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Ethical Principles in Ethical Principles in Scientific Research Scientific Research and Publications
Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology Library ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN SCIENTIFIC LectureRESEARCH author AND PUBLICATIONSOnlineby © Emin Kansu,M.D.,FACP ESCMID ekansu@ada. net. tr Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY - HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY Ankara PRESENTATION • UNIVERSITY and RESEARCHLibrary • ETHICS – DEFINITION • RESEARCH ETHICS • PUBLICATIONLecture ETHICS • SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCTauthor • SCIENTIFIC FRAUD AND TYPES Onlineby • HOW TO PREVENT© UNETHICAL ISSUES • WHAT TO DO FOR SCIENTIFIC ESCMIDMISCONDUCTS Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID IMPACT OF TURKISH SCIENTISTS 85 % University – Based 1.78% 0.2 % 19. 300 18th ‘ACADEMIA’ UNIVERSITY Library AN INSTITUTION PRODUCING and DISSEMINATING SCIENCE Lecture BASIC FUNCTIONS author Online-- EDUCATIONby © -- RESEARCH ESCMID - SERVICESERVICE UNIVERSITY Library • HAS TO BE OBJECTIVE • HAS TO BE HONESTLecture AND ETHICAL • HAS TO PERFORM THEauthor “STATE-OF-THE ART” • HAS TO PLAYOnline THEby “ROLE MODEL” , TO BE GENUINE AND ©DISCOVER THE “NEW” • HAS TO COMMUNICATE FREELY AND HONESTLY WITH ALL THE PARTIES INVOLVED IN ESCMIDPUBLIC WHY WE DO RESEARCH ? Library PRIMARY AIM - ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE Lecture SECONDARY AIM author - TOOnline PRODUCEby A PAPER - ACADEMIC© PROMOTION - TO OBTAIN AN OUTSIDE SUPPORT ESCMID SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Library A Practice aimed to contribute to knowledge or theoryLecture , performed in disciplined methodologyauthor and Onlineby systematic approach© -
Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
GENE SILENCING BY DOUBLE STRANDED RNA Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2006 by Andrew Z. Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. I would like to thank the Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institutet for the opportunity to describe some recent work on RNA-triggered gene silencing. First a few disclaimers, however. Telling the full story of gene silencing would be a mammoth enterprise that would take me many years to write and would take you well into the night to read. So we’ll need to abbreviate the story more than a little. Second (and as you will see) we are only in the dawn of our knowledge; so consider the following to be primer... the best we could do as of December 8th, 2006. And third, please understand that the story that I am telling represents the work of several generations of biologists, chemists, and many shades in between. I’m pleased and proud that work from my labo- ratory has contributed to the field, and that this has led to my being chosen as one of the messengers to relay the story in this forum. At the same time, I hope that there will be no confusion of equating our modest contributions with those of the much grander RNAi enterprise. DOUBLE STRANDED RNA AS A BIOLOGICAL ALARM SIGNAL These disclaimers in hand, the story can now start with a biography of the first main character. Double stranded RNA is probably as old (or almost as old) as life on earth. -
ILAE Historical Wall02.Indd 10 6/12/09 12:04:44 PM
2000–2009 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 Tim Hunt Robert Horvitz Sir Peter Mansfi eld Barry Marshall Craig Mello Oliver Smithies Luc Montagnier 2000 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2007 2008 Arvid Carlsson Eric Kandel Sir Paul Nurse John Sulston Richard Axel Robin Warren Mario Capecchi Harald zur Hauser Nobel Prizes 2000000 2001001 2002002 2003003 200404 2006006 2007007 2008008 Paul Greengard Leland Hartwell Sydney Brenner Paul Lauterbur Linda Buck Andrew Fire Sir Martin Evans Françoise Barré-Sinoussi in Medicine and Physiology 2000 1st Congress of the Latin American Region – in Santiago 2005 ILAE archives moved to Zurich to become publicly available 2000 Zonismide licensed for epilepsy in the US and indexed 2001 Epilepsia changes publishers – to Blackwell 2005 26th International Epilepsy Congress – 2001 Epilepsia introduces on–line submission and reviewing in Paris with 5060 delegates 2001 24th International Epilepsy Congress – in Buenos Aires 2005 Bangladesh, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Nicaragua, Pakistan, 2001 Launch of phase 2 of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy Singapore and the United Arab Emirates join the ILAE in Geneva 2005 Epilepsy Atlas published under the auspices of the Global 2001 Albania, Armenia, Arzerbaijan, Estonia, Honduras, Jamaica, Campaign Against Epilepsy Kyrgyzstan, Iraq, Lebanon, Malta, Malaysia, Nepal , Paraguay, Philippines, Qatar, Senegal, Syria, South Korea and Zimbabwe 2006 1st regional vice–president is elected – from the Asian and join the ILAE, making a total of 81 chapters Oceanian Region -
Schedule of C Ourses
2020–2021 Schedule of Courses Schedule The David Rockefeller Graduate Program offers a multiple sclerosis); perception, cognition, and memory (autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease); consciousness (coma selection of courses, many of which students can and persistent vegetative state); mood (depression and anxiety); choose based on their interests and area of thesis motivation (addiction); sensation (pain); motor control (Parkinson’s research. Organized by Rockefeller faculty, and taught disease and ataxia); and trauma (brain or spinal cord injury and stroke). by scientists at the top of their fields, both from within Class length and frequency: Two-hour session, once weekly and outside of the university, these courses provide a Method of evaluation: Attendance, participation in the discussions, stimulating and dynamic curriculum that students can student presentations, and a final speculative paper relating a tailor to fit their personal goals, in consultation with disordered trait to a specific brain circuit the dean of graduate studies. Cell Biology SANFORD M. SIMON and SHAI SHAHAM Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, I & II This advanced course covering major topics in modern cell biology is GREGORY M. ALUSHIN, SETH A. DARST, SHIXIN LIU, and MICHAEL P. ROUT taught by faculty and visitors who are specialists in various disciplines. This course presents the fundamental principles of biochemistry Class length and frequency: Three-hour lecture, once weekly; and biophysics, with an emphasis on methodologies. In addition, two-hour discussion, twice weekly case studies are discussed, examining how physical and chemical methods have been used to establish the molecular mechanisms Prerequisite(s): Good knowledge of textbook cell biology of fundamental biological processes. -
Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates
Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates In December 1902, the first Nobel Prize was awarded in Stockholm to Wilhelm Roentgen, the discoverer of X-rays. Alfred Nobel (1833-96), a Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite, had bequeathed a $9 million endowment to fund significant cash prizes ($40,000 in 1901, about $1 million today) to those individuals who had made the most important contributions in five domains (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace); the sixth, in "Economic Sciences," was added in 1969. Nobel could hardly have imagined the almost mythic status that would accrue to the laureates. From the start "The Prize" became one of the most sought-after awards in the world, and eventually the yardstick against which other prizes and recognition were to be measured. Certainly the roster of Nobel laureates includes many of the most famous names of the 20th century: Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Mother Teresa, Winston Churchill, Albert Camus, Boris Pasternak, Albert Schweitzer, the Dalai Lama and many others. Nobel Prizes have been awarded to approximately 850 laureates of whom at least 177 of them are/were Jewish although Jews comprise less than 0.2% of the world's population. In the 20th century, Jews, more than any other minority, ethnic or cultural, have been recipients of the Nobel Prize. How to account for Jewish proficiency at winning Nobel’s? It's certainly not because Jews do the judging. All but one of the Nobel’s are awarded by Swedish institutions (the Peace Prize by Norway). The standard answer is that the premium placed on study and scholarship in Jewish culture inclines Jews toward more education, which in turn makes a higher proportion of them "Nobel-eligible" than in the larger population. -
2020– 2024 Strategic Plan
2020-2024 STRATEGIC PLAN Amy Shyer, head of the Laboratory of Morphogenesis, studies the mechanical forces and molecular A new plan is intended to cues that guide tissue formation maximize the university’s in a developing embryo. She was scientific impact over the recruited to Rockefeller in 2018. next five years A five-year strategic plan for the university, developed in 2019, sets Investing in the most audacious and a course for new investments in faculty recruitment, technological original scientists in the world acquisitions, translational efforts, and other priorities between 2020 and 2024. The plan, titled “The Convergence of Science and Medicine,” The plan calls for maintaining the open-search process that has was approved by the Board of Trustees at its November 6 meeting. driven tenure-track faculty recruitment over the past decade. A The plan’s development was overseen by President Richard P. Lifton, second key goal is the appointment of new mid-career faculty in two who led a committee of faculty members and administrators through areas: computational biology and neurodegenerative disease. The a review of Rockefeller’s strengths, operations, and aspirations. The pace of hiring will be consistent with past practice: one to two new convergence of basic science, clinical medicine, and therapeutic heads of laboratory per year, maintaining the number of heads of discovery has set the stage for exceptional advances, says Lifton, laboratory at around 75. The plan also underscores the university’s and the plan will build on the technological breakthroughs of the last continued commitment to the recruitment of exceptional graduate decade to lead a new revolution in the development of novel medicine. -
Close to the Edge: Co-Authorship Proximity of Nobel Laureates in Physiology Or Medicine, 1991 - 2010, to Cross-Disciplinary Brokers
Close to the edge: Co-authorship proximity of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, 1991 - 2010, to cross-disciplinary brokers Chris Fields 528 Zinnia Court Sonoma, CA 95476 USA fi[email protected] January 2, 2015 Abstract Between 1991 and 2010, 45 scientists were honored with Nobel prizes in Physiology or Medicine. It is shown that these 45 Nobel laureates are separated, on average, by at most 2.8 co-authorship steps from at least one cross-disciplinary broker, defined as a researcher who has published co-authored papers both in some biomedical discipline and in some non-biomedical discipline. If Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine and their immediate collaborators can be regarded as forming the intuitive “center” of the biomedical sciences, then at least for this 20-year sample of Nobel laureates, the center of the biomedical sciences within the co-authorship graph of all of the sciences is closer to the edges of multiple non-biomedical disciplines than typical biomedical researchers are to each other. Keywords: Biomedicine; Co-authorship graphs; Cross-disciplinary brokerage; Graph cen- trality; Preferential attachment Running head: Proximity of Nobel laureates to cross-disciplinary brokers 1 1 Introduction It is intuitively tempting to visualize scientific disciplines as spheres, with highly produc- tive, well-funded intellectual and political leaders such as Nobel laureates occupying their centers and less productive, less well-funded researchers being increasingly peripheral. As preferential attachment mechanisms as well as the economics of employment tend to give the well-known and well-funded more collaborators than the less well-known and less well- funded (e.g. -
Center for Cancer Research
CENTER FOR CANCER RESEARCH Annual Report 2018-2019 Light blue staining shows activated STAT5 in luminal mammary epithelial cells, which is required for terminal differentiation, and the absence of which may be an early step in breast cancer progression. Image created by Nicole Forster PhD Ellisen Laboratory The image is an Immunofluorescence image from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from a human patient with an homozygous mutation in the chromatin factor SIRT6. The iPS cells were forced to differentiate into neural progenitors cells, and stained with a neural marker (Nestin-green) and an early embryo marker (Sox2-red). Note that Sox2 is still expressed in these cells (normal NPCs silenced Sox2 at this stage). Image Credit: Christina Ferrer Motoslavsky Laboratory Glioblastoma tumor cells (green) by surrounded and lysed by CAR T cells (red). Image acquired by Ana Castano, MD in Maus lab. Maus Laboratory Multispectral image of a tumor specimen from a head and neck patient. Image courtesy of Joao Oliveira Da Costa, PhD Stott Laboratory Indirect immunofluorescence image of a human RPE-1 exiting mitosis with several missegregation events. Cell was stained for microtubules (red), centromeres (green) and DNA (blue). Image credit: Lilian Kabeche, PhD Zou Laboratory Use of X chromosome reporter to isolate male and female blastocysts for subsequent methylation analysis. Depicted are blastocysts from a cross between male mice carrying an X-linked GFP reporter and wild-type female mice. GFP-positive blastocysts are female while GFP-negative blastocysts are male. Image credit: Jiho Choi Hochedlinger Laboratory CONTENTS Scientific Advisory Board .............................................................................................................................................................. ii Jonathan Kraft Prize / The Annual MGH Award in Cancer Research .............................................................................. -
The Nobel Prize in Physiology Or Medicine 2006
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 Craig C. Mello, PhD The Magazine of The University of Massachusetts Medical School fall/winter 2006, Vol. 29 No. 1 L., the plural of life The name of this magazine encompasses the lives of those who make up the University of Massachusetts Medical School community, for which it is published. They are students, faculty, staff, alumni, volunteers, benefactors and others who aspire to help this campus achieve national distinction in education, research and public service. As you read about this dynamic community, you’ll frequently come across references to partners and programs of UMass Medical School (UMMS), the Commonwealth of Massachusetts’ only public medical school, educating physicians, scientists and advanced practice nurses to heal, discover, teach and care, compassionately. Commonwealth Medicine UMass Medical School’s innovative public service initiative that assists state agencies to enhance the value and quality of expenditures and improve access and delivery of care for at-risk and uninsured populations. The Research Enterprise UMass Medical School’s world-class investigators, who make discoveries in basic science and clinical research and attract over $175 million in funding annually. UMass Memorial Foundation The charitable entity that supports the academic and research enterprises of UMass Medical School and the clinical initiatives of UMass Memorial Health Care by forming vital partnerships between contributors and health care professionals, educators and researchers. www.umassmed.edu/foundation UMass Memorial Health Care The clinical partner of UMass Medical School and the Central New England region’s top health care provider and employer. www.umassmemorial.org Contents News and Notes 4 Features 7 Grants and Research 21 Alumni Report 23 The Last Word 28 The Nobel Prize Comes to UMass Medical School 2 Professor Craig Mello, PhD, and his collaborator Andrew Fire, PhD, of Stanford University School of Medicine, are co-recipients of the 2006 award in medicine. -
Celebrating 40 Years of Rita Allen Foundation Scholars 1 PEOPLE Rita Allen Foundation Scholars: 1976–2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS ORIGINS From the President . 4 Exploration and Discovery: 40 Years of the Rita Allen Foundation Scholars Program . .5 Unexpected Connections: A Conversation with Arnold Levine . .6 SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Pioneering Pain Researcher Invests in Next Generation of Scholars: A Conversation with Kathleen Foley (1978) . .10 Douglas Fearon: Attacking Disease with Insights . .12 Jeffrey Macklis (1991): Making and Mending the Brain’s Machinery . .15 Gregory Hannon (2000): Tools for Tough Questions . .18 Joan Steitz, Carl Nathan (1984) and Charles Gilbert (1986) . 21 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Robert Weinberg (1976): The Genesis of Cancer Genetics . .26 Thomas Jessell (1984): Linking Molecules to Perception and Motion . 29 Titia de Lange (1995): The Complex Puzzle of Chromosome Ends . .32 Andrew Fire (1989): The Resonance of Gene Silencing . 35 Yigong Shi (1999): Illuminating the Cell’s Critical Systems . .37 SCHOLAR PROFILES Tom Maniatis (1978): Mastering Methods and Exploring Molecular Mechanisms . 40 Bruce Stillman (1983): The Foundations of DNA Replication . .43 Luis Villarreal (1983): A Life in Viruses . .46 Gilbert Chu (1988): DNA Dreamer . .49 Jon Levine (1988): A Passion for Deciphering Pain . 52 Susan Dymecki (1999): Serotonin Circuit Master . 55 Hao Wu (2002): The Cellular Dimensions of Immunity . .58 Ajay Chawla (2003): Beyond Immunity . 61 Christopher Lima (2003): Structure Meets Function . 64 Laura Johnston (2004): How Life Shapes Up . .67 Senthil Muthuswamy (2004): Tackling Cancer in Three Dimensions . .70 David Sabatini (2004): Fueling Cell Growth . .73 David Tuveson (2004): Decoding a Cryptic Cancer . 76 Hilary Coller (2005): When Cells Sleep . .79 Diana Bautista (2010): An Itch for Knowledge . .82 David Prober (2010): Sleeping Like the Fishes . -
Contributions of Civilizations to International Prizes
CONTRIBUTIONS OF CIVILIZATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL PRIZES Split of Nobel prizes and Fields medals by civilization : PHYSICS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CHEMISTRY .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 PHYSIOLOGY / MEDECINE .............................................................................................................................................. 3 LITERATURE ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 MATHEMATICS (Fields) .................................................................................................................................................. 5 PHYSICS Occidental / Judeo-christian (198) Alekseï Abrikossov / Zhores Alferov / Hannes Alfvén / Eric Allin Cornell / Luis Walter Alvarez / Carl David Anderson / Philip Warren Anderson / EdWard Victor Appleton / ArthUr Ashkin / John Bardeen / Barry C. Barish / Nikolay Basov / Henri BecqUerel / Johannes Georg Bednorz / Hans Bethe / Gerd Binnig / Patrick Blackett / Felix Bloch / Nicolaas Bloembergen -
Lasker Foundation 2019 Annual Report
Annual ALBERT AND MARY Report L ASKER FOUNDATION 2019 Annual Report 2019 1 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT & CHAIR OUR MISSION To improve health by accelerating support for medical research through recognition of research excellence, Communicating advocacy, and education. the Importance of Supporting Medical Research The Lasker Foundation celebrates the power of medical research, from fundamental science to initiatives expanding access to clinical advances. This year’s awards — serendipitously, all in the field of immunology — highlight this range. Max D. Cooper and Jacques Miller received the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award for delineating the organizing principle of the adaptive immune system and launching the course of modern immunology. H. Michael Shepard, Dennis J. Slamon, and Axel Ullrich were awarded the Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their invention of Herceptin® (trastuzumab), the first monoclonal antibody that blocks a cancer- causing protein, and for its development as a life-saving cancer therapy. The Lasker~Bloomberg Public Service Award was given to Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, for providing sustained access to childhood vaccines around the globe, saving millions of lives, and highlighting the power of vaccination to prevent disease. By shining a light on important advances, the Lasker Awards help us communicate to an international audience how scientific breakthroughs benefit us all. To accelerate support for science, we must ensure our message reaches all constituencies, including the public, scientists, policymakers, and donors. Lasker’s partnerships and programs also help achieve this goal. For example, our annual Public Lecture series connects accomplished scientists to the public to promote the understanding and the promise of biomedical science.