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Deepfakes and Cheap Fakes
DEEPFAKES AND CHEAP FAKES THE MANIPULATION OF AUDIO AND VISUAL EVIDENCE Britt Paris Joan Donovan DEEPFAKES AND CHEAP FAKES - 1 - CONTENTS 02 Executive Summary 05 Introduction 10 Cheap Fakes/Deepfakes: A Spectrum 17 The Politics of Evidence 23 Cheap Fakes on Social Media 25 Photoshopping 27 Lookalikes 28 Recontextualizing 30 Speeding and Slowing 33 Deepfakes Present and Future 35 Virtual Performances 35 Face Swapping 38 Lip-synching and Voice Synthesis 40 Conclusion 47 Acknowledgments Author: Britt Paris, assistant professor of Library and Information Science, Rutgers University; PhD, 2018,Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. Author: Joan Donovan, director of the Technology and Social Change Research Project, Harvard Kennedy School; PhD, 2015, Sociology and Science Studies, University of California San Diego. This report is published under Data & Society’s Media Manipulation research initiative; for more information on the initiative, including focus areas, researchers, and funders, please visit https://datasociety.net/research/ media-manipulation DATA & SOCIETY - 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Do deepfakes signal an information apocalypse? Are they the end of evidence as we know it? The answers to these questions require us to understand what is truly new about contemporary AV manipulation and what is simply an old struggle for power in a new guise. The first widely-known examples of amateur, AI-manipulated, face swap videos appeared in November 2017. Since then, the news media, and therefore the general public, have begun to use the term “deepfakes” to refer to this larger genre of videos—videos that use some form of deep or machine learning to hybridize or generate human bodies and faces. -
Digital Poles – E-Revolution Accelerates
Digital Poles – e-revolution accelerates Digital Poles – e-revolution accelerates Wojciech Bogdan Daniel Boniecki Marcin Purta Wojciech Krok Jakub Stefański Marcin Nowakowski About McKinsey About McKinsey & Company McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm, deeply com- mitted to helping institutions in the private, public and social sectors achieve lasting success. For nine decades, our primary objective has been to serve as our clients’ most trusted external advisor. With consultants in more than 100 offices in 62 countries, across industries and functions, we bring unparalleled expertise to clients anywhere in the world. For more information, visit www.mckinsey.com About McKinsey & Company in Poland McKinsey’s Polish office opened in 1993. Over the last 25 years, the office has served as trusted adviser to Poland’s largest companies as well as key pub- lic and government institutions. We are proud to have shared the transforma- tion and growth journey with industry leaders in banking and insurance, con- sumer goods, energy, oil, TMT, mining and many other sectors. McKinsey & Company is the largest strategic advisor in Poland, with almost 1,500 expe- rienced professionals. We are serving out clients from 3 locations: Warsaw, the Polish Knowledge Center in Wrocław and the EMEA Shared Services Center in Poznań. For more information, visit www.mckinsey.pl EMEA Shared Services Center in Poznań McKinsey & Company office in Warsaw Polish Knowledge Center in Wrocław About Digital McKinsey Digital McKinsey is a division of McKinsey that focuses on the digitization of economies and the digital transformation of companies. Clients can draw upon the support of nearly 2,000 experts from across our global firm – includ- ing more than 800 developers, IT architects, designers, and Big Data analysts. -
Digital Platform As a Double-Edged Sword: How to Interpret Cultural Flows in the Platform Era
International Journal of Communication 11(2017), 3880–3898 1932–8036/20170005 Digital Platform as a Double-Edged Sword: How to Interpret Cultural Flows in the Platform Era DAL YONG JIN Simon Fraser University, Canada This article critically examines the main characteristics of cultural flows in the era of digital platforms. By focusing on the increasing role of digital platforms during the Korean Wave (referring to the rapid growth of local popular culture and its global penetration starting in the late 1990s), it first analyzes whether digital platforms as new outlets for popular culture have changed traditional notions of cultural flows—the forms of the export and import of popular culture mainly from Western countries to non-Western countries. Second, it maps out whether platform-driven cultural flows have resolved existing global imbalances in cultural flows. Third, it analyzes whether digital platforms themselves have intensified disparities between Western and non- Western countries. In other words, it interprets whether digital platforms have deepened asymmetrical power relations between a few Western countries (in particular, the United States) and non-Western countries. Keywords: digital platforms, cultural flows, globalization, social media, asymmetrical power relations Cultural flows have been some of the most significant issues in globalization and media studies since the early 20th century. From television programs to films, and from popular music to video games, cultural flows as a form of the export and import of cultural materials have been increasing. Global fans of popular culture used to enjoy films, television programs, and music by either purchasing DVDs and CDs or watching them on traditional media, including television and on the big screen. -
Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Marketing Papers Wharton Faculty Research 1-2018 Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook Dokyun Lee Kartik Hosanagar University of Pennsylvania Harikesh Nair Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers Part of the Advertising and Promotion Management Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business Analytics Commons, Business and Corporate Communications Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Marketing Commons, Mass Communication Commons, Social Media Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Lee, D., Hosanagar, K., & Nair, H. (2018). Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook. Management Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2902 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/marketing_papers/339 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook Abstract We describe the effect of social media advertising content on customer engagement using data from Facebook. We content-code 106,316 Facebook messages across 782 companies, using a combination of Amazon Mechanical Turk and natural language processing algorithms. We use this data set to study the association of various kinds of social media marketing content with user engagement—defined as Likes, comments, shares, and click-throughs—with the messages. We find that inclusion of widely used content related to brand personality—like humor and emotion—is associated with higher levels of consumer engagement (Likes, comments, shares) with a message. We find that directly informative content—like mentions of price and deals—is associated with lower levels of engagement when included in messages in isolation, but higher engagement levels when provided in combination with brand personality–related attributes. -
The Inheritance CONNECTICUT ROOTS, CONNECTICUT CONNECTICUT with DEEP
NEWS / CULTURE / HEALTH / COMMUNITY / TRAVEL / FASHION / FOOD / YOUTH / HISTORY / FEATURES CONNECTICUT VOICE CONNECTICUT CONNECTICUT VOICETM WITH DEEP CONNECTICUT ROOTS, The Inheritance BROADWAY’S WHAT’S IN A NAME? IN A WORD, GAY EPIC EVERYTHING IN HIS OWN WORDS SPRING 2020 GEORGE TAKEI SHARES HIS STORY more happy in your home There have never been more ways to be a family, or more ways to keep yours healthy — like our many convenient locations throughout Connecticut. It’s just one way we put more life in your life. hartfordhealthcare.org Let’s go over some things. Did you know we have a mobile app? That means you can bank from anywhere, like even the backseat of your car. Or Fiji. We have Kidz Club Accounts. Opening one would make you one smart Motherbanker. Retiring? Try a Nutmeg IRA. We have low rates on auto loans, first mortgages, & home equity loans. Much like this We can tiny space squeeze we have in even smallfan-banking-tastic more business fantastic deals here. BankingAwesome.com loans. We offer our wildly popular More-Than-Free Checking. And that’s Nutmeg in a nutshell. And, for the record, we have to have these logos on everything, cuz we’re banking certified. TWO-TIME ALL-STAR JONQUEL JONES 2020 SEASON STARTS MAY 16TH! GET YOUR TICKETS: 877-SUN-TIXX OR CONNECTICUTSUN.COM EXPERIENCE IT ALL Book a hotel room on foxwoods.com using code SPIRIT for 15% OFF at one of our AAA Four-Diamond Hotels. For a complete schedule of events and to purchase tickets, go to foxwoods.com or call 800.200.2882. -
Remembering Through Lifelogging: a Survey of Human Memory Augmentation
Remembering through lifelogging: a survey of human memory augmentation Morgan Harveya,∗, Marc Langheinrichb, Geoff Wardc aDepartment of Maths and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK morgan. harvey@ northumbria. ac. uk , Tel: +44 (0)191 349 5929 bFaculty of Informatics, Universit`adella Svizzera italiana (USI), Switzerland cDepartment of Psychology, University of Essex, UK Abstract Human memory is unquestionably a vital cognitive ability but one that can often be unreliable. External memory aids such as diaries, photos, alarms and calendars are often employed to assist in remembering important events in our past and fu- ture. The recent trend for lifelogging, continuously documenting ones life through wearable sensors and cameras, presents a clear opportunity to augment human memory beyond simple reminders and actually improve its capacity to remember. This article surveys work from the fields of computer science and psychology to understand the potential for such augmentation, the technologies necessary for realising this opportunity and to investigate what the possible benefits and ethical pitfalls of using such technology might be. Keywords: Lifelogging, Augmented Human Memory, Personal Life Archives 1. Introduction Human memory is a critical cognitive function that we rely on almost con- stantly in our everyday lives. External memory aids are often used to help support memory for past events; photographs help us to remember autobiographical events such as holidays, we use recorded minutes to help us remember the content of meet- ings, and revision notes to remember lectures. Similarly, post-it notes, alarms, and interactive calendars and reminders help us to remember future events. Such aids often require some planning and conscious effort to initiate and record, and provide external support for only a small proportion of all past and future events. -
A Privacy-Aware and Secure System for Human Memory Augmentation
A Privacy-aware and Secure System for Human Memory Augmentation Doctoral Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Informatics of the Università della Svizzera italiana in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy presented by Agon Bexheti under the supervision of Prof. Marc Langheinrich September 2019 Dissertation Committee Prof. Antonio Carzaniga Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland Prof. Fernando Pedone Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland Prof. Cecilia Mascolo University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Prof. Claudio Bettini Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy Dissertation accepted on 06 September 2019 Research Advisor PhD Program Director Prof. Marc Langheinrich Prof. Walter Binder and Prof. Silvia Santini i I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been given, the work presented in this thesis is that of the author alone; the work has not been submit- ted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; and the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program. Agon Bexheti Lugano, 06 September 2019 ii Abstract The ubiquity of digital sensors embedded in today’s mobile and wearable devices (e.g., smartphones, wearable cameras, wristbands) has made technology more intertwined with our life. Among many other things, this allows us to seamlessly log our daily experiences in increasing numbers and quality, a process known as “lifelogging”. This practice produces a great amount of pictures and videos that can potentially improve human memory. Consider how a single photograph can bring back distant childhood memories, or how a song can help us reminisce about our last vacation. -
La Protección De La Intimidad Y Vida Privada En Internet La Integridad
XIX Edición del Premio Protección de Datos Personales de Investigación de la Agencia Española de Protección de Datos PREMIO 2015 Las redes sociales se han convertido en una herramienta de comu- nicación y contacto habitual para millones de personas en todo el La protección de la intimidad mundo. De hecho, se calcula que más de un 75% de las personas Amaya Noain Sánchez que se conectan habitualmente a Internet cuentan con al menos un y vida privada en internet: la perfil en una red social. La autora plantea en el texto si las empre- sas propietarias de estos servicios ofrecen una información sufi- integridad contextual y los flujos de ciente a los usuarios sobre qué datos recogen, para qué los van a información en las redes sociales utilizar y si van a ser cedidos a terceros. En una reflexión posterior, propone como posibles soluciones el hecho de que estas empresas (2004-2014) pudieran implantar directrices técnicas compartidas y una adapta- ción normativa, fundamentalmente con la privacidad desde el di- seño, la privacidad por defecto y el consentimiento informado. Así, Amaya Noain Sánchez el resultado sería un sistema de información por capas, en el que el usuario fuera conociendo gradualmente las condiciones del trata- miento de su información personal. Este libro explica el funcionamiento de una red social, comenzan- do por la creación del perfil de usuario en el que se suministran datos, y analiza cómo la estructura del negocio está basada en la monetización de los datos personales, con sistemas como el targe- ting (catalogando al usuario según sus intereses, características y predilecciones) y el tracking down (cruzando información dentro y fuera de la red). -
Eggplant and Peaches: Understanding Emoji Use on Grindr
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2018 Eggplants and Peaches: Understanding Emoji Usage on Grindr Emeka E. Moses East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, and the Social Media Commons Recommended Citation Moses, Emeka E., "Eggplants and Peaches: Understanding Emoji Usage on Grindr" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3379. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3379 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Eggplants and Peaches: Understanding Emoji Usage on Grindr _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Sociology _____________________ by Emeka E. Moses May 2018 _____________________ Dr. Martha Copp, Chair Dr. Lindsey King Dr. Melissa Schrift Keywords: coded language, Grindr, masculinity, identity, gender assumptions, online- interaction, homosexual ABSTRACT Eggplants and Peaches: Understanding Emoji Usage on Grindr by Emeka E. Moses This study focuses on how gay men communicate on the Grindr dating app. Prior research has been conducted on how gay men construct their online identities, however, few studies explore how gay men experience interactions online, negotiate their relationships with other men online, and perceive other users. -
Move Over, Amateurs
Web Video: Move Over, Amateurs As more professionally produced content finds a home online, user- generated video becomes less alluring to viewers—and advertisers by Catherine Holahan November 20, 2007 Amateur filmmakers hoping to win fame for amusing moments captured on camcorder ought to stick to TV's long-running America's Funniest Home Videos. These days they're not getting much love on the Web. One after another, online video sites that have long showcased such fare as skateboarding dogs and beer-drenched parties are scaling back their focus on user- generated clips, often in favor of professionally produced programming. "People would rather watch content that has production value than watch their neighbors in the garage," says Matt Sanchez, co-founder and chief executive of VideoEgg, a company that provides Web video tools, ads, and advertising features for online video providers and Web application developers. On Nov. 13 social networking site Bebo said it would open its pages to top media companies in hopes of luring and engaging viewers. "As more and more interesting content from major media brands becomes available, [online viewers] are going to share that more and more because those are the brands they identify with," says Bebo President Joanna Shields. Another site, ManiaTV, recently canceled its user-generated channels altogether (BusinessWeek.com, 10/22/07). The 3,000 user-generated channels simply didn't pull in enough viewers, ManiaTV CEO Peter Hoskins says. Roughly 80% of people were watching the professional content produced by celebrities such as musician Dave Navarro and comedian Tom Green. "What we found out is, we don't need the classical user-generated talent when we have the Hollywood talent that wants to Coverage secured by Kel & Partners www.kelandpartners.com work with us," Hoskins says. -
Key Insights from 2012 and What They Mean for the Coming Year
Key Insights from 2012 and What They Mean for the Coming Year February 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Introduction 9 Top Web Destinations 13 Social Networking 17 Search 19 Display Advertising 23 Online Video 27 E-Commerce 33 Mobile 37 Multi-Platform 41 Conclusion FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, 44 About comScore PLEASE CONTACT: Andrew Lipsman 45 Methodology comScore, Inc. +1 312 775 6510 [email protected] Carmela Aquino comScore, Inc. +1 703 438 2024 [email protected] Stephanie Flosi comScore, Inc. +1 312 777 8801 [email protected] 3 INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2012 was a milestone year in the life of digital as several watershed events brought the digital marketplace to new heights and laid the groundwork for the future of the industry. From the London Olympics to the Facebook IPO to the U.S. Presidential Election, this past year saw digital media’s continued rise in prominence as part of Americans’ lives and business pursuits. This report will examine how these events, along with the latest trends in social media, search, online video, digital advertising, mobile and e-commerce are currently shaping the U.S. digital marketplace and what they mean for the coming year, as comScore helps bring the digital future into focus. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKET MATURES AS FOCUS TURNS TOWARD BUILDING BUSINESS MODELS AND FINANCIAL SUCCESS Facebook’s 2012 IPO signaled a maturation of the social media market where renewed focus on building strong business models and ongoing monetization streams would become front-and-center. Several social media players made waves in the public markets this year, with LinkedIn demonstrating continued strength, while a handful of others experienced their ups and downs. -
Content Social Media
content & social media CONTENT & SOCIAL MEDIA / 1 Introduction A couple of years ago, people were more insistent on keeping content marketing and social media marketing divided as clearly separate entities. However, as social media platforms have evolved and the ways in which brands communicate have changed to reflect such changes, the concepts of content vs social have started to blur. Ultimately, it doesn’t really matter if you’re writing a blog or you’re writing a social media post - both are content and both have the potential of helping you generate traffic, leads and sales. In the realm of social media, content is simply approached in a different way. You’re not writing an 800-word blog (at least not typically), rather you’re publishing shorter, easier- to-digest posts. Some may be text, others may be photos or videos, some may be a combination of these types. Depending on the platform, the kind of content you can craft also changes drastically. A simple example is Twitter’s restrictive 140-character limit per tweet - a parameter that essentially makes it a social microblog. CONTENT & SOCIAL MEDIA / 2 In this eBook, we will be looking at some of the most important points to remember when it comes to creating content on social media. These include: • IDENTIFYING AND UNDERSTANDING THE QUIRKS OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS - Facebook - Twitter - LinkedIn - Instagram - Google+ • CONSIDERING YOUR CONTENT - Text posts - Media / Photos & Videos - External links • THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSISTENCY CONTENT & SOCIAL MEDIA / 3 understanding thE Quirks of your social media platform Here’s a list of just some of the SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS out there: Facebook Tumblr Twitter Snapchat LinkedIn Pinterest Instagram Myspace (yes, it still exists) Vine YouTube Google+ And potentially hundreds of other, smaller and lesser-known social networks The number is overwhelming, but the good news is that you can cut this list down to some of its key players.