Tallapragada Subba Row
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Fall 2012 Great Esotericists of the Past Tallapragada Subba Row allapragada Subba Row was born on July id book. But this mystical side of his char- T 6, 1856 into a family of Brahmins at Ka- acter he showed only to kindred souls. kinada in Andhra Pradesh State, India. (His What may seem strange to some is the fact name is sometimes spelled Rao, and probably that, while he was obedient as a child to his that was the original form of the family name.) mother in worldly affairs, he was strangely His grandfather was an administrator in the reticent to her, as he was to all his relatives district court, and his maternal uncle was a and ordinary acquaintances, about spiritual high government official in the service of the matters.2 Raja of Pithapuram. When he was six months old his father died, and the young Tallapragada Esoteric Teachings was raised by the uncle. T. Subba Row seemed to have an innate know- ledge of the ancient scriptures of India. That On a visit to Benares with his mother, four- knowledge and his deep understanding of Ve- teen-year-old Tallapragada met a yogi who initiated him into Brahmavidya, a form of yoga dantic philosophy helped Blavatsky make the transition from her western esoteric orienta- based on the Upanishads. For the rest of his tion, evident in Isis Unveiled, to the strong life Subba Row performed the prescribed daily eastern orientation that took shape in her mon- prayers and meditations. umental work The Secret Doctrine. Subba Row T. Subba Row showed no particular talents in told his mother that Blavatsky was a “great high school, but he soon blossomed academi- Yogi, and that he had seen many strange phe- cally. He rose to the top of his class at Madras nomena in her presence.”3 For her part, Blavat- Presidency College, where he earned a Bache- sky considered him to have greater occult lor of Arts degree in 1876. After passing the knowledge than herself. Bachelor of Law examination Subba Row joined a respected law firm and practiced for A rift developed after Blavatsky asked Subba Row to review her manuscript of The Secret ten years. He could probably have become a Doctrine. He found the work “diffuse and cha- prominent attorney or politician had he not otic” and did not feel able to evaluate it. But he developed “an irresistible attraction” to philos- 1 also questioned the wisdom of revealing so ophy. much occult knowledge to the masses. Blavat- Helena Blavatsky, along with Henry Olcott, sky left Adyar in March 1885 and completed president of the Theosophical Society, arrived The Secret Doctrine in Europe; it was pub- in India in 1878, initially settling in Bombay. lished three years later. She died in May 1891.4 Subba Row corresponded with Blavatsky early Despite their differences, Blavatsky never wa- in 1882 and persuaded the group to move the vered in her respect for Subba Row’s work. Society’s headquarters to Adyar, near Madras, She commented: “We know of no better au- on the southeast coast of India. He became the thority in India in anything concerning the eso- Society’s secretary, served on the General tericism of the Advaita Philosophy.” Council, and also served for a while as editor T. Subba Row contributed articles to The The- of The Theosophist. Olcott commented on osophist and gave lectures to the expanding Subba Row’s personal style: group of Theosophists at Adyar. Copies of his As a conversationalist he was most brilliant articles, transcripts of the lectures, and some and interesting; an afternoon’s sitting with unpublished material were collected into his him was as edifying as the reading of a sol- Esoteric Writings. The unpublished material, Copyright © The Esoteric Quarterly 67 The Esoteric Quarterly based on notes taken by students, came from Subba Row was familiar with the work of An- private instruction he gave to a select group of na Kingsford and her colleague Edward Mait- Theosophists, which included Charles Lead- land, whose work was grounded in the western beater and Alfred Cooper-Oakley. traditions of Hermeticism and Rosicrucianism. For a short time, Kingsford was president of Much of Subba Row’s work concerned Hindu- the London Lodge of the Theosophical Socie- ism and Buddhism. For example, he contrasted ty. A dispute ensued with notions of the septenary Sinnett on a number of constitution of man, The First Ray, according to issues, including the reli- discussed by Arthur P. Subba Row, sees God as a ability of Blavatsky’s Sinnett and which be- king, demanding worship; sources. She left the Soci- came the standard The- ety and, with Maitland, osophical model, with he linked it with Brahman- founded the Hermetic the four-body model ism and the Vedas. The Se- Society, a forerunner of discussed in Taraka the Order of the Golden Raja Yoga. While he cond Ray sees God as a Dawn. showed that Sinnett’s teacher and is linked with description was con- Buddhism. He also de- The Seven Rays sistent with Vedantic thought, he considered clared: “There is a Ray spe- Of particular interest is Subba Row’s involve- the fourfold description cially adapted to women; it ment in early teachings on “the best and the sim- 8 5 is sometimes called the the seven rays. Lead- plest.” Interestingly, beater studied under Sub- western esoteric sys- “body of love.” Its Logos is tems, like Rosicrucian- ba Row from the time he rather a female than a male. arrived in Adyar in 1884. ism, also favor a four- He described an incident when the Tibetan fold model of the human constitution. Master Djwhal Khul appeared to him, Cooper- Leadbeater, an influential member of the The- Oakley, and “a Hindu brother” at the Theo- osophical Society, and Annie Besant, the soci- sophical Society headquarters in Adyar.9 The ety’s second president, cited a comment on the Hindu brother is believed to have been Subba skin color of the human root races, probably Row. During the visitation, the Tibetan gave made during the private instructional sessions: them a table of the seven rays, which, decades “T. Subba Rao [sic] distinguished the Lemu- later, found its way into books by Leadbeater rians as blue-black, the Atlanteans as red- and his secretary Ernest Wood. That table is yellow, and the Aryans as brown-white.”6 believed to have been the first definitive in- T. Subba Row demonstrated considerable formation on the rays revealed to humanity in knowledge of western esotericism. He was modern times. familiar with Egyptian and Greek mythology T. Subba Row gave a series of lectures at and the writings attributed to Hermes Trisme- Adyar in 1886 to his select group of Theoso- gistus. In one article he discussed the claims phists. The lectures wove references to the made concerning the goddess Isis: seven rays into many aspects of traditional Isis is the mother of the Logos manifested Hindu and Buddhist thought. He spoke as if in the Cosmos, as the soul is the Virgin the rays and their qualities required no particu- mother of the regenerate spirit; Isis is the lar explanation. We do not know how much mother of Adonais, while the incarnated those in the audience understood, but perhaps soul is the mother of Christ; but the former the information provided by the Tibetan had alone is entitled to be called the Cosmic already been discussed among them. Virgin. [I]n the discourse of the Cosmic Subba Row declared that the seven rays “rep- Virgin to her divine son, we find a general resent the outflowing energy from the seven account of cosmic evolution.7 centers of force in the Logos.”10 He discussed 68 Copyright © The Esoteric Quarterly, 2012. Fall 2012 the characteristics expressed by logoi and written by a fellow of the Theosophical Socie- adepts as a result of their rays; and he stressed ty. The criteria were revised in 1891 to honor that “Every Initiate must find his own Ray.”11 anyone who made the most valuable contribu- He singled out the first two rays as being of tion of the year to Theosophical Literature. special importance: “[I]t is only the first two The first award under the new rules was made Rays that have ever given rise to universal re- to Besant four years later. Later recipients in- ligions.” He added: “In the case of the other cluded Rudolf Steiner, Jiddu Krishnamurti, five Rays, a man is merely concerned with his Ernest Wood, and Geoffrey Hodson. own particular Ray, but in the case of these first two every Adept will have to come under 12 the influence of every other Ray.” 1 Source: Theosophical Society, Adyar, India. The First Ray, according to Subba Row, sees Online: http://www.ts-adyar.org/content/t- subba-row-1856-1890. (Accessed June 12, God as a king, demanding worship; he linked it 2012.) with Brahmanism and the Vedas. The Second 2 Henry S. Olcott, “Death” The Theosophist, July Ray sees God as a teacher and is linked with 1890, 578. 13 Buddhism. He also declared: “There is a Ray 3 Ibid. specially adapted to women; it is sometimes 4 Josephine Ransom, A Short History of the Theo- called the “body of love.” Its Logos is rather a sophical Society: 1875–1937 (Adyar, India: female than a male. By contrast, he continued: Theosophical Publishing House, 1938), 222. 5 “I do not think there will even be a female T. Subba Row, “Buddhism and Ancient Wis- Adept of the First Ray, because it belongs en- dom-Religion,” Esoteric Writings ( Adyar, In- tirely to the positive pole.”14 dia: Theosophical Publishing House, 1895), 58- 59.