DOCSLIB.ORG

Reciprocal and Advanced Generation Hybrids Between Corymbia Citriodora and C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reciprocal and Advanced Generation Hybrids Between Corymbia Citriodora and C Reciprocal and advanced generation hybrids between Corymbia citriodora and C. torelliana: forestry breeding and the risk of gene flow Geoffrey Dickinson, Helen Wallace, David Lee To cite this version: Geoffrey Dickinson, Helen Wallace, David Lee. Reciprocal and advanced generation hybrids between Corymbia citriodora and C. torelliana: forestry breeding and the risk of gene flow. Annals of Forest Sci- ence, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2012, 70 (1), pp.1-10. 10.1007/s13595- 012-0231-2. hal-01201452 HAL Id: hal-01201452 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01201452 Submitted on 17 Sep 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annals of Forest Science (2013) 70:1–10 DOI 10.1007/s13595-012-0231-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Reciprocal and advanced generation hybrids between Corymbia citriodora and C. torelliana: forestry breeding and the risk of gene flow Geoffrey R. Dickinson & Helen M. Wallace & David J. Lee Received: 16 April 2012 /Accepted: 27 July 2012 /Published online: 17 August 2012 # INRA / Springer-Verlag France 2012 Abstract the style and reduced numbers of ovules penetrated by & Context Corymbia F1 hybrids have high potential for pollen tubes. Reproductive isolation was weakest within plantation forestry; however, little is known of their repro- the C. citriodora subsp. citriodora maternal taxon, with ductive biology and potential for genetic pollution of native two hybrid backcrosses producing equivalent capsule and Corymbia populations. seed yields to the intraspecific cross. & Aims This study aims to quantify the influence of repro- & Conclusions High hybridising potential was identified ductive isolating barriers on the success of novel reciprocal between all Corymbia species and F1 taxa studied. This and advanced generation Corymbia hybrids. provides opportunities for advanced generation hybrid & Methods Two maternal taxa, Corymbia citriodora subsp. breeding, allowing desirable traits to be amplified. It also citriodora and Corymbia torelliana, were pollinated using indicates risks of gene flow between plantation and native five paternal taxa, C. citriodora subsp. citriodora, C. torelli- Corymbia populations. ana,oneC. torelliana × C. citriodora subsp. citriodora hybrid and two C. torelliana × C. citriodora subsp. variegata hybrids. Keywords Corymbia . Hybrid . Backcross . Isolation . Pollen tube, embryo and seed development were assessed. Genetic pollution . Gene flow & Results Reciprocal hybridisation between C. citriodora subsp. citriodora and C. torelliana was successful. Advanced generation hybrids were also created when C. 1 Introduction citriodora subsp. citriodora or C. torelliana females were backcrossed with F1 hybrid taxa. Prezygotic reproductive Corymbia (Myrtaceae), comprising over 113 tree species, is isolation was identified via reduced pollen tube numbers in a sister genus to Eucalyptus and is a major component of tropical and subtropical woodland and forest floras across Handling Editor: Bruno Fady northern Australia (Hill and Johnson 1995). Natural forests Contribution of the co-authors Helen M. Wallace: Primary supervisor dominated by spotted gum species (section Maculatae) oc- of the PhD project this work was included in. cur widely throughout eastern Australia from high rainfall David J. Lee: Supervisor of the PhD project this work was included in. areas on coastal ranges through to drier inland sites (CPBR G. R. Dickinson 2006). Spotted gums are commercially very important and Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry—Queensland, are amongst the most commonly harvested native hardwood P.O. Box 1054, Mareeba, QLD 4880, Australia timbers in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales (Lewis et al 2010). Many eucalypt species G. R. Dickinson (*) : H. M. Wallace : D. J. Lee University of the Sunshine Coast, (Corymbia and Eucalyptus) are of global economic signifi- Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia cance with >19 Mha established as timber plantations e-mail: [email protected] (Iglesias-Trabado and Wilstermann 2008). Corymbia spe- cies and their F1 hybrids are of increasing importance to D. J. Lee Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry—Queensland, eucalypt plantation forestry due to their wide adaptability to P.O. Box 395, Gympie, QLD 4570, Australia marginal tropical and subtropical environments and high 2 G.R. Dickinson et al. quality, durable timber (Lee 2007). Over 20,000 ha of Suitor et al. 2008; Dickinson et al. 2012). Reproductive Corymbia plantations has been established across Australia isolation can continue after seeds are produced, resulting since the late 1990s (Barbour et al. 2008), primarily using in mortality and abnormal growth at germination, during Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata. Selected Corymbia seedling development and as trees (Lopez et al. 2000; hybrids offer advantages over their parental species, such as Barbour et al. 2006; Volker et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2009; superior growth, disease, insect and frost tolerance, CostaeSilvaetal.2012). The activity of endogenous exhibited across a wide range of environments (Lee 2007; isolating barriers decreases with increasing taxonomic affin- Lee et al. 2009; Verma and Sharma 2011). In Australia, F1 ity between parents (Griffin et al. 1988; Ellis et al. 1991). Corymbia hybrids are derived by controlled pollination Infrageneric Corymbia clades are closely related (Hill and using Corymbia torelliana (section Torellianae)asthe Johnson 1995; Parra-O et al. 2009) and have an unusually maternal taxon and species from the spotted gum group high propensity to form interspecific hybrids across taxo- (section Maculatae); C. citriodora subsp. citriodora, C. nomic groups (Griffin et al. 1988; Dickinson et al. 2012). citriodora subsp. variegata or Corymbia henryi,asthe Hybridisation may also be greater when F1 hybrids are paternal taxon (Lee 2007; Dickinson et al. 2010). Many of backcrossed with either parental species (Potts et al. 2000, the areas in eastern Australia suitable for future Corymbia 2003). A better understanding of the breeding system and species and hybrid plantations are in close proximity to reproductive biology of Corymbia species and their F1 natural spotted gum populations. This raises concerns of hybrids is required to minimise future gene flow risks pollen-mediated gene flow from Corymbia plantations into (Barbour et al. 2008). sympatric native populations. Australian Corymbia hybrid programs have focused on Hybridisation results in gene flow between individuals, the production of F1 hybrids using C. torelliana as the contributing to plant speciation and evolution (Potts et al. maternal parent and a limited number of spotted gum taxa 2003; Arnold and Martin 2010; Costa e Silva et al. 2012). and families as the paternal parents (Lee 2007, Lee et al. Hybridisation can also cause genetic pollution via the 2009). Interspecific F1 hybridisation between C. torelliana pollen-mediated movement and introgression of foreign and other taxa is controlled by prezygotic isolating barriers, genes from exotic populations into sympatric native popu- with reproductive success increasing with increasing taxo- lations (Schierenbeck and Ellstrand 2009; Barbour et al. nomic affinity of parental taxa (Dickinson et al. 2012). 2010). Genetic pollution is an increasing global concern, There has, however, been little investigation of the repro- threatening the genetic purity of some native Populus spe- ductive success of advanced generation C. torelliana cies in Europe (Vanden Broeck et al. 2005; Ziegenhagen et hybrids. Knowledge of the hybridising potential of C. cit- al. 2008) and Eucalyptus (Potts et al. 2003; Barbour et al. riodora as the maternal parent is also poorly known, despite 2006, 2007, 2010)andCorymbia (Barbour et al. 2008) its international importance as a forestry plantation species species in Australia. Gene introgression occurs first by and wide natural distribution across eastern Australia. This hybridisation and then by repeated backcrossing to one or study aims to quantify the reproductive success of reciprocal both parents. This results in the alteration of natural patterns C. citriodora subsp. citriodora and C. torelliana hybrids, of genetic diversity and can potentially threaten the extinc- and advanced generation hybrids where both parental tion of pure species (Vanden Broeck et al. 2005; Barbour et species were backcrossed with C. torelliana × C. citriodora al. 2010). Gene introgression is controlled by ecological and subsp. citriodora or C. torelliana × C. citriodora subsp. genetic factors with hybrid populations often restricted to variegata F1 hybrid taxa. The activity and locations of narrow hybrid zones at native population boundaries reproductive isolation for these novel crosses will be deter- (Vanden Broeck et al. 2005; Barbour et al. 2006, 2010). mined via the assessment of pollen–pistil interactions, embryo Small, fragmented native populations with low genetic di- development and seed germination. Improved knowledge of versity, often of rare and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eucalyptus Study Group Article
    Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants Eucalyptus Study Group ISSN 1035-4603 Eucalyptus Study Group Newsletter December 2012 No. 57 Study Group Leader Warwick Varley Eucalypt Study Group Website PO Box 456, WOLLONGONG, NSW 2520 http://asgap.org.au/EucSG/index.html Email: [email protected] Membership officer Sue Guymer 13 Conos Court, DONVALE, VICTORIA 3111 Email: [email protected] Contents Do Australia's giant fire-dependent trees belong in the rainforest? By EurekAlert! Giant Eucalypts sent back to the rainforest By Rachel Sullivan Abstract: Dual mycorrhizal associations of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) in a nurse-pot system The Eucalypt's survival secret By Danny Kingsley Plant Profile; Corymbia gummifera By Tony Popovich Eucalyptus ×trabutii By Warwick Varley SUBSCRIPTION TIME Do Australia's giant fire-dependent trees belong in the rainforest? By EurekAlert! Australia's giant eucalyptus trees are the tallest flowering plants on earth, yet their unique relationship with fire makes them a puzzle for ecologists. Now the first global assessment of these giants, published in New Phytologist, seeks to end a century of debate over the species' classification and may change the way it is managed in future. Gigantic trees are rare. Of the 100,000 global tree species only 50, less than 0.005 per cent, reach over 70 metres in height. While many of the giants live in Pacific North America, Borneo and similar habitats, 13 are eucalypts endemic to Southern and Eastern Australia. The tallest flowering plant in Australia is Eucalyptus regnans, with temperate eastern Victoria and Tasmania being home to the six tallest recorded species of the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Pests, Diseases, and Aridity Have Shaped the Genome of Corymbia Citriodora
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Pests, diseases, and aridity have shaped the genome of Corymbia citriodora. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t51515k Journal Communications biology, 4(1) ISSN 2399-3642 Authors Healey, Adam L Shepherd, Mervyn King, Graham J et al. Publication Date 2021-05-10 DOI 10.1038/s42003-021-02009-0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02009-0 OPEN Pests, diseases, and aridity have shaped the genome of Corymbia citriodora ✉ Adam L. Healey 1,2 , Mervyn Shepherd 3, Graham J. King 3, Jakob B. Butler 4, Jules S. Freeman 4,5,6, David J. Lee 7, Brad M. Potts4,5, Orzenil B. Silva-Junior8, Abdul Baten 3,9, Jerry Jenkins 1, Shengqiang Shu 10, John T. Lovell 1, Avinash Sreedasyam1, Jane Grimwood 1, Agnelo Furtado2, Dario Grattapaglia8,11, Kerrie W. Barry10, Hope Hundley10, Blake A. Simmons 2,12, Jeremy Schmutz 1,10, René E. Vaillancourt4,5 & Robert J. Henry 2 Corymbia citriodora is a member of the predominantly Southern Hemisphere Myrtaceae family, which includes the eucalypts (Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora; ~800 species). 1234567890():,; Corymbia is grown for timber, pulp and paper, and essential oils in Australia, South Africa, Asia, and Brazil, maintaining a high-growth rate under marginal conditions due to drought, poor-quality soil, and biotic stresses. To dissect the genetic basis of these desirable traits, we sequenced and assembled the 408 Mb genome of Corymbia citriodora, anchored into eleven chromosomes. Comparative analysis with Eucalyptus grandis reveals high synteny, although the two diverged approximately 60 million years ago and have different genome sizes (408 vs 641 Mb), with few large intra-chromosomal rearrangements.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 Promising Species
    Forestry and Forest Products Natural Heritage Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: 22 PROMISING SPECIES Forestry and Forest Products TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: Natural Heritage 22 PROMISING SPECIES Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia A report for the RIRDC/ Land & Water Australia/ FWPRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program Revised and Edited by Bronwyn Clarke, Ian McLeod and Tim Vercoe March 2009 i © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 821 0 ISSN 1440-6845 Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 promising species Publication No. 09/015 Project No. CSF-56A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalypt Discovery Walk
    Eucalypt Discovery Walk This self-guided walk through the Botanic Gardens features 21 eucalypts, each of which has an interpretive sign. Additional information is provided here. A round trip, starting with #1 Eucalyptus cunninghamii in the North Car Park and returning past #21 Eucalyptus viminalis to the Visitor Information Centre, will take about an hour and covers a range of terrain (e.g. stairs, lawn, uneven surfaces). There are about 850 eucalypt species, almost all occurring naturally only in Australia. Indeed, eucalypts are a defining feature of the Australian landscape. They are an important component of Australian vegetation and provide a habitat for many native animals. Some species have a wide geographic distribution, others are extremely restricted in their natural habitat and may need conservation. There is great diversity of size, form, leaf and bark type among eucalypts. Eucalypts have many commercial uses. An important source of wood products in Australia, they are also the world’s most widely-planted hardwoods. Large areas are being grown in Brazil, South Africa, India, China and elsewhere mainly for pulp and paper production. Species featured in this walk have been selected to illustrate the diversity and many uses of eucalypts. Acknowledgements This walk has been supported by the Bjarne K. Dahl Trust (www.dahltrust.org.au) a philanthropic fund. Dahl was a Norwegian forester who developed a great affinity with the Australian Bush and left his entire estate to establish a fund which focuses solely on eucalypts. Funds have also been provided by the Public Fund of the Friends of the Australian National Botanic Gardens (www.friendsanbg.org.au).
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Nutrition of Corymbia Citriodora Seedlings Using Doses of Liquid Swine Waste
    DOI: 10.14295/CS.v8i2.1851 Comunicata Scientiae 8(2): 256-264, 2017 Article e-ISSN: 2177-5133 www.comunicatascientiae.com Growth and nutrition of Corymbia citriodora seedlings using doses of liquid swine waste João Antônio da Silva Coelho¹, Cristiane Ramos Vieira², Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber1 1 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. 2. Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with the aimed to verify the influence of liquid swine waste in the development and nutrition of Corymbia citriodora seedlings. The swine waste was mixed with a commercial substrate in order to analyze the effects of five doses, in a randomized block design, considering the N requirement of the species, which were T1 – 0%; T2 – 50%; T3 – 100%; T4 – 150% and; T5 – 200% and one treatment with mineral fertilization for comparison. The Corymbia citriodora seeds were germinated in plastic tubes with a commercial substrate plus swine waste. As the seedlings reached about five centimeters the thinning was performed, and when the plants reached 15 cm in length the growth analysis was started. At the end of the experiment the seedlings were measured, weighed and milled for macro and micronutrients determination. The best doses of liquid swine waste were 150% and 200% which showed the highest growth average values of the Corymbia citriodora seedlings, to the detriment of the nutritional and physical improvement of the substrate. Keywords: Corymbia, organic waste, forestry nutrition Introduction and heavy metals; or water quality because the Swine breeding in Brazil has increased in swine waste can contaminate groundwater.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Relationships in Eucalyptus Sens. Lat. – a Synopsis
    Euclid - Online edition Evolutionary relationships in Eucalyptus sens. lat. – a synopsis This article complements the introductory essay about eucalypts included in the "Learn about Eucalypts" section. Its aim is to provide an up-to-date account of the outcomes of research derived from different groups during the past 5 years relating to relationships within Eucalyptus s.s. As such it includes only those publications and hypotheses relating to higher level relationships of major groupings within the eucalypts. Some of the research reported below also provides insights into biogeographic relationships of the eucalypt group – in large part these are not the focus of this article and are not discussed in detail. Introduction The first comprehensive classification of the eucalypts was published by Blakely in 1934, in which he treated more than 600 taxa, building on earlier work of Maiden and Mueller. Blakely's classification remained the critical reference for Eucalyptus taxonomists for the next 37 years when a new but informal classification was published by Pryor and Johnson (1971). In this work the authors divided the genus into seven subgenera, and although of an informal nature, presented a system of great advance on Blakely's treatment. The small genus Angophora was retained. The next 20 years saw much debate about the naturalness of Eucalyptus and whether other genera should be recognized (e.g., Johnson 1987). Based on morphological data, Hill and Johnson in 1995 proposed a split in the genus and recognition of the genus Corymbia. This new genus of c. 113 species, comprised the ghost gums and the bloodwoods, and Hill and Johnson concluded that Corymbia is the sister group to Angophora, with the synapomorphy of the distinctive cap cells on bristle glands (Ladiges 1984) being unambiguous.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Toxicity of Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, Corymbia Citriodora (Hook.), Against Larvae of the Asian Tiger Mosquito and Non-Target Fish and Larval Amphibians
    Anales de Biología 36: 97-105, 2014 ARTICLE DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.36.17 Evaluating the toxicity of oil of lemon eucalyptus, Corymbia citriodora (Hook.), against larvae of the Asian tiger mosquito and non-target fish and larval amphibians Santi Escartin1 & Simone Mariani1,2 1 Associació Mediambiental Xatrac. C/ Font d’en Bandina 3, Urb.Font de Sant Llorenç. Bústia 39. 17.310 Lloret de Mar. Spain. 2 Departament d’Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Existe una corrección de este trabajo (vol.37)/ There is a corrigendum note of this article (vol.37). Resumen Correspondence Evaluación de la toxicidad del aceite del eucalipto limón, Corymbia S. Mariani citriodora (Hook.), contra las larvas de mosquito tigre y peces y an- E-mail: [email protected] fibios no objetivo Received: 30 June 2014 Hemos probado la toxicidad del aceite del eucalipto limón (OLE) Accepted: 27 October 2014 contra las larvas de mosquito tigre Aedes (Stegomya) albopictus Published on-line: 30 October 2014 (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) y contra vertebrados acuáticos no objetivo, el pez Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853) y el renacuajo de la rana Pelophylax perezi (López-Seodane, 1885). La mezcla acuosa de OLE fue efectiva como larvicida y letal para gambúsias y renacuajos. La mezcla acuosa expuesta durante una semana al aire libre no tuvo efectos sobre las larvas. El OLE puro aplicado sobre la superficie del agua matólas larvas a muy bajas concentraciones y sin tener en cuenta el volumen del agua. El OLE ha mostrado ser un compuesto útil contra las larvas de mosquito ti- gre especialmente en los lugares de cría aislados de los ecosiste- mas nativos.
    [Show full text]
  • Brisbane Native Plants by Suburb
    INDEX - BRISBANE SUBURBS SPECIES LIST Acacia Ridge. ...........15 Chelmer ...................14 Hamilton. .................10 Mayne. .................25 Pullenvale............... 22 Toowong ....................46 Albion .......................25 Chermside West .11 Hawthorne................. 7 McDowall. ..............6 Torwood .....................47 Alderley ....................45 Clayfield ..................14 Heathwood.... 34. Meeandah.............. 2 Queensport ............32 Trinder Park ...............32 Algester.................... 15 Coopers Plains........32 Hemmant. .................32 Merthyr .................7 Annerley ...................32 Coorparoo ................3 Hendra. .................10 Middle Park .........19 Rainworth. ..............47 Underwood. ................41 Anstead ....................17 Corinda. ..................14 Herston ....................5 Milton ...................46 Ransome. ................32 Upper Brookfield .......23 Archerfield ...............32 Highgate Hill. ........43 Mitchelton ...........45 Red Hill.................... 43 Upper Mt gravatt. .......15 Ascot. .......................36 Darra .......................33 Hill End ..................45 Moggill. .................20 Richlands ................34 Ashgrove. ................26 Deagon ....................2 Holland Park........... 3 Moorooka. ............32 River Hills................ 19 Virginia ........................31 Aspley ......................31 Doboy ......................2 Morningside. .........3 Robertson ................42 Auchenflower
    [Show full text]
  • Arboricultural Assessment Former Calder Rise Primary School
    Arboricultural Assessment Former Calder Rise Primary School Prepared for Department of Education and Early Childhood Development Prepared by David Phillips 17/01/2014 Tree Logic Pty Ltd Unit 4, 21 Eugene Terrace Ringwood Vic 3134 Ph 03 9870 7700 treelogic.com.au Arboricultural Assessment Report – former Calder Rise Primary School. Contents. Client Brief .................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Method: ................................................................................................................................................ 4 3 Observations ....................................................................................................................................... 5 4 Permit requirement: ............................................................................................................................. 7 5 Design proposal: .................................................................................................................................. 7 6. Photographic examples ....................................................................................................................... 9 7. Conclusion and Recommendations: .................................................................................................. 10 References:
    [Show full text]
  • Guava (Eucalyptus) Rust Puccinia Psidii
    INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE NURSERY & GARDEN INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Guava (eucalyptus) rust Puccinia psidii Plant Health Australia March 2009 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 5, FECCA House 4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au PHA & NGIA | Contingency Plan – Guava rust (Puccinia psidii) 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Threat of the Non-Native Neotropical Rust Puccinia Psidii to Hawaiian Biodiversity and Native Ecosystems: a Case Example of the Need for Prevention
    The Threat of the Non-native Neotropical Rust Puccinia psidii to Hawaiian Biodiversity and Native Ecosystems: A Case Example of the Need for Prevention Lloyd Loope, U.S. Geological Survey,Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Haleaka- la Field Station, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768; [email protected] Janice Uchida, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822; [email protected] Loyal Mehrhoff, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, 677 Ala Moana Boulevard, Suite 615, Honolulu, HI 96813; [email protected] Introduction The threat of invasive species to natural areas presents enormous challenges, but there are opportunities for working toward solutions, often in conjunction with agricultural and forestry perspectives. There is a growing awareness of the danger to botanical biodiversity and conservation from “emerging infectious diseases” that have increased in incidence, geo- graphical distribution, or host range/pathogenicity; have newly evolved characteristics; and/or have been newly discovered (Anderson et al. 2004). There is a heightened concern for forest health due to accelerating worldwide movement of plant pathogens (e.g., with inef- fective quarantine measures) that negatively affect both biodiversity and commercial forestry (Wingfield 2003). An important related concept is that of the ability of fungi to jump to new hosts following anthropogenic introduction. Native hosts are exposed to pathogens with no coevolved recognition or defense mechanism, and microevolution toward increased viru- lence of introduced pathogens can result (Wingfield 2003; Slippers et al. 2005). The rust fungus Puccinia psidii (Basidiomycota, Uredinales: Pucciniaceae), a species first document- ed to have jumped from native guava (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae) to introduced Eucalyp- tus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • SF Street Tree Species List 2019
    Department of Public Works 2019 Recommended Street Tree Species List 1 Introduction The San Francisco Urban Forestry Council periodically reviews and updates this list of trees in collaboration with public and non-profit urban forestry stakeholders, including San Francisco Public Works, Bureau of Urban Forestry and Friends of the Urban Forest. The 2019 Street Tree List was approved by the Urban Forestry Council on October 22, 2019. This list is intended to be used for the public realm of streets and associated spaces and plazas that are generally under the jurisdiction of the Public Works. While the focus is on the streetscape, e.g., tree wells in the public sidewalks, the list makes accommodations for these other areas in the public realm, e.g., “Street Parks.” While this list recommends species that are known to do well in many locations in San Francisco, no tree is perfect for every potential tree planting location. This list should be used as a guideline for choosing which street tree to plant but should not be used without the help of an arborist or other tree professional. All street trees must be approved by Public Works before planting. Sections 1 and 2 of the list are focused on trees appropriate for sidewalk tree wells, and Section 3 is intended as a list of trees that have limited use cases and/or are being considered as street trees. Finally, new this year, Section 4, is intended to be a list of local native tree and arborescent shrub species that would be appropriate for those sites in the public realm that have more space than the sidewalk planting wells, for example, stairways, “Street Parks,” plazas, and sidewalk gardens, where more concrete has been extracted.
    [Show full text]