Ecotones and Species Diversity Global Surveillance Network For CO2

Science Vol. 305:1923, 2004

NASA photo: false colors

The Sulfur Cycle

More Biogeochemical Cycles

The Sulfur Cycle Some Naturally Occurring Forms of Sulfur

Amino Acids

Methionine

Cystiene

Dimethyl sulfide A Two Story High Cake Of Pure Sulfur!

1 The Sulfur Cycle The Sulfur Cycle

Mt. St Helens is about to Blow its top again!

Vent Life Black Smoker

Sulfur Biogases Sulfate in Rain: Sources Sea-salt sulfate Hydrogen sulfide - H S 2 Anthropogenic SO2 - industrial and automobiles Carbon disulfide - CS2 Biogenic reduced S gases Carbonyl Sulfide - COS Volcanic emissions Methyl mercaptan - CH3SHS Forest Burning Dimethyl Sulfide - CH3SCHS 3 Soil dust Dimethyl Disulfide - CH3SSCHSS 3 Plant aerosols

The Sulfur Cycle The Sulfur Cycle Phytoplankton bloom

Clouds: earth’s thermostat

Luke Howard

Dimethyl sulfide

Coccolithic phytoplankton Cloud Formation

http://www.inclouds.com/

2 backscatter reflection of solar radiation

SO4 Cloud CCN Required reading: aerosols Albedo

light air oxidation temperature ocean oxidation Algal www.puffythecloud.org DMS DMSO DMSP

microbial transformation grazing, free lysis etc. Bacterial DMSP Consumption

www.atmosphere.mpg.de/ enid/on.html

Sources of Oil Contamination of the Ocean History of Ocean Oil Spills

What is wrong with this picture?

No clouds!

Courtesy NASA

3 The Sulfur Cycle The Sulfur Cycle

Courtesy: EPA

The Earth At Night Acid Rain And Deposition

Most energy generating systems that utilize fossil

fuels put significant amounts of SO2 into the atmosphere.

Deforestation-Reforestation Forest Damage Due To Acid Rain

The George Washington National Forest, now a national treasure, was once"the land nobody wanted". It was formed as a result of the Weeks Law of 1911, which authorized the purchase or exchange of private lands, primarily in the east. Its original intent was to protect water and water supplies that had been damaged by abuse during the earlier settlement and industrial period.

4 Effects Of Acid Deposition On Trees The Nitrogen Cycle Emissions

Acid Deposition SO NO O3 2 x

Increased susceptibility To insects, Direct damage to Reduced drought, cold, leaves and bark photosynthesis Mosses, infectious diseases

Soil acidification Tree death

From: G.T. Miller. Living In The Environment. 2004

The Nitrogen Cycle*

Corn is not a legume Ultrastructure of root nodule bacteria Root nodules

*what is wrong with this picture?

Nitrogen Cycle

Products: ammonia and amino acids

5 Hydrological Cycle

H2O H2O H2O

H2OH2O

H2O

Hydrological Cycle Hydrological Cycle

Courtesy: UNESCO

Physical Determinants Of Ecosystems Hydrological Cycle Mean Daily Mean Daily Temperature

from Miller, Living In The Environment Thompson Pub. Annual Precipitation

6 Annual Mean Precipitation Ecozones

Nature Is “Re-shufflingThe Deck” As The Environment Changes

Courtesy NASA

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