GABOREAU Stéphane Titre : Les Sulfates Phosphates D'aluminium Hydratés (APS) Dans L'environnement Des Gisements D'uraniu

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GABOREAU Stéphane Titre : Les Sulfates Phosphates D'aluminium Hydratés (APS) Dans L'environnement Des Gisements D'uraniu GABOREAU Stéphane Titre : Les sulfates phosphates d’aluminium hydratés (APS) dans l’environnement des gisements d’uranium associés à une discordance protérozoïque : caractérisation cristallochimique et signification pétrogénétique Laboratoire : HYDRASA UMR 6532 Directeurs de thèse : D. BEAUFORT et P. VIEILLARD Date de soutenance : 16/11/05 Table des matières TABLE DES MATIERES INTRODUCTION 13 PRÉSENTATION DU MÉMOIRE DE THÈSE 15 LES SULFATES PHOSPHATES D’ALUMINIUM 17 GÉNÉRALITÉS 17 FORMATION ET STABILITÉ 18 CLASSIFICATION 18 PROPRIÉTÉS CRISTALLOGRAPHIQUES 20 LES GISEMENTS D’URANIUM ASSOCIÉS À UNE DISCORDANCE PROTÉROZOÏQUE 25 GÉNÉRALITÉS 25 LES MODÈLES DE GENÈSE 27 PARTIE I 33 LES SULFATES PHOSPHATES D’ALUMINIUM DANS L’ENVIRONNEMENT DES GISEMENTS D’URANIUM ASSOCIÉS À DISCORDANCE PROTÉROZOÏQUE 33 INTRODUCTION 33 1 Table des matières CHAPITRE 1 37 ABSTRACT 38 INTRODUCTION 39 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING 40 SAMPLING 41 METHODS 42 RESULTS 43 PETROGRAPHIC RESULTS 43 Petrographic relationships between APS and hydrothermal clay phases 43 Petrographic relationships between APS and other phosphate minerals 46 CHEMICAL RESULTS 50 INTERPRETATION 51 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF APS MINERALS 51 SOURCE MATERIAL FOR APS MINERALS IN THE EARUF 54 APS MINERALS: MARKERS OF THERMODYNAMIC CONDITIONS 57 CONCLUDING REMARKS 59 REFERENCES 60 CHAPITRE 2 65 ABSTRACT 66 INTRODUCTION 67 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING 69 SAMPLING 71 METHODS 72 PETROGRAPHIC RESULTS 73 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN APS MINERALS AND CLAY ALTERATION 74 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN APS MINERALS AND OTHER ACCESSORY MINERALS 81 CHEMICAL RESULTS 82 DISCUSSION 85 CRYSTAL CHEMICAL VARIATIONS OF APS MINERALS 85 SOURCE MATERIAL FOR APS MINERALS 88 CONCLUDING REMARKS 90 REFERENCES 93 2 Table des matières PARTIE II 99 MODÉLISATIONS THERMODYNAMIQUES DES PARAGENÈSES MINÉRALES APS- ARGILES AUTOUR DES GISEMENTS D’URANIUM ASSOCIÉS À UNE DISCORDANCE PROTÉROZOÏQUE 99 INTRODUCTION 99 CHAPITRE 3 103 ABSTRACT 104 INTRODUCTION 105 METHODOLOGY 106 = Z+ DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETERS ∆GO M (AQ) AND ∆G°F,OX 106 INVENTORY AND SELECTION OF ∆G°F OF MINERALS BELONGING TO THE ALUNITE SUPERGROUP.108 = Z+ RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ∆G°F,OX AND ∆GO M (AQ)110 = RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ∆G°F,OX AND ∆GO MZ+(C)114 RESULTS 118 MINIMIZATION 118 DISCUSSION 119 ACCURACY OF THE MODEL.119 PREDICTION OF GIBBS FREE ENERGIES OF UNCOMMON MINERALS OF THE ALUNITE SUPERGROUP.120 CONCLUSIONS 123 REFERENCES 125 CHAPITRE 4 129 ABSTRACT 130 INTRODUCTION 131 ALTERATION PATTERNS IN UNCONFORMITY-TYPE DEPOSITS 133 CONCEPTUAL APPROACH AND COMPUTER PROGRAM 139 CONSTRAINTS ON THE INTENSIVE VARIABLES OF THE ALTERATION SYSTEM 140 THERMODYNAMIC DATA 142 AQUEOUS AND MINERALS DATA 142 RESULTS 145 3 Table des matières EARLY ALTERATION PROCESS 145 SYNORE ALTERATION PROCESS 146 Quartz mica-schist 148 Felsic gneiss 150 DISCUSSION 152 CONCLUDING REMARKS 156 REFERENCES 157 CONCLUSIONS GÉNÉRALES 163 FORMATION DES SULFATES PHOSPHATES D’ALUMINIUM 163 TRANSITION SVANBERGITE-FLORENCITE 164 LES PRINCIPAUX FACTEURS QUI CONTRÔLENT LA TRANSITION SVANBERGITE-FLORENCITE AUTOUR DES GISEMENTS ASSOCIÉS À UNE DISCORDANCE PROTÉROZOÏQUE 165 PEUT ON UTILISER LA TRANSITION SVANBERGITE-FLORENCITE COMME MARQUEUR DE PALÉOCONDITIONS DANS LES GISEMENTS 166 PERSPECTIVES 166 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 169 ANNEXES ANALYTIQUES 175 4 Liste des tableaux LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau 1. Classification des minéraux du groupe de l’alunite (Jambor, 1999). __________ 19 Tableau 2. Classification des minéraux du groupe de la beudantite (Jambor, 1999)._______ 20 Tableau 3. Classification des minéraux du groupe de la crandallite (modifiée à partir de Jambor, 1999) ___________________________________________________________ 21 Tableau 4. Etude de diffraction de rayons X sur monocristaux des APS du supergroupe de l’alunite – jarosite (Jambor, 1999) ___________________________________________ 22 Tableau 5. Principaux gisements d'uranium associés à une discordance protérozoïque (Canada) _______________________________________________________________ 28 Tableau 6. Principaux gisements d'uranium associés à une discordance protérozoïque (Australie)______________________________________________________________ 29 Tableau 7. Petrologic observations of the different samples associated to unconformity-type uranium deposits in the East Alligator River Uranium Field. ______________________ 42 Tableau 8. Microprobe analysis and structural formulae of representative APS minerals associated with unconformity-type uranium deposits in the East Alligator River Uranium Field.__________________________________________________________________ 49 Tableau 9. Thermodynamic values at 25°C of some minerals of the alunite supergroup____ 58 Tableau 10. Solubility products of dissolution reactions at 25, 200°C and 500 bars of the APS minerals ___________________________________________________________ 58 Tableau 11. Petrologic observations of the different samples associated to unconformity- type uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin. _________________________________ 71 Tableau 12. Results of electron microprobe analyses and structural formulas of APS minerals associated with unconformity-type uranium deposits in the Athabasca basin, Canada ________________________________________________________________ 83 5 Liste des tableaux Tableau 13. Gibbs free energies of formation of oxides and ions, and calculated parameters = Z+ ∆GO M (aq) of selected cations. __________________________________________ 107 Tableau 14. Values of solubility products and Gibbs free energy of formation of minerals + + + + + 2+ 2+ (K , Na , NH4 , Ag , H3O , Pb , Sr ) analog to jarosite. _______________________ 108 Tableau 15. Values of solubility products and Gibbs free energy of formation of phosphates and arsenates minerals.___________________________________________________ 110 Tableau 16. Chemical composition and selected, calculated and predicted Gibbs free energies of formation at 298K of some minerals of the alunite supergroup. __________ 112 Tableau 17. General equation of Gibbs free energy of formation from the oxides of alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6._______________________________________________________ 118 Tableau 18. General equation of Gibbs free energy of formation from the oxides of crandallite CaAl3(PO4)2(OH)5H2O. _________________________________________ 118 = Z+ Tableau 19. Values of parameter ∆GO M (c) obtained by minimization. _____________ 120 Tableau 20. Selected and predicted Gibbs free energies of formation of some minerals of the alunite supergroup. ______________________________________________________ 122 Tableau 21. Predicted Gibbs free energies of formation of some minerals of the alunite supergroup. ____________________________________________________________ 123 Tableau 22. Detailed computation of ∆G°f,ox of hinsdalite. _________________________ 124 Tableau 23. Detailed computation of ∆G°f,ox of hydronium jarosite. __________________ 124 Tableau 24. Average structural formulae of the three main populations of APS used in this work._________________________________________________________________ 138 Tableau 25. Chemical composition of the initial fluid (200°C, 600 bars). ______________ 141 Tableau 26. Molar composition of a quartz mica schist in the synore alteration process___ 142 Tableau 27. Molar composition of a felsic gneiss in the synore alteration process _______ 142 Tableau 28. Ce, Sr, P aqueous species, equations of dissociation and dissociation constants used in KINDISP._______________________________________________________ 143 Tableau 29. Thermodynamic data for phosphate minerals __________________________ 144 Tableau 30. Molar composition of a sandstone in the early diagenetic process. _________ 145 Tableau 31. Chemical composition of the sandstone derived fluid. ___________________ 148 Tableau 32. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées de ‘distales’ de la région de Pine Creek (EARUF, Australie). _______________________ 175 Tableau 33. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées ‘d’intermediate’ de la région de Pine Creek (EARUF, Australie). _________________ 176 6 Liste des tableaux Tableau 34. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées ‘de proximal’ de la région de Pine Creek (EARUF, Australie)._______________________ 177 Tableau 35. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées ‘de proximal’ de la région de Pine Creek (EARUF, Australie)._______________________ 178 Tableau 36. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées de ‘distal’ du bassin d’Athabasca (Canada). _____________________________________ 179 Tableau 37. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées de ‘distal’ du bassin d’Athabasca (Canada). _____________________________________ 180 Tableau 38. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées ‘d’intermediate’ du bassin d’Athabasca (Canada). _____________________________ 181 Tableau 39. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées de ‘proximale’ du bassin d’Athabasca (Canada). _________________________________ 182 Tableau 40. Analyses chimiques et formules structurales des APS des zones qualifiées de ‘proximale’ du bassin d’Athabasca (Canada). _________________________________ 183 7 Liste des figures LISTE DES FIGURES Figure 1. La structure de l’alunite, vu parallèle à l’axe a.____________________________ 23 Figure 2. Assemblage des continents à environ 900 Ma montrant la position des principaux gisements d'uranium
Recommended publications
  • Beaverite- Ptumbojarosite Solid Solutions
    Carudian Mineralogist Vol. 2l,pp. l0l-ll3 (1983) BEAVERITE- PTUMBOJAROSITE SOLID SOLUTIONS J. L. JAMBOR eNn J. E. DUTRIZAC CANMET, 555 Booth Steet, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OGl ABSTRACT pens6es par substitution d'hydronium. Bien qge les min6raux du groupe de la jgLrositeuent c -17 A, In synthetic plumbojarosite, incorporation of une raie de diffraction e I I A, observ6e dans plu- significant Cu or Zn (or both) increases with in- sieurs'6chantillons synthdtiques et naturels, mais creasing concentrations of Cu2+ or Zrf+ in solution sans relation avec Ia composition, indique que and, to a lesser extent, with increasing Pb/Fet+ certaines notions courantes sur la jarosite sont i ratio. Replacement of Fe3+ by Znz+ is minor, but r6viser' the replacement by Cu2+ is sufficient to indicate (Traduit par la R6daction) that a compositional series probably extends from plumbojarosite Pb[Fe"(SOJ:(OH)"1, to beaverite Mots-clls: plumbojarosite, beaverite, osarizawaite, PbCuFer(SOJr(OH)e. In the synthetic series, the syntldse de jarosite, substitution (Fe, Cu) et atomic ratio Pb:(C\ f Zn) deviates from the ex- (Fe, Zn), solution solide plumbojarosite-beaverite. pected value l:1, and vacancies in R sites (involving Fe"+, Cu2+, Zn2+) are sornmon. Variations in cell parameters calculated from X-ray powder patterns INrnonuctroN show that c is related mainly to tbe amount of Cu2* that has replaced Fe3+; a is controlled princi- Metallurgical interest in beaverite PbCuFez pally by the proportions of Cu, Zn and Fe and the (SO4)r(OH)sand copper-zinc-bearing synthetic vacant R sites. Apparently significant deficiencies in plumbojarosite Pb[Fes(SO,),(OH)o],has increased alkali-site occupancy in jarosite partly may be com- recently as a result of the recognition that pensated by hydronium substitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Identification Product identifier TWINRIX ADULT Other means of identification Synonyms TWINRIX ADULT INJECTION 720 EL U AND 20 MCG/ML * TWINRIX SUSPENSION FOR INJECTION * TWINRIX ADULT PRE-FILLED SYRINGE * TWINRIX ERWACHSENE AMPULLE MIT 1 ML SUSPENSION * TWINRIX ERWACHSENE FERTIGSPRITZE MIT 1 ML SUSPENSION * HAB ADULT (720/20) * COMBINED HEPATITIS A/HEPATITIS B VACCINE * TWINRIX VACUNA COMBINADA ANTIHEPATITIS A Y B * TWINRIX VACUNA CONTRA LA HEPATITIS A Y B * TWINRIX ADULTO * AMBIRIX * HEPATITIS A VIRUS ANTIGEN (HM175) AND r-DNA HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBsAg) COMBINED VACCINE Recommended use Medicinal Product This safety data sheet is written to provide health, safety and environmental information for people handling this formulated product in the workplace. It is not intended to provide information relevant to medicinal use of the product. In this instance patients should consult prescribing information/package insert/product label or consult their pharmacist or physician. For health and safety information for individual ingredients used during manufacturing, refer to the appropriate safety data sheet for each ingredient. Recommended restrictions No other uses are advised. Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor information COMPANY NAME GlaxoSmithKline US Address: 5 Moore Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Telephone: +1-888-825-5249 (General Inquiries) Email: [email protected] Website: www.gsk.com EMERGENCY CONTACTS CHEMTREC EMERGENCY NUMBERS Telephone: +(1) 703 527 3887 (International) 24/7; multi-language response Contract Number: CCN9484 VERISK 3E GLOBAL INCIDENT RESPONSE Telephone: +(1) 760 476 3971 (In country) +(1) 760 476 3962 or +(1) 866 519 4752 (International) 24/7; multi-language response Contract Number: 334878 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Aluminum Phosphates
    Dr. Ralf Giskow, The Variety of Phosphates Jörg Lind, Erwin Schmidt Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG, for Refractory and Technical D-55257 Buden- heim www.budenheim- Applications by the Example cfb.com of Aluminium Phosphates In 1669 the chemical element phos- Phase-I-content influences, for phorus was discovered by H. Brandt, example, the dissolution property of an alchemist. In 1694 Boyle made STPP in water. The choice of the the first phosphoric acid by dissolv- right phosphate can already be the ing phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in crucial point even with such a “sim- water. This was the start of the phos- ple“ phosphate like sodium tripoly- phorus chemistry. Since this time phosphate. phosphoric acid and its salts have a The next step into the direction firm place in chemistry and technical of complexity is a phosphate called applications. Phosphates are part of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) our life and are used in a variety of in colloquial language. In fact, the ways also in industrial fields like chemical name is a mistake. The refractories, glass, ceramics, con- name sodium hexametaphosphate struction industry and for a lot of would stand for a sodium phosphate other technical purposes. with a ring structure (“meta”). But SHMP has a chaintype structure as can be proved. These melted glassy polyphosphates (SHMP) with pH-val- Fig. 1 Phosphates in Refractory phosphates are polyphosphates with ues between three and nine, most of FABUTIT 734, a modified STPP and Technical Industries different chain lengths. The average the products also in an instantised against a standard The most common and well known chain length and thus the properties quality (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Sodium Aluminium Phosphate, Acidic
    SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC Prepared at the 61st JECFA (2003) and published in the Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications, FAO JECFA Monographs 1 (2005). A PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw for aluminium was established at the 74th JECFA (2011). SYNONYMS SALP; INS No. 541(i) Chemical names Sodium trialuminium tetradecahydrogen octaphosphate tetrahydrate; trisodium dialuminium pentadecahydrogen octaphosphate Chemical formula NaAl3H14(PO4)8 · 4H2O Na3Al2H15(PO4)8 Formula weight NaAl3H14(PO4)8 · 4H2O: 949.88 Na3Al2H15(PO4)8: 897.82 Assay Not less than 95% of NaAl3H14(PO4)8 · 4H2O or not less than 95% of Na3Al2H15(PO4)8 DESCRIPTION White, odourless powder FUNCTIONAL USES Raising agent CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFICATION Solubility (Vol. 4) Insoluble in water; soluble in hydrochloric acid pH (Vol. 4) Acid to litmus Test for aluminium Passes test (Vol. 4) Test a 1 in 10 solution in dilute hydrochloric acid (1 in 2) Test for sodium (Vol. 4) Passes test Test a 1 in 10 solution in dilute hydrochloric acid (1 in 2) Test for phosphate Passes test (Vol. 4) Test a 1 in 10 solution in dilute hydrochloric acid (1 in 2) PURITY Loss on ignition (Vol. 4) NaAl3H14(PO4)8 · 4H2O: 19.5 - 21% (750-800°, 2 h) Na3Al2H15(PO4)8 : 15 - 16% (750-800°, 2 h) Fluoride (Vol. 4) Not more than 25 mg/kg (Method I) Arsenic (Vol. 4) Not more than 3 mg/kg (Method II) Lead (Vol. 4) Not more than 2 mg/kg Determine using an AAS/ICP-AES technique appropriate to the specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample preparation may be based on the principles of the methods described in Volume 4 (under “General Methods, Metallic Impurities”).
    [Show full text]
  • Aluminium Distearate, Aluminium Hydroxide Acetate, Aluminium Phosphate and Aluminium Tristearate
    The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit EMEA/MRL/393/98-FINAL April 1998 COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS ALUMINIUM DISTEARATE, ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE ACETATE, ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE AND ALUMINIUM TRISTEARATE SUMMARY REPORT 1. Aluminium is an ubiquitous element in the environment. It is present in varying concentrations in living organisms and in foods. Aluminium compounds are widely used in veterinary and human medicine. Other uses are as an analytical reagent, food additives (e.g. sodium aluminium phosphate as anticaking agent) and in cosmetic preparations (aluminium chloride). Aluminium distearate is used for thickening lubricating oils. Aluminium hydroxide acetate and phosphate are antacids with common indications in veterinary medicine: gastric hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, gastritis and reflux esophagitis. A major use of antacids in veterinary medicine is in treatment and prevention of ruminal acidosis from grain overload, adsorbent and antidiarrheal. The dosage of aluminium hydroxide is 30 g/animal in cattle and 2 g/animal in calves and foals. Gel preparations contain approximately 4% aluminium hydroxide. Aluminium potassium sulphate is used topically as a antiseptic, astringent (i.e. washes, powders, and ‘leg tighteners’ for horses (30 to 60 g/animal) and antimycotic (1% solution for dipping or spraying sheeps with dermatophilus mycotic dermatitis). In cattle it is occasionally used for stomatitis and vaginal and intrauterine therapy at doses of 30 to 500 g/animal. In human medicine, aluminium hydroxide-based preparations have a widespread use in gastroenterology as antacids (doses of about 1 g/person orally) and as phosphate binders (doses of about 0.8 g/person orally) in patients an impairment of renal function.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 3106176 B1
    (19) TZZ¥_Z__T (11) EP 3 106 176 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 39/12 (2006.01) A61K 39/39 (2006.01) 11.10.2017 Bulletin 2017/41 (21) Application number: 16183076.5 (22) Date of filing: 06.12.2012 (54) ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS FOR USE IN THERAPEUTICS AND VACCINES ALUMINIUMVERBINDUNGEN ZUR VERWENDUNG FÜR THERAPEUTIKA UND IMPFSTOFFE COMPOSÉS D’ALUMINIUM POUR UTILISATION DANS DES PRODUITS THÉRAPEUTIQUES ET VACCINS (84) Designated Contracting States: (56) References cited: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB WO-A2-2009/158284 US-A1- 2005 158 334 GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • SRIVASTAVA A K ET AL: "A purified inactivated Japaneseencephalitis virus vaccine made in vero (30) Priority: 06.12.2011 EP 11192230 cells", VACCINE, vol. 19, no. 31, 14 August 2001 13.03.2012 PCT/EP2012/054387 (2001-08-14), pages 4557-4565, XP027321987, ELSEVIER LTD, GB ISSN: 0264-410X [retrieved (43) Date of publication of application: on 2001-08-14] 21.12.2016 Bulletin 2016/51 • ANONYMOUS: "Rehydragel Adjuvants. Product profile", General Chemical , 2008, pages 1-2, (60) Divisional application: XP002684848, Retrieved from the Internet: 17185526.5 URL:http://www.generalchemical.com/assets/ pdf/Rehydragel_Adjuvants_Product_Profile.p df (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in [retrieved on 2012-10-08] accordance with Art. 76 EPC: • LINDBLAD, EB: "Special feature. Aluminium 12795830.4 / 2 788 023 compoundsfor usein vaccines", IMMUNOL.
    [Show full text]
  • Jerzdissertation.Pdf (5.247Mb)
    Geochemical Reactions in Unsaturated Mine Wastes Jeanette K. Jerz Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Sciences Committee in charge: J. Donald Rimstidt, Chair James R. Craig W. Lee Daniels Patricia Dove D. Kirk Nordstrom April 22, 2002 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage, Pyrite, Oxidation Rate, Efflorescent Sulfate Salt, Paragenesis, Copyright 2002, Jeanette K. Jerz GEOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN UNSATURATED MINE WASTES JEANETTE K. JERZ ABSTRACT Although mining is essential to life in our modern society, it generates huge amounts of waste that can lead to acid mine drainage (AMD). Most of these mine wastes occur as large piles that are open to the atmosphere so that air and water vapor can circulate through them. This study addresses the reactions and transformations of the minerals that occur in humid air in the pore spaces in the waste piles. The rate of pyrite oxidation in moist air was determined by measuring over time the change in pressure between a sealed chamber containing pyrite plus oxygen and a control. The experiments carried out at 25˚C, 96.8% fixed relative humidity, and oxygen partial pressures of 0.21, 0.61, and 1.00 showed that the rate of oxygen consumption is a function of oxygen partial pressure and time. The rates of oxygen consumption fit the expression dn −− O2 = 10 648...Pt 05 05. dt O2 It appears that the rate slows with time because a thin layer of ferrous sulfate + sulfuric acid solution grows on pyrite and retards oxygen transport to the pyrite surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Type Minerals / Marco E
    THE AUTHORS This book describes one by one all the 264 mi- neral species first discovered in Italy, from 1546 Marco E. Ciriotti was born in Calosso (Asti) in 1945. up to the end of 2008. Moreover, 28 minerals He is an amateur mineralogist-crystallographer, a discovered elsewhere and named after Italian “grouper”, and a systematic collector. He gradua- individuals and institutions are included in a pa- ted in Natural Sciences but pursued his career in the rallel section. Both chapters are alphabetically industrial business until 2000 when, being General TALIAN YPE INERALS I T M arranged. The two catalogues are preceded by Manager, he retired. Then time had come to finally devote himself to his a short presentation which includes some bits of main interest and passion: mineral collecting and information about how the volume is organized related studies. He was the promoter and is now the and subdivided, besides providing some other President of the AMI (Italian Micromineralogical As- more general news. For each mineral all basic sociation), Associate Editor of Micro (the AMI maga- data (chemical formula, space group symmetry, zine), and fellow of many organizations and mine- type locality, general appearance of the species, ralogical associations. He is the author of papers on main geologic occurrences, curiosities, referen- topological, structural and general mineralogy, and of a mineral classification. He was awarded the “Mi- ces, etc.) are included in a full page, together cromounters’ Hall of Fame” 2008 prize. Etymology, with one or more high quality colour photogra- geoanthropology, music, and modern ballet are his phs from both private and museum collections, other keen interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Progress Report Antacids and Peptic Ulcer-A Reappraisal
    Gut: first published as 10.1136/gut.20.6.538 on 1 June 1979. Downloaded from Gut, 1979, 20, 538-545 Progress report Antacids and peptic ulcer-a reappraisal There is a considerable difference of opinion between clinicians on opposite sides of the Atlantic about the role of antacid therapy in peptic ulcer. As a result of Doll's work1 most clinicians in the United Kingdom have considered antacids to be of symptomatic benefit only, but without effect on the natural history of disease. In the United States, however, antacids have remained the basic medical treatment for peptic ulcer and large quantities are prescribed in intensive regimens with the belief that they accelerate ulcer healing. Such a difference of opinion usually means that the treatment in question is without any dramatic effect and objective assessment is therefore different. It is in this field that randomised, controlled trials are most helpful, indeed vital2. Carbenoxolone3 and recently the H 2-receptor antagonists4'5 have been tested in this way and found to be effective in healing peptic ulcer. We feel a review of similar work on antacids is appropriate. The use of antacids is based on the premise that gastric acid plays some part in the causation of peptic ulcer and also on the observation that symptoms are often relieved by antacid preparations. Schwarz's dictum, 'no acid-no ulcer', is still valid, though the pattern of acid secretion is different in gastric and duodenal ulcer. Hypersecretion of acid is probably a more important http://gut.bmj.com/ factor in duodenal ulcer, though several aspects of the pathophysiology remain controversial6.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Compositions Having Cytoprotective Properties
    Europaisches Patentamt J European Patent Office Office europden des brevets @ Publication number: 0 220 849 B1 EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication of patent specification : © int CI.5 : A61K 33/08, //(A61K33/08, 27.02.91 Bulletin 91/09 33:00, 31:19) @ Application number : 86307619.6 (§) Date of filing : 02.10.86 (si) Pharmaceutical compositions having cytoprotective properties. The file contains technical information (73) Proprietor: AMERICAN HOME PRODUCTS submitted after the application was filed and CORPORATION not included in this specification 685, Third Avenue New York, New York 10017 (US) (§) Priority: 08.10.85 US 785417 20.02.86 US 831756 (72) Inventor : Borella, Luis Enrique 5 Jacob Drive Lawrenceville New Jersey (US) (43) Date of publication of application : Inventor : Dijoseph, John Francis 06.05.87 Bulletin 87/19 571 Linden Avenue Woodbridge New Jersey (US) Inventor : Mir, Ghulam Nabi (45) Publication of the grant of the patent : P.O. Box 392 27.02.91 Bulletin 91/09 Buckingham Pennsylvania 18912 (US) Inventor: Reuter, Gerald Louis 23 Crescent Drive (84) Designated Contracting States : Pittsburgh New York 12901 (US) AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE (74) Representative : Porter, Graham Ronald et al @ References cited : C/O John Wyeth & Brother Limited FR-A- 2 103 569 Huntercombe Lane South Taplow CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 80, no. 26, 1st Maidenhead Berkshire, SL6 0PH (GB) July 1974, pages 193-194, no. 149115a, Colum- bus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-74 13 319 CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 98, no. 17, 25th April 1983, page 47, no. 137460L Columbus, Ohio, US; I.
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA Free Access to Supportive Pharmacopoeial Texts in the Field of Vaccines for Human Use During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic
    EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA Free access to supportive pharmacopoeial texts in the field of vaccines for human use during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic Updated package - October 2020 Published in accordance with the Convention on the Elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia (European Treaty Series No. 50) European Directorate Direction européenne for the Quality de la qualité of Medicines du médicament & HealthCare & soins de santé Council of Europe Strasbourg Free access to supportive pharmacopoeial texts in the field of vaccines for human use during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic Updated package The EDQM is committed to supporting users during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – as well as contributing to the wider global effort to combat the virus – by openly sharing knowledge and providing access to relevant guidance/standards. To support organisations involved in the development, manufacture or testing of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, many of which are universities and small and medium-sized enterprises, the EDQM is offeringte mporary free access to texts of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) in the field of vaccines. This package includes quality standards for vaccines which developers can take into account to help build appropriate analytical control strategies for their COVID-19 candidate vaccines and ensure the quality and safety of the final product. Application of such quality requirements may ultimately help to facilitate regulatory acceptance of a subsequent marketing authorisation application. For ease of reading, a summary table listing the pharmacopoeial texts, with information regarding the vaccine types or vaccine platforms concerned (e.g. live attenuated viral vaccine, recombinant viral-vectored vaccines) is provided.
    [Show full text]