Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan
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MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Copyright FAZILDINOVA SEVARA ESSENTIAL PECULIARITIES OF LITERARY TRANSLATION FROM UZBEK INTO ENGLISH (ON THE MATERIALS OF “ ALEXANDER’S WALL” BY ALISHER NAVOI) Specialization: 5А220102 – Linguistics D I S S E R T A T I O N Claiming for Master’s Degree in Linguistics The work has been considered Scientific Adviser and admitted for defense. Head of the Chair ―English Obrueva G. Phonetics‖ Obrueva G.__________ ________‖____‖ 2015 SAMARKAND -2015 Contents Introduction Chapter I. Translation of literary Prose.......................................................10-14 1.1. Problems in Translating Literary Prose.................................................15-18 1.2. Solutions for the Translators of Literary Prose.....................................19-26 1.3. Ambiguity of the process of translation................................................26-28 1.4.Style as a Specific Problem of Literary Translation.............................28-43 Conclusion to the Chapter I………………………………………………..44-45 Chapter II.Alisher Navoi and his literary heritage......................................46-47 2.1. Alisher Navoi - a Turkichumanistic poet.............................................47-50 2.2.―Hamsa‖ – as the peak of Navoi‘s poetic creation................................50-55 2.3. The fifth epic-poem Alexander‘s Wall................................................56-59 Conclusion to the Chapter II……………………………………………...59-60 Chapter III.Analysis of the translation of Navoi's epic poem "Saddi Iskandari"Lexical problems of translation from Uzbek into English.................................60-61 3.1.The techniques of translating culture-specific words used in ―Alexander‘s wall‖……………………………………………………………61-67 3.2.The techniques of translations of Proper nouns used in ―Alexander‘s wall‖from Uzbek into English ………………………………………………69-75 3.3.The translations of binomial pairs used in ―Alexander‘s wall‖ into English…………………………………………………………………………75-83 Conclusion………………………………………………………………...83-87 List of the literatures……………………………………………………88-105 Introduction With the integration of independent Uzbekistan into the world community the need to make the world acquainted with the Uzbek culture and Uzbek arts has risen. Islam Karimov, the President of Uzbekistan, once highlighted that "the individual is the main target of the radical transformation. A harmoniously developed generation is the basis for progress in Uzbekistan".1 It is well-known that setting up a free, prosperous, democratic society is impossible without changing consciousness and that those changes can only be made through education. To accomplish this, Radical reforms of the educational system is necessary to accomplish this. The adoption of the Presidential Decree 18-75 on December 10, 2012 was one of the steps towards bringing up a harmoniously developed generation. Create opportunities for the talented Uzbek youth to have all opportunities and possibilities of learning the global achievements in science and culture. Looking forward to globalization of the market, Uzbekistan is focused on the preparation of fully trained professionals able to work at the international level. Translation used to be considered an inter-language transfer of meaning, which is the point of departure for research and study. Many earlier definitions demonstrate this, using source language and target language as their technical terms. Moreover, translation theories strictly confined themselves within the sphere of linguistics. For many years the popular trend in the translation circles had been perfect faithfulness to the original both in content and in form and it had been regarded as the iron criterion. The godly status and the impossible idealistic belief were not altered until new thoughts arose with the respect of consideration of target readers, the unavoidable translator subjectivity and the purpose and function of translations. This thesis, starting to look from new angles such as the accommodation to target cultural conventions, the translator's consciousness of linguistic and cultural adaptations to make it easy for readers to understand 1И.А.Каримов. Гармонично развитое поколение - основа прогресса Узбекистана.- Т., 1997., с. 4-5. translated works without too much pain and effort, and translation as a purposeful endeavor. Translation is then understood as a much more complicated activity with a much broader scope. Translation of poetry was, and still is by some, believed as impossibility for any unfaithful elements would have been taken as failure, be it content or form. The arguments include linguistic elements and cultural elements. Most importantly the myth of untranslatability looks upon poetry as beauty itself which is untouchable for once it is touched it is destroyed. But as translation of poetry has never been stagnant though sometimes vigorous and sometimes not, there is strong evidence in both translation history and present day practice that poetic translation, a literary form as distinguished from fiction, drama, and prose, is translatable. Poetry itself serves a purpose, be it an illusive matter, and aesthetics can be reproduced in another language and culture if accommodation is made. It would be highly likely that the target readers would obtain rather similar if not the same aesthetic pleasure reading the translation as would the source readers reading the original poem. And this is, I believe, the only criterion in evaluating and assessing what is a successful piece of translation. Of course there are other functions of poetry like informative, didactic, cognitive, practical and even entertainment functions. The aesthetic function stays at the top of the list, though. In other words, if a translation fails to perform the aesthetic function it is in my eyes a bad translation, no matter how well the form is preserved. A word-for-word translation may be judged faithful in form, but it is failure in terms of the performance of functions. As aesthetics of one people influences them with different elements from that of another, accommodation in translation is of urgent necessity. Often loss or addition is made to achieve that end and sometimes only some elements are preserved while other elements are neglected. This is inevitable or there will be no translation, which means if one fears any loss or addition, one should learn to read the original always instead of reading the translated version. But how many of us can do that? The urgency of a theme of research follows that translation of art texts is one of the most complicated problems of translation. Prominent feature of fiction is display in each case of an individual art manner of the writer. Thus the manner of the writer is caused by its outlook, influence of an aesthetics of an epoch and literary school, lexical and grammatical (in particular, syntactic) means of language and their parities with each other. Individual style of the writer includes use of the certain speech styles of public language. Its unity gives in to a partition on elements already by way of the stylistic analysis (both the original, and translation in its parity with the original). The specific area within the limits of fiction is made with the poetry having the genres. Specificity of each of literary genres with characteristic for them speech styles is reflected in requirements to translation. The big role is played with conditions of speech style of that language on which translation is done. If while translating the structure of a phrase and a dictionary – material word meaning in dialogue of the novel or a drama too precisely corresponds to the original, very easily there is an impression of much more book painting of speech, than it actually takes place in the original. What is poetry? Usually the answer is something like that: ―a shot literature work with personal character, separated on lines.‖ Does it suit? It is always difficult to give a definition in literature. Everything personal and important always tries to escape from that kind of scientific speech, which helps us to involve all points of view from that subject. Perhaps, we should have said, that poetry is a responsible attempt of putting us into personal understanding of this world by literary composition; What distinguishes poetry from all other documents submitted in writing? Most of explorers would say ―nothing‖, all of these are texts: poetry, philosophical treatise or newspaper. But only people, who read thick scientific magazines, are interested in that, because poetry really seems to be something different. Even if we take into account that it can be both poetry and prose, we name them different because they touch our souls. Poetry is that kind of art which gives us world description, expresses, excites emotions and joy. Poetry can be named the art of unspoken and implicit. What does original poetry texts exist for? Of course for ensuring spiritual contact between the author and the reader, even if they are separated by ages. What does translated poetry texts exist for? May be for realizing much more difficult communicative process – spiritual contact between the author and readers. "One of the best inspirational poets I have found is a Central Asian from the 15th century named Alisher Navoi. His name Navo‘i literally means ‗the owner of singing‘", says Gary Dyck in his article "Why our world needs poets like Alisher Navoi". Alisher Navoi lived from 1441 to 1501