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STRATEGIES and EUROREGIONS for CROSS-BORDER CO-OPERATION in BALKAN and DANUBE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES an Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

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STRATEGIES and EUROREGIONS for CROSS-BORDER CO-OPERATION in BALKAN and DANUBE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES an Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats C M C M PREPS PREPS Y K Y K N STRATEGIES AND EUROREGIONS O I T A FOR CROSS-BORDER CO-OPERATION IN BALKAN R E P AND DANUBE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES O The ISIG (Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia), a non-profit-making cultural insti- - O An analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, tution, was founded in 1968 and has been recognized as a legal personality since 1985. C R The statutory aims of the Institute are: to carry out studies and researches and organize E Opportunities and Threats D S conferences on the problems of the relations between states, nations, and ethnic groups R E I O R and on the cultural, economic and social development of the populations; to furnish the B T - Alberto Gasparini, Daniele Del Bianco S authorities and the competent bodies with information tending to promote the cultural, eco- N S U nomic and social development of the populations; to carry on seminars and specialization O O R C courses for graduates and scholars engaged in work on the subjects that form the object C N of the Institute’s research. The scientific and cultural activity of the Institute is at present car- R A O E F ried out in six departments, which in their turn are subdivided into research programmes, P S O publications, the organization of exhibitions and conferences, and teaching. The depart- N R O U ments are: International sociology (international relations, interethnic relations), I E G E Technology and the future, Sociology of space (territory, town, community and home, envi- E B R ronment, rural sociology), Mass emergencies, Sociosystemics, Social policies, social grou- U O N R ps and altruism. At the Isig operate a Forum of European Border Towns, an Observatory A U E of European Ethnic Minorities and a Laboratory for the Analysis of Conflict Resolution. The D D D Institute also publishes the journal Futuribili and the Magazine Isig. Finally, training activi- N N A ties are carried out oriented to the Eastern European societies and, in particular, a Summer A S N E School for the building of the new Europe. I A G K E L T A Tel. +39 0481 533632; Fax. +39 0481 532094 A B R T www.isig.it; [email protected] N S I a i z i r o G i d e l a n o i z Institute of a n International r e t Sociology n Gorizia I a i g o l o i c o S i d o t u t i t s I - . G . I . S ISBN: 978-88-89825-28-0 . I.S.I.G. - Istituto di Sociologia Internazionale di Gorizia 00,00 € I STRATEGIES AND EUROREGIONS FOR CROSS-BORDER CO-OPERATION IN BALKAN AND DANUBE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES An analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats This study is one in a series of three prepared by the Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia (ISIG). This is the updated version of the original SWOT report prepared at the request of the Council of Europe as a contribution to the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe and published in 2003 under the title: Cross- border co-operation in the Balkan Danube area: An analysis of strenghts, weak- nesses, opportunities and threats. The other two studies cover Central European countries (SWOT 1) and Northern European countries (SWOT 2). This research has been partly funded by the Open Society Institute (OSI). LEGAL DISCLAIMER: The views expressed in this document are those of its author and of the ISIG of Gorizia. 2011 Published by Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia (I.S.I.G.) Via Mazzini 13 - 34170 Gorizia (I) Tel. +39 0481 533632 Fax. +39 0481 532094 www.isig.it - [email protected] Printed by Grafica Goriziana (Gorizia –I) ISBN: 978-88-89825-28-0 All rights reserved. CONTENTS Foreword ……………….………………………………………………. 9 PART ONE SWOT ANALYSIS FOR THE FORECASTING OF SCENARIOS Chapter One The theoretical process of SWOT analysis 1. Introduction on the roots of SWOT analysis ……………..………… 13 2. Cross-border co-operation: theoretical elements and internal/external functional aspects …………………………………. 14 2.1. Internal dimensions and indicators ……………………………… 15 2.2. External dimensions and indicators ……………………..……… 18 2.3. Measurement of indicators …………………………………….. 19 2.4. SWOT analysis methodological process ………………………. 19 2.5. Action strategies ………………………………………………… 20 2.6. Euroregions and Egtc ………………………………………….. 23 Chapter Two Measurement of the conceptual dimensions of co-operation in the 22 cross-border areas 1. General measures of the conceptual dimensions ………………….. 25 2. The internal dimensions……………….………………………..……… 31 3. The external dimensions ………………..……………………..……… 32 4. The comparison between external and internal dimensions …………. 32 5. Dimensions of differing relevance ……………………………………. 34 6. Homogeneous co-operation and border policies ……………………… 35 3 Chapter Three SWOT variables for the 22 cross-border areas 1. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Albania-Greece ……………………………………………………….. 47 2. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Albania-“the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” …………….. 50 3. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Albania-Montenegro ………………………………………………….. 53 4. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia …………………………………….. 55 5. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bosnia and Herzegovina-Serbia …………………………………….. 58 6. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro ……………………………….. 60 7. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bulgaria-Greece ……………….…………………………………….. 63 8. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bulgaria-“the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” …………….. 65 9. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bulgaria-Romania ……………….…………………………………….. 68 10. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bulgaria-Turkey ……………….…………………………………….. 70 11. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Bulgaria-Serbia ……………….…………………………………….. 73 12. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Croatia-Hungary ……………….…………………………………….. 75 13. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Croatia-Montenegro …………….…………………………………….. 77 14. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Croatia-Serbia ……………….…………………………………….. 80 15. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Serbia-Montenegro …………….…………………………………….. 82 16. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Greece-“the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” …………….. 85 17. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Greece-Turkey ……………….…………………………………….. 88 18. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Hungary-Romania ……………….…………………………………….. 91 19. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Hungary-Serbia ……………….…………………………………….. 93 20. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”- Serbia …………….. 95 21. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Moldova-Romania ……………….…………………………………….. 98 4 22. Prospects for “good” cross-border co-operation between Romania-Serbia ……………….…………………………………….. 100 23. An overview of strategies and institutional policies leading to effective cross-border co-operation ……………………………………………. 103 PART TWO CROSS-BORDER CO-OPERATION IN INDIVIDUAL BORDER AREAS Chapter Four The present scenarios of cross-border co-operation 1. Albania-Greece ……………………………………………………….. 111 Geographical and historical background …………………………… 111 Economic and infrastructural characteristics …………………………. 112 Cross-border declarations and agreements ………………………….. 113 Propensity towards cross-border co-operation ………………………. 115 Implemented projects ………………………………………………… 115 Elements of Swot analysis ……………………………………………. 117 2. Albania-“the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” ……..…. 119 Geographical and historical background …………………………… 119 Economic and infrastructural characteristics …………………………. 120 Cross-border declarations and agreements ………………………….. 120 Propensity towards cross-border co-operation ………………………. 122 Implemented projects ………………………………………………… 122 Elements of Swot analysis ……………………………………………. 123 3. Albania-Montenegro ..………………………………..…………….. 125 Geographical and historical background …………………………… 125 Economic and infrastructural characteristics …………………………. 127 Cross-border declarations and agreements ………………………….. 129 Propensity towards cross-border co-operation ………………………. 130 Implemented projects ………………………………………………… 131 Elements of Swot analysis ……………………………………………. 132 4. Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia ………….……………………….. 135 Geographical and historical background …………………………… 135 Economic and infrastructural characteristics …………………………. 136 Cross-border declarations and agreements ………………………….. 137 Propensity towards cross-border co-operation ………………………. 138 Implemented projects ………………………………………………… 138 Elements of Swot analysis ……………………………………………. 139 5 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina-Serbia …………………………………….. 140 Geographical and historical background …………………………… 140 Economic and infrastructural characteristics …………………………. 141 Cross-border declarations and agreements ………………………….. 141 Propensity towards cross-border co-operation ………………………. 142 Implemented projects ………………………………………………… 143 Elements of Swot analysis ……………………………………………. 143 6. Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro …………………………….. 145 Geographical and historical background …………………………… 145 Economic and infrastructural characteristics …………………………. 146 Cross-border declarations and agreements ………………………….. 147 Propensity towards cross-border co-operation ………………………. 148 Implemented projects ………………………………………………… 148 Elements of Swot analysis ……………………………………………. 149 7. Bulgaria-Greece……………………………………………………….
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