Iran's Telecom and Internet Sector: a Comprehensive Survey Open Research Network
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Iran’s Telecom and Internet Sector: A Comprehensive Survey Open Research Network [email protected] http://www.openresearch.net June 15, 1999 Document number 102–101–01/105–101–01 Release 1.0 c 1999 The Open Research Network. All rights reserved. This work may not in any way be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (The Open Research Network, [email protected]). Use in con- nection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Companies and individuals (especially those in Iran) who are interested in keeping the document alive and contributing to its updates, are cordially invited to send an email expressing their interest [email protected]. Camera-ready copy prepared by The Open Research Network using LATEX. Printed in the United States of America. Contents 1 Internet Usage Profile 1 1.1Pervasiveness.......................................... 2 1.2GeographicDispersion..................................... 6 1.3SectoralAbsorption....................................... 7 1.4 Sophistication of Use . ................................... 8 2 Internet Connectivity Infrastructure 9 2.1History............................................. 9 2.2InternalInternetConnectivity.................................. 10 2.2.1 ISDNandVSATLinks................................. 10 2.2.2 Protocolusage..................................... 10 2.2.3 Reliability ........................................ 12 2.3ExternalInternetConnectivity................................. 12 2.3.1 Protocolusage..................................... 16 2.3.2 Reliability ........................................ 16 3 Telecom Connectivity Infrastructure 17 3.1InternalTelecomConnectivity................................. 17 3.1.1 Fixed Telephone Lines . .............................. 17 3.1.2 LocalExchanges.................................... 20 3.1.3 Long-Distance Exchanges . .............................. 20 3.1.4 InternationalExchanges................................ 21 3.1.5 ChannelTypesandUsage............................... 21 3.1.6 GeographicCoverage.................................. 23 3.1.7 AreaCodes....................................... 25 3.2ExternalTelecomConnectivity................................. 25 3.2.1 FiberOpticalLinks................................... 25 3.2.2 Satellite Channels ................................... 26 4 Internet Organizational Infrastructure 29 4.1DomainNameProviders.................................... 29 4.1.1 IPM........................................... 29 4.1.2 NetworkSolutions................................... 31 4.2 Registries . ......................................... 32 4.2.1 RIPENCC....................................... 32 i CONTENTS ii 4.2.2 IPM........................................... 32 4.2.3 International Reliable Access Networks ........................ 32 4.2.4 TeleglobeInternational................................. 33 4.2.5 Gulfsat......................................... 33 4.2.6 OriginBV....................................... 33 4.2.7 Al-Multajahat...................................... 33 4.2.8 HolySee–Vaticancitystate.............................. 34 4.3Internetserviceproviders.................................... 34 4.3.1 0 and 1 Processing ................................... 35 4.3.2 AbdiNetwork...................................... 36 4.3.3 Aftab.......................................... 38 4.3.4 Apadana........................................ 39 4.3.5 Arayandeh....................................... 42 4.3.6 Avand.......................................... 43 4.3.7 CentralNet....................................... 44 4.3.8 Chapar Rasaneh . ................................... 45 4.3.9 DCI........................................... 47 4.3.10DPI........................................... 49 4.3.11Hafez.......................................... 53 4.3.12IPM........................................... 55 4.3.13Iranet.......................................... 57 4.3.14IRNET......................................... 57 4.3.15IROST......................................... 58 4.3.16Jame-eJam....................................... 60 4.3.17KafaSystem...................................... 60 4.3.18 Kanoon ......................................... 61 4.3.19Mavara......................................... 61 4.3.20MZ3.......................................... 63 4.3.21Nasim.......................................... 64 4.3.22NedaRayaneh..................................... 66 4.3.23Parand......................................... 69 4.3.24ParsSupala....................................... 69 4.3.25Peyamnetwork..................................... 70 4.3.26Safineh......................................... 71 4.3.27Sahlan.......................................... 74 4.3.28SystemGroup..................................... 74 4.3.29Tavana......................................... 75 4.3.30Virayeshgar....................................... 78 4.3.31Wireworm....................................... 79 4.3.32Zavosh......................................... 81 5 Telecom Organizational Infrastructure 82 5.1TelecomProviders....................................... 82 5.1.1 TelecommunicationCompanyofIran......................... 82 5.1.2 GlobalTel........................................ 82 CONTENTS iii 5.2 Government Research and development ............................ 83 5.2.1 ShahidGhandiCommunicationCables........................ 83 5.2.2 OpticalFiberManufacturingCompany........................ 83 5.2.3 Karaj Optical Fiber Cable Facility . ........................ 84 5.2.4 Iran Telecommunications Research Center . ................... 84 5.2.5 Sharif Electronics Research Center . ........................ 85 5.2.6 Iran Electronic Industries . .............................. 86 5.2.7 Shiraz Electronics Industries .............................. 87 5.2.8 Iran Communication Industries ............................. 88 5.2.9 InformationSystemsofIran.............................. 89 5.2.10 Electronic Component Industries ............................ 90 5.2.11 Iran Electronic Research Center ............................ 91 5.2.12TelecommunicationsManufacturingCompany.................... 91 5.2.13 Iran Telephone Planning and Development . ................... 91 5.3 Private or Semi-Private Commercial Entities . ........................ 92 5.3.1 Iran Telecommunications Industries . ........................ 92 5.3.2 ParsTelKar....................................... 92 5.3.3 Keresm Communications Research . ........................ 93 5.3.4 HiTelKar....................................... 93 5.4ForeignCompanies....................................... 94 5.4.1 Siemens......................................... 94 5.4.2 Nokia.......................................... 95 5.4.3 Alcatel......................................... 95 5.4.4 Ericsson ......................................... 96 5.4.5 ItalTel.......................................... 97 Disclaimer This is a work in progress and a living document. The most up-to-date version of this document can always be requested by writing to [email protected], or by accessing our web site at http://www.openresearch.net. While every care has been taken to assure the accuracy of the material presented here, The Open Re- search Network does not provide any formal or implied warranty related to this document. By way of example, the web page citations and their Internet addresses (URLs) provided in this report are accurate as of the date of this report. Due to the dynamic nature of the Internet, some web pages may have been modified or removed and the URLs of others changed since then. iv Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of the following individuals (in alpha- betical order): Iman Adibi, Abtin Afshar, Payman Arabshahi, Farbod Behbahani, Siamak Namazi, Reza Sadri, Mehran Sedigh, Kambiz Shoarinejad, Bijan Timsari, Afshin Yaminrafie, Amir Masoud Zarkesh, and Noushin Zarkesh. v Chapter 1 Internet Usage Profile This chapter reviews the framework for analyzing the development and status of the Internet within Iran following general guidelines established by the Global Information Technology Assessment Group (formerly the MOSAIC group). The principal components of the framework are six “dimensions” and an open-ended list of “determi- nants”. The six dimensions are: 1. Pervasiveness (number of users per capita) 2. Geographic Dispersion (physical dispersion of infrastructure and access) 3. Sectoral Absorption (connectivity in various social sectors) 4. Sophistication of Use (integration and innovation) 5. Connectivity Infrastructure (capacity and robustness of the infrastructure) 6. Organizational Infrastructure (degree of competition) Dimensions represent a number of interrelated factors that comprise the “Internet capability” of a nation. Each of the six dimensions is given a numeric score supported by a narrative discussion. Compilation and analysis of the determinants and relevant government policies not only establishes how the current situation came to be, but can inform decision-makers of the likely consequences