THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST. VOL 47, SEPTEMBER_OCTOtsER' 1962

OSARIZAWAITE FI{ONI WESTERN AUSTRALIAI R. C. Monnrs. GlaernmentChemical Laborotories, Perth, W esternAwsl.rolia.

ABSTRACT

Osarizawaite, a basic lead coPper aluminum sulfate of the group was first described from Japan by'Iaguchi in August 1961. In June of that year the same mineral was discovered in the Marble Bar area of western Australia, and independently derived data show close agreement in most respects with those of the Japanese work. The West Australian mineral has a color close to Ridgway's "Veronese Green" and occurs as friable aggregates of minute crystals commonly showing hexagonal outline and rarely the develop- ment of the rhombohedron. The mineral exhibits both uniaxial and biaxial character with mean n:1.72. Specificgravity 4.037, 4.167 (calc). The chemical analysis leads to an ideal- ized formula Pb(cuAlh(Sor)z(oH)e, and the mineral is the aluminum analogue of beaver- ite, Pb (Cu Fe)a(SOr)z(OH)0. X-ray powder diffraction data show that the mineral has a rhombohedral lattice with cell dimensions a:7.050 A, c:17.O25 A, c/a:2.415, ad:6.984 A, a:60'38'. By analogy to beaverite the spacegroup is R3rz.

INrnooucrroN

In June 196l a mineral sample was received by the Government Chemical Laboratories, Perth, Western Australia, from NIr. James Hendersonof Port Hedland, Western Australia, for routine determina- tion of the mineral contents.The sampleconsisted of light green,friable aggregatesof minute crystals associatedwith barite, quartz, hematite, goethite and clay. The green mineral proved to be a basic lead copper aluminum sulfate of the alunite group and the aluminum analogueof beaverite (Pb(CuFe)a(SO4)r(OH)6).At that time no referenceto the mineral was found in the available literature, and a paper describing the mineral under the name r(edgarite"was acceptedfor publication by the American l{ineralogist in lVlarch 1962. Subsequently' attention was drawn to a paper by Y. Taguchi describingthe same mineral under the name osarizawaitewhich appearedin the Japanesen4ineralogical Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 published in August 1961, and consequentlythe name "edgarite" has no validity. Data from the two papers have been incorporated in this present article, which also includesdata on the iron analogue,beaverite from a paper by Van Tassel(1958). OccunnnNCB The second known discovery of osarizawaite and the first Australian occurrenceof the mineralis on Mt. Edgar PastoralStation approximately

1 Published with the permission of the Director, Government Chemical Laboratories, Perth, Western Australia. r079 1080 k C. ,UORRLS

35 miles east-southeastof Nlarble Bar, the main center of the Pilbara Goldfield,North West Division of the State of WesternAustralia. The mineral occurs, associatedwith barite, qvartz, iron oxides and clay, as two narrow "pipes" resulting from small local crossfolds in the oxidizedportion of a steeplydipping, narrow quartz-baritevein contain- ing localizedcopper, lead and zinc minerals.The vein lies conformably within a belt of qtrartz and sericiteschists of the steeply dipping War- rawoonaSuccession, on the southeastmargin of a large,circular, granitic complexof younger Archaen age. Some40 feet from the osarizawaitethe vein containsa complexmixture of brochantite, Iinarite, iimonite, manganese oxides, , clay, anglesite,traces of cerussiteand an unidentified,clay-like, hydrous zinc copper aluminum silicate,all associatedwith vuggy quartz and barite. The type locality of osarizawaiteis the OsarizawaMine, Japan in the northeasternpart of Akita Prefecture(Taguchi, 1961),and the mineral occurs in the oxidized zone of lead-zinc-copperveins associatedwith anglesite, kaolin, limonite, linarite, aztrite, brochantite, malachite, chalcocite,covellite, , chalcedonyand hydrous manganeseoxides.

Srpen.+rros eNo PunmrcerroN During the preliminary investigation it was not realized that the mineral occurred plentifully at the discovery site, and only half the original sample was used to preparematerial for analysis. A rough concentrate contaminated with barite, iron-stained osarlza- waite and iron oxideswas obtained with a Frantz Isodynamic Separator. The final product of 4.5 g wasprepared by centrifugingthe finely crushed concentrate in Clerici solution, using tubes described by Cheeseman (1957). Repeated washing with hot distilled water removed all but a trace of thallium from the samole. No variation in the mean refiactive index of the mineral was observed beforeand after treatment.

Puvsrc,q.rPnopBnrrns In hand specimenthe West Australian mineral showsa slight range of color betweenRidgwayts "light VeroneseGreen" and "VeroneseGreent, (31'd-f). It occursas earthy friable encrustrationson barite and quartz together with minor clay, hematite and goethite. The specificgravity was obtained with a fused silica pycnometer of 10 ml capacity using the method describedby Ellsworth (1928).Air was removed from the fine-grained sample by subjecting the half-filled pycnometer to intermittent vacuum for periods of up to an hour. Of four results on the analyzedmaterial the lowest was 4.010, the highest OSARIZAWAIT]i 1081

'l',rlr,r 1. Opucar, Pnopnnrros or Os,lnrzew-q.rrB

ala:l.714+ .003 uniaxiaiand biaxialpositive elt:l.731+ .005 2V up to 15" Meann 1.72 birefringence0.017

Mean n of osarizauaitefrom Japan 1.735 1.757. strong.

4.022 and the mean 4.017+.005. With fine-grainedminerals of this type it is probable that the highest result of 4.022 is the most reliable, and recalculationof this figure after the removal of impurities (silica and adsorbedwater) gives the correctedspecific lJravity as 4.037. The The Japanesemateriall appears to be of two distinct types. analyzed.sample on which Taguchi's paper was based (Tables 3 and 9) has a color close to Ridgway's "Courge Green" (25'i)' and consists largely of discrete particles between 200 and 270 mesh. Ulany of the grains have hexagonaloutlines and much of this material appearsto be zoned, The second type which Taguchi refers to as "green-tinged" with ,,lowermean index" is almost identical in color and particle sizewith the West Australian material and he has stated3that this is probably the equivalent of the pure aluminous end member. There are, however, differencesin optical propertiesbetween the two green samples.

Opuc.q.r,Der,q, Under the microscopethe analyzedeight greenaggregates of osariza- waite are seen to consist of microscopicparticies ranging in diameter from approximately0.1pr to 10p.The larger particlesare generallyin the form of hexagonalplates but a few show the developmentof the rhombo- hedron on the basal pinacoid. Some particles form oriented aggregateshaving almost uniform ex- tinction, and from these, moderately well defined positive interference figures can be obtained. As with other members of the alunite and related groupsthe mineral exhibits both uniaxial and biaxial characterwith 2v up to 15o. The mean refractiveindex of the anaiyzed material for sodium light is 1.72, with af u=1.714 (measuredon aggregatesshowing lowest uni- form birefringence).

1 Supplied by Dr Y. Taguchi of the Mitsubishi Metal Mining Co., Ltd', Japan' 2 Determined by the writer-Taguchi describesit as the Japanesebush-warbler colour or greenish yellor.. 3 Personal communication. 1082 R. C. MORRIS

The light green Japanesemateriai has a mean refractive index of approximately 7.74and the lowest n of the aggregatesis approximately 1.725.This material was not analyzedand may representa transition between the pure aluminum end member and the iron-bearing analyzed. sample.some of the minute grainswithin the aggregatesshow first order bluesand greensrepresenting a birefringenceof the order of 0.04. In the anaryzedwest Australian material the maximum observed was yellow- white of the first order and the highest n of the aggregatesis approxi_ mately 1.73,suggesting a birefringenceconsiderably lower than that of the Japaneseequivalent.

CuBlrrcer .Dlr,c elro Drscussrotr Method.soJ analysis Lead was separatedas the sulfate and precipitated as the chromate; copper was obtained electrolytically; iron photometrically with thio- glycollic acid, and alumina by differencein the R2o3group. sulfur tri- oxide was precipitated as BaSO!, and the total water obtained by a modification of the Kuzurian method with sodium tungstate as the flux and magnesiumperchlorate as the absorbent. ChemicalProperties

The mineral is insoluble in water and dilute ammonium hydroxide but is readily soluble in hot dilute or concentratedhydrochloric and sulfuric acids, with the separation of the appropriate lead compounds. Nitric acid has little effect on the mineral. osarizawaite is stable at temperaturesup to 400o c., after which it gives off abundant water accompaniedby a change in color to drab green,and at dull red heat to a drab brown. Discussion

The chemicalanalysis shown in Table 2 gives the mineral the formula Pb(CuAl)3(SODr(OH)6.*HzO, which with the exception of the *HzO conformsto the generalformula of the alunite group, A+BBB+(S04)z(OH)u, in which the monovalent A+ position is almost filled by pf2+, s.nd eu2+ substitutesfor Al3+ in the 83+ position to give valence compensation (Dana,7tn edition). The small amount of iron presentin the analysis has been included with the copper and aluminum but courd be due to impurity in the sample rather than substitution for aluminum in the structure. The 1:l ratio of Pb:cu affords an internal check on the analysisas doesthe 3:2, (Cu*Al*Fe):SOa ratio; thus the presenceof the excess water is the one feature not accountedfor by the type formula of the OSARIZAWAITI':' 1083

Tesro 2. Cnortrc,q.r-Axar,v srs ol Osa'rrzewarrB, Pb (CuAI):(SO4)r(OH)G Analyst M. B. Costello

I Theor. Comp N'Iol. ratios Pb (Cu AIh Mol. ratios (sot, (oH)6

Pbo 33.15 0.913 36.07 CuO 11.83 o.e1sl 12.85 16.48 AlzOa l7.51 1.0s6 i2 . 001 FezOs 0.77 0.030J SO: 26.O2 |.999 25.87 H:O* t0.42 .t - .).) / 873 H:O- 0.09 Insoll 019

Total 99.98 100.00 l

G (meas.) 4.O37 G (calc.) 4.ro/

1 Including 0 174/aSrOl Spectroscopic analysis on hand picked material containing impurities (barite, iron oxides and quartz) confirmed major elements and showed the presence of traces of silver and titanium. Elements looked for but not found-As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, P, Sb, Sn, V, Zn' group. That this water is part of the structure and not adsorbedwater is shown by the results of the heating experiments (Table 5) in which only 0.09 of thetO.SlTo total water is driven ofi below 400'C' With a slight rise of temperatureto 410oC. the structural water beginsto dissociate from the molecule,and the mineral completely dehydratesby 515' C' Some of the excesswater may occupy vacant sites in the lattice in the unfilled A+ position as suggestedby Hendricks (1937),but this can account only for a small proportion of the excessin this case.A further possibilityis that the biaxial phasepresent in the sample,which was first suspectedfrom r-ray powder diffraction patterns and later confirmed by optical methods, owes its lattice strain to the inclusion of this excess water. If this is so the discrepancybetween the observedand calculated densitiesof the mineral (4.037 and 4.167 respectively)may perhapsbe explained. A similar case has been reported by Winchell for the allied mineral natrojarosite, NaFe3(SOn)r(OH)0,in which a hydrous form having a formula, NaFea(SOr)z(OH)u'H2O,has refractive indices and specific gravity appreciably lower than those reported for the normal anhydrous natrojarosite. The type osarizawaitefrom Japan also shows an excessof water 1084 R. C. MORRIS

Ta,sr,r 3. Cnrurcar, Awlr,ysrs or Osenrznwarm (JmeN) rnou Tlcucnr (1961)Tanr,r 1

oh Wt Mol prop Mol Recalc Ideal

Pbo 32.72ok 35.41o/o 35.+50h CUO 11.27 0.1417 12.20 12.40 ZnO 0.22 0.0027 0.24 0.24 FezO; 4.43 0.0277 4.79 4.72 Al2o3 12.35 0.tztr rJ.JO 13.18 SOr 22.92 o.2862 24.80 25 43 SiOz 2.18 AS 0.00 CaO 0.00 Mgo 0.00 CO: 0.45 H,O(+) 8.50 0 4717 20 8..58 H:O(-)

Total

Recalc.: Recalculateclto 1000/6alter deducting impurities Ideal: Ideal Pb(Cu, Zn)(Al, Fe):(SOr)z(OH)r in which C.',O/ZnO:1477/27 anrl F e20s/ Alzos: 277 / 1211.

(equivalent to 0.3 HzO) but with a molecularratio of unity for the pb positionand with minor substitution of Zn2+and Fe3+for Cu2+and Ala+ respectively.The mean n of this material is however,considerably higher than that of the West Australian mineral (Table 1). Analyses of beaverite have been reported in a number of Russian paperswhich were not availableto the writer,r and in three casesminor substitution of zinc for copper can be inferred from the chemical data. Three anaiysesof beaveritefrom van Tassel(1958) are shown in Table 4. Two of these are of material from the type locality, Beaver County, Utah, and the third from Kipushi, Katanga. The Kipushi mineral was very impure (3716 insolubles)but Van Tassel concludes:

par F'e+++sont si fr6quents dans le groups de I'alunite, qu'il ne semble pas n6cessairede considererl' comme essentialpour la beaverite et qu'il parait justifier d,identifier le min6ral de Kipushi comme une beaverite exempte d'aluminium. Il peut 0tre signald sous 1 Dr. M. Fleischer of the u.s.G.s. supplierl the referencesantl a summary of clata fronr these papers. OSARIZAWAITE

'Iaer,B 4. CnBurcer. ANelvsos or Bna.vcnrte, Pb(CuFe):(SOr)t(OH)u (From R Van Tassel (1958) Table 1)

1 K\rushi, Katanga

ol Sol. Ratios 0l Sol. Ratios /6 Soi. Ratios

Pbo 20.9 33.5 0.150 29.M 32.50 0.146 29.87 31.69 0.142 CuO 120 0 151 9.70 10.740.135 11.6912.40 0.156 Alzo: ncl 3.64 4.03 0.040 3.51 3.72 0.036 Fe:Oa 14.8 23.8 0 149 17.28 19.130.120 r7.99 19.080.119 NazOz 0 .07 0.11 KrO 0.11 0.17 SOs 12.4 19.9 o.249 21.32 23.60 0 295 22.92 24.32 0.30+ HsO- 0.15 0.25 Jo.oz10.oo o.s5s 0.17 0.18 8.61 0.478 HrO+ nd \ 8.t2 Insol Jt .l 10.05 5.92

10045 100.00 100.19100.00

1 and 3. Analysts R. Van Tassel and L. Van Stiphoudt 2. B. S. Butler and W. T. Schaller(1911) data of this 3. Sample supplied by A Pabst, from the type locality' X-ray powder material is shown in Table 8.

h6t6ro- ce rapport, qu'i l'occasion de l'interpr6tation d'une analyse d'une plumbojarosite gbn"'d'" Yellow Pine District, Nevada, A. Knopf (1915) appliqu6 la formule cuo'Pbo '3psr6r'4HzO, donc sans aluminium, pour le calcul de la teneur en beaverite " The analysesfrom the Russian sourcessupplied by Dr' Fleischer showedno evidence,apart from minor substitution,of an aluminum/iron seriesbetween osarizawaite and beaverite,and sinceintermediate mem- bers of the alunite/jarosite seriesare extremely rare in nature' it is not unreasonable to assume a similar condition for osarizawaite and beaverite.It is suggestedthat the formula for beaveriteshould be written as Pb(CuFe)r(SOo)z(OH)6in conformity with the acceptedformula for jarosite, KFer(SOa):(OH)e. It is of interestthat Hendricks(1937, p. 733)in discussingthe structural relationshipof the alunite and related groups has said ,,A particular mineral has the possibility of showing any of the various types of replace- various -".ri. . . . There is no explanation in the structure for the observation that the minerals are usually found free of extensive isomorphous replacement'"

Taguchi rejectsthe "Dana" conceptof inclusionof Cu with Fe and Al in beaverite,preferring the winchell formula of Pbcu(AlFe)r(so4)r(oH)6 and reasonsthat- +f accortling to the "The reolacement betr'veenCn++ ancl I''ef or t\l may be very cliflicult 1086 R- C. MORRIS

Tastr 5. Tnpnulr, Brnavron ol Osanzewarru

Cumulative loss Temp. " C. Time ft of weight

150 2hr 0.09 300 1] hr 0.09 370 thr 0.09 400 I nr 0.09 410 I hr 4.29 412 3hr 7qo 415-450 thr 9.31- 515 7hr 10.48 I

differences between their ionic radiir or their behaviours as metallic ion. rn fact, such an instance has not been known. Furthermore, the lead and copper are equal in molecular ratio in osarizawaite as well as in beaverite, while the ratios of ferric iron and aluminum are reversed."

rn view of this suggestionit must be pointed out that to enable the

can occupy.

X-nay Dare Powder diffraction patterns were taken using a philips 114.59mm camera, with asymmetric film mounting and both copper and iron radia- tion. copper radiation gave the best resolutionbut despitevariation in preparationof the specimenmost oJ the reflectionsin the region with d greaterthan 50" werediffuse and broad. This broadeningis probably due to the presenceof the biaxial phasein the sample. The first few lines of the patterns were indexedon a Bunn chart after

| /Cos20 Coszd\ t\ si; +-- ) and c was then calculated from the best reflectionsin the high angle I (--u2+0.83 A Fea+0.67 A AIB+0.50 A OSARIZAWAITD 1087

Tnsr-B 6. X-Rlv Pownrn DrrlnAcrrox Darn ron Osamz,lwertn CuKa: 1.542A, Ni Filter. Cameradiameter:114.59 mm Unit Cell Dimensions: Hexasonal a:7.O50L, c:17.025A Rhombohedral arn:6.984 A, a:60o 38' Axial ratio c/o:2.415

hkl d A (calc.) d A (obs.)

101 100 5.7468 5.75 003 111 5.6745 012 110 4.9614 4.97 110 10I 3.5250 3.52 m5 104 2ll 3 .4915 021 11r 3.0046 3.00 113 210 2.9943 015 221 2.97s7 202 200 2.873s 2.874 m 024 220 2.4806 2.485 w 21r 201 2.2867 2.2U m 205 311 2.2729 122 211 2.227r 2.227 wnl 116 32r 2.2104 300 2tt 2.0352 2.034 214 310 2.0287 018 332 2.0094 303\ 300\ 1.9157 r.9r7 033J 22r) t25 320 1.9103 027 331 1.9022 220 202 1.7625 1.762 208 422 1.7457 131 2t2 1.6850 1.684 223 311 1.6831 312 307 1.6606 1.661 2r7 421 1.6740 119 432 1.6668 401 JII I.JI/J 1.520 .'IJ 410 r.5162 o42 222 1.5024 1.502 01,11 M3 1.5003 226 420 r.4972 404 400 1.4368 1.438 321 302 1.3959 1.396 045 JJI 1.3928 137 430 r.3897 309\ (t?l 1.3855 039(| Mrl 1401 213-\ 4roJ sr2) r.3323 324 4lI 1.3305 318 521 1.3250 1088 R. C. MORRIS

Trwn 6.-(continued.)

hk1 d A (calc.) aA(ous)

1431 322\ ) 1 2971 1.298 1ls) 40rJ 407 .511 | .2929 0.51 ))i | 2180 1.218 327 520 1.2138 .502 11). 1.2087 1.208 146\ 13I\ | 2060 416l .510/. 330 303 1 1750 1. 17.5 054 332 t.ll.tl 241 Jln 1.1512 1 1.51 333 412 1. 1506 422 +02 1.1431 1 143 31,11 632 1.1424 2M 422 1 1136 1.tt1 .51I 412 1.0943 | 09+ +z) 517 1.0928 057 441 1.0913 10,16 655 1.0483 1.04.5 155 432 1.0438 247 s3T | 0425 060) ..-:\ooz) | .o176 | 0t7 600J t 2.l 128 620 1.0143 rcr) 423-'l s23l s02J 963.5 .963 s22 .9628 50,11 722 9587 .9.59 32,13 742 9566 01,17 665 9566 437 621 .9278 .926 612 512 .9256 42,tl /JI 9251 256\

Taslr 7. X-Rev Pownnn Darl ron Os,ltrzewerrE FRoM Tacucnr (1961) Taeln 2 CuKa (Ni filtered) 35 kV., 10 mA. Scale factor: 16, multiplier: 1 time constant: 4 sec., divergence slit:2i', receiving slit:0.2 m/m, scatter slit:2i", scanning speed: 1o/min.

hkl d(obs. ) cl(calc.) I

- -, i 003\ .5.7eA 5./44 1o1l J. /.) 012 5 4.98 4.98 104, 110 60 tqt 3.52 015, 113 100 3.00 3.00 006\ 60 2.87 I287 2o2) \ 2.88 024 20 2.49 2.49 r07 \ 60 2.28 I2.28 205,t21l i2.29 tl6, 122 30 2.23 2.23 214,018, 300 l0 2.03 203 00el 1 91-5 o27l 30 1.918 | 9t6 12sl 1.917 o33J 1.918 208\ 20 1 762 I1.760 220j l 1 762 | le I 1.682 2r7 | 20 1.683 1.683 223,.131) 1.685 10101 (1.658 036 | .5 1.660 1.660 J tz ) 11.661 0111 \ 10 1.519 1.5r7 315,,401i 1.520 02101 1.501 226 | 30 1.500 1.502 042 ) 1.503 00121 .) 1.436 1.436 1.439 t.394 10 1.397 1.395 r.396 1.330

5b 1.332 I. JJI t.332 r.295 10b 1.298 1.296 1.297 1.298

I Calculatedon the basisof a:7.05 it. c:17.n L. R C MORRIS

I'aslp 8. X-Rlv Powoet Dnre ron Bre,vrnrrr (From Table II R. Van Tassel (1958))

Kipushi, Katanga Beaver County, Utahr

CoKa Fe Filter FeKa Mn Filter 5.7 cm camera 11 4 cm camera

uhkl

.5.7eA s 884 VS 5.07 w 3.59 3.62 S w 3 .03 S 3.06 VS 2.92 !V 2.945 M 282 w 2.866 M 2.51 M 2.533 M 233 W 2.343 M 226 S 2.284 S 2.246 w 2.080 VW |.952 M 1.964 M l. 807 M 1.810 M | 766 w r.770 w t.730 w 1.699 w 1.680 1 686 w 1.658 w 1.536 t.544 w |.529 w 1.501 1 507 w 1.477 1.469 w 1.433 w f Nine otherlines.

I Resultsby A. Pabston analysis3, Table4.

values of Sin2 d for range. Finally -a chart was made for all Possible CuKa:1.542 L and d spacingscalculated from these figures. Reflections were present only when (k - h +l) : 3n, a condition satisfy- ing the obversesetting of the rhombohedronindexed on hexagonalaxes- Intensities were estimated visually. The d spacingsof the West Australian mineral agreeclosely with those reportedby Taguchi (Table 7) but the cell dimensionsderived from these valueswhile identicallor a, differ by 0.2 A for the c axis. with a conse- quent variation in the calculatedd spacingsand other unit cell constants. OSARIZAWAITE 1091

leer,B 9. Pnvsrcel eso Oprrcet Pnoponrrns oF OSARIZAwATIBnxo Brevenrtn (Column 2 & 3 ftom Taguchi (1961) Table 4)

Osatizawaite Beaverite Japan (Taguchi) Utah (Dana)

Hexagonal-I{, pyramidal Hexagonal-R, (?) ditrigonal pyramidal

R3m

7.0sA 7.2$A t7 23 t6.94 2.444 2.35t

earthy and {riable earthy and fri- 1nASSCS able masses

greenish yellolv canary yellolv

3.89-tl 02 4.20 4 36 1.31 (calc.) (calc.)

n:l 735-l 757 o variable 1.85+0.02 birefringencestrong birefringence

insol in water HNO:, Sol in HCI (boil) NHrCzHaOzSol in HCI or HrSO< (Conc boil)

X-ray powder data for beaveritedo not appearin the 1961 Edition of the Powder Data Fiie, and are quotedfrom Van Tassel(1958) in Table 6. A comparisonof the data lor alunite (ASTI'I 4-0865) with those of osarizawaitereveals a closecorrespondence in the positionsof the iines but a considerablevariation in the intensities.Jarosite may be similarly comparedwith beaveritewith the exceptionthat the strong line at 3.06 A (pabrt. Table 6) in beaveriteis not resolvedas two lines as in jarosite.

Acr

for this paper,in particular to the Deputy GovernmentXlineralogist NIr. G. H. Payne for directing the study and the arrangement of the field trip to the osarizawaitelocality; to Mr. M. B. Costellofor the painstaking analysisand discussionof the various associatedproblems; to Mr. N. L. \farsh for advice on the *-ray study and Mr. G. Dean for the spectro- scopicanalysis. The writer also wishes to express his appreciation of the assistance given by NIr. J. Henderson in procuring futher material for study and for his help during the field trip, and to 1\{r. D. Grose of Marble Bar and N{r. J. Edwards of Mt. Edgar Station for the loan of vehiclesin this connection. ProfessorR. T. Prider of the University of Western Australia read the original draft manuscript of the "edgarite" paper and his helpful sug- gestions are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to Dr. M. Fleischerof the U. S. GeologicalSurvey for supplying a number of referenceson beaverite, a summary of data from thesepapers, which wereunavailable to the writer, and a photocopy of Taguchi'sosarizawaite paper. Dr. Yasuro Taguchi of the l4itsubishi Metal Mining Company, Japan, supplied a number of specimensof his type material including some of the analyzed sample and the writer is particularly grateful for this excellenlmaterial-

Rnlnnnr.tcns

llurr.rn, B. S. (1913), Geology and ore deposits of the San Francisco and adjacent. dis- tricts, Utah U. S. Geol.Surv. ProJ. Pop.8O. Bu:rrtn, B. S. (1913), Sulphates and arsenatesin Utah. D,con.Geol.8,31l-322. Burr,en, B. S. aNo W. f. Scrrar.r.rn (1911), Some minerals from Beaver County, Utah. Amer. fow. Sci.32,418. Cntrsnnaw, D. R. (1957), A new technique in centrifugal separation. Canailion MineraL. 6, 153-154. Er,r,swonrn, H. V. (1928), A simple and accurate constant-volume pyknometer for specific gravity determinations. Minerol. Mog. 21, 431-435. Hrxonrcrs, S. B. (1937),'Ihe of alunite and the . Am. Mineral. 22, 773-784. Hrxnv, N. F. M., H. LpsoN ANo W A. Woosrm (1960), The Interpretation of X-Ray Difiraction Photographs, 2nd ed., Macmillan and Co. Ltd., London. Hrv, M. H. (1939), On the presentation of chemical analysesof minerals. Mineral. Mag. 25,402412. Monrconrnv, A. (1908), Report on the Pilbara and West Pilbara Goldfields. Geol. Surl. West.Aust., Bull.40, Appendix III, 85-88. P.llst, A. (1947), Some computations on svanbergite, woodhouseite and alunite. -4m. Mineratr. 32, 16-30. Par.ecnr, C , H. Brnlrlx lNl C. Fnoxont (1957), Dana's System of Mineralogy, 7th Ed. V. 2, 555-570. John Wiley & Sons, Nerv York. OSARIZAWAITE 1093

Rrocwev, R. (1912), Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Plate XVIII, A. Hoen and Co., Baltimore. ScnlrrEn, W. T. (1912), Some minerals from Beaver County, Utah. [/. S. Geol.Surt. Bu'1,1. 5O9,77. Taoucm, Y. (1961), On osarizawaite, a new mineral of the alunite group from the Osari- zawa mine, lapan. M'i,neral'.l. fapan.,3, (4), 181-194. VIN Tlssnr,, R. (1958), Jarosite, natrojarosite, beaverite, leonhardtite, et hexahydrite du Congo belge. Inst. Roy. Sci. Not. Belge,8til1.,34, (M), l-12. WrNcrnr,l, A. N. wrrrr Wrucnrll, H. (1951), Elements of Optical Mineralogy. 4th Ed. Pt II, 171. John Wiley & Sons,New York. 'I'he following references were not seen in the original by the writer and are included for the convenience of other workers in this field. Bolcov, G. P. (1956), Beaverite and its paragenesis in the zone of oxidation of sulfide deposits. Izt:est.Akail. Nauk Kazokh S.S.S.R., Ser. geol,.L956,23,63-73; Chem.Abs. sr,12761 (1957). Ivarov.r,, V. P. (1961),Thermograms of minerals.Zopiski Vses.Mineralog. Obshch.,9O, 50-90. K.rsvuov, A. K. (1958),Beaverite in Central Asia.U zbek Geol. Zhur. 1958,2,83-87; Chem. Abs.54,18209(1960). Kovar.rv et atr.(1961), Material,y Vses. Nauch-Issled.. Geol. Inst.45, 149-174. VttovsrnvA, I. V. (1960), New data on the mineralogy of the zone of oxidation of the Akchagyl deposit, central Kazakhstan.Kora Vwetrioaniya,31 74-116.

Manuscript recehd.March 4, 1962.