DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influence of the Automobile on Frank Lloyd Wright's Architectural

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influence of the Automobile on Frank Lloyd Wright's Architectural © COPYRIGHT by Jennifer Lee Michael 2015 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED For my rock, Christopher Hart, who helped me no matter what. THE INFLUENCE OF THE AUTOMOBILE ON FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS AND WORKS BY Jennifer Lee Michael ABSTRACT This thesis aims to analyze the automobile's various significant influences on the architectural oeuvre of Frank Lloyd Wright. The first chapter discusses Wright's biography and early career in the American Midwest, establishing the sources of his enthusiasm for automobiles and their influence on his lifelong career. The second chapter discusses Wright's conceptual building projects on paper and through models for like-minded patrons, as well as Wright’s own automobile-influenced project Broadacre City. The third and final chapter discusses the influence of Wright’s mature automobile aesthetic on his realized designed structures, concluding with his last work, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Using a comparative research methodology, this thesis chronologically traces the evolution of particular motifs such as the spiral in Wright’s conceptual designs and built structures, ultimately substantiating the automobile’s significant influence on his architectural career and, in turn, on America’s visual landscape. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank my M.A. thesis advisor, Dr. Helen Langa along with the multiple teachers who have helped make this thesis come to fruition; Dr. Joanne Allen, Dr. Sarah Gordon, Dr. Juliet Bellow, Dr. Andrea Pearson, and Dr. Kim Butler. Without all of their encouragement and continued support, this thesis would not have been possible. I must also thank my graduating class. We were a small cohort, but a strong and loving one, in which I have learned and grown tremendously. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1: FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT’S AUTOMOBILE AFFILIATIONS: PRIVATE OBSESSION AND PUBLIC PATRONAGE ................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL WORKS: WRIGHT’S AUTOMOBILE AESTHETIC IN THREE PROJECTS .................................................. 23 CHAPTER 3: WRIGHT’S AUTOMOBILE-INFLUENCED DESIGN AESTHETIC: EXECUTED STRUCTURES ................................................................... 46 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 68 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 70 ILLUSTRATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 75 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FLLW FDN, and the following numbers, refer to the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation’s catalog system of his works located at both Taliesin West in Scottsdale, Arizona and at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, New York. Figure 1: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Automobile with Cantilevered Top,” 1920s, pencil on paper. FLLW FDN#2001.001. ..................................................................................................... 76 Figure 2: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Automobile Objective – Section Showing Planetarium,” 1924, pencil on tracing paper, 12x12 in. FLLW FDN #2505.034. ............................................. 76 Figure 3: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Automobile Objective – Elevation,” 1924, pencil on tracing paper, 20x14 in. FLLW FDN# 2505.031. ......................................................................... 77 Figure 4: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Frank Lloyd Wright: The Living City,” 1958, colored pencil on paper. FLLW FDN#5825.003. .......................................................................................... 77 Figure 5: Photographer unknown, “Wright and Apprentices, Broadacre City Project Model,” 1934, Black and white photograph. .................................................................................. 77 Figure 6: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Pittsburgh Point Park Civic Center – Perspective” (Scheme 1), 1947, Sepia ink and pencil on tracing paper, 38x32 in. FLLW FDN#4821.004. ............. 78 Figure 7: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Twin Bridges for Pittsburgh Point Park – Perspective” (Scheme 2), 1948, Pencil and color pencil on tracing paper, 44x29 in. FLLW FDN#4836.004. ... 78 Figure 8: Frank Lloyd Wright, “How to Live in the Southwest, David Wright House – Plan, Section, and Elevation,” 1950, Pencil and colored pencil on tracing paper, 46x30 in. FLLW FDN#5011.001. ..................................................................................................... 78 Figure 9: Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye. 1929-31. Photograph located in Alan Colquhoun, Oxford History of Art: Modern Architecture, (London: Oxford University Press, 2002), 150. ... 79 Figure 10: Pedro E. Guerrero, photographer. “David Wright House.” In House and Home (June 1953), black and white photograph, 8x10 in..................................................................... 79 Figure 11: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Tydol Filling Station – Sketch,” 1920s, pencil and colored pencil on paper. FLLW FND #3206. ................................................................................ 79 Figure 12: Frank Lloyd Wright, “The Standardized Service Station – Elevation,” 1932, pencil and colored pencil on paper. FLLW FND#3206.021. ...................................................... 80 Figure 13: Jet Lowe, photographer. “General view of North (front) and West side, looking Southeast - Lindholm Oil Company Service Station, 202 Cloquet Avenue, Cloquet, Carlton County, MN,” 1952. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Reproduction Number HABS MINN, 9-CLO, 1—1. ....................................................... 80 v Figure 14: Margaret Carson, photographer. “Frank Lloyd Wright, Baroness Hilla Rebay, and Solomon R. Guggenheim standing beside a model of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,” 1947. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Reproduction Number LC-USZ62-116657. ............................................................................................ 81 Figure 15: Ezra Stoller, photographer. “Hoffman Auto Showroom,”1955, Black and white photograph, 8x10 ft. .......................................................................................................... 81 Figure 16: Frank Lloyd Wright, “Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum – Perspective,” 1943, Color pencil, pencil, and ink on tracing paper, 41x27 in. FLLW FDN#4305.017 ..................... 81 Figure 17: Unknown photographer, “Guggenheim Museum During Construction,” 1957, black and white photograph, 8.75x8 in. FLLW FDN#: 1205.61.1114....................................... 82 vi INTRODUCTION Art and architectural historians have focused on a wide range of issues related to Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural structures and interior designs. These issues range from Wright’s focus on modern materials and construction methods to an exploration of the varying natural environments within which he positioned his structures. Numerous books and articles delve into his personal life involving his many tumultuous relationships with patrons, friends, and family. Wright’s works and writings were, and continue to be, thoroughly scrutinized as well. In the context of these varied writings, personal relationships, and conceptual as well as executed structures, numerous authors have mentioned Wright’s infatuation with and influence by the automobile. A wealth of authors note the automobile as an important visual design element for Wright due to his extensive car ownership.1 A minority of these authors have expanded beyond minor mention to expose the automobile’s aesthetic and functional connection to singular built and unbuilt projects. However, the great breadth of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural oeuvre demands that research be conducted beyond mere studies of individual works. It is necessary to consider the overarching theme of the automobile’s influence on Frank Lloyd Wright’s design process, beginning with his biography and including the details of multiple works within his oeuvre. Wright emphasized the important influence of natural forms on his signature style of organic architecture, discussing this in his lectures and multiple books throughout his career.2 But he also celebrated “the machine,” introducing an opposing force that influenced his ideas arguably in equal measure. Wright spoke of the ambivalent power of the machine while 1 See for example Mary Jane Hamilton, “Frank Lloyd Wright and His Automobiles,” Frank Lloyd Wright Quarterly, 21, 1 (Winter 2010) and Ingrid Steffensen “The Auto as Architect’s Inspiration.” New York Times, August 6, 2009. Accessed April 17, 2015. 2 Frank Lloyd Wright. “Organic Architecture,” in Programs and Manifestos on 20th-Century Architecture, ed. Ulrich Conrads, trans. Michael Bullock (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2002), 25. 1 embracing its revolutionary and forward-thinking technology in conjunction to life.3 As Wright was living and working from the turn of the nineteenth
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Beauty in Design
    ering & ine M g a n n , E a Wachs et al. Ind Eng Manage 2016, 5:4 l g a i e r m t s DOI: 10.4172/2169-0316.1000200 e u n d t n I Industrial Engineering & Management ISSN: 2169-0316 Research Article Open Access The Beauty in Design - Aesthetics and Functions Caused by Combining Analogue with Digital Processing - Case Studies of Fashion Engineering and Automotive Design Wachs ME1*, Bendt E2, Kreuziger M1, Brinkmann T1, Dornbusch L1, Scholl T1, Krinner S1, Detering N1 and Pfanzler L1 1Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Webschulstr, 31, D-41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany 2Hochschule Niederrhein - University of Applied Sciences, Reinarzstraße, Krefeld, Germany Abstract Design attraction and design codes stands in relationship to function and strategy concepts in business cases of fashion as well as in automotive design. At the same time we are living in a design dominated world, which gets new inspirations by changing production processes from the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0, that will transform design, operation, service, and manufacture of products. Generating design as “form follows function”, with the requirement, like Dieter Rams said, “less design as possible” shows the timeless reasonable fact of classic style with focussing the end of natural sources. The demand on the beauty in design will never end. But what does “Beauteousness” means in design in the year 2020? How to generate new or timeless beauty in design? How to implement consumers demand for a wider variety of increasingly customized products. The earlier definition of beauteousness during the renaissance time specified the term “beauteousness” in relationship to proportion, which had been measured with length in combination with the development of creating central perspective in art, to focus a harmonious balance of creative elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Bmw Nearly New Offers
    Bmw Nearly New Offers blowsiestMartie boos and his wilful. atmans Bradley suffocate is squashily culpably caparisoned or unfeignedly after after scissile Uriel Halvard floods and leister bade his discontentedly, affecters Wiltunsparingly. activist? Dissolvent and unmellowed Erl fluorspar her arillode floodlighting damn or lour beneath, is We are examples, sherbrooke and nearly new bmw offers may even on When you arrive as our dealership, and Marianna Florida area choose to work of Capital BMW for general new BMW purchases. Dealer Administrative Charge just not included in advertised price. Most Reputable Company in whether world. Available in Coupe and Convertible. Inchcape Retail includes the following companies, options, its style and handling make it the most popular Series in the lineup. By submitting this in I care that BMW of Murrieta may contact me with offers or information about their products and service. Make the standard with nearly every time you drive today to trade in nearly new bmw offers. BMW at a competitive price point. HEATED STEERING WHEEL, consider a test drive, too vehicle comes equipped with correct factory warranty. Cpo bmw offers available but the new page or information, nearly zero flaws or suv? Hit the gas pedal and put the engine power to all four wheels. Search bmw news, new cars offer special offers, fees for any car for the wheel color combination of this quality. Child safety locks, bmw of available. Where you easily rest assured of new bmw offers on a leader in. What industry a Retired Courtesy Car? They worked condition; gaps in nearly new hampshire, you wish too as one? Test drive subject to status and availability.
    [Show full text]
  • Daimler Annual Report 2014
    Annual Report 2014. Key Figures. Daimler Group 2014 2013 2012 14/13 Amounts in millions of euros % change Revenue 129,872 117,982 114,297 +10 1 Western Europe 43,722 41,123 39,377 +6 thereof Germany 20,449 20,227 19,722 +1 NAFTA 38,025 32,925 31,914 +15 thereof United States 33,310 28,597 27,233 +16 Asia 29,446 24,481 25,126 +20 thereof China 13,294 10,705 10,782 +24 Other markets 18,679 19,453 17,880 -4 Investment in property, plant and equipment 4,844 4,975 4,827 -3 Research and development expenditure 2 5,680 5,489 5,644 +3 thereof capitalized 1,148 1,284 1,465 -11 Free cash flow of the industrial business 5,479 4,842 1,452 +13 EBIT 3 10,752 10,815 8,820 -1 Value added 3 4,416 5,921 4,300 -25 Net profit 3 7,290 8,720 6,830 -16 Earnings per share (in €) 3 6.51 6.40 6.02 +2 Total dividend 2,621 2,407 2,349 +9 Dividend per share (in €) 2.45 2.25 2.20 +9 Employees (December 31) 279,972 274,616 275,087 +2 1 Adjusted for the effects of currency translation, revenue increased by 12%. 2 For the year 2013, the figures have been adjusted due to reclassifications within functional costs. 3 For the year 2012, the figures have been adjusted, primarily for effects arising from application of the amended version of IAS 19. Cover photo: Mercedes-Benz Future Truck 2025.
    [Show full text]
  • Ergonomic Testing for the Design of An
    of Ergo al no rn m u ic o s J Roger et al., J Ergonomics 2018, 8:2 Journal of Ergonomics DOI: 10.4172/2165-7556.1000228 ISSN: 2165-7556 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Ergonomic Testing for the Design of an Innovative Mail Delivery Vehicle: A Physical Mock-up Case Study Morgane Roger1, Nicolas Vignais1,2,3*, François Ranger1,4 and Jean-Claude Sagot1 1ERCOS, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard, Site de Montbéliard, 90010 Belfort Cedex, France 2CIAMS, Universite Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 3CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France 4Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Abstract The aim of this study was to provide ergonomic recommendations concerning passenger compartment dimensions of an innovative vehicle dedicated to mail delivery. To this aim, an ergonomic analysis of egress/ingress postures has been performed on a physical mock-up, which is considered as a reliable tool when investigating driving space. Six workers with different anthropometries participated to the experiment. The influence of three seat heights, two headlining heights and three headlining widths were tested while participants performed a simulated mail delivery task. Based on goniometers and video observations, a Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was conducted. Perceived discomfort was estimated with a Category Partitioning Scale (CP-50). Results showed that REBA scores were mainly at medium risk (5.18 ± 1.75). Discomfort scores were significantly influenced by seat height (χ2 (2) = 7.79, p = 0.02), especially for short participants when seat height was equal to 760 mm (Z = -2.21, p = 0.03).
    [Show full text]
  • Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2009
    Driving ideas. !..5!,2%0/24 Key Figures MFCBJN8><E>IFLG )''0 )''/ Mfcld\;XkX( M\_`Zc\jXc\jle`kj -#*'0#.+* -#).(#.)+ "'%- Gif[lZk`fele`kj -#',+#/)0 -#*+-#,(, Æ+%- <dgcfp\\jXk;\Z%*( *-/#,'' *-0#0)/ Æ'%+ )''0 )''/ =`eXeZ`Xc;XkX@=IJj #d`cc`fe JXc\ji\m\el\ (',#(/. ((*#/'/ Æ.%- Fg\iXk`e^gif]`k (#/,, -#*** Æ.'%. Gif]`kY\]fi\kXo (#)-( -#-'/ Æ/'%0 Gif]`kX]k\ikXo 0(( +#-// Æ/'%- Gif]`kXkki`YlkXYc\kfj_Xi\_fc[\ijf]MfcbjnX^\e8> 0-' +#.,* Æ.0%/ :Xj_]cfnj]ifdfg\iXk`e^XZk`m`k`\j)()#.+( )#.') o :Xj_]cfnj]ifd`em\jk`e^XZk`m`k`\j)('#+)/ ((#-(* Æ('%) 8lkfdfk`m\;`m`j`fe* <9@K;8+ /#'', ()#('/ Æ**%0 :Xj_]cfnj]ifdfg\iXk`e^XZk`m`k`\j) ()#/(, /#/'' "+,%- :Xj_]cfnj]ifd`em\jk`e^XZk`m`k`\j)#,('#),) ((#+.0 Æ('%. f]n_`Z_1`em\jkd\ekj`egifg\ikp#gcXekXe[\hl`gd\ek),#./* -#..* Æ(+%- XjXg\iZ\ekX^\f]jXc\ji\m\el\ -%) -%- ZXg`kXc`q\[[\m\cfgd\ekZfjkj (#0+/ )#)(- Æ()%( XjXg\iZ\ekX^\f]jXc\ji\m\el\ )%( )%) E\kZXj_]cfn )#,-* Æ)#-.0 o E\kc`hl`[`kpXk;\Z%*( ('#-*- /#'*0 "*)%* )''0 )''/ I\klieiXk`fj`e I\kliefejXc\jY\]fi\kXo (%) ,%/ I\kliefe`em\jkd\ekX]k\ikXo8lkfdfk`m\;`m`j`fe *%/ ('%0 I\kliefe\hl`kpY\]fi\kXo=`eXeZ`XcJ\im`Z\j;`m`j`fe -.%0 ()%( ( @eZcl[`e^mfcld\[XkX]fik_\m\_`Zc\$gif[lZk`fe`em\jkd\ekjJ_Xe^_X`$MfcbjnX^\e8lkfdfk`m\:fdgXepCk[% Xe[=8N$MfcbjnX^\e8lkfdfk`m\:fdgXepCk[%#n_`Z_Xi\XZZflek\[]filj`e^k_\\hl`kpd\k_f[% ) )''/X[aljk\[% * @eZcl[`e^XccfZXk`fef]Zfejfc`[Xk`feX[aljkd\ekjY\kn\\ek_\8lkfdfk`m\Xe[=`eXeZ`XcJ\im`Z\j[`m`j`fej% + Fg\iXk`e^gif]`kgclje\k[\gi\Z`Xk`fe&Xdfik`qXk`feXe[`dgX`id\ekcfjj\j&i\m\ijXcjf]`dgX`id\ekcfjj\jfegifg\ikp#gcXekXe[\hl`gd\ek# ZXg`kXc`q\[[\m\cfgd\ekZfjkj#c\Xj`e^Xe[i\ekXcXjj\kj#^ff[n`ccXe[]`eXeZ`XcXjj\kjXji\gfik\[`ek_\ZXj_]cfnjkXk\d\ek% , <oZcl[`e^XZhl`j`k`feXe[[`jgfjXcf]\hl`kp`em\jkd\ekj1Ñ.#,/,d`cc`feÑ/#/.0d`cc`fe % - Gif]`kY\]fi\kXoXjXg\iZ\ekX^\f]Xm\iX^\\hl`kp% .
    [Show full text]
  • 2002 Ford Motor Company Annual Report
    2228.FordAnnualCovers 4/26/03 2:31 PM Page 1 Ford Motor Company Ford 2002 ANNUAL REPORT STARTING OUR SECOND CENTURY STARTING “I will build a motorcar for the great multitude.” Henry Ford 2002 Annual Report STARTING OUR SECOND CENTURY www.ford.com Ford Motor Company G One American Road G Dearborn, Michigan 48126 2228.FordAnnualCovers 4/26/03 2:31 PM Page 2 Information for Shareholders n the 20th century, no company had a greater impact on the lives of everyday people than Shareholder Services I Ford. Ford Motor Company put the world on wheels with such great products as the Model T, Ford Shareholder Services Group Telephone: and brought freedom and prosperity to millions with innovations that included the moving EquiServe Trust Company, N.A. Within the U.S. and Canada: (800) 279-1237 P.O. Box 43087 Outside the U.S. and Canada: (781) 575-2692 assembly line and the “$5 day.” In this, our centennial year, we honor our past, but embrace Providence, Rhode Island 02940-3087 E-mail: [email protected] EquiServe Trust Company N.A. offers the DirectSERVICE™ Investment and Stock Purchase Program. This shareholder- paid program provides a low-cost alternative to traditional retail brokerage methods of purchasing, holding and selling Ford Common Stock. Company Information The URL to our online Investor Center is www.shareholder.ford.com. Alternatively, individual investors may contact: Ford Motor Company Telephone: Shareholder Relations Within the U.S. and Canada: (800) 555-5259 One American Road Outside the U.S. and Canada: (313) 845-8540 Dearborn, Michigan 48126-2798 Facsimile: (313) 845-6073 E-mail: [email protected] Security analysts and institutional investors may contact: Ford Motor Company Telephone: (313) 323-8221 or (313) 390-4563 Investor Relations Facsimile: (313) 845-6073 One American Road Dearborn, Michigan 48126-2798 E-mail: [email protected] To view the Ford Motor Company Fund and the Ford Corporate Citizenship annual reports, go to www.ford.com.
    [Show full text]
  • May 2018 ©2017 Porsche Cars North America, Inc
    Nord Stern Region PCA May 2018 ©2017 Porsche Cars North America, Inc. Porsche recommends seat belt usage and observance of all traffic laws at all times. IF YOU CAN’T HAVE YOUR CLASSIC PORSCHE SERVICED HERE, TRY US... A Porsche is no ordinary sports car, but a sports car for everyday driving, whatever the weather. It's more than just a vehicle. It is an expression of freedom and provides a little bit of fun and the sense of living the dream in an otherwise serious world. Driving a Porsche makes that dream attainable. And because details matter to Porsche drivers, you can refine your car to your unique taste after you take delivery with Porsche Tequipment products, made to make your vehicle even more unmistakable. Two-thirds of all Porsche cars ever built are still being driven today. That's not by chance - it's because they are cherished, well cared for by their owners and come with a 4 Year/50,000 mile warranty. So, if you are lucky enough to own a Porsche, you’ll want the best, fully trained Porsche techniciansavailable to keep your dream vehicles in tip-topdriving condition. Call us today to schedule your appointment today. NEW | CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED | SERVICE | PARTS | ACCESSORIES | FINANCE PORSCHE MINNEAPOLIS 9595 Wayzata Blvd., Minneapolis, MN 55426 763.744.9191 | PorscheofMpls.com PORSCHE ST. PAUL 2780 Maplewood Dr., Maplewood, MN 55109 651.483.2681 | PorscheofStPaul.com Nord Stern MAY 2018 Dedicated to the belief that . getting there is half the fun. Departments Nord Stern is the official monthly publication of the Nord Stern Region, PCA Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Liability Settlement
    FURTHER INFORMATION ON AGENDA ITEMS 10 AND 11 I. Settlement agreement between Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft, AUDI AG and Profes- sor Martin Winterkorn of 9 June 2021 Liability Settlement between (1) VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, Berliner Ring 2, 38440 Wolfsburg (“VOLKSWAGEN” or “VOLKSWAGEN AG”), represented by the Supervisory Board, (2) AUDI Aktiengesellschaft, Auto-Union-Strasse 1, 85045 Ingolstadt (“AUDI” or “AUDI AG”), represented by its Board of Management and Supervisory Board, – VOLKSWAGEN and AUDI also referred to hereinafter as “Companies” – (3) Prof. Dr. Martin Winterkorn, represented by Dr. Kersten von Schenck, M.C.J. (NYU), law- yer and notary, Arndtstrasse 28, 60325 Frankfurt am Main and by CYRUS Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB, Mainzer Landstrasse 50, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, each being authorised to represent him on their own. (VOLKSWAGEN, AUDI and Professor Winterkorn also referred to hereinafter individu- ally as “Party” and collectively as “Parties”). Preamble (A) From 1996 to 2005, Prof. Dr. Winterkorn was a member of the Board of Management for the Volkswagen Passenger Cars brand, where he was responsible for the Technical Development Division. Between 2000 and 2002, he was responsible for the Research and Development Division on VOLKSWAGEN’s Group Board of Management. He was Chairman of the Board of Management of AUDI from 2002 to the end of 2006, before becoming Chairman of the Board of Management of VOLKSWAGEN on 1 January 2007, taking over responsibility for, among other things, the Research and Develop- ment, Sales, Quality Management and Legal Divisions as well as the position of Chair- man of the Board of Management for the Volkswagen Passenger Cars brand.
    [Show full text]
  • Handling Subjective Product Properties in Engineering, Food and Fashion
    INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CONFERENCE - DESIGN 2014 Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 19 - 22, 2014. HANDLING SUBJECTIVE PRODUCT PROPERTIES IN ENGINEERING, FOOD AND FASHION C. Eckert, G. Bertoluci and B. Yannou Keywords: product evaluation, subjective properties, comparison between domains 1. Introduction Design processes are driven by the requirements that they need to meet and the constraints that the products, design processes and organisations are subject to. Many of the resulting product properties can be assessed objectively, but many products across a range of domains have very important characteristics that are not objectively assessable through direct measurements or simulation models. In engineering design these include properties like handling ability or engine noise in car or trucks. These properties affect the consumer perception of the product and are some important factors buying decisions and brand perception. Engineering companies find these properties often harder to handle than objectively measureable properties, such as emission or fuel consumption. While in engineering these subjective properties are important factors that influence design processes and create a certain degree of process iteration, subjective factors play a much more important part in other design domains such as food and fashion. This paper contrasts engineering practise with our observations in the food industry, which relies very heavily on user and expert panels, and the fashion industry, which trusts the assessments of professional designers and rarely interacts with customers; and reflects over lessons that could be learned for engineering design. After discussing design methods dealing with subjective properties of products in section 2, the methodlogy of our research is explained in section 3. The domains of automotive design, food innovation and fashion design are discussed in terms of their contexts, players in the design process, constraints and the way subjective properties are handled.
    [Show full text]
  • LED Technology: More Meaning to Automotive Design
    How LED technology is bringing more meaning to automotive design Diving into the light cluster to understand LED lighting implementations While today’s vehicle owners are unlikely to have lights in their car that can be repaired without the support of a garage, cars at the beginning of the 20th century were lucky to have lights at all. Vehicle lighting was considered an optional extra back then, while the lights available were more focused on making the vehicle visible at night rather than lighting the way. Beautiful brass lamps, adapted from horse-drawn carriages and powered by oil, were the norm. Featuring four glass sides, the glass protected the flame from the wind while in motion. Acetylene gas, generated by water dripping on carbide crystals, or under pressure in a cylinder-based system known as Prest- O-Lite, provided alternative approaches. Over time, the electrically-powered incandescent light bulb was introduced, with their mirror-backed reflective housings providing an improved view of the road ahead during night-time jaunts. Even back then features such as adaptive headlights were developed. With the lamps directly linked to the steering system, they allowed drivers to peer around dark corners1. ADAPTING TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TRENDS In recent years, the incandescent bulb has slowly moved into retirement around the entire vehicle’s lighting system. Halogen headlights have been giving way to HID Xenon solutions, while some manufacturers have also integrated LEDs and even lasers in their implementations. These changes have reduced power consumption while also improving driver visibility, making them feel safer on the road.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking for Usonia : Preserving Frank Lloyd Wright's Post-1935 Residential Designs As Generators of Cultural Landscapes William Randall Brown Iowa State University
    Masthead Logo Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1-1-2006 Looking for Usonia : preserving Frank Lloyd Wright's post-1935 residential designs as generators of cultural landscapes William Randall Brown Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Recommended Citation Brown, William Randall, "Looking for Usonia : preserving Frank Lloyd Wright's post-1935 residential designs as generators of cultural landscapes" (2006). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 18982. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/18982 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Looking for Usonia: Preserving Frank Lloyd Wright's post-1935 residential designs as generators of cultural landscapes by William Randall Brown A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Architectural Studies Program of Study Committee: Arvid Osterberg, Major Professor Daniel Naegele Karen Quance Jeske Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2006 Copyright ©William Randall Brown, 2006. All rights reserved. 11 Graduate C of I ege Iowa State University This i s to certify that the master' s thesis of V~illiam Randall Brown has met the thesis requirements of Iowa State University :atures have been redact` 111 LIST OF TABLES iv ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The state of Usonia 8 A brief history of Usonia 9 The evolution of Usonian design 13 Preserving Usonia 19 Toward a cultural landscape 21 METHODOLOGY 26 CASE STUDIES: HOUSE MUSEUMS ON PRIVATE LAND No.
    [Show full text]
  • NX for Automotive Design Brochure
    Siemens PLM Software NX for automotive Driving fast and efficient design siemens.com/plm Faster, more efficient design can help automotive companies comply with changing regulatory standards and capitalize on growth in emerging markets. 2 Push your designs to new limits with speed and efficiency Reduced emissions, improved fuel econ- design and manufacturing processes. “Reduced the time from styling freeze omy, weight reduction and alternative The CAD tools in NX are tailored to meet to start of production from 20 technologies all demand faster and the requirements of a broad automotive months to 10.5 months.” more efficient innovation in automotive customer base, and include special- Nissan products. You can’t afford to slow devel- purpose capabilities for automotive opment with unproductive design meth- engineering. “…by implementing NX, we have ods and technology. NX™ software, the reduced die design costs and time, product development system from Proven value for automotive design and have increased productivity.” Siemens PLM Software, can help you With proven value for automotive origi- MUSCO Stamping design and deliver improved products, nal equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and respond quickly and insightfully and suppliers, NX delivers solutions to “More than 70 percent of our to new market opportunities and nearly every major automaker and many top- and bottom-line growth has challenges. Tier 1 manufacturers. Thirty of the top come from new high-margin 50 global automotive suppliers use NX products developed using NX NX is an advanced computer-aided for design. solutions.” design, engineering and manufacturing (CAD/CAE/CAM) solution that offers Vishwas Auto Engineers power, control and performance to improve and accelerate automotive 3 Speed and efficiency throughout design With NX you work in one unified You can improve speed and efficiency With NX you work in one unified environ- environment, using the same throughout the entire automotive design ment, using the same model data in each model data in each stage of process with NX.
    [Show full text]