an expanding . . n, orchestrated to m11eufor1 • style experience. an tmmersivelife- Step one: Grindr hired Rain G . e roup LLC to find the company could raise capital fi d a buyerso or eveI opme E' h later, in early January 2016 Grindr Id nt. 1g t months ' so 60 perce t f . es< to the Chinese gaming company B ... K n ° us stake . d sells Stake 10 ,,or1J1r . . e1Jlng unlun Tech i~ 111t•i,aic, "J{t11 Yor.l.T,mer, Step two: Lukas Shwka Grind , h' f · ~- cornp•0Y• . ' r s c te technolo offi chJJI<"2 2016. .,. aro in conversa- cer, launched a new Grmdr sofrwar k . . 'f;f - u>ff1 ' velo Jllent ,e e stac . ln1t1allyG . d ' l'\nndrD• : Spring 2016. digital infrastructure was composed f . ' rm rs ~-.,,h,beau• o_r,dr Sells Stake to . . . . o customized solutions 0 [[00 k "Gnn lt~!J):el!l>' " which compromised their m-house eng· , • . ' ,,,,<"CO'"~ny.ff "Mobile app analyt ­ meers time sinceonl .,... Be•'SEm'"' p< dal "Daztd,Junc 2016, which has an esumated eight m1lhon active users I d be~ about wr.angingmeet•ngs dr'••'"'agen , . / , wasva uc wllth~ you don't know and I» GflD d eddi•ital.coro/ fash,on carr.11&bout po&t ng aryttw)g that ,--i/W'lfl•·az " d at more than 25 billion dollars, Grindr, with 10 million us- m,ot,t ,...,... your ~ory, :;;i,m1s1/ 1/griodr-s-ncw-agcn a. ers, was valued at 155million when BK acquired its majority aide share.11 According to the programmers forum"Venture Beat " Grindr is continuing to expand by introducing value-add-' ing services, transforming itself into a broader gay lifestyle rub, platform by building alliances with high-profile members of Andres Jaque / Office for Political Belgrade, using Grindr, Fareed met Osama, another Syrian high-end entertainment, fashion, and design industries.12For Innovation, Intimate Strangers, 2016. refugee, and together they moved to the squat shelter of Simkhai, "It's not about the money. It's about what gay men Photo: Jorge Lopez Conde. Courtesy lie Miksa liste in June 2016, where they lived for a year as asylum want in their lives." the author. seekers. u In these stories resound Didier Eribon's explana­ Step three: In September 2015,Landis Smither, former tion of the gay and/or queer self as a collective context born Playboycreative director, was appointed Grindr's vice presi­ in response to insult, rejection, and the exclusionary social dent of marketing. Smither says, "A third of the time on the order these forms of vio lence estab lish. Refugees' unauthor­ app, people aren't looking to hook up; they're lookingto kill 18. Farced and ~ rcI ll was rcconstruc

JAFFER KOLB: One of the most predictivethings about Queer Spacewas your ta k e on t h e mtersec· t .10 n of queernessand con- sumer society,. wh1c. h you argue d wer e beginningto feedh hioff one another in new ways. You speculatedthat throug bodts . . b · stindividualand 5t Y· mtersect1on, we were econungp<> . . Po b n . · ntrificauon ur a Loolr; ntT at Richard Florida's c1 auns on ge , d ~ k we seequeer culturean development, and real estate _mar ets, d re frequentlyand consumer behavior· ·mtersec timr-o more an. mo overtly. Are you surprise· db Yany of this?

current lecture on the subjectof AARON BETSKY: In my from various porn . h reen captures f ,, queer space, I en d wlt sc . n s like "queer yuppie lo t, Andres Jaque is an architect and scholar, and founder of the Office for sites, where you can enter th1 Jf thatspecialize in suburban Door Stuwos Political Innovation. or websites lik e N ext

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