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2003 October • releases Facemash, the predecessor to . It was described as a version of . 2004 January • Zuckerberg begins writing Facebook. • Zuckerberg registers thefacebook.com domain. February • Zuckerberg launches Facebook on . 650 Harvard students joined thefacebook.com in the first week of launch. March • Facebook expands to MIT, University, Boston College, Northeastern University, , , , and . April • Zuckerberg, , and form Thefacebook.com LLC, a partnership. June • Facebook receives its first from PayPal co-founder for US$500,000. • Facebook incorporates into a new company, and co-founder becomes its president. • Facebook moves its base of operations to Palo Alto, .

N. Lee, Facebook Nation, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5308-6, 211 Springer Science+Business Media 2013 212 Facebook Timeline

August • To compete with growing campus-only service , Zuckerberg launches Wirehog. It is a precursor to applications. September • ConnectU files a lawsuit against Zuckerberg and other Facebook founders, resulting in a $65 million settlement. October • Maurice Werdegar of WTI Partner provides Facebook a $300,000 three-year credit line. December • Facebook achieves its one millionth registered user. 2005 February • Maurice Werdegar of WTI Partner provides Facebook a second $300,000 credit line and a $25,000 equity investment. April • firm Partners invests $12.7 million into Facebook. Accel’s partner and President also puts up $1 million of his own money. July • acquires MySpace, spurring rumors about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company. Zuckerberg stated he did not want to sell Facebook. August • Facebook acquires Facebook.com domain for $200,000. September • Facebook launches a high school version of the . October • Facebook expands to universities in the United Kingdom, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. December • Facebook expands to universities in Australia and New Zealand. 2006 January Facebook Timeline 213

• Facebook rebuffs an offer from Viacom that gives Facebook a valuation of $750 million. March • A potential acquisition of Facebook is reportedly under negotiations. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million. April • , Meritech Partners, the , and Accel invests $27.5 million into Facebook. June • Interpublic invests $5 million in Facebook. September • Facebook and Yahoo! discussed possible acquisition of Facebook for $1 billion. Facebook eventually turned down the offer. • Facebook is open to everyone aged 13 and over with a valid email address. 2007 May • Facebook launches the Facebook Platform to enable third-party developers to integrate with the Facebook Open Graph. September • expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook. October • invests $240 million into Facebook. November • Li Ka-Shing Foundation in Hong Kong invests $60 million into Facebook. • Facebook launches Beacon. 2008 January • European Founders Fund invests $15 million in Facebook. March • Li Ka-Shing invests a second $60 million into Facebook. June • Facebook settles both lawsuits, ConnectU vs. Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg et al. and intellectual property theft, et al. over The Winklevoss Chang Group’s Social Butterfly project. The settlement effectively had Facebook 214 Facebook Timeline

acquiring ConnectU for $20 million in cash and over $1.2 million in shares, valued at $45 million based on $15 billion company valuation. August • Employees reportedly privately sell their shares to venture capital firms, at a company valuation of between $3.75 billion to $5 billion. • Facebook has 100 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 178.38 %. October • Facebook sets up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. 2009 January • Facebook surpasses MySpace to become top site for the first time. April • Facebook has 200 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 13.33 %. May • Digital Sky Technologies invests $200 million into Facebook. August • Facebook acquires real-time FriendFeed. September • Facebook claims that it has turned cash flow positive for the first time. • Facebook has 300 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 9.38 %. • Facebook shuts down Beacon. December • Facebook partners with the AMBER Alerts. 2010 February • Facebook acquires Malaysian contact-importing startup Octazen Solutions. • Facebook has 400 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 6.99 %. April • Facebook announces the acquisition of photo-sharing service called Divvy-shot for an undisclosed amount. Facebook Timeline 215

• Facebook introduces Community Pages that are populated with articles from . • Facebook introduces Instant Personalization, starting with Microsoft Docs, , and Pandora. June • Facebook employees sell shares of the company on SecondMarket, a U.S. financial marketplace online, at a company valuation of $11.5 billion. July • Facebook has 500 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 4.52 %. • Facebook introduces ‘‘Facebook Questions.’’ October • , a film about the beginnings of Facebook directed by is released. The film is met with widespread critical acclaim as well as commercial success. However, Mark Zuckerberg says that the film is a largely inaccurate account of what happened. 2011 January • Facebook receives $450 million investment from Goldman Sachs, $50 million from Digital Sky Technologies, and $1 billion from Goldman’s overseas clients. • Facebook has 600 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 3.57 %. • President , in his 2011 State of the Union Address, called America ‘‘the nation of Edison and the Wright brothers’’ and ‘‘of Google and Facebook.’’ February • Facebook becomes the largest online photo host. Facebook application and content aggregator Pixable estimates that Facebook will host 100 billion photos by summer 2011. • Facebook adds new ‘‘civil union’’ option for gay partnerships. • Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers invest $38 million in Facebook. March • Mutual fund company T. Rowe Price invests $190.5 million in Facebook. • Yahoo! files a lawsuit against Facebook for infringing on ten of its patents covering , privacy controls and social networking. May • Facebook has 700 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 3.45 %. 216 Facebook Timeline

August • Facebook overtakes as top social networking site in . September • Facebook partners with Heroku for Facebook application development using the Facebook Platform. • Facebook collaborates with Cartoon Network in launching the ‘‘Stop Bullying: Speak Up’’ social pledge application. • Facebook has 800 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 3.73 %. October • Facebook launches iPad app. December • Facebook launches its new profile , Facebook Timeline. 2012 February • Facebook files for an (IPO) seeking to raise $5 billion. March • Facebook introduces sponsored . April • Facebook acquires picture sharing and social network, , for $1 billion, the largest acquisition to date. • Facebook has 900 million registered users with a monthly growth rate of 1.74 %. May • Facebook unveils organ donation initiative. • Facebook acquires ambient location app Glancee. • Facebook sets IPO price at $38 a share, giving the company a $104.2 billion market value. • Facebook IPO raises $16 billion, making it the third largest in U.S. history, trailing only Visa in March 2008 and General Motors in November 2010. • Facebook stock ends its first full week of trading at $31.91, a 16.5 % decline. • In a dozen of lawsuits, Facebook shareholders sue Facebook and its underwriters for misleading private investors in the purchase of Facebook’s stock. June • Facebook acquires facial recognition company Face.com for between $55 and $100 million. Facebook Timeline 217

• Facebook announces real-time ad bidding Facebook Exchange. • Facebook tests Find Friends Nearby feature. • Facebook and its underwriters file a motion in New York to consolidate the outstanding shareholder lawsuits against them. • Facebook has 955 million monthly active users, 81% of whom are outside the U.S. and Canada. About the Author

Newton Lee is CEO of Newton Lee Laboratories LLC, president of the Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships, and founding editor-in-chief of ACM Computers in Entertainment. Previously, he was a research scientist at Bell Laboratories, senior producer and engineer at The Company, and research staff member at the Institute for Defense Analyses. He earned a B.S. and .S. degree in Computer Science from Tech, and received an A.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and honorary doctorate from Vincennes University. He is the co-author of Disney Stories: Getting to Digital.

N. Lee, Facebook Nation, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5308-6, 219 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Index

1 5 1960 U.S. Presidential Election, 115 500 Startups accelerator program, 97, 166 1984 National Decision Directive, 3 1992 riots, 178 A 1995 Data Protection Directive, 64 Abbottabad, 70 Abraham-Lincoln-patented-Facebook hoax, 105 2 ACLU. See American Civil Liberties 2008 U.S. Presidential Campaign, 115 Union 2011 Egyptian revolution, 136 Acquisti, Alessandro, 29, 31 2011 f8 Conference, 7 ACTA. See Anti-Counterfeiting Trade 2011 If Conference, 165 Agreement 2011 Conference, 152 ADAMS. See Anomaly Detection 2011 State of the Union Address, 7, 117 at Multiple Scales 2012 Academy Awards, 73 Adams, Douglas, 207 2012 Ad Age Digital Conference, 92 Adams, Hillary, 24 2012 D: Dive Into Media Conference, 23 Adams, William, 24 2012 Digital Life Design Ada Programming Support Environment, 3 Conference, 33, 64, 150 Adelman, Warren, 127 2012 Cup competition, 16 Adopt a Hydrant, 118 2012 LeWeb London Conference, 29 Advanced Research Projects 2012 South by Southwest Conference, 24, 70, Agency Network, 201 130, 134, 187 Advertising misinformation 2012 TED Conference, 118, 171, 206 and disinformation, 107 2012 Worldwide Developers Conference, 55 Adware, 85 Agile software development, 88 A Google a Day, 207 3 al-Assad, Asma, 124 3M, 125 al-Sharif, Manal, 137 3rd I, The, 204 , 64, 128 Amazon prime, 23 Amber alert GPS, 183 4 AMBER alerts, 133 42, 207 Ambient awareness, 170 Ambient social apps, 27, 171

N. Lee, Facebook Nation, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5308-6, 221 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 222 Index

A (cont.) B America’s missing: broadcasting Back, Mitja, 149 emergency response, 183 Back, Simone, 172 America’s next top model, 22 , 29 American civil liberties union, 6, 50, 63, 139, , 135 151, 163, 178 Ballard, Nathan, 180 , 22 Ballmer, Steve, 92 Am-I-pretty-or-ugly videos, 24, 174 Banjo, 27 AML. See Anti-money laundering Bar, Christine, 136 AnchorFree HotspotShield, 164 Barn av regnbuen, 137 Anderson, Emmy, 183 Barnum, P.T., 104 Andreessen, Marc, 130 Bartiromo, Maria, 33 Andreev, Andrey, 29 Basic research, 201 , 62 Battle Pirates, 56 Andrews, Lori B., 138, 150 Bauerlein, Mark, 21, 186 Android, 33, 49, 50 Bayesian classifiers, 106 Android market, 54, 56 BBC Audiobooks America, 74 Anomaly detection at multiple scales, 6, 79 Beast, 200 Anonymizer’s anonymous surfing, 164 Beast With A Billion Eyes, The, 23 Anonymizing software, 164 Because-I-Am-a-Girl campaign, 91 Anonymous group, 159 Bell laboratories, 4 Anti-counterfeiting trade agreement, 132 Bell, Emily, 120 Anti-money laundering, 180 BellSouth, 51 Anti-virus software, 85, 160, 163 Benjamin, Regina, 172 AOL, 14, 23, 89, 98, 126, 132, 155 Bennett, William J., 104 API. See Application Programming Interface Berners-Lee, Tim, 4, 72 Apple, 24, 31, 50, 51, 64, 87 Betty Boop, 187 Apple store, 55, 56 Biden, Joe, 106 Application programming interface, 165 Bieber, Justin, 21, 23, 121 Apprentice, The, 22 Big brother, 22, 170, 188, 203–205 APSE. See Ada Programming Support , 7, 62, 78, 79, 81, 107, 165, 170, 177, Environment 188, 202, 205, 206 Arab Spring, 136 Big data research and development initiative, Arab-Israeli conflict, 134 6, 78, 202 Are you safe, 118 Big friend, 205 Argus, 4, 202 Bilal, Wafaa, 204 Argyll and Bute Council, 137 Bin Laden, Osama, 70, 202 Arnold, Thelma, 155 Bing, 33–35 Arsenal technical high school, 173 BioSense, 79, 202 Artificial intelligence, 3, 62, 80, 181, 188, 201 Biosurveillance, 4, 202 Artificial neural network, 106 Black Box, 74 Artist, The, 73 BlackBerry, 50 ASCAP, 125 Blades, Joan, 134 Asia, 84 Blinder, Martin, 165 Assange, Julian, 7, 202 Blockbuster, 25 AT&T, 4, 51, 70, 132 , 14, 161 Athar, Sohaib, 70 Bluhm, Julia, 108 Atlanta, 118 BMI, 125 Atlantic, The, 104 Boing Boing, 124, 128 Augmented reality, 91 Boo, 149, 200 Augmented-reality glasses, 170 Booker, Cory, 118 Australia, 77 Boston, 118 Auto-share, 26, 33, 93, 95 Boston College, 211 Axon, Samuel, 186 Boston University, 211 Index 223

Boyd, Danah, 19 Chicago, 118 Boyd, Wes, 134 Children of the rainbow, 137 Brady, Aaron, 56 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, 19, New World, 205 54 Brave New World Revisited, 205 China, 21, 32, 131, 135, 138 Brazil, 29 Cho, Seung Hui, 175 Breivik, Anders Behring, 136 Chou, Dorothy, 135 Brin, Sergey, 35, 130 Christakis, Nicholas A., 171, 178 Brown, Chris, 111, 153, 154 CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency Bruich, Sean, 95 Cincinnati, 118 Brynjolfsson, Erik, 73 Circle of 6, 177 Bubble Witch Saga, 56 CISPA. See Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, 69 Protection Act Burn Note, 164 Citizen journalist, 70, 111 Bush, George W., 176 Clark, Ryan Christopher, 175 Business intelligence, 91 Clementi, Tyler, 172 Buzz Consent Decree, 89 Clery Act, 177 Bystander effect, 171 Clery, Jeanne, 177 Clinton, Bill, 134 Clooney, George, 73 C Closed-circuit television, 179, 201 Cablevision, 132 Cloud , 153 Cacioppo, John T., 171 Club Penguin, 19 Çag˘ri, Mahir, 22 ClueBot NG, 106 California’s online privacy protection act, 64 CNN, 104 Canada, 21, 61, 84, 135 Cocoon, 164 Carpenter, Christopher, 24 Code for America, 118 Carrier IQ, 50, 88, 163 Codependent relationships, 187 Carr, Nicholas, 107 Cognitive science, 4 Car-to-car technology, 182 Cohen, Sacha Baron, 22 Car-to-infrastructure technology, 182 Coleman, Amanda, 20 Cartoon network, 173 College admissions officers, 151 Cashmore, Pete, 29, 204 Colombo, Carol, 183 Castle in the Sky, 71 Columbia University, 14 Causes, 133 Columbine High School, 169, 175 Cauz, Jorge, 69, 105 Comcast, 132 CBS radio, 103 Community awareness, 180 CCTV. See Closed-Circuit Television Conlon, Martina, 62 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and ConnectU, 212–214 Prevention Consumer Electronics Association, 36 Celebrityfindr, 30 Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights, 63, 64 phone jammer, 53 Cookies, 19, 80, 88, 164 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Copeland, Dave, 28 79, 202 COPPA. See Children’s Online Privacy Pro- Central Intelligence Agency, 4 tection Act Cerf, Vint, 126 Coppola, Francis Ford, 169, 188 CERN. See European Organization for Corduroy, Tanya, 35 Nuclear Research Corey, Helen, 203 Chairman Mao, 135 Costa Rica, 105 Change.gov, 116 Costolo, Dick, 71, 73 Chan, Priscilla, 199 Counter terrorism, 3 Cheezburger, 127, 128 Craigslist, 128 Cheng, Jacqui, 154 Creative Artists Agency, 108 Cheng, Tiffiniy, 132 Credit freeze, 160 224 Index

C (cont.) Diffusion of responsibility, 171 Crime awareness, 178 , 26 Crime Awareness and Campus Digital billboards, 91, 92, 170 Security Act, 177 Digital footprint, 6, 152, 155, 165, 202 Crime fighting, 184 Digital identities, 149, 151 Crime prevention, 204 Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 126, 135 Crowd-sourcing, 105, 106, 184 Digital omnivores, 77, 78, 200 Crowther, Simon, 171 Digital personalities, 149 Cruiser’s dashboard camera, 183 Digital photographs, 30 Crump, Catherine, 151 Digital Sky Technologies, 214, 215 Cruz, Carina, 108 Disconnect, 164 CV Dazzle, 32 DiscoverBPS, 118 Cyber bullying, 173, 174 Disinformation, 104, 111, 124 Cyber Intelligence Sharing Disney, 4, 6, 19, 20, 23, 97, 106, 125, 170, 203 and Protection Act, 132 Disneyland, 204 Cybersecurity, 126, 131 Disney Social Media Moms Celebrations, 97 , 135 Disney Stories: Getting to Digital, 106 Distress Alerting Satellite System, 183 Divvy-shot, 214 D DMCA. See Digital Millennium Copyright Act D’Aguiar, Frederick, 175 DNS. See Domain Name System Dalai Lama, 72 DNS blocking, 127 Dallas, 118 DNS filtering, 127 Dancing With the Stars, 22 DNSSEC, 126 Darley, John M., 171 DoD. See U.S. Department of Defense DARPA. See Defense Advanced Research Dodd, Chris, 127 Projects Agency DOE. See U.S. Department of Energy Dartmouth College, 211 Dolby laboratories, 125 Dash cams. See Car Dashboard Camera Domain name system, 126 DASS. See Distress Alerting Satellite System Do not track, 163 , 6, 62, 202 Don’t be evil, 87 Data Protection Authority, 83 Donate Life America, 133 Data Use Policy, 33 Donehue, Wesley, 138 Data vault, 62, 164 DoubleClick, 88 Data.gov, 117 Doublethink, 203 Davies, Simon, 87 Dougherty, Dale, 117 Davison, Paul, 29, 187 Dow Chemical Company, The, 125 Deep packet inspection, 135 Downey, Sarah A., 80 Deep thought, 207 DPA. See Data Protection Authority Defense Advanced Research Projects Draw Muhamad Day, 134 Agency, 3, 4, 201 Draw Something, 56 Demand-side platform, 95 Dreyfuss, Emily, 53 Democracy, 138 DroidDream, 55 Deng, Wendi, 111 DSP. See Demand-Side Platform Depue, Roger, 176 Dugard, Jaycee, 170 DeRosa, Anthony, 94 Dujardin, Jean, 73 Descartes, René, 187 Dynamic mental models, 4 Descendants, The, 73 Dhillon, Mandeep S., 97 DHS. See U.S. Department E of Homeland Security E-Activism, 115 DHS National Operations Center, 185 Easter Egg Archive, The, 84 Diamandis, Peter, 206 Easter eggs, 84 Diesel, 107 Eastwood, Clint, 72 Index 225 eBay, 14, 126, 132 Facebook account, 161 Eckhart, Trevor, 50, 88 Facebook account verification, 110 EcoFinder, 118 Facebook AMBER alerts, 184 E-commerce, 97 Facebook app, 162 Eco: Speed, 182 Facebook app center, 56 ECPA. See Electronic Privacy Communica- Facebook audience growth award, 97 tions Act Facebook authentication, 32 EdgeRank, 80, 95 Facebook ban, 134 Edry, Ronny, 134 , 25, 95, 134, 214 Egan, Erin, 31, 152 Facebook community pages, 215 Egan, Jennifer, 74 Facebook data team, 170 E-Government, 115 Facebook data use policy, 80 E-Government Act, 117 Facebook deactivation, 207 eHarmony, 187 Facebook exchange, 95 Ehmke, Rachel, 169, 173, 174 Facebook find friends nearby, 28, 217 Eldon, Eric, 28 Facebook for sex, 28 Electoral College, 137 Facebook friends, 15, 18, 31, 171, 172, 186 , 125 Facebook friendships statistics, 132, 133 Electronic Freedom of Information Act Facebook instant personalization, 215 Amendments, 116 Facebook IPO, 14, 15, 79, 95, 96, 119, 199 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 31, 34 Facebook likes per post award, 97 Electronic paper, 170 Facebook nation, 7, 32, 117, 137–139, 170, Electronic Privacy Communications Act, 139 188 Electronic reading rooms, 116 Facebook open graph, 162 Emmett, Laura, 202 Facebook organ donation initiative, 200, 216 Emotional breakdown, 30 Facebook photos, 154 Enayati, Amanda, 20 Facebook platform, 213, 216 Encyclopedia Britannica, 69, 105 Facebook privacy, 161 Endangered language project, 70 Facebook privacy policies, 161 Endomondo, 26 Facebook privacy settings, 151, 162, 204 EnemyGraph, 21, 169 Facebook public search, 162 Equifax, 160 Facebook questions, 207, 215 ESPN, 23 Facebook revolution, 201 Etzioni, Amitai, 201 Facebook sponsored stories, 17, 94, 216 Europe, 84 Facebook stop bullying: speak up social European Commission, 64 pledge app, 173 European Founders Fund, 213 Facebook suicide risk alert system, 172 European Organization for Nuclear Research, Facebook timeline, 14, 26, 216 4 Facebook’s mission, 14, 132, 206 Eustace, Alan, 84 Facebook’s stalking app, 28 Evidence Extraction and Link Discovery, 5 Facemash, 16, 21, 211 Executive Office of the President, 3 Faces, 31 Exhaust data, 152, 154, 165 Facial recognition, 6, 29–33, 91, 180, 181, Exhibitionism, 22, 23 185, 201, 204 Experian, 160 Facialytics, 30 Expert systems, 4 Fandango, 25, 26, 89 Eyeborg, 204 Fanning, Dakota, 107 Farley, Frank, 111 FBI. See Federal Bureau of Investigation F FCC. See U.S. Federal Communications Face.com, 29, 216 Commission Facebook, 6, 7, 14, 30, 34, 52, 54, 70, 72, 79, FDNS. See Fraud Detection and National 93, 108, 111, 115, 117, 126, 132, 136, Security 149, 151, 187, 199–202, 211 Fear Factor, 22 226 Index

F (cont.) Giovanni, Nikki, 175 Federal bureau of investigation, 3, 163, 176 Girls-Around-Me mobile app, 28 Federal Trade Commission Act, 16, 33 GIS. See Geographic Information Systems Felker, Kelli, 94 Glancee, 27, 216 Fincher, David, 215 Global payments, 159 Find My Face, 31, 163 Global positioning system. See GPS Fitocracy, 166 GLONASS, 183 Fleming, David, 133 , 34, 92 , 54, 124, 128 Gmail , 92 FNF. See Free Network Foundation Go Daddy, 126 FOIA. See Freedom of Information Act Godfather Part II, The, 169, 170 Foodspotting, 26 Godfather, The, 188 , 105 Goldman Sachs, 215 Ford motor company, 35, 94 Google, 14, 64, 79, 117, 124, 126, 128, 132, Foursquare, 26, 27, 52 136, 188, 213 Fowler, James H., 171, 178 Google Adwords, 95 France, 29 , 160, 164 Franklin, Benjamin, 204 Google Bouncer, 55 Fraud alert, 160 Google Censor, 135 Fraud Detection and National Security, 185 ’s tagline, 177 Freedom of Information Act, 86, 116 , 85 Frictionless sharing, 26, 78, 80, 162, 171 Google Flu Trends, 79 Friend collectors, 14 , 105, 161 Friend effect, 34, 35, 95 Google New Privacy Policy, 34 FriendFeed, 214 Google notice-and-takedown process, 130 Friendshake, 28 Google plus Your World, 34 Friends without borders, 132 Google Privacy, 161 FTC. See US Federal Trade Commission Google Privacy Policies, 34, 161 Ads, 163 Google Search Sabotage, 106 G Google SSL Search, 164 Gaiman, Neil, 74 , 6, 83, 202 Galileo, 183 Google Suicide Prevention, 172 Gallaga, Omar L., 15 , 161 Gamefly, 25 Google Transparency Report, 130, 135 Gamestop, 94 Google.org, 70 Gap, 94 Google’s Code of Conduct, 87 General motors, 94, 199, 216 Google’s Mission, 81 Generation C, 77, 78, 200 Google’s Self-Driving Car, 170, 182 Genoverse syndrome, 171 Google+, 6, 31, 33, 72, 116, 201 Genovese, Catherine Susan (Kitty), 171, 180 Gore, Al, 134 Geographic information systems, 184 Goulet, Lauren Sessions, 171 Georgetown University, 4 Gov 2.0, 117, 118 , 83, 135 Government 2.0.See Gov 2.0 Gesture-control interfaces, 170 Government censorship, 135, 137, 206 Get-a-real-job hoax, 109 GPS, 27, 50, 181, 183 GetGlue, 22 Graduated response antipiracy program, 132 Get-on-the-Shelf contest, 22 Graffiti, 177 Ghassan, Abu, 137 Grant, Sheila Lyall, 124 Gibson, Faye, 23, 174 Grassroots campaigns, 137 Gibson, Naomi, 23, 174 Green, Shane, 165 Giffords, Gabrielle, 111 Greene, Bob, 53 Gingrich, Newt, 108 Greenfield, Patricia, 150 Index 227

Griffin, Thomas, 151 I Grifton, Morris, 176 i2hub, 212 Grimes, Chelisa, 169, 173 IAO.See Information Awareness Office Grindr, 29 IBM, 73, 149 ICANN, 126 IDA. See Institute for Defense Analyses H IDC, 78, 95 , 16, 28 Identify theft prevention, 159 Hagerman, Amber, 184 Identity fraud, 159 , 184 Identity provider, 32 Hamlin, Kaliya, 165 IdP. See Identity Provider Hampton, Keith N., 171 IE10, 163 Harley-Davidson, 125 Imgur, 128 Harris, Kamala, 64 India, 32 Harris, Malcolm, 139 Indianapolis, 71 Harris, Vincent, 73 Information, 111 Hartsell, Carol, 24 Information awareness, 184 Harvard Crimson, The, 16 Information awareness office, 5, 6, 79 Harvard University, 14, 16, 211 Information innovation office, 6, 79 Harvey, Adam, 32 Ingram, Matthew, 124 Haseltine, Eric, 4, 202 Insect robots, 170 , 72, 73 Instagram, 52, 96, 179 Hawk, Tony, 179 Institute for defense analyses, 3 Health Data Initiative, 118 Institute of Medicine, 118 Heldman, Caroline, 107 Intelius, 61 Heroku, 216 International space station, 72 Hewlett-Packard, 64 , 4, 6, 18, 22, 35, 117, 126, 205 Hicok, Bob, 175 Internet activism, 132 Hidden camera, 179 Internet Archive, The, 18 Higher education, 21 Internet defense league, 132 , 27, 187 Internet freedom grants, 137 Hilscher, Emily, 175 Invisible children, 119, 122, 132 Hirsch, Gil, 30 iOS, 54 Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The, 207 IP addresses, 80, 126, 155 Hjonnevag, Lili, 136 iPads, 24, 50 Hockenson, Lauren, 162 iPhone recording, 179 Hoffman, Reid, 152 iPhones, 25, 49, 50, 53, 87 Holliday, George, 178 iPhoto, 31 Holy grail of advertising, 95, 97 IRA. See Irish Republican Army Home depot, 52 Iran, 105, 134 HoneyBadger, 30 Irish Republican Army, 203 Hong, James, 16 Íslendingabók, 188 Hong Kong, 135 Issa, Darrell, 131 Honolulu, 119 Italy, 29 Hot or not, 16 iTunes, 24, 26, 87, 125 Huffington, Arianna, 115 iTV, 24 Hughes, Chris, 115 Huh, Ben, 127 , 23, 25, 26 J Humanity’s dashboard, 170 J.C. Penney, 52, 94 Human-resource officers, 151 Jackson, Michael, 72 Human USB, 170 Japan, 77, 135 Huxley, Aldous, 205 Jiabao, Wen, 135 Hypermedia, 4 Jobs, Steve, 4, 199 228 Index

J (cont.) Leopold, Todd, 111 Johnson, Clay, 78 Levi’s Jeans, 107 Jones, Christine N., 126 Levine, Mark, 171 JPMorgan Chase, 161 Levine, Marne, 173 Lewis, Andrew, 92 Librescu, Liviu, 176 K Li Ka-Shing Foundation, 213 Kaine, Tim, 175 Li, Ka-Shing, 213 Kamangar, Salar, 23 Lieb, Rebecca, 93 Kaplan, Andreas, 170 LIM College, 94 Kardashian, Kim, 72, 121 Limbaugh, Rush, 98 Karp, David, 92 Lincoln, Abraham, 104 Karpf, Josh, 96 Lindquist, Timothy, 3 Kaufmann, Earl Kenneth, 174 LinkedIn, 126, 132, 201 Keen, Andrew, 52, 123, 188 Location awareness, 181, 183 Keesey, Ben, 122 Location services, 50, 87, 163 Kennedy, John F., 115 Location tracking, 6, 50, 51, 87, 201 Keselowski, Brad, 71 Locke, Gary, 63, 98 Khalid, Kiran, 15 Locker Project, The, 164 Kickstarter, 125 Lohmann, Fred von, 130 Kim, Jinhee, 97 Loneliness, 171, 186 King, Rodney, 178 Lonelygirl15, 108, 111 Kissinger, Henry, 159 Long, Letitia, 202 Klein, Karen, 24 Lorenz, Abby, 177 Kleinberg, Jon, 15 Los Angeles, 61 Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, 215 , 73 Klik, 31 Knowledge graph, 80 Kobo eBooks, 25 M Kony 2012, 119 , 3, 106 Kony‘ Joseph, 119 Macintosh, 88 Korea, 21 MacManus, Richard, 35 Korean Airlines (KAL) Flight, 181–182 Mahaney, Mark, 78 Kosner, Anthony Wing, 201 Manago, Adriana, 150 Kramer, John F., 3 Manes, Stephen, 65 Kwink, 187 Marlow, Cameron, 171 Martin, Trayvon, 104, 180, 181 MasterCard, 79 L Match.com, 89, 187 LaHood, Ray, 36 Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, 204 Language of internet communication, 21 Mayer, Jonathan, 88 Las Vegas, 204 McArtney, Jack, 183 Latané, Bibb, 171 McCain, John, 115 Law enforcement, 184 McClain, David, 104 LBE Privacy Guard, 164 McClain, Elaine, 104 Leahy, Patrick, 124, 131 McCormack, Dermont, 117 Leavitt, Michael O., 176 McDonald’s, 73 Lee, Newton, 103, 199 McNally, Steve, 165 Lee, Spike, 104 McNealy, Scott, 13, 65 Lee, Tom, 154 Media innovation group, 88 Leech, John, 182 Mediati, Nick, 34 Leibowitz, Jon, 20, 63, 163 earth orbit search and rescue, 183 Leiser, Jordy, 98 Mehdizadeh, Soraya, 20 Lenhart, Amanda, 183 Mehmanparast, Ramin, 105 Index 229

Memory hole, 203 N Menczer, Filippo, 108 Nanny-cam, 179 MEOSAR. See Medium Earth Narcissism, 20, 24 Orbit Search and Rescue NASA. See National Aeronautics Mercedes-Benz, 35 and Space Administration Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 89 National Aeronautics Mevio, 23 and Space Administration, 183 Mexico, 29, 84 National Agricultural Library, 4 Microblogs, 138 National Basketball Association, 125 Microsoft, 23, 64, 213 National Do Not Call Registry, 161 Microsoft Docs, 215 National Football League, 125 Microsoft’s Passport, 32 National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 6, Millburn High School, 18, 108 202 Miller, Jon, 156 National Instant Criminal Background Check Miller, Matthew, 50 System, 175, 176 Miller, Paul, 15 National Institute of Child Health and Human Milwaukee, 118 Development, 174 Mind-controlled videogames, 170 National Institutes of Health, 6, 78 Minnewaska Area , 178 National Reconnaissance Office, 4 Minority Report, 91, 169, 188 National Science Foundation, 6, 78 Minsky, Marvin, 4 National Security Agency, 3–5, 32, 51, 188 Miramonte Elementary School, 176 National Sheriff’s Association, 180 Misinformation, 104, 111 National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, 172 Miso, 22 National Transportation Safety Board, 36 Missing children, 181, 188 Natural language, 3 Mission (4636), 184 Naval Research Laboratory, 4 MIT, 211 NBA. See National Basketball Association MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, 4 Need-to-know, 7 Miyazaki, Hayao, 71 Need-to-provide, 7 Monroe, Marilyn, 72 Need-to-share, 7 Mooney, Andy, 97 Neighborhood watch, 180 Moore, Terence, 70 Neiman Marcus, 52 Morin, Dave, 53, 88 Netflix, 23, 25, 78, 125 Morris, Laura, 184 Neumayr, Tom, 56 Moskovitz, Dustin, 211 NeverSeconds, 137 Motion Picture Association Newman, Jared, 164 of America, 127 News of the World, 61 MoveOn.org, 134 Newsom, Gavin, 154, 180 Movies with friends, 26 Newspeak, 69, 203 Mozilla, 124, 126, 128 Newton-Small, Jay, 137 MPAA. See Motion Picture , 61, 91 Association of America New York City Department of Health MSN, 14 and Mental Hygiene, 104 MSN censor, 135 New York Times, 89 Mubarak, Hosni, 136 New Zealand, 21, 212 Mueller, Robert, 163 NeXT, 4 Mulpuru, Sucharita, 94 NeXTSTEP, 4 Mundt, Marlon P., 20 NFL. See National Football League Murdoch, Rupert, 109 NGA. See National Geospatial-Intelligence My.BarackObama.com, 111 Agency MyBO. See My.BarackObama.com Nguyen, Thuy, 62 Myers, Steve, 70 NIH. See National Institutes of Health MySpace, 150, 212 Nike, 26, 125 230 Index

N (cont.) OPEN. See Online Protection and Enforce- Nike+, 166 ment of Digital Trade Nike+ GPS, 25 Open data initiatives, 117 Nilsen, Lillebjørn, 137 Orkut, 216 Nineteen Eighty-Four, 69, 203–205 Orwell, George, 69, 203–205 Nintendo, 125 Oscar Senti-Meter, 73 Nixon, Richard, 111, 115 , 136 Nixon, Steve, 4 , 137 , 50, 170 Ottawa, 61 Nomophobia, 49 Overstock, 25 Nordstrom, 94 Owen, Samantha Pia, 172 Northeastern University, 211 NRL. See Naval Research Laboratory NRO. See National Reconnaissance Office P NSA. See National Security Agency Pachter, Michael, 16 NSDD. See 1984 National Security Decision Page, Larry, 34, 35, 109 Directive PageRank, 80 NSF. See National Science Foundation Pahlka, Jennifer, 118 NTSB. See National Transportation Safety Paiji, Sarah, 97 Board , 70, 134 Nuland, Victoria, 121 PAL. See Personalized Assistant that Learns Palin, Sarah, 109 Pandora, 26, 125, 215 O Pandora’s box, 188 O’Brien, Darby, 173 ParaSite, 127 O’Brien, Soledad, 132 Parental awareness, 173, 174 O’Rourke, James S., 105 Park, Todd, 117 Obama, Barack, 7, 27, 72, 115, 117, 151, 181, Parker, Sean, 130, 133, 211 201, 215 , 53, 55, 88 Obama, Michele, 72 Patterson, Ryan, 28 Obama’s online operation, 115 Payne, Ashley, 150 Occupy Austin, 206 Payne, Martha, 137 Occupy democracy, 134 Peer-to-peer social network, 206 Occupy movement, 134 People Magazine, 89 Occupy wall street, 139, 206 PepsiCo, 96 Octazen solutions, 214 Persian Gulf, 105 ODNI. See Office of the Director of National Person of the YearPersonal, 206 Intelligence Personal analytics, 165–166 Office of Science and Technology Policy, 78 Personal Data Ecosystem Consortium, 165 Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Personalized assistant that learns, 201 4, 6 Personal locator beacons, 183 Ohanian, Alexis, 118, 132 Personally identifiable information, 152, 200 Oil of the digital age, 62 Personal safety, 183 Oliver, Jamie, 137 Petrosky, Benjamin, 31 One Million Voices Against FARC, 132 Pfeiffer, Dan, 72 Onion, The, 26 Pfizer, 125 Online births, 155 Philip Morris, 125 Online dating, 165, 186 Photo Finder, 30 Online piracy, 127, 128, 131, 138 Photo Tagger, 30 Online Protection and Enforcement of Digital Photo Tag Suggest, 30, 31 Trade Act, 131 , 31 Online Public Access Catalog, 4 PII. See Personally Identifiable Information OPAC. See Online Public Access Catalog , 25, 56, 128 Index 231

PIPA. See PROTECT IP Act Reagan, Ronald, 3, 5, 182 Pirates of the Caribbean, 97 Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, 22 , 122 Reality television, 22 Playdom, 19, 20 Receiptrocity, 109 PLBs. See Personal Locator Beacons Recording Industry Association of America, Please Don’t Jump Day, 171 125 Poindexter, John, 5 Red light cameras, 182, 201, 204 Point of no return, 205 , 124, 128 PointRoll, 88 Reding, Viviane, 64 Pokemon Yellow, 55 Reebok, 107, 125 Poland, 21, 135 Reeg, Seth, 185 Polich, Adrienne, 95 Reich, Robert, 134 Politwoops, 154 Reporters without borders, 135 Pope Benedict XVI, 72 Republic, 138 Pose, 26 Research in motion, 64 Postman, Neil, 205 Retina scanners, 170 PostSecret, 171 Revlon, 125 Power users, 32 Reyes, Ricardo, 36 Precogs, 169, 188 Rhapsody, 26 Predictive technology, 188 RIAA. See Recording Industry Association of PrepperDating, 187 America Presley, Elvis, 72 Rice, Condoleezza, 21 Prince, Phoebe, 173 Right to be forgotten, 64 Printing press, 69, 107, 202 Rigley, Michael, 80 Privacy (2.0), 152 Ring of Steel, 203 Privacy policy, 33, 34 Rissman, Jason, 70 PrivacyScore, 164 Rite Aid, 125 Privoxy, 164 Roberts, Julia, 107 Promenade Temecula, 52 Roberts, Robin, 200 Propagandas, 124 Robotic driver legislation, 182 Protalinski, Emil, 105 Rodriguez, Clara Rivera, 70 PROTECT IP Act, 124 Rolex, 125 Psychology, 4, 201 Romney, Mitt, 109 Pushpin Mehina, 134 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 103 Putorti, Jason, 133 RootMusic, 26 Pyykkonen, Martin, 93 Rose, Brent, 34 Rose, Jessica Lee, 108 Rosen, Jeffrey, 64 Q Rosen, Larry D., 20 Qin, Shi Huang, 69 Roximity, 35 Quality assurance, 87, 88 Roy, Lucinda, 175 Quayle, Dan, 159 Rushfield, Richard, 108 QuickTime, 87 Rushkoff, Douglas, 206 Russell, Dan, 207 Russell, Jason, 122 R , 131 Radio, 103, 115 Radwanick, Sarah, 77 Rainie, Lee, 172 S Ralph Lauren, 125 Sacramento, 118 Rancho Bernardo High School, 108 Safari, 50, 87–89, 203 Rapleaf, 26 SafeShepherd, 164 Ravi, Dharun, 172 SafetyWeb, 174 Reach generator, 94 Sandberg, Sheryl, 33, 95, 149, 150 232 Index

S (cont.) Smartphones, 49 Sandia National Laboratories, 183 Smith, J.R., 155 San Diego Supercomputing Center, 32 Smith, Lamar S., 125 , 61, 70, 118 Smolan, Rick, 170 San Francisco Community Safety Camera Snapette, 97 Program, 179, 180 Snizek, William E., 177 Santorum, Rick, 21, 106 Social ads, 93–95, 98 SAR. See Search and Rescue Social apps, 25, 26, 33, 56, 184 Saudi Arabia, 137 Social Butterfly project, 213 Savage, Dan, 106 Social media, 138 Saverin, Eduardo, 211 Social Network Constitution, 138 SayNow, 136 Social Network, The Scary Guy, The, 174 , 32–34, 204 SceneTap, 204 So.cl, 32 Schmidt, Eric, 13, 33 Sohn, Gigi B., 125 School bullying, 169, 173 Soltani, Ashkan, 89 School safety, 175–176 Sonar, 27 School shooting, 175 , 125 Schulman, Kori, 27 SOPA. See Stop Online Piracy Act Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 153 SOPA/PIPA blackout, 124, 130, 138 Scoble, Robert, 14, 200 Sopo, Maxi, 185 Seacrest, Ryan, 121 Sosa, Jason, 92 SEAL Team Six, 70 Soul mates, 187 Search and rescue, 183 Soundcloud, 26 Search engine optimization, 35 Soyuz, 72 Search engines, 33, 35, 126, 153 Spain, 29, 135 Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence, 181 Spears, Britney, 110 Seattle, 70, 119 Spectrum crunch, 49 Sebastian, Colin, 97 Spence, Rob, 204 SEC. See U.S. Securities and Exchange Spielberg, Steven, 91, 169, 188 Commission , 25, 26, 32, 56 SecondMarket, 215 Spreading Santorum, 106, 107 Secure sockets layer, 55, 164 Springfield Gazette, 104 SeeClickFix app, 118 Sprint, 51 Sekoff, Roy, 15 Spyware, 85 Self-awareness, 186, 187 SSL. See Secure Sockets Layer SEO. See Search Engine Optimization St. Petersburg, 29 SESAC, 125 St. Pierre, Nate, 104 SETI. See Search for Extra Terrestrial Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, 199 Intelligence Stanford University, 20, 211 SETI@home, 181 Stanford University’s Peace Innovation, 132 Seventeen, 108 Steger, Charles W., 176 Sexting, 174 Stein, Gary, 151 , 72 Steiner, Peter, 149 Sherman, Cary H., 131, 138 Steinfeld, Hailee, 107 Short Pump Town Center, 52 Stollak, Jesse, 166 Simpson, John M., 64, 89 Stop Online Piracy Act, 125 , 77 Street Bump app, 118 Singhal, Amit, 33, 80 STS@home, 181 Singly, 165 Student awareness, 175 Siri, 201 Stydahar, Emma, 108 Six Flags, 203 Suicide prevention, 170 Skout, 29 Sultan, Aisha, 155 Smart, Elizabeth, 170 Summer Olympics, 77 Index 233

Summers, Lawrence H., 199 TransUnion, 160 Sunlight Foundation, 154 Triple O. See Obama’s Online Operation Super Bowl XLVI, 22, 71, 72 Trojan horse, 85 Survivalist singles, 187 True Friends verification, 19 Survivor, 22 Trump, Donald, 22 Sweeney, Latanya, 155 Truthy project, 108 Swimsuit Illustrated, 23 Tucker, Catherine, 96 Symantec Smartphone Honey Stick Project, 61 , 14, 92, 128 Syria, 124 Turkle, Sherry, 186 Systrom, Kevin, 96 Turntable.fm, 26 Twain, Mark, 200 Tweetup, 72 T Twin flames, 187 T. Rowe Price, 215 Twin souls, 187 Target REDcard, 161 , 6, 14, 25, 34, 53, 70, 72, 108, 111, Taylor, Bret, 14, 80 115, 116, 126, 132, 136, 139, 188 Teen Vogue, 108 Twitter ban, 135 Tel Aviv, 134 Twitter Transparency Report, 135 TeleHash, 165 Twitter verified accounts, 110 Telephone bar, 29 Twitter verified badge, 72 Television, 22, 115, 202, 205 Twitter’s mission, 71 Terrorism, 3, 6, 177 Twitterholics, 71 Terrorism information awareness, 5 Twitter’s find friends, 53 Tesla Model S, 36 Tether, Tony, 5 Text spam, 161 U Thampi, Arun, 53, 55 U.K. Advertising Standards Authority, 107 Thiel, Peter, 21 Ushahidi, 184 Thomas, Nick, 22 U.S. Army Research Office, 4 Thompson, Clive, 171 U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 125 Thoughtcrime, 203 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Three degrees of influence, 186 185 Threshold calculation, 106 U.S. Constitution, 138 TIA. See Total Information Awareness U.S. Department of Commerce, 64 Tien, Lee, 31 U.S. Department of Defense, 3, 79, 181 Tiffany & Co., 125 U.S. Department of Energy, 6, 79 Times Square billboard, 91 U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser- Time Warner, 125, 174 vices, 118 Time Warner Cable, 132 U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 185 TLD. See Top-Level Domain U.S. Federal Communications Commission, T-Mobile, 51 49, 51, 86, 104 TMZ, 89 U.S. Federal Trade Commission, 16, 19, 51, Togetherville, 97 54, 159, 163 Toner Mark C., 120 U.S. Geological Survey, 6, 79 ToonTown Online, 19 U.S. House of Representatives, 5, 25, 125, Top-level domain, 127 127, 131, 134 Tor, 164 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 16 Toshiba, 125 U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, 5 Total information awareness, 5–7, 79, 170, U.S. State Department, 137 182, 188, 199, 201, 202 U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework, 17 Touch-sensing furniture, 170 Underage drinking, 185 Toy Story, 97 United Kingdom, 77, 135 Traffic safety, 181 , 77, 84, 135 Transnational Facebook nation, 134 Upton, Kate, 23 234 Index

U (cont.) Weibo, 135 USA Today, 26 Wei, Molly, 172 USC Annenberg Innovation Lab, 73 Weisz, Rachel, 107 USCIS. See U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Weiwei, Ai, 135 Services Welles, Orson, 103, 104 Wells, H.G., 103 Werdegar, Maurice, 212 V White House ‘‘Apps Against Abuse’’ Tech- Václav Havel Prize for Creative Dissent, 137 nology Challenge, 177 Vaidhyanathan, Siva, 81 White House Office of Science and Technol- Valdes-Dapena, Peter, 182 ogy Policy, 78 Vandalism detection algorithm, 106 White House, The, 3, 27, 63, 72, 78, 127, 131, Verified apps, 17 177 Verizon, 51, 132 Whitehouse.gov, 116 Vevo, 23, 26 WikiLeaks, 7, 185, 202 Viacom, 23, 125, 213 Wikipedia, 105, 124, 128, 215 Vibrant media, 88 Wilder, Isaac, 206 Vibrating tattoo alerts, 170 , 163 Viddy, 26, 56 Winfrey, Oprah, 121 Video Privacy Protection Act, 25 Wion, Rick, 73 Video surveillance, 176, 178–181, 203, 204 Wired, 124, 128 Virginia Tech, 3, 4, 35, 109, 169, 175, 176 Wirehog, 212 Virginia Tech Magazine, 177 Women2Drive campaign, 137 Visa, 199, 216 Woolsey, Jim, 159 Visual Casino loss-reduction systems, 204 WordPress, 124, 128 Voodoo Carrier IQ Detector, 163 , 78 Voss-Wittig, Huberta von, 124 World Wrestling Entertainment, 125 Votizen, 26, 133 Worms, 85 Voyeurism, 22, 23 Wright, Lawrence, 6, 203 VPPA. See Video Privacy Protection Act WWE. See World Wrestling Entertainment VZ Navigator, 183 Wyble, Charles, 206 Wyden, Ron, 124, 131

W Wales, Jimmy, 127 X Walgreens, 52 Xerox, 125 Walk of Fame, 179 Wall Street Journal, 26 , 22, 125 Y Wargaming, 5 Yahoo!, 14, 23, 126, 132, 215 War of the Worlds, The, 103 Yahoo! Answers, 207 Warren, Frank, 171 Yahoo! censor, 135 D.C., 61, 118 Yahoo! News, 25, 26 Washington Post, 26, 104 Yale University, 14 Watergate, 111 Yellow Pages, 70, 89 Wayback machine, 18 Yelp, 215 Web, 71, 115, 117 Young, Darnell, 169, 173 Web activism. See Internet activism Young, Jim, 16 Web-free speak-to-tweet service, 136 YouTube, 6, 14, 23, 33, 70, 89, 108, 111, 115, Web history, 164 151, 161 Web proxies, 164 YouTube ban, 135 Web’s Watergate, 111 YouTube content verification program, 130 WebMD, 89 YouTube privacy complaint process, 164 Index 235

Z Zhuangzi, 169, 187 ZDNet, 105 Zimmerman, George, 104 Zerg rush, 85 Zuckerberg, Mark, 7, 14–16, 26, 80, 95, 119, Zetsche, Dieter, 35 133, 186, 199, 202, 206 Zhiwu, Chen, 138 , 126, 130