DOCSLIB.ORG

Country Report of Turkey For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Country Report of Turkey For Appendix 12 COUNTRY REPORT OF TURKEY FOR FMD A. Naci Bulut, VMD 1. OUTBREAK SITUATION 1.1. FMD situation between 2005-2007 in Turkey The disease is endemic in Anatolia Region, Two serotypes; O 1 Manisa and A type have been circulating in Anatolia Region. Outbreaks due to type Asia 1 has not been reported since April 2002 in Turkey. In 2005 majority of outbreaks were occurred with type O1 Manisa until a new A type was introduced to country on November; a total of 122 FMD outbreaks have been detected, 102 due to type O and 20 due to type A (Figure.1) Type A outbreaks have not been detected in Turkey between June 2005 and November 2005. Following the determination of one outbreak due to type A in the Eastern province of Elazıg in November and occurred 13 further outbreaks in December. According to epidemiological study results, index case was detected in Igdır province, located on Turkey and Iran border, one month earlier than Elazıg outbreak. Laboratory analysis of these viruses showed that this type A viruses were genetically quite distant from both A Iran 96 and A Iran 99 virus topotypes, both of which have been circulating in Turkey recently. The sequence data which was obtained in Ankara Sap Institute was sent to WRL Pirbright Laboratory and these viruses were closely matched with viruses isolated in Iran in 2005. 18 16 14 12 10 TYPE O 8 TYPE A 6 4 2 0 MAY JULY JUNE APRIL MARCH AUGUST JANUARY OCTOBER FEBRUARY NOVEMBER DECEMBER SEPTEMBER Fig.1. Distribution of the 2005 outbreaks in Turkey The viruses which were isolated from Iran were antigenically matched with A 22 Iraq vaccine strain. The antigenic relationship of these viruses with A Iran 96 and A Iran 99 vaccine strains were very weak. These findings of Pirbright Laboratory were confirmed in Sap Institute as well and A 22 Mahmatlı vaccine strain was determined as the best vaccine strain against these new viruses. After the introducing of type A05 Iran strain to Turkey, the disease was spread all the regions and showed its effects enormously on livestock. Since vaccine unavailability and animal movements occurred during the Kurban Festival, numbers of outbreaks were reached on pick on February 2006. Fortunately, new vaccine was delivered and implemented starting on February which was resulted the disease was taken slightly under control. However given seasonal effects, melting snow and animal movements to grazing area, the second big pick was observed during the spring time. Since the outbreaks were taken under control by effective control measures including increased field immunity level, numbers of outbreaks were decreased starting to summer and finally end of the year a few outbreak was recorded with type A 05 Iran. 85 However, a new type O strain, O pan-Asia, was introduced to Turkey on October while number of type A outbreaks were seen declining (more detailed information below on 1.2. subtitle) The disease has not been seen in Thrace Region between on June 2001-February 2006. Beginning of February, the disease occurred in this region. The isolated viruses from Thrace region were also sequenced and found to be same as new viruses isolated from Anatolia recently. Consequently, total of 16 type A05 Iran outbreaks were occurred in Thrace region in 2006. Last FMD outbreak in 2006 was occurred in Silivri district of Istanbul province, Thrace Region on 03.07.2006. In 2006, a total of 827 FMD outbreaks have been reported, 48 due to type O; 769 due to type A (fig.2). DISRIBUTION OF 2006 OUTBREAKS 200 161 150 140 TYPE A (769) 100 110 TYPE O (48) 71 79 50 50 54 27 33 NUMBER OF OUTBREAK NUMBER 20 14 24 0 7 5 3 1 2 1 2 3 10 July April May June March August January October February November December September MONTHS Figure.2. Distribution of FMD outbreaks in 2006 1.2. CURRENT FMD OUTBREAK SITUATION Turkey has been under the high risk with circulating a severe virulent new Osubtype, O Pan-Asia strain because of occurrence uncontrolled animal movements from outside and within the country. Epidemiological investigation and molecular epidemiologic studies were indicated that O Pan-Asia substrain has been introduced to Turkey up to October 2006, beside existed domestic strains OManisa/ O Alfa 05 topotype, which were caused a few outbreaks before the October 2006. It has been recently recorded outbreaks mostly with type O, a total of 366 outbreaks were detected, 203 of by type O, 23 of by type and 140 of untyped respectively in 2007 (up to Macrh) (Table.1and fig.3). OUTBREAKS Month Type O A UNTYPED TOTAL SUSCEPTIBLE CASES DEATH October 06 2 20 November 06 3 14 December 06 24 10 January 07 122 17 37 176 156989 4563 1383 February 07 63 6 44 113 80945 2036 453 March 07 18 0 59 77 66056 2169 752 Total 232 67 140 439 303990 8768 2502 Table 1. Distribution of recent FMD outbreaks 86 CURRENT FMD OUTBREAK SITUATION (OCTOBER 2006-MARCH 2007 140 120 122 100 80 60 63 59 44 40 37 OUTBREAKS NUMBER OF 24 20 20 14 17 18 10 6 0 2 3 0 March January October February November December MONTH O A UNTYPED Fig.3. Recent outbreaks situation Although it was recorded 48 outbreaks with type O in 2006 and those isolates were dropped in OAlfa 05 lineage genetically, the numbers of type Ooutbreaks were increased at beginning of October 2006. Because of the effects of animals movements during the Kurban Festival (end of the year), viruses were spread all over the country and numbers of outbreaks were reached on pick on January 2007. According to genetic analysis of isolates, a new type Opan-Asia sub strain was detected first time at Selvioglu village in Uşak on 8 th October 2006. The sequence data which was obtained in Ankara Sap Institute showed that this virus was closely matched with viruses isolated in Iran in 2006. It is uncertain that whether this was index case or not for the new sub strain Since Uşak province is located west of Turkey, in Aegean Region, it was probable that it might be occurred another case in East Region of Anatolia, close to Iran border. It is probable that the disease with type O Panasia sub strain was occurred in another place where is near to border after the entrance into the country. However it is clear that this was available first evidence indicated genetic changing of circulating viruses. Many further sequence data which was made in Ankara Sap Institute on between October 2006 and March 2007 also supported that O pan-Asia strain was circulated all over the country. Those studies were indicated that the isolates were not only closed to Iran isolates but also they were closed to isolates of Middle East Region, particularly of Jordan. The recent data made on March showed that isolates collected from Şırnak Province in South East Region of Turkey, near to Iraq/Syria border were closed to these lineages. (Table.2 and Dendograms as annex). PROT.NO PROVINCE YEAR MONTH TYPE GENOTYPE TOPOTYPE 6 Edirne 2007 January A A05 ASIA 5 Erzincan 2007 January O PANASIA ME-SA 13 Muğla 2007 January O PANASIA ME-SA 15 Tokat 2007 January A A05 ASIA 83 Konya 2007 January O PANASIA ME-SA 120 Konya 2007 January O PANASIA ME-SA 207 Kastamonu 2007 January A A05 ASIA 285 Şırnak 2007 February O PANASIA ME-SA 324 Bolu 2007 February A A05 ASIA 357 Kırklareli 2007 February O PANASIA ME-SA 370 Isparta 2007 February A A05 ASIA Table.2. Results of nucleotide sequence analysis 87 In addition to those situations, some other sequence results indicated that OAlfa 05 sub strain has been also still circulated in Anatolia which was similar to isolates caused outbreaks in 2005. Although it was detected genetically differences of Ovirus as Panasia and affected severe clinically on animals, recent available antigenic studies, R Value ELISA, show that there has been no changing antigenically, which O1 Manisa vaccine strain has been covered both sub strains. The data for type A 05 Iran outbreaks which detected as limited number in 2007 show that it has been closed to their genetic lineages and given high protection well antigenically ( table 2 and Dendogram.2.) As a conclusion, it has been already type OPan-Asia sub strain was introduced to Turkey from two different origins and caused many outbreaks all over the country which is genetically quite distant from old isolates and no differences antigenically, which is protected with OManisa vaccine strain. 1.3. 2007 Outbreaks in Thrace In 2007, three outbreaks has been detected in Trace Region, because of uncontrolled animal movements after the Kurban Festival. The detail for those are as follow: a. Oğulpaşa, Havsa Edirne Outbreak was occurred with type A05 Iran in two premises in 3 rd January. Disease was caused by returning unsold cattle from Istanbul Bayrampaşa impermanent market. As a total 11 animals were affected by disease in two holdings and they were slaughtered after laboratory confirmation. Disease was limited within the holdings, no spread to around, by taken efficient measures including ring vaccination within and around the villages b. Armağan, Kırklareli Disease was noticed by owner in 22th February in one dairy cattle, but it was reported to state veterinary centre with delaying four day. In a result of clinical diagnosis, 9 animals were detected as FMD. This result was also confirmed by Laboratory as type OAfter the confirmation, all animals were slaughtered. Although it was carried out outbreak investigation, the origin of transmission was unclear.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exports: the Heart of Nep
    How to Export to 2018 Turkey This report includes all the information related to trade basics and detailed data regarding export from Brazil to Turkey. This report is for information purposes only and Tumer Eng. will not be liable to any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or exemplary damages, including but not limited to, damages for loss of profits, goodwill, use, data, or other intangible losses. Ver:1.0 2018 1 Contents 1 Why Turkey.................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 General Information .............................................................................................................. 12 1.2 Geography ............................................................................................................................. 13 1.2.1 Distances ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.2.2 Climate of Turkey .......................................................................................................... 19 1.2.2.1 Air temperature changes until now .......................................................................... 20 1.2.2.2 Precipitation changes until now ................................................................................ 21 1.2.2.3 Air temperature changes in the 21st century ........................................................... 21 1.2.2.4 Precipitation changes in the 21st century ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Template Report
    REPUBLIC OF TURKEY PRIME MINISTRY Investment Support and Promotion Agency of Turkey TRANSPORTATION & LOGISTICS INDUSTRY REPORT DECEMBERJANUARY 2010 2009 CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Sector Overview 4 2.1 Global Sector 4 2.2 Domestic Sector 5 2.2.1 Overview 5 2.2.2 Road Transport 7 2.2.3 Railway Transport 8 2.2.4 Air Transport 10 2.2.5 Maritime Transport 12 2.2.6 RoRo Transport 13 2.2.7 International Trade 13 2.3 Main Players 14 2.4 Sector Outlook and Trends 15 2.5 SWOT Analysis 16 2.6 Investment Opportunities 17 2.7 Sector Establishments and Institutions 19 LIST OF FIGURES 20 ABBREVIATIONS 21 2 1. Executive Summary The transportation and logistics sector, broadly defined to include airlines and airfreight, shipping, road and rail transport and the associated infrastructure and services, generated US$ 3.4 trillion of revenue globally in 2007. It has grown with a CAGR of 6.2% between 2003 and 2007. By 2012, the global transportation industry is forecast to reach US$ 4.5 trillion growing with a CAGR of 5.4%.1 The share of the logistics sector (broadly defined to include all transport as above) in Turkey’s GDP is estimated between 8-12%.2 Thus the size of the sector can be estimated as being around US$ 65-95 billion in 2008. The size of Turkish transportation & logistics industry is determined as US$ 59 billion, while the share of the logistics service supplier market is estimated as US$ 22 billion in “Turkey Logistics Industry Survey 2008”.
    [Show full text]
  • Portable Archaeology”: Pashas from the Dalmatian Hinterland As Cultural Mediators
    Chapter 10 Connectivity, Mobility, and Mediterranean “Portable Archaeology”: Pashas from the Dalmatian Hinterland as Cultural Mediators Gülru Necipoğlu Considering the mobility of persons and stones is one way to reflect upon how movable or portable seemingly stationary archaeological sites might be. Dalmatia, here viewed as a center of gravity between East and West, was cen- tral for the global vision of Ottoman imperial ambitions, which peaked during the 16th century. Constituting a fluid “border zone” caught between the fluctu- ating boundaries of three early modern empires—Ottoman, Venetian, and Austrian Habsburg—the Dalmatian coast of today’s Croatia and its hinterland occupied a vital position in the geopolitical imagination of the sultans. The Ottoman aspiration to reunite the fragmented former territories of the Roman Empire once again brought the eastern Adriatic littoral within the orbit of a tri-continental empire, comprising the interconnected arena of the Balkans, Crimea, Anatolia, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and North Africa. It is important to pay particular attention to how sites can “travel” through texts, drawings, prints, objects, travelogues, and oral descriptions. To that list should be added “traveling” stones (spolia) and the subjective medium of memory, with its transformative powers, as vehicles for the transmission of architectural knowledge and visual culture. I refer to the memories of travelers, merchants, architects, and ambassadors who crossed borders, as well as to Ottoman pashas originating from Dalmatia and its hinterland, with their extraordinary mobility within the promotion system of a vast eastern Mediterranean empire. To these pashas, circulating from one provincial post to another was a prerequisite for eventually rising to the highest ranks of vizier and grand vizier at the Imperial Council in the capital Istanbul, also called Ḳosṭanṭiniyye (Constantinople).
    [Show full text]
  • (Edirne, Turkey) and Assessment of Water Quality in Terms of Teeth Health
    Sigma J Eng & Nat Sci 36 (3), 2018, 887-894 Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sigma Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Research Article FLUORINE ACCUMULATIONS IN DRINKING WATER OF HAVSA DISTRICT (EDIRNE, TURKEY) AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN TERMS OF TEETH HEALTH Cem TOKATLI*1, Şirin GÜNER2 1Trakya University, Department of Laboratory Technology, EDIRNE; ORCID:0000-0003-2080-7920 2Trakya University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, EDIRNE; ORCID:0000-0002-6890-3500 Received: 09.02.2018 Revised: 05.03.2018 Accepted: 18.05.2018 ABSTRACT This study was carried out to determine the fluorine accumulations in groundwater of Havsa District, where is located in the Edirne Province of Turkey in Thrace Region. Drinking water samples were collected from 15 stations including almost all the residential areas of the Havsa District in winter season of 2016. Fluorine concentrations of water samples were determined by using a spectrophotometer and Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the groundwater of investigated residential areas according to fluorine contents. Geographic Information System (GIS) was also used in order to make a visual explanation by presenting distribution map of fluorine contents and detected data were evaluated according to national and international quality criteria. And also the detected data were evaluated in terms of teeth health of local people, who constantly drinks this water. According to data observed, the fluorine concentrations in the Havsa District were determined between 0.006 ppm (Bakışlar Village) – 0.567 ppm (Hasköy Village). According to the results of CA, 2 statistically significant clusters were formed as “Updistrict Cluster” with higher fluorine contents and “Downdistrict Cluster” with lower fluorine contents.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do Some Localities in Turkey Remain Resistant to Islamist Political Mobilization? Evren Celik Wiltse South Dakota State University, [email protected]
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange History, Political Science, Philosophy, and Religion Department of History, Political Science, Faculty Publications Philosophy, and Religion 9-2017 Explaining the Dog That Does Not Bark: Why do Some Localities in Turkey Remain Resistant to Islamist Political Mobilization? Evren Celik Wiltse South Dakota State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/hppr_pubs Part of the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Wiltse, E.C. 2017. Explaining the dog that doesn’t bark: Why do some localities in Turkey remain resistant to Islamist political mobilization”, to be published by George Washington University, POMEPS Studies #27 Islamists & Local Politics https://pomeps.org/category/pomeps-publications/pomeps-studies/ This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History, Political Science, Philosophy, and Religion at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in History, Political Science, Philosophy, and Religion Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Explaining the dog that does not bark: Why do some localities in Turkey remain resistant to Islamist political mobilization? Evren Celik Wiltse, South Dakota State University Introduction: (White, 2013; Tugal, 2015) focus on the periphery of the largest metropolis, Istanbul – Umraniye and Sultanbeyli Most studies on political Islam in Turkey have embraced respectively .
    [Show full text]
  • 19. ASIRDA EDİRNE VİLAYETİ COĞRAFYASI* the Geography of Edirne Province in 19Th Century Prof
    MARMARA COĞRAFYA DERGİSİ, SAYI: 6, TEMMUZ-2002, İSTANBUL 19. ASIRDA EDİRNE VİLAYETİ COĞRAFYASI* The Geography Of Edirne Province In 19th Century Prof. Dr. Ramazan ÖZEY** ÖZET Çağ, devir, zaman ve yüzyıl kelimeleri ile ifade edilen asır, belirli zaman aralığını kapsar. Yüzyıl kelimesi, ilk kez Romalılar tarafından yüz kişiden oluşan askeri birlikler için kullanılmıştır. 1626’larda, sözcüğün anlamı değiştirildi ve halk yüz yıllık zaman aralığı olarak kullanmaya başladı. Yüzyıl kelimesi, kelime olarak her ne kadar, yüz yıllık bir zaman dilimini teşkil ediyorsa da, Tarihi Coğrafya üzerinde çalışan bilim adamları, yüzyılın başlangıcı ve sonunu, bazı önemli tarihi olaylarla belirlemektedirler. Bu belirlemeye göre, 19.yüzyıl; Napolyon Savaşları’nın sona ermesinden (1815), Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başlamasına (1914) kadar olan 99 yıllık bir süreyi kapsamaktadır. 19.yüzyıl, tarih sahnesinde, dünya savaşlarının olmasıyla tanınır ve bir savaşlar asrı olarak bilinir. Tarihi coğrafya açısından Yüce Osmanlı Devletinin son asrını teşkil eden 19.yüzyıl, hep savaşlarla geçmiştir. Söz konusu bu savaşların büyük bir bölümü, özellikle Yüce Osmanlı Devletinin Rumeli topraklarında cereyan etmiştir. Bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak, Avrupa kıtasındaki Osmanlı topraklarında, çok fazla siyasi değişimler yaşanmıştır. I.Murad’ın Cenevizlerle anlaşarak, 1363’de önemli bir Türk nüfusunu Rumeli topraklarına geçirmesiyle başlayan fetih hareketi, 1365’te başkentin Bursa’dan Edirne’ye taşınmasıyla nihayet buldu. İstanbul’un fethine kadar olan dönemde (1365–1453), Edirne; en parlak dönemini yaşadı. İstanbul’un fethinden sonra, Edirne; Yüce Osmanlı Devletinin Avrupa topraklarında genişlemesinde, önemli bir kavşak noktasını oluşturdu. Ancak İmparatorluğun, Osmanlı Avrupası’nda toprak kaybetmeye başlamasıyla birlikte, Edirne şehri ve yakın çevresi; göçmen nüfusun konaklama yeri özelliği kazandı. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemi olan 19.asırda ise, Edirne vilayetinde çok hızlı değişimler yaşanmıştır.
    [Show full text]
  • V 1 Second EUFMD/EC Mission to Assess the FMD Control Situation In
    Appendix 5 Mission Report –v 1 Second EUFMD/EC Mission to assess the FMD control situation in Thrace region 16 February- 3 March 2006 Persons involved in the mission Keith Sumption, FAO, Rome, 16/2 –21/2, 1/3-3/3; Jan Braamskamp, Animal Health Service, The Netherlands, 16/2 – 3/3; Koen Mintiens, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Belgium, 21/2 – 25/2. Adil Adiguzel, Animal Disease Combat section, GDPC Ankara, 17/2-25/2 and 2/3. Summary Thrace region has been affected a very serious FMD epidemic, resulting in seeding of infection into at least three Provinces of Thrace. The GDPC and the Provincial Directorates have demonstrated a high commitment to contain the epidemic, which occurred in difficult situation (concurrent AI outbreaks), in severe weather conditions, and involved introduction of new disease control practises (particularly the use of slaughter). • A number of recommendations from the first mission of the EUFMD Secretary had been acted upon at GDPC and Province level. At the Edirne meeting on 19th February, regarding the use of the first available (SAP Institute) A22 vaccine: • Vaccination plans of three Provinces (Kirklareli, Tekirdag and Edirne) were reviewed and the team proposed priorities for vaccine use in period 20-28th February until EC vaccine became available; • The issue of human and vehicle resources was raised by two provinces, and the team agreed to look in detail at how implementation of vaccination might be achieved The main conclusions of the 2nd mission were presented to the GDPC on 28/2 in Paris (FAO/EC/OIE tripartite meeting), with follow up by the mission team (Sumption/Braamskamp) on 2/3/06 in Ankara.
    [Show full text]
  • Edirne.Org.Tr
    www.investinedirne.org.tr EDİRNE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT 2| EDİRNE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT WHY EDİRNE? The 14th Most Competitive City in Turkey in terms of So- cio-Economic Index High Scores on Education, Health and Socio-economic Indices High Scores on Agricultural and Livestock Production Fertile Soils with Raw Material Sources Existing and Potential Irrigation Possibilities A candidate City for New Investment Opportunities as a result of Industrialization in Surrounding Cities Proximity to Istanbul Market Area High Standards of Living Young and Dynamic Labor Force Ready for Training Social Infrastructure to Employ Skilled Labor Force from Out- side the Region Energy Potential The Welcoming Face of Turkey | 3 INTERCONTINENTAL STRATEGIC POSITION • High Accessibility via Advanced Road Infrastructure • Proximity to Production Centers and Markets • Proximity to Turkey-Europe Border Zone • Transit Corridor between Europe and Asia • Strategic Importance with Hamzabeyli, Kapıkule, İpsala, Pazarkule and Uzunköprü Border Gates 4| EDİRNE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT Highway University High-speed Railway Project Border Gate Bulgaria Airport Wind Energy Plant Port ITGI ITGI Natural Gas Pipeline Kırklareli Edirne European Free Zone Logistics Center Organized Industrial Zone Technopark Greece İstanbul TEKİRDAĞ ITGI Sea of Marmara ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE • The City is one of the Leading Cities of Turkey in terms of Divided Highways and Roads per km² with Inter- national Road Connections • Located 151 km from Çorlu Airport , 229 km from İstanbul Atatürk Airport • 140 km from Ports of Tekirdağ • Direct Linkage between Europe and Anatolia with TEM (E-80) • 688 km Road (267 km State Road, 421 km Provincial Road), 60 km Highway • International Railway Linkage to Europe • 96 km Railway Network | 5 Grassland Area Non-agricultural area 9% Agricultural Area 12% 61% 18% Forest Area VEGETAL PRODUCTION VEGETAL Figure 1: Form of Land Use in Edirne Province Source: Sudy Report, Edirne Directorate of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • The Logistics Industry in Turkey
    The Logistics Industry in Turkey November 2013 1 Disclaimer Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Investment Support and Promotion Agency (ISPAT) submits the information provided by third parties in good faith. ISPAT has no obligation to check and examine this information and takes no responsibility for any misstatement or false declaration. ISPAT does not guarantee the accuracy, currency, reliability, correctness or legality of any information provided by third parties. ISPAT accepts no responsibility for the content of any information, news or article in the document and cannot be considered as approving any opinion declared by third parties. ISPAT explicitly states that; it is not liable for any loss, negligence, tort or other damages caused by actions and agreements based on the information provided by third parties. Deloitte accepts no liability to any party who is shown or gains access to this document. The opinions expressed in this report are based on Deloitte Consulting’s judgment and analysis of key factors. However, the actual operation and results of the analyzed sector may differ from those projected herein. Deloitte does not warrant that actual results will be the same as the projected results. Neither Deloitte nor any individuals signing or associated with this report shall be required by reason of this report to give further consultation, to provide testimony or appear in court or other legal proceedings, unless specific arrangements thereof have been made. All opinions and estimates included in this report constitute our
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing 2011 General Election and 2014 Presidency Election in Turkey with Regard to Political Marketing
    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 2 S5 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy April 2015 Comparing 2011 General Election and 2014 Presidency Election in Turkey with Regard to Political Marketing Hakan Yaû Trakya University Havsa Vocational School, Hakan Okursoy Campus 22500 Havsa / Edirne / Turkey [email protected] Yasin Usta Trakya University Havsa Vocational School, Hakan Okursoy Campus 22500 Havsa / Edirne / Turkey yasinusta@trakya. edu. tr Sedef Zeyrekli Yaû Trakya University Havsa Vocational School, Hakan Okursoy Campus 22500 Havsa / Edirne / Turkey [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s5p139 Abstract Leaders and political parties which are one of the products of political marketing are the political products. Social issues and the requirements that are the result of these issues determine the route map of leaders and the party programme. It is hard for a party and for a leader that do not embrace neither their grassroots nor the needers of the grassroots of other parties, to protect their position. Social media being used as a instrument of political marketing plays a crucial role in especially affecting young electorate at the present time. This instrument have been begun to be used by politicians actively in Turkey recently. Till the enact of the Law No. 5678 which made an amendment in 1982 Constitution in 2007, the President of Turkey had been elected by the votes of the parliamentarians in Turkish Grand National Assembly. As a result of the amendment in 1982 Constitution in 2007, Turkish citizens have become enable in electing the President of Turkey via referendum.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey
    Original Article Medicinal Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey Çiler Kartal1*, Fatma Güneş2 1Trakya University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Edirne, TURKEY 2Trakya University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Edirne, TURKEY ABSTRACT Background: There are a few studies on medical plants used in the Trakya region of Turkey (Havsa, Lalapasa, Uzunköprü, Ipsala, Enez, Kirklareli). However, there has been no research study performed investigating the preparation and medicinal uses of wild plants in Meriç town. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the parts of locally growing medicinal plants used by local people in Meriç town and the purpose of their use. Methods: In this study, 16 villages in Meriç town (Edirne province, Turkey) were visited, and interviews were performed with 38 persons in total. Results: As result of the study, 24 plant taxa in 19 families were recorded as medicinal plants used by local people. Conclusion: These traditional medicinal plants have been mostly used for the treatment of diabetes, stomach ailments, hemorrhoids, rheumatism and asthma. Keywords: Edirne, Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants, Meriç town, Turkey. INTRODUCTION DOI: 10.5530/ijper.51.3s.23 Correspondence: Local people are using plants growing methods of administration, doses and dura- Çiler Kartal, naturally near their homes for many different tion of treatment, was obtained from 38 Trakya University, Faculty of Science, Department of purposes. Güneş and Özhatay denote that local people through individual, face-to-face Biology, Edirne, TURKEY approximately 500 plants are used for medical interviews. The identification of the plant Phone no: +90 284 235 2825 1 E-mail: cilermeric@yahoo.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping a City in Motion
    MAPPING A CITY IN MOTION EUROPEAN VISITORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF OTTOMAN EDIRNE DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN MEHMED IV By Nicholas Mazer Crummey Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Günhan Börekçi Second Reader: Professor Jan Hennings CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2018 STATEMENT OF COPYRIGHT Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ways Europeans perceived and mapped the city of Edirne when it was the seat of the Ottoman court in the 1670s. Using the highly personalized hand-drawn maps, sketches, and descriptions in the journal of John Covel, the chaplain to the English ambassador, the thesis traces the social networks, ceremonial geographies, and festival spaces available to European residents of the central Ottoman lands. Recent scholarship on European-Ottoman relations has stressed the importance of intermediaries and the networks of sociability present in Istanbul but has rarely ventured beyond the capital. This thesis argues that the shift of the court to Edirne in the second half the 17th century, and the subsequent costly trips ambassadors had to make there, stretched European sociability to a new geography, allowing them opportunities to interact with each other and with Ottoman subjects in new ways.
    [Show full text]