At Work in the World
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Perspectives in Medical Humanities At Work in the World Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the History of Occupational and Environmental Health Edited by Paul D. Blanc, MD and Brian Dolan, PhD Page Intentionally Left Blank At Work in the World Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the History of Occupational and Environmental Health Perspectives in Medical Humanities Perspectives in Medical Humanities publishes scholarship produced or reviewed under the auspices of the University of California Medical Humanities Consortium, a multi-campus collaborative of faculty, students and trainees in the humanities, medi- cine, and health sciences. Our series invites scholars from the humanities and health care professions to share narratives and analysis on health, healing, and the contexts of our beliefs and practices that impact biomedical inquiry. General Editor Brian Dolan, PhD, Professor of Social Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of California, San Francisco (ucsf) Recent Monograph Titles Health Citizenship: Essays in Social Medicine and Biomedical Politics By Dorothy Porter (Fall 2011) Paths to Innovation: Discovering Recombinant DNA, Oncogenes and Prions, In One Medical School, Over One Decade By Henry Bourne (Fall 2011) The Remarkables: Endocrine Abnormalities in Art By Carol Clark and Orlo Clark (Winter 2011) Clowns and Jokers Can Heal Us: Comedy and Medicine By Albert Howard Carter iii (Winter 2011) www.medicalhumanities.ucsf.edu [email protected] This series is made possible by the generous support of the Dean of the School of Medicine at ucsf, the Center for Humanities and Health Sciences at ucsf, and a Multi-Campus Research Program grant from the University of California Office of the President. At Work in the World Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the History of Occupational and Environmental Health From the international conference that took place in San Francisco, CA, USA, June 19-22, 2010. Edited by Paul D. Blanc, MD and Brian Dolan, PhD First published in 2012 by University of California Medical Humanities Press In partnership with the Berkeley Electroic Press and California Digital Library © 2012 University of California Medical Humanities Consortium 3333 California Street, Suite 485 San Francisco, ca 94143-0850 Cover Photo Credit: First Aid to the Injured (Man equipped with Draeger Oxygen Helmet). Photograph by Lewis Hine, 1911. Pencil notation on reverse states: “The need for presence of these rescue outfits is a strong argument against use of boys.” Gelatin silver print, collection of Paul Blanc. The image is also held in the National Child Labor Committee, Library of Congress (Lot 7477, no. 1933). This identifies the location as the Avondale Shaft, D.L.W Colliery (Pennsylvania). Print size 5 inch x 7 inch. Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943271 isbn 978-0-9834639-4-8 Printed in usa Contents Acknowledgments xii Preface xiii Prologue Fear and Fame Philip Levine, Poet Laureate of the United States xviii Keynotes and Comments Keynote One Occupation, Environment and Health: A History of Changing Perceptions and Priorities Christopher Sellers, Stony Brook, USA 1 Comment: Occupation, Environment and Health: A History of Interdependence Dan Berman, Davis, USA 19 Comment: Conceptualizing Hazards Christine Meisner Rosen, Berkeley, USA 29 Comment: Air Pollution and the Meuse Valley Fog of December 1930 Benoit Nemery, Leuven, Belgium 33 Keynote Two “An Injury to One is an Injury to All”: Movements for Occupational and Environmental Health in Twentieth-Century America Gerald Markowitz & David Rosner, New York, USA 40 Comment: Movements for Occupational and Environmental Health: History and Politics Allison L. Hepler, Farmington, USA 56 Comment: Occupational Health Movements in France: History, Historiography and Politics Laure Pitti, Paris, France 60 Comment: Building on the Past Joseph Melling, Exeter, UK 64 vi At Work in the World Keynote Three Occupatioal Disease and Labor Health and Safety Under the Nazis Robert N. Proctor, Palo Alto, USA 68 Comment: Occupational Health under Fascism in Italy F. Carnevale, A. Baldasseroni, S. Iavicoli, C. Petyx, L. Tomassini, Florence, Italy 84 Comment: Occupational Health in Japan During the “15 years war” Bernard Thomann, Paris, France 89 Comment: Occupational Health in the First Francoism, 1939-1953 Alfredo Menéndez-Navarro, Granada, Spain 93 Expanded Abstracts Occupational Health in Hippocratic Writings H.S. Vuorinen & T.J. Hannu, Helsinki, Finland 99 Work and Disease in Greco-Roman World: Myth and Reality M.A. Riva, V.A. Sironi, D. Fano, G.C. Cesana, Milan, Italy 102 Modern Dilemmas in Occupational Medicine and Insights from the “Hebrew Law”: Nothing is New Under the Sun Yehuda Lerman, Tel Aviv, Israel 104 Occupational Exposures and Transnational Networks in African Uranium Mines Gabrielle Hecht, Ann Arbor, USA 108 Notions of Nature and the Debate over Vaccination in Late 20th-century US Elena Conis, San Francisco, USA 110 Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Long Way Before Recognition, a Spectacular Course After: The French Case in the Twentieth Century N Hatzfeld, Evry, France 113 The Ups and Downs of US Ergonomics Standards David Rempel, San Francisco, USA 115 Work-Related Neurobehavioral Toxicity from a Historical Perspective R Giliol, Milan, Italy & R Lucchini, Brescia, Italy 117 Contents vii Harriet Hardy and the Workers of Los Alamos Ken Silver, Johnson City, USA 120 The “Invisible” Role of the Women’s Movement to the Improvement of Working Conditions at the End of the Nineteenth Century: The Case of Ersilia Majno Bronzini Salerno Silvana, Rome, Italy & Babini P. Valeria, Bologna, Italy 123 Magic Bullet or Snake Oil? Aluminium Dust and the Prevention of Silicosis in Western Australia, 1938-1963 Criena Fitzgerald, Perth Western Australia 126 Miner’s Asthma, Pneumoconiosis and the Politics of Occupational Disease in Coal Country, 1900-1970 Carla C. Keirns, Stony Brook, USA 129 Storming the Citadel: Popular Epidemiology and Scientific Innovation in British Silicosis Research Joseph Melling, Exeter, UK 132 Grindstone City’s Second Product Silicosis, the Plausibility of Export of Dust Disease A.L. Redford, M.L. Zaremba, K.M. Elliott, S.P. Reddy, Port Huron, USA 133 Italian Workers’ Health Between the Two World Wars A. Baldasseroni, Florence, Italy, F. Carnevale, Florence, Italy, S. Iavicoli, Rome, Italy, C. Petyx, Rome, Italy, L. Tomassini, Bologna, Italy 136 Occupational Health and Safety in Australia: The International Context 1900-1939 Rod Noble, Newcastle, Australia 139 Science and Sales: Marketing the Pesticide DBCP in the Mid-Twentieth- Century United States Susanna Rankin Bohme, Attleboro, USA 144 Tuberculosis Germs at Work: Infection, the Labour Movement and the British Workplace, c1900-1960 Arthur McIvor, Glasgow, UK 146 viii At Work in the World The Birth of the Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority and its Contribution to Improving Health Conditions of Workers and General Population G. Bonifaci, Rome, Italy, C. Sferra,Rome, Italy, M.A. Riva, Milan, Italy, M. Marchesi, Milan, Italy, V.A. Sironi, Milan, Italy 149 The History of the Workers’ Compensation in Sweden Kjell Torén & Sara Stendahl, Gothenburg, Sweden 152 Measuring Disability: Evaluating the Corporal Damage in Occupational Accident Victims and the Development of Occupational Health in Spain, 1900-1936 J. Martínez-Pérez & M. Del Cura, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain 154 The Trades Union Congress and the Politics of Industrial Health in Britain, 1920-1960 Vicky Long, Glasgow, UK 158 An Enslaved Population: The Work of Italian Military Internees (IMI) in Germany, 1943-1945 Alessandro Porro, Brescia, Italy, Bruno Falconi, Brescia, Italy, Carlo Cristini, Brescia, Italy, Lorenzo Lorusso, Chiari, Italy, Andrea Colombo, Milan, Italy, Antonia Francesca Franchini, Milan, Italy 161 Sea Fevers: The Management of Infectious Disease at Sea in the British Merchant Fleet 1867-1967 J.T. Carter, Bergen, Norway 163 The Dawning of Accident Prevention in Milan: Workers, Trade Unions, Society, 1894-1896 Falconi Bruno, Brescia, Italy, Porro Alessandro, Brescia, Italy, Lorusso Lorenzo, Chiari, Italy, Colombo Andrea, Milan, Italy, Franchini Antonia Francesca, Milan, Italy 166 The Fight Against Lead Poisoning in the Paint Industry: A Comparison of the French and American Experiences, 1900-1940 Judith Rainhorn, Paris, France 169 The Struggle for Lead Poisoning Recognition in the Workplace in France: The 1970s Turning Point Laure Pitti, Paris, France 172 Contents ix Challenging the “Blind Spots” of Expertise: Locally Produced Knowledge and Asbestos Hazard Management in Spain, 1975-1984 Alfredo Menéndez-Navarro, Granada, Spain 175 The History and Impact of Presumptive Disability Laws for Firefighters J. A. Taylor, Philadelphia, USA, J.P. Phillips, Mississippi State, USA, B.L. Hall, St. Louis, USA 178 Abstracts The Life and Death of Gaius Julius Caesar from an Occupational Health Perspective Jouni J.K. Jaakkola, Oulu, Finland 183 The Discovery of the Migrant Workers by Psychiatry Benoît Majerus, Brussels, Belgium 184 Hospitality Workers’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke from 2006 to 2008 in Beijing, China Ruiling Liu, Berkeley, USA, Yanmin Lu, Yuan Jiang, Beijing, China 185 The Health of Sugarcane Workers in Brazil FLR Rocha, São Paulo, Brazil, MHP Marziale, São Paulo, Brazil, OS Hong, San Francisco, USA 186 Flame Retardants, Policy, and Public Health: Past and Present Arlene D. Blum, Berkeley, USA 188 Walt Whitman: An American Civil War Nurse who Witnessed the Advent of Modern