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Australian Forestry Australian Forestry Australian Forestry is published by the Institute of Foresters of Australia (IFA) for technical, scientific and professional communication relating to forestry in Australia and adjacent geographic regions. The views expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of the IFA. The journal is included in the Register of Refereed Journals maintained by the Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training. The IFA gratefully acknowledges a grant provided by the Australian Government and State and Territory forestry and forest products agencies through the Forestry and Forest Products Committee to assist in the preparation and production of Australian Forestry. Managing Editor: Dr Brian Turner Production Editor: Mr Alan Brown Editorial Panel: Dr Stuart Davey Dr Ross Florence Dr Graeme Siemon Mr Neil (Curly) Humphreys Dr Ian Bevege Dr John Herbohn Dr Grant Wardell-Johnson Dr Humphrey Elliott Contributions Contributions to this journal are sought covering any aspect of forest ecology, forest management, forest policy and land use related to Australia and the South Pacific region. Contributions related to the performance of Australian tree genera elsewhere in the world are also welcome. Instructions to authors are given inside the back cover of each issue. Contributions should be sent to the Executive Director at the address below. This issue This issue of Australian Forestry presents the first five papers in a comprehensive series titled ‘Achievements in the genetic improvement of forest trees in Australia and New Zealand’, together with an introduction to the series. In the three decades since the Third World Consultation on Forest Tree Breeding, sponsored by IUFRO and FAO, was held in this country in 1977, tree improvement has become an essential tool in the cultivation of niche crops as well as major species. The editors wish to thank Garth Nikles for the assistance he has provided to Ross Florence in bringing this series to our readers. Journal subscriptions 2007 A$240 including GST within Australia A$270 per year for all other countries All correspondence relating to subscriptions should be addressed to: Executive Director, The Institute of Foresters of Australia, PO Box 7002, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia. Phone: 61 2 6281 3992. Fax: 61 2 6281 4693. Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.forestry.org.au Cover The front cover features African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis. This is a promising plantation tree for northern Australia, tolerant of difficult sites and producing a high-value timber. The story behind the recognition of its promise, and work to realise its potential, are described by Garth Nikles on pages 68–69 of Volume 69 of Australian Forestry. He also selected the photos and prepared the captions. Photo 1. Butt logs (mainly), from selected trees in 32-y-old, unmanaged stands of African mahogany grown in the Darwin region of the Northern Territory (NT). They were used in a study of sawn timber recovery, timber drying schedules and wood properties, and for manufacturers’ evaluations of the timber. (Photo by courtesy of Don Reilly.) Photo 2. Award-winning set of chess table and chairs made from timber from a sample of the logs of Photo 1. It won three ‘Australian Furniture of the Year Awards, 2004’ sponsored by the Furniture Industry Association of Australia: the Queensland and national awards in the category ‘Excellence in furniture using Australian plantation timber’; and the Queensland ‘Best-of-the-best’ (across categories) award. (Photo by courtesy of Ray Burgess, Sight Photographics, via the manufacturer, Paragon Furniture, Brisbane.) Photo 3. A rooted cutting of African mahogany at 10 mo from planting in a clone test established in the Darwin region of the NT in January 2005. At 12 mo from planting, some trees were nearly 3.5 m high. (Photo by courtesy of Beau Robertson.) Photo 4. Pods on a graft of African mahogany in a clonal seed orchard planted near Darwin in December 2001. The pods are about 35 mm in diameter some 3 mo after flowering. (Photo by courtesy of Beau Robertson.) Photo 5. Part of an unmanaged stand of African mahogany aged 25 y derived from natural-stand seed. It was established on back-filled land following surface mining for bauxite at Weipa, Queensland. The central, dominant tree is 48 cm dbhob and one of 36 superior trees selected so far and used in the conservation and genetic improvement program at Weipa. (Photo by courtesy of Alan Bragg.) Photo 6. A pruned, 8-y-old stand of African mahogany, derived from unimproved seed, planted privately at 5 m × 2.5 m (800 trees ha–1), not thinned, near Bowen, in coastal central Queensland. The tree being measured had a dbhob of 17.1 cm. (Photo by courtesy of Geoff Dickinson.) ISSN 0004-9158 ACN 083 197 586 Australian Forestry The Journal of the Institute of Foresters of Australia Volume 70 Number 1, 2007 ISSN 0004-9158 Australian Forestry, Volume 70 Number 1, March 2007 Contents Page 1 Guest editorial: The turn of the forestry wheel Roger Underwood 3 Achievements in the genetic improvement of forest trees in Australia and New Zealand: a series of papers presented in this and following issues of the journal The Editor 4 Achievements in forest tree genetic improvement in Australia and New Zealand 1: Eucalyptus pilularis Smith tree improvement in Australia Michael Henson and Helen J. Smith 11 Achievements in forest tree genetic improvement in Australia and New Zealand 2: Development of Corymbia species and hybrids for plantations in eastern Australia David J. Lee 17 Achievements in forest tree genetic improvement in Australia and New Zealand 3: Tree improvement of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden Helen J. Smith and Michael Henson 23 Achievements in forest tree genetic improvement in Australia and New Zealand 4: Tree improvement for low-rainfall farm forestry C.E. Harwood, D.J. Bush, T. Butcher, R. Bird, M. Henson, R. Lott and S. Shaw 28 Achievements in forest tree genetic improvement in Australia and New Zealand 5: Genetic improvement of Douglas-fir in New Zealand C.J.A. Shelbourne, C.B. Low, L.D. Gea and R.L. Knowles 33 Effects of height on physical properties of wood of jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia) Md Qumruzzaman Chowdhury, A.Z.M. Manzoor Rashid, Md Shah Newaz and Mabubul Alam 37 Wood and fibre productivity potential of promising new eucalypt species for coastal Zululand, South Africa Robin A.W. Gardner, Keith M. Little and Athol Arbuthnot 48 Genetic variation in survival and growth of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus in Ethiopia Tesfaye Hunde, Belachew Gizachew and Chris Harwood 53 Managing insect pests in Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) plantations in Victoria using insecticide tablets at establishment N.G. Collett and J. McBeath 61 GIS-based tools for management of pine plantations, Queensland, Australia Micaela Preda, Kenneth A. Bubb and Malcolm E. Cox 70 Book review: Forestry and Environmental Change: Socioeconomic and Political Dimensions J. Schirmer 72 Referees 2006 Roger Underwood 1 Guest editorial The turn of the forestry wheel The last 10–15 years have seen two of the most dramatic changes consultations, draft documents, workshops, interstate consult- to Australian forestry since forest management by professionally ants, re-consultation, final plans, ministerial appeals and trained foresters began 90-odd years ago. decisions. A simple management plan for a patch of bush can take five years to prepare, and even then the final document is The first has been the transfer of extensive areas of native forests more about pressure group appeasement than providing a from state forests to national parks. State governments have blueprint for action. chalked this up as a political coupe and it has brought satisfaction to those in the community who regard national parks as the highest The most serious changes associated with the new agencies are form of land use.The change, however, has not been uniformly philosophical and cultural. In the new agencies, forests and welcomed, and there have been social and economic downsides. forestry are no longer the heart and soul of the business or a For example, the contraction in permitted forest uses (notably life-consuming passion. Their responsibilities are immense and the cessation of timber production and some other economic complex. Moreover, the upper echelons rarely consist of staff activities) has led to changed financial arrangements. Forest who have actually worked in the bush. It is now almost unknown managers unable to generate revenue have been forced to for departmental senior staff to have cut their teeth as young compete with health, education, and law and order for finite officers running a remote forest district, defending their patch treasury funds, generally without community support. This in turn from fires, regenerating cutover bush or carrying out silvicultural has led to contractions in forest staff and some operations. research. Nor have they learned what it is like to live in, come to understand, and contribute to life in a small rural community. In From the perspective of the forest, the tenure (i.e. state forest a modern bureaucracy, the name of the game is political survival. or national park) does not matter. What does matter is how the forests are managed. Is the new approach to forest management working? By this I mean are our forests in better shape now than 10–15 years ago? This brings me to the second great change: the revolution in the My view is that they are not, one indicator being the extensive administration of our public forests. In Queensland, New South crown decline in the once-beautiful and healthy wandoo and tuart Wales, Victoria and Western Australia the professionally-led forests, and elsewhere. Just as dramatic has been the deterioration forests departments or forestry commissions set up in the early in the standard of bushfire management, a fundamental require- years of the 20th century have disappeared.
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