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Frank Lloyd Wright Moderne Häuser Frank Lloyd Wright Moderne Häuser FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT MODERNE HÄUSER FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT MODERNE HÄUSER Fotos von Alan Weintraub | Text von Alan Hess Mit Beiträgen von John Zukowsky und Monica Ramírez-Montagut Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Moderne Häuser Für Michael Duté – AW 50 Haus Liliane und Edgar J. Kaufmann 1935 204 Haus Nathan und Jeanne Rubin 1952 Für Jonathan, Emma, und Familie – AH 62 Haus Herbert und Katherine Jacobs I 1936 206 Haus R. W. Lindholm 1952 66 Haus Herbert Johnson 1937 210 Haus Jorgine Boomer 1952 74 Taliesin West 1938 212 Haus Andrew und Maude Cooke 1953 84 Haus C. Leigh Stevens 1939 214 Haus Harold Price Jr. 1953 100 Haus Stanley und Mildred Rosenbaum 1939 220 Haus William Thaxton 1953 104 Haus Goetsch-Winckler 1939 222 Haus Gloria Bachman und Abraham Wilson 1954 108 Haus George Sturges 1939 230 Haus Maurice und Margaret Greenberg 1954 114 Haus Clarence Sondern 1939 234 Haus Harold Price Sr. 1954 Aus dem Englischen übersetzt 118 Haus Gregor und Elizabeth Affleck 1940 238 Haus Cedric und Patricia Boulter 1954 von Cornelius Brand mit Agnes Riedel INHALT 122 Haus Lowell und Agnes Walter 1945 242 Haus Gerald Tonkens 1954 128 Haus Sara und Melvyn Smith 1946 248 Haus Elizabeth und William Tracy 1954 1. Auflage 8 Frank Lloyd Wright: Moderne Häuser 134 Haus Herman T. Mossberg 1946 254 Haus John Rayward 1955 Copyright © der deutschsprachigen Ausgabe 2009 Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, München, Von Alan Hess 140 Haus Mrs. Clinton Walker 1948 262 Haus Harriet und Randall Fawcett 1955 in der Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH 40 150 Haus Katherine und Maynard Buehler 1948 264 Haus H. und Dorothy Turkel 1955 Titel der englischen Originalausgabe: Frank Lloyd Wright und der Zweite Weltkrieg Frank Lloyd Wright. Mid-Century Modern Von John Zukowsky © 2007 Rizzoli International Publications, New York 154 Haus J. Willis Hughes 1949 270 Haus Maximilian Hoffman 1955 Alle Rechte vorbehalten 44 Die überschwenglichen Fünfziger: 158 Haus Henry Neils 1949 276 Haus Donald und Virginia Lovness 1955 Abbildung auf der Umschlagvorderseite: Wright und das Guggenheim Haus Wilbur Pearce 164 Haus Anne und Eric Brown 1949 284 Haus Theodore und Bette Pappas 1955 Abbildung auf der Umschlagrückseite: Von Monica Ramírez-Montagut Haus Goetsch-Winckler 168 Haus Wilbur Pearce 1950 288 Haus Llewellyn und Elizabeth Wright 1956 Vorsätze: Haus Llewellyn Wright 48 Seite 2: Ferienhaus Seth Condon Peterson Moderne Häuser 170 Haus Don und Mary Lou Schaberg 1950 294 Haus Allen Friedman 1956 Seite 6/7: Haus Raymond Carlson Seite 48/49: Haus C. Leigh Stevens 330 Die Einfamilienhäuser Frank Lloyd Wrights der Zeit von 174 Haus R. Bradford und Ina Harper 1950 298 Marshall Erdman Prefabricated Homes 1957–1961 Seite 336: Haus Arch Obeler 1933 bis 1961 178 Haus Robert und Gloria Berger 1950 306 Haus Robert und Mary Walton 1957 Gestaltung: Zand Gee Satz der deutschen Ausgabe: Boer Verlagsservice, Grafrath 332 Literatur 182 Haus William und Mary Palmer 1950 310 Haus Paul und Helen Olfelt 1958 Printed and bound in China 188 Haus Karl Staley 1950 314 Haus George und Millie Ablin 1958 ISBN 978-3-421-03720-6 333 Anmerkungen www.dva.de 192 Haus Russell und Ruth Kraus 1950 320 Haus Don Stromquist 1958 334 Register 196 Haus Roland und Ronny Reisley 1951 324 Ferienhaus Seth Condon Peterson 1958 200 Haus Gabrielle und Charlcey Austin 1951 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT : MODERNE HÄUSER Von Alan Hess Fallingwater ist nur die Spitze des Eisbergs. nicht übersehen, doch wurden andere Ent- wenn es zutrifft, dass Wright in seinen ge- würfe dieser Periode eher skeptisch aufge- schäftigen letzten Jahrzehnten häufig auf un- Mit dem Bau seines berühmtesten Hauses, nommen. Einige glaubten, der »Barde von Ta- gebaute Entwürfe seiner mittleren Jahrzehn- das über einem Flüsschen in den Wäldern liesin« sei zu weit gegangen, er sei seinem te, in denen er als Architekt isoliert war, Pennsylvanias thront, gelang Frank Lloyd Ego und den Schmeicheleien unterlegen und zurückgriff, sind die Energie und die Vorstel- Wright 1935, nach zwei Jahrzehnten relativer habe jegliche Disziplin verloren. So wurden lungskraft der entstandenen Werke bewun- Zurückgezogenheit, die Rückkehr ins Ram- die innovativsten Entwürfe Wrights von den dernswert.1 penlicht der architektonischen Welt. In den Kritikern eher zurückgewiesen oder still- In unserem Zusammenhang werden wir die verbleibenden zwei Jahrzehnten seines Le- schweigend ignoriert, auch wenn die Großar- Einschätzung der späteren Arbeiten Wrights bens konnte er sich nicht nur eines wachsen- tigkeit seiner besten Werke weiterhin aner- auf seine Wohnhausentwürfe beschränken. den Vermögens, sondern auch wachsender kannt wurde. Wir sollten uns jedoch davor Welches von ihnen ist das wichtigste? Ist es Berühmtheit erfreuen, und – das war das hüten, Teile des Werks eines so wandelbaren eins unter den Dutzenden von Usonian-Häu- Wichtigste für ihn – er hatte endlich genü- Künstlers als unwichtig abzutun. sern, die sich über ganz Amerika verteilen, je- gend Bauaufträge, um seine Ideen zu verwirk- Womit sich die Kritiker damals schwer taten, ner Häuser von bescheidener Größe mit ih- lichen. Beinahe über Nacht überschütteten waren Ansammlungen von Kreisen, Spiralen, rem offenen Wohn-, Ess- und Kochbereich, ihn Autoren, Architekten und Kritiker nur so weiten Auskragungen, Türmen und anderen die dem neuen legeren Lebensstil der ameri- mit Lob. Bauherren aus aller Welt strömten zu merkwürdigen Formen, wie man sie bei dem kanischen Mittelklasse eine kultivierte Form ihm, um ihm Aufträge zu erteilen, und seine Marin County Civic Center, der Beth Shalom verliehen? Oder ist sein bedeutendstes Werk Ansichten über Architektur inspirierten Hun- Synagoge, dem Grady Gammage Auditorium, eins der prachtvollen Anwesen wohlhabender derte anderer Architekten. Was Wright jedoch Auldbrass und bei den Häusern David Wright Klienten? Ist Fallingwater großartiger als am meisten Genugtuung verschaffte, war, und Sol Friedman findet sowie bei einigen un- Wingspread? Passt Auldbrass in seinem ar- dass sowohl Freunde als auch Gegner seiner gebauten Entwürfen wie dem Donahoe-Trip- chitektonischen Ausdruck besser zur umge- Architektur ihn nun nicht länger ignorieren tychon-Haus und dem Huntington Hartford benden Sumpflandschaft als Eaglefeather konnten. Play Resort. Von herkömmlichen architektoni- zum Küstengebirge? Jedes dieser großarti- In den mehr als zwanzig Jahren bis zu seinem schen Meilensteinen der Mitte des zwanzigs- gen Häuser verkörpert eine eigene Idee und Tod 1959 sollte er einige der erstaunlichsten ten Jahrhunderts – Mies van der Rohes Sea- ästhetische Richtung, die gestalterisch per- Gebäude des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts ent- gram Building, das General Motors Technical fekt umgesetzt wurde. Oder sind die bedeu- werfen und bauen. Insbesondere das auf den Center von Eero Saarinen und auch Le Corbu- tendsten Bauten Wrights jene Häuser, die Zweiten Weltkrieg folgende Jahrzehnt war siers Chandigarh – waren diese Entwürfe weit den Wohlstand, die Technik und die Zukunfts- eine Zeit außerordentlicher architektonischer entfernt. Sie verkörperten eindringlich eine gläubigkeit der Jahrhundertmitte verkörpern? Erneuerungen, an denen Wright einen nicht völlig neue Geometrie, eine Ästhetik der Opu- Sind es seine Projekte zur Erforschung von unerheblichen Anteil hatte. Doch trotz all sei- lenz statt der Schlichtheit. Asbestzementplatten (»Cemesto«) in dreidi- ner Erfolge entfernte sich seine Architektur in Auch aus heutiger Sicht bleibt die Vielfältig- mensionalen Rahmenmodulen, seine Experi- den fünfziger Jahren langsam von den vor- keit und Frische von Wrights architektoni- herrschenden architektonischen Strömungen scher Spätphase schlichtweg erstaunlich. – er hatte sich schon immer gern in der »ge- Selbst die beiden Jahrzehnte seiner Prärie- rechten Minderheit« gesehen. Kreativität und haus-Periode zu Beginn des zwanzigsten Haus Jean und Paul Hanna (Honeycomb House), Palo Alto, Fantasie vieler seiner Entwürfe ließen sich Jahrhunderts können da nicht mithalten. Auch Kalifornien, 1936 8 ALAN HESS FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT: MODERNE HÄUSER 9 mente mit vorgefertigten Betonblöcken bei zur Natur verkörperten. Er begriff den Geist Wright nicht nur die Häuser, sondern auch die den Usonian-Automatic-Häusern, sein Einsatz seiner Zeit mit einer Vertrautheit, die den Straßen und Grundstücke gestaltete. Die von Schlackenzementsteinen oder seine Ent- meisten Elite-Architekten abging. Im Gegen- Galesburg- und die Parkwyn-Siedlung am würfe für vorgefertigte, massenproduzierbare zug liebte ihn sein Publikum, wenn er, das Ran de von Kalamazoo, Michigan, sind zwei Häuser? Sind es seine kreisförmigen oder ge- exzentrische Genie mit der selbstsicheren Fragmente von Broadacre City, die tatsächlich schwungenen Bauten, jene auf der Basis von Stimme eines Fernsehpropheten, die Nation gebaut wurden. Ihre Straßen folgen der natür- ausgeklügelten Dreiecksformen, Parallelo- mit geistreichem Witz wegen ihrer architekto- lichen Topografie der hügeligen Waldland- grammen oder von rechten Winkeln und Git- nischen Sünden und Schwächen rügte. Zei- schaft, und jedes Haus hat ausgedehnte Ra- terrastern? tungen und Fachzeitschriften zitierten ihn als senflächen und individuelle Ausblicke. Autorität oder tratschten wohlwollend über Das Konzept zu Broadacre City reicht bis in * * * seine neuesten Exzentrizitäten. Selbst der die dreißiger Jahre zurück, eine Zeit, in der Kongress hörte bei Gebäuden von nationaler Wright nur wenige Bauaufträge hatte. In sei- An dieser Schaffensperiode Wrights ist be- Bedeutung auf seine Meinung, zum Beispiel nen Entwürfen für diese ideale Stadt projizier- sonders
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