RECENT MOLLUSCA ALL PARTS ^ THE WORLD
1225 ILLUSTRATIONS
WALTER F. WEBB 2515 SECOND AVENUE NORTH
ST. PETERSBURG 3, FLORIDA
QL 406.2
II h I
=o 0" Oj eO x; aru a a m a
A CATALOG I/W-
of RECENT MOLLUSCA
from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD
1225 ILLUSTRATIONS
Fourth Edition
Published by WALTER F. WEBB 2515 Second Avenue North
St. Florida > Petersburg 3,
4X
PREFACE
This price catalog of Sea Shells is issued for sale in book, shell and novelty stores throughout the nation.
It is divided into three sections. East Coast Marine Shells, West Coast Marine Shells and Foreign Marine Shells.
Latin names are universal throughout the world and are given first. Com- mon name follows where same has been standardized, then Locality, Descrip- tion and Price. Localities may vary greatly. Prices will vary according to size and perfection of specimen and may be either lower or higher than listed herein.
In sending orders to a dealer, latin names should be carefully copied and then are you sure to get what you want. Common names vary with locality. A shell from the Philippines may have an entirely different common name than from Australia. Play safe and use latin names only.
Only Marine shells are listed herein and as there are about 50,000 kinds in the world, this catalog is only a beginning. There are a number of good books on shells on the market in this country, England and Australia in the English language and many other books in foreign languages.
If you wish a more extensive library write the author or firm you bought this book from and you will receive the information you wish.
There is no set of books which covers all the kinds of shells in the world and never has been as yet. A catalog of simply the names would fill 2000 pages.
From this brief information you will see you have embarked on a great hobby, and the least expensive of any nature hobbies. It has never been possi- ble to spend the money on shells as on coins or stamps and no individual shell ever in has sold the past 100 years at any fabulous price.
The highest price paid in recent years for any one shell is $500 and that was for a shell of which less than a dozen perfect specimens were known whereas a single coin or stamp has sold for over $10,000.
We have many collectors in our country who only collect one genus like Oliva, Conus, Murex, Mitra, etc. A few collectors specialize on BIG shells like 12" or more. Many others only collect shells of one inch down to very minute which can only be studied with a good magnifier.
As about 80% of all the shells of the world are small to minute, the collector of this class always has much the larger collection. One advantage is it takes less room, few varieties are expensive, and the form and color are always equal to larger shells.
As the tendency of the present generation is for smaller homes or apart- ments, small shells are recommended as far as possible. CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
6
PLATE 1 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD
1. Cassis madagascarensis. Lam. Queen 6. Strombus gigas, L. Great Conch. Helmet, N. C. to West Indies. Aperture Lake Worth, Florida to West Indies. a rich black, from which fine cameos Next to the largest known form of the have been and are still made. Usual size genus, it is widely distributed in the Ba- 5 to 7", but specimens up to 12" have haman region, and is much used for been found. 5 to 6" $2.50 7-8" 4.00 food. The shells find a ready market and have for generations. Gorgeous cameos are cut from the pink interior. The shells 2. Cassis tuberosa, L. King Helmet. are made into electric lamps and are N. C. to West Indies. The face of the sold in curio stores. 6-7" 1.25 7-8" 2.50 shell is a rich dark color, and aperture has 6 or more prominent ridges. As will 7. Turbinella scolymus, Gmel. Lamp be seen from illustration, it is of a tri- Shell, Florida Keys to West Indies. One shape. 5 to 6" but has been angular of the largest shells of its range, and the found to 12". 5 to 6" 3.00 largest of the genus. Usually 7 to 8 inches but larger shells are found. Its surface is of a shiny-yellow when well 3. Cassis flammea, L. Princess Conch. cleaned. A notch is often cut in the side, S. C. to West Indies. Usually matures to show the peculiar auger-shaped at 4" but are found. A larger specimens columella. 6" 2.00 8" 4.00 ''me, always smooth shell and seldom 'ound with marine incrustations as are forms. 3" 75c 4" 1.25 8. Fasciolaria tulipa, L. Tulip Shell. N. C. to West Indies. In the Bahamas the fishermen call them Pepper Shells. 4. Cassis inflata granulosa, Brug. There are rough forms, the usual type Scotch Bonnet. Florida to West Indies. and others brilliantly glossy. A variety The true form inflata is also found from has been named, decades ago, Schaep- N. C. southward. This is the species most makeri, Dunk. Usual size 4" but 8" speci- commonly seen for sale in the shell mens are interesting and should be saved stores. A round, neat shell, quite typical when collecting. 4-5" 35c 6" 50c in shape to other forms from tropical regions. 2" 50c 9. Triton nobilis. Con. Trumpet Shell. Bahamas. A fine, large, well-marked 5. Cassis testiculus, L. Granular Cassis shell, often of a rich color. Occasionally or Baby Bonnet. N. C. to West Indies. found on Florida Keys. The last whorl A neat, round, oblong form that is more is shouldered, differing in this respect common in Bahamas than in Florida from its cousin of the East Indies. Shells Keys. Of a russet color, it is a showy range 6 to 7" but much larger specimens species when well cleaned. 2 1/2" 1.00 are found. 6-7" 4.00 8-9" 6.00 6 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
12
PLATE 2 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD
1. Voluta junonia, Hwass. Spotted variety of F. carica of Mass. It ranges Volute. Florida Keys and Gulf of Mex- up to 7 or 8", yellow inside. Differs en- ico. Usually in deep water. Only occa- tirely from the dextral form of perversa sionally found on shore line. For many which is occasionally found. years it was excessively rare and brought 3-4" 1.00 5-6" 1.50 7" 2.50 $50 or more. A handsome shell covered with a thin periostracum. 2V2 to 3V2". 7. Conus Hwass. 3" 3.50 4" 5.00 proteus, Alphabet Cone. All Florida coast line and West Indies. The largest species of the genus 2. Voluta virescens. Sol. Dotted Volute. in its range, and a very attractive shell. Texas and West Indies in very deep wa- Most specimens are similar to the illus- ter. A rare form only occasionally seen. tration. 2 to 2 M>" 1.00 When Florida waters are more thorough- ly dredged, it will likely be found to be 8. Fasciolaria common. 2 1A". Rare. distans. Lam. Banded Tulip, N. C. to Texas. A striking shell with usually smooth surface, of a bluish- 3. Fulgar canaliculatum, L. Common gray color with white stripes and circu- Pear Fulgar. Massachusetts coast to lar almost black lines. St. Augustine, Fla. Very common in its 2" 25c 3-4" 1.00 Color form 2.00 northern range. Usually 3 to 4" but lar- ger specimens are common. Its strings 9. Strombus costatus, Gmel. Milk of egg cases are often found on shore Stromb. Florida and West Indies. line. 4" 75c 6" 1.00 Keys The shell is of a milk-white, with thin, yellowish periostracum. A fine solid spe- 4. Fulgar perversa, L. Left-hand Ful- cies in good demand. 4" 75c 5-6" 1.00 gar or Lightning Shell. Florida and Tex- as. A most remarkable shell in many re- 10. Ficus papyratia. spects. It is the only sinistral marine Say. Paper Fig Shell. N. C. to Gulf of Mexico. shell in the world that is common. Color Usually 3 to little outside and almost shades run from brown to red, the latter 4", rough translucent. There are 10 known color being rare. Usual size 4 to 7" but species the world. 3" 50c specimens are found up to 12". Albino throughout shells are fairly common. 4-5" 50c 5-6" 75c 11. Triton femorale, L. Angular Tri- 6-7" 1.00 8-10" 1.50 ton. Southern Florida to West Indies. Not common, but is a very unique and 5. Fulgar pyrum. Dill. Fig Shell. N. C. distinct species, light brown color. Divers to Texas. A thin brilliantly-marked shell bring them up from the coral reefs. usually about 3" but much larger speci- 6 to 7". 3.50 mens are found. The periostracum must be removed to show the colors. bright 12. Triton olearium. Desh. The Hairy 50c 5" 1.00 3-4" Triton. Nova Scotia to West Indies. The periostracum is usually of a hairy nature, 6. Fulgar eliceans, Mont. Right-handed but the shell when cleaned is smooth and Fulgar. N. C. to Florida. A compara- ridged. Color, light brown. 3 to 4" and tively rare shell and is believed to be a not real common. 1.00 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
* . -/;~ . ~
PLATE 3 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD
1. Vermicularia spirata, Phil. Worm believe it is a world-wide species. 3 to Shell. Mass, to Florida and Texas. All 4" 1.00 5-6" 1.50 worm shells are very curious in form. This species lives point down and often in clusters like next cut. There are about 7. Xenophora conchyliophorus. Born. The Collectors 125 species in the world and this is one Shell. Lake Worth, Fla. of the finest. 5 to 7" 50c Has recently been found in some numbers in this locality. It is also found in Japan and other places. The shell actually 2. This illustration is to show how the grows other shells and pieces of shells, species form in masses, sometimes a foot coral fragments, etc. to its own shell. A or more in diameter. Often deep in the remarkable habit. Camouflage perhaps. sand beaches. 3V2". 5.00
8. Livonia L. 3. Colus islandicus, Gmel. The White pica, Magpie Shell. South Colus. Labrador to Maine. Also circum- Florida to West Indies. In shape it re- sembles a boreal. Typical of a number of cold Turbo and used to be classed water most of which have a horn- with that genus. It is a solid pearl shell shells, with colored periostracum. There are 75 zigzag stripes of white and black. When it shows of known species. 3" 50c polished spaces both black and pearl, if not cut too deep. It attains 3 to 4" and has a leathery oper- 4 and 5. Melongena corona, Gmel. The culum. 2-3" 50c 3-4" 1.00 Crown Shell. Indian River, Florida, south to Keys. Neither of these illustra- tions shows a typical shell but rather 9. Thais patula, L. The Dye Shell. some of the 8 known types. Some of the South Florida to West Indies. A dark forms only attain IVfc" and others usual- knobby species with an aperture almost ly run 3 to 4". 3" 50c 4" 1.00 the whole length of the shell. Its oper- culum only partly fills same. It lives on rocks. When disturbed the mollusk 6. Dolium (Tonna) perdix, L. Mottled gives off drops of a milky fluid, which Cask or Partridge Shell. Florida Keys to on white cloth first turns a metallic West Indies. A handsome mottled 4 to 5" green and later to a permanent royal shell, with large aperture. I have had purple. There are about 160 species exactly similar specimens from various scattered over the world, all closely allied parts of the Pacific and am inclined to to the Murex family. 2 to 2Vz" 50c 10 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
PLATE 4 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 11
1. This is an egg mass of the Fascio- Old fishermen tell me you have to go to laria gigantea. They are usually about very deep water to find the really big 24" 3" in diameter and 6" or more long, made specimens. It has a very thick, heavy up of a large number of thin capsules periostracum which is often removed to which contain the embryos. When the show the true color of the shell. When capsules are about to hatch, they burst young, the color varies from red to yel- open at the top and the young emerge low, but these colors gradually fade to by the thousands most of which are usu- white in old age. Specimens a foot long ally gobbled up by the swarms of fish. when cleaned frequently show traces of 1.00 red and yellow. 10" 3.00 12" 4.00 15" 5.00
2. Fasciolaria gigantea, Kien. Band Shell or Horse Conch. Gulf of Mexico. 3. Fasciolaria princeps. Sow. Panama. One of the two largest marine univalve A handsome russet-red shell that attains forms in the world. The other species of 6 to 10" and possibly more. I am includ- a different genus will be mentioned in ing it here among the other East Coast the foreign section of this book. This Marine as I suspect it is occasionally species is truly a gigantic shell. Ordinary found at Key West, but Johnson did not specimens run 12" and are more com- include it in his splendid check list is- mon and less expensive than the larger sued in 1934. It has a fine heavy oper- shells which seem to be becoming rare. culum. 8" 4.00 12 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
13
PLATE 5 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 13
1. Leucozonia (latirus) cingulifera, 8. Anomia simplex. Orb. (ephippium) Lam. The Knobby Cingula. Florida to Big Saddle Shell. Nova Scotia to West West Indies. There are many types of Indies. One of the largest species of the this genus found throughout the world east coast, one side flat and other con- and this is one of the fine larger forms. vex, the flat valve being much the thin- 2" 75c nest, as it is so often attached to some other shell. Of a horn-color. IVfe" 25c 2. Aporrhais occidentalis. Beck. The Duck Foot, Gulf of St. Lawrence to No. 9. Calliostoma canaliculatum. Mart. Carolina, usually in 50 to 550 fathoms. The Channelled Top Shell. California Rarely found to any extent on the coast. A conical ridged shell of a grayish beaches but the fishermen bring them color. Underneath it is an iridescent up in their nets. More are found in the pearl. One of the two finest species on stomachs of fishes. Fairly rare. the West Coast. (Not found on East 1V2" 2.50 Coast). 11/2" 35c 10. Thais floridana. Con. The Com- 3. Bulla striata, Brug. Spotted Bub- mon N. C. to West Indies. ble Shell. Clearwater, Florida. This Purpura. There are a number of variety forms in seems to be a iavorite locality but it its wide Of a brownish does not seem to be very common with range. color, some shells are twice as as the the shell trade. A smooth, neat solid large type. 2" 25c 21/2" 50c species, that has been reported only from this locality. \V\" 20c 11. Zirfaea crispata, L. The Great Piddock. Labrador to South Carolina. 4. Buccinum undatum, L. Common Usual specimens are 3", white and the Whelk. Labrador to N. J. Circumboreal. two valves only touch at one spot. The The shells of this are un- genus usually shell is very thin and fragile and they colored and common in cold water. Many burrow in the sand for protection. Also wonderful in forms have been dredged found on West Coast. 1.00 the northland, but rarely seen in collec- tions. 2 to 2Y2" 50c 12. Pholas costata, L. Angel Wing Shell, Massachusetts to West Indies. A 5. Dolium (Tontia) galea, L. Chan- thin, white shell, fond of burrowing in nelled Cask Shell. N. C. to West Indies. the sea sand. This is one of the finest A large thin shell, with round aperture. and largest species in the genus in the Very rarely found on the beaches and world, attaining as much as 7". The shell does not seem to be very common any- has no hinge, and there are two interior where. Attains 4 to 8". Smaller shells plates which hold the viscera of the mol- are better marked than larger specimens. lusk in place. 4" 1.00 6" 2.00 8" 5.00 4-5" 1.00 6-7" 1.50 Y Little 6. Argonauta argo, L. The Paper 13. Martesia cuneiformis. Say. Nautilus. Mass, to Florida. The Argo- Piddock. Connecticut to West Indies. nauta belong to the great class Cephla- The cut is much enlarged, as the shell poda, which includes Octapus, Squids, is seldom over one inch and you will in colonies etc. They are, however, closely allied to, find them usually burrowing if not true mollusca. The female Argo- in a wooden plank along the sea shore. nauta is much larger than the male, and There are four species on the east coast. constructs this very thin glass-like shell 25c Specimens in wood 1.00 in which to its full of lay eggs. When 14. Cuspidaria costellata, Desh. Little she it to her and re- eggs, clasps body Dipper Shell. North Carolina to West tains same until the are young hatched, Indies. It is usually white and of the when the shell is discarded and finds its peculiar shape shown in illustration. to the shores. The mollusk never way Most of the 28 species on our coast are lives in the like other shell, mollusks, from deep water and seldom seen in col- and is never attached to it. There are lections. This little fellow ranges from some 20 species scattered over the tropi- 1/2 to 1". 50c cal world. 2V2 to 12". 2.00 per inch. 15. Terebratulina caput-serpentis, L. 7. Nerita peleronta, L. Bleeding Tooth. Northern Lamp Shell. Maine. The illus- St. Augustine, Florida to West Indies. tration shows the interior of the shell This is one of the handsomest and finest and its peculiar structure. This interior of the some 200 forms scattered over the structure separates the Brachiapods world. It attains nearly 2", often of most from true mollusca. The shell is of a brilliant colors, and an operculum that gray color and is usually found in clus- perfectly lits the toothed aperture. 5 for ters attached to some object, such as 25c. stone or wood. 50c 14 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
u, i v<. .f.
PLATE 6 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 15
I. Melongena corona, Gmel. Crown Shell. 15. Oliva reticularis, Lam. Little Olive. Flor- Typical form from West Florida. A white shell, ida Keys to West Indies. A glistening white richly adorned with bands of various shades of shell, partly covered with irregular markings brown, darker on upper whorls. Usual row of of reddish-brown. Some specimens are rich pink. spines on edge of crown and more near base. The pure white shells that are similar, are " 3" 50c called olorinella, Due. 1 % 20c
2 and 3. Triton Lam. White tuberosum, 16. Calliostoma Gmel. The mouth Triton. Florida and West Indies. jujubinum, Ridged Keys Mottled Top Shell. N.C. to West Indies. A fine- The shell is finely ridged and covered with nod- ly ridged small trochiform shell completely mot- ules. rounded and with usual Aperture white, tled with shades of reddish-purple. Looks short canal. No 3 is a shell not well young yet exactly like some of the small tropical Trochus, developed. 2" 50c so very common in the South Seas. 1" 25c
4. Murex cabritti, Barnhardi. The Lined Mu- rex. Cedar Keys to Texas and West Indies. 17. Chione cancellata, L. The Ridged Venus. C. to Brazil. shell Usually from 10 to 150 fathoms. It is white N. A fine, grayish-white typ- of the with fine lines and about 2". Rarely seen and ical of many larger forms of the world. seldom found on the shores. Rare The interior is a rich purple. Often found very common on the shore line. 1 to 1 V4 " 25c 5. Area umbonata, Lam. Mossy Ark. N. C. to W. I. A dark, finely reticulated shell with 18. Pecten irradians, Lam. Common Scallop. mossy surface. The base of the shell is smooth Nova Scotia to Texas. The common Scallop of and rounded, hinge strong, which holds the valves Commerce in the Eastern States. The northern so well together, it is often found intact on the form is a fine deeply ridged shell of a black beaches. 2 to 3" 50c color and balance of the shell is yellowish-white, but red and yellow forms are found. The south- ern form is a third smaller, of a gray color, but 6. Murex rufus, Lam. Black Lace Murex. many shells are found with one valve gray and N. C. to West Indies. 1 to 30 fathoms. Usually the other red and other combinations. The shells black with three prominent rows of varices, the all die in the third of their life. body lined and nodulated, of a rich brown and year 2" 50c 3" 50c black. 2" 75c 3" 1.00
19. Born. 7. Murex pomum, Gmel. Apple Murex. An- Vasum muricatum. Vase Shell. other and finer cut will be found on another Florida Keys and W. I. It is a white shell with the plate, where I have shown a small mass of the a thick periostracum, only species of the eggs. genus found in this territory. Fairly common around Key West. 3" 1.00 H. Murex fulvescens, Sow. (Spinicostata) White Spike Murex, N.C. to Fla. and W. I. Usually 20. Area Say. Black Ark or Widow. white and very rarely pinkish. It is the largest ponderosa, Mass, to Texas. I found it one of the commonest species of the genus on this coast and when shells at where could be found with large perfect spines, one of the most Sanibel, perfect pairs seen hundreds after storms, and a attractive in the world. The finest specimens I by usually few at all times. The umbones are white have seen come from very deep water. It attains chang- black 6" or more. 3" 1.00 4" 2.00 5" 3.00 ing to dense at the edge. A thick, strong shell with prominent square ridges throughout. 2" 50c 9. Polinices duplicata, Say. Common Bulls- eye. Mass, to Gulf of Mexico. It is a smooth rounded shell, with large apertures and leathery 21. Margaritifera radiata, Leach. Spiney operculum. 2 to 3" 2" 25c 3" 50c Pearl Shell. Georgia to W, I. The finest speci- mens I have seen were brought up by the Sponge fisherman. were the form of but with 10. Vermetus nigricans, Dall. Rock Worm They cut, fine string-like points often an inch long. They Shell. West Florida to F'la. Keys. You often see would always be entirely broken off if the shell specimens of this shell, on the shore line, which was found along the shore line. It is a real baby have been broken off the vast reefs, found in Mother of Pearl Shell. 1" 50c the southern part of the state. Like the coral, it helps to form islands. 4" 1.00 22. Murex messorius, Rve. Litt'e Red Murex. II. Conus in us, Hwass. Mouse Cone. Jupiter Florida Keys and West Indies. A small, finely Inlet to W. I. The typical shell is streaked and lined reddish species that is fairly common in mottled with brown. A rather neat little species some sections of the Sunshine State. of about 1%". 50c 1" 25c
12. Conus floridanus. Gabb. Florida Cone. 23. Euglandina rosea, Fer. Rosy Glandina. N. C. to Gulf of Mexico. A fine, mottled sharp Florida. A fine rose-colored shell usually found pointed shell of which I have shown another on the ground in scrub, in rainy season. Scarce specimen elsewhere in this book. There is much at other times. There is a var. minor, Binn. variation in color. 1V4". 50c Both are carniverous and feed on other molluf=ks that are found on the ground. 2" 50c 13. Fasciolaria gigantea, Kien. A young shell of rich yellow or reddish color, often found on 24. Pecten gibbus, L. Calico Scallop. N. C. to the beaches at Sanibel and elsewhere. 3" 75c West Indies. A small cylindrical shell finely ribbed and mottled with shades of pink. One of several fine forms of this genus. l 1^" 25c 14. Oliva litterata, Lam. Lettered Olive or Panama. N. C. to Texas. A glistening white shell, covered with irregular markings of gray 25. Fissurella fascicularis, Lam. Florida Keys and brown. It is usually found burrowing in the to West Indies. A small reddish and white shell. sand. Bright yellow specimens have been found Commonly called the Keyhole Limpet. and are called the Golden Olive. 1%" 20c 1" 25c CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
10 11
13
PLATE 7 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 17
1. Cypraea exanthema, L. The Spotted foreign material, which is usually found Cowry. N. C. to Florida and W. I. Often adhering to it, in quantity. White. found on the mangrove roots along the 2" 1.00 shore. This species always has ringed spots along the base. 2" 1.00 3" 2.00 8. Astraea caelata, Gmel. Fluted Tur- bine Shell. Florida Keys and West Indies. 2. Cypraea cervus, L. Micromac. A conical shell with circular rows of Similar range to No. 1. It attains the spines. Very much resembles some of the largest size of any cowry in the world, Trochus, to which genus this is allied. reaching 6". The finest and largest shells All of the Astraeas have heavy oper- all come from deep water, 10 to 20 culums. 2Vz" 1.00 fathoms. Like all of the more than 200 of cowries in the it is species world, 9. Astraea tuber, L. Corrugated Tur- naturally highly polished. The lines bine Shell. Florida and West Indies. A where the two mantles of the mollusk trochiform corrugated species often meet near the of the shell can top usually showing some color. 2Vz" 1.00 be seen. The blotches are often diffused and not in regular outline. 3" 2.00 4" 3.00 10. Astraea longispina. Lam. Spiney Turbine Shell. Florida Keys and West Indies. A splendid 2" shell with a row of 3. Buccinum glacialis. L. Glacial saw-like teeth at base. Greenish white. Whelk. Greenland to Gulf of St. Law- All of the Astraea of the world are quite rence, circumboreal. A rather smooth remarkable in form. l 1/^" 50c 2" 1.00 white form, more so than most of the many species of this genus. 2" 50c 11. Astraea brevispina. Lam. Abbre- viated Turbine Shell. Florida Keys and 4. Strombus pugilis, L. Fighting Conch. West Indies. Attains about the same size All Florida coast to West Indies. It is a as longispina, but lacks the teeth like very common shell, often highly colored, projections. Usually white. \Vz" 50c 2 to 3". From a large series it is possible to various color combinations. pick 12. Neptunea decemcostata. Say. The 25c 3" Channeled Whelk. Nova Scotia to Mass. It lives among the rocks in deep water found on the shore line in 5. Thais L. Little Whelk. New- and rarely lapillus, fishermen foundland to Conn, and circumboreal. A good condition. The bring up most of the seen with their neat little species, often splendidly band- specimens nets. cold water 2 l/2" 1.00 ed with various colors and very common A species. on the rocky New England shores. 1". 2 for 25c 13. Natica canrena, L. The Spotted Bulls-eye. N. C. to West Indies. One of the most attractive of the Natica family, 6. L. The Melongena melongena, which comprises some 350 forms in the Shell. Florida Brown Crown Keys and world. The true Naticas all have a shelly West Indies. It usually has two rows of operculum and the Polinices (which used horns one row prominent alternating and to be called Naticas) have a leathery oper- near the base, but specimens are found culum. IVs" 50c 2" 1.00 devoid of same. Of a rich brown color with white stripes. 50c to 1.00 %" 1.00 14. Ovula intermedia. Sow. The Flor- ida Weaver. Sarasota, Florida. It is 1 1A" 7. Astraea imbricata, Gmel. Tubed white and seems to be a rather rare shell. Turbine Shell. Florida Keys. A very at- Will likely be found to be more common tractive shell when well cleaned of when dredged. 18 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA
(. ** :* L ' : ft L ., 8
41 ^ l 4-1 PLATE 8 1. Oi tlmim littfr.itiim, l:.rn. l.i-MiTcil limn M. Crrithium muncnrium. Say. l)iittr ' :t fnr 'j:..- I iilnTflf, anil run iilt-i nlili' i-nlor. for -"' i . i it IIIIIITI .ili.iliuu. l!..rn Niliilnti>i| Hi. in I. Crrithium f loridanum, Murrh. l-'loriiln Horn - Sht-ll. -. \ I..I.M ' . I MM-- Klnriilii K I,.-, I ..ni|.|.-i .-l\ Sh.-ll. Kluriiln. A vi-ry i -i-.-'il. typinil -'I f"r -' I ('.. 2 f. in- . i-nniiiiiin in h<' r'luriil.-i from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 19 5. Cerithium algicola, C. B. Ads. White Horn 26. Neritina virginea, L. Spotted Neritina, Shell. South Florida to West Indies. A very dis- F'lorida to West Indies. Very common over most tinct little species, when once known, will always of its range and presents an infinite number of be easy to recognize. 3 for 25c color patterns. 12 for 25c 27. 6. Muricidea multangula, Phil. Ridged False Nassa obsoleta, Say. The Black Dog- Murex. Gulf of Mexico. Fairly common in shal- Whelk. Gulf of St. Lawrence to Florida. Very low bays and sandy bars. 1 to 95 fathoms. common in the rocks everywhere along it-; range. 2 for 25c 6 for 25c 28. Nassa vibex. Say. Mottled 7. Urosalpinx tampaensis, Con. Florida Drill Dog-Whelk. Massachusetts to Gulf of Mexico. Most Nassa's Shell. Florida. This is one of the little fellows are very variable and this species, from different who is happy drilling a round hole in bivalves. 4 for 25c beaches will show .many patterns. 12 for 25c 29. Tellina lineata, Turt (braziliana) Little 8. Tritonalia cellulosa. Con. Little False Mu- Red Telline. Florida to Brazil. A thin neat little rex. Gulf of Mexico. 1 to 14 fathoms. Common 25c species, typical of many others of tho genus. in shallow bays. 2 for 25c 9. Columbella mercatoria, L. Mottled Dove 30. alternata hand- Siphonaria brunnea, Hanley. Shell. West Indies and Gulf of Mexico. A False Limpet. Florida Keys. The shells of this is over some and variable species that common genus are like small Limpets but they have a 4 for 25c its entire range. bulge on one side or the other that usually distin- 10. Vermicularia spirata, Phil. (Coiled) Mas- guishes them 2 for 25c sachusetts. These small tightly coiled forms 31. Siphonaria lineolata, Orb. (naufragum). are common over its range and resemble very Dark False Limpet. Florida to Texas. The inte- closely certain species of Turritella. rior of the shell is beautifully lined. 2 for 25c 25c 32. Mytilus perna, Dall. Striped Mussel. Key 11. Trivea pediculus, L. Nut Cowry. Florida. West. A fine, small shell of 1 inch, yellowish There are many species of this genus in the West with dark radiating stripes. Thin. 20c India region and they are all very handsome 33. Crepidua aculeata, Gmel. Prickly Slipper little shells. They are real little ribbed Cypraea. Shell. N. C. to Texas. A very common species 3 for 25c and when well cleaned an attractive variety. 12. Terebra protexta, Con. Little Auger Shell. 3 for 25c Florida, 2 to 50 fathoms. The Auger shells range 34. Littorina zigzag, Gmel. Zebra Periwinkle, from very small to over 8 inches in tropical re- Florida Keys. Very common on the rocks in gions. Nearly all are shiny handsome specimens. southern part of state. 4 for 25c 4 for 25c 35. Fissurella barbadensis, Gme. Common 13. Terebra concava venosa, Dall. The White Keyhole Limpet. Florida. Interior of shell is Auger Shell. Florida. 2 to 30 fathoms. Quite greenish and exterior covered with nodules. similar to preceding species and ranges over 2 for 25c same territory. 4 for 25c 36. Urosalpinx cinereus, Say. Common Drill 14. Can tharus cancellaria, Con. The Red Can- Shell. Prince Edward Island to Florida. This tharus. Florida. A very attractive, small shell little fellow is more common in New England completely covered with ridges as are most of than in the south. It is very destructive to the species of the genus. 50c young oysters. 3 for 25c 37. 15. Conus pealii. Green. Peal's Cone. Gulf Tectarias muricatus, L. Nobby Tectarias. of Mexico. A very small mottled shell of size of South Florida. Very common in some parts of cut. 2 for 25c its range. 4 for 25c 16. Littorina littorea, L. Periwinkle or Com- 38. Echinella nodulosa, Gmel. Spiny Tectaria-. mon Winkle. Labrador to New Jersey. All the N. C. to West Indies. A species of similar habits rocky coasts up New England way, are apt to be to the preceding. 4 for 25c well covered with this prolific species. 39. Cyrena floridana. Con. Little Purple Clam. 4 for 25c Tampa Bay to Texas. A very common little bi- 17. Littorina irrorata, Say. Spotted Winkle. valve which will usually be seen on every visit Mass, to Gulf of Mexico. Very common on the to the beaches. 3 for 25c grasses and bushes in shallow water bays where it 40. Melampus coffeus,, L. Coffee Shell. Cedar seems to be happy in the sun between tides. Keys to West Indies. This little brown fellow is 6 for 25c common. 6 for 25c 18. Littorina anguifera, Lam. Angular Win- 41. Planaxis nucleus, L. Black Planaxis. Flor- kle. Florida. A noble species of the genus and ida Keys. A little black shell representing a with similar habits to the preceding variety genus that is world-wide in distribution. 4 for 25c 4 for 25c 19. Crepidula fornicata, L. Canoe or Slipper 42. Tegula fasciatus, Born. Calico Topshell. Shell. Prince Edward Island to Texas. Very Florida Keys. A neatly polished small shell cov- common, assuming many different shapes, in ered with white dots. 3 for 25c the various localities where found. 3 for 25c 43. Nassa ambigua, Mttg. Channelled Dog- 20. Mytilus exustus, L. The Little Brown Whelk. N. C. to Florida. Lives from 1 to 190 Mussel. N.C. to Florida. A small brown species, fathoms. Very common along certain sandy fairly common in shallow bays. 2 for 25c shores. 3 for 25c 21. Architectonica granulata, Lam. Florida 44. Neritina pupa, L. Striped Neritina. Char- Staircase Shell. N.C. to Gulf of Mexico. The um- lotte Harbor to the Florida Keys. A very strik- bilicus is open to the spire which gives it its ing small shell which always attracts attention. name. 2" 1.00 6 for 25c 22. Nerita tessellata, Gmel. Black and white 45. Columbella rusticoides, Heilprin. Spotted Nerita. Baby-tooth. Jupiter Inlet, Florida. Dove-shell. Cedar Keys, Florida. A neat litt e 4 for Mostly black. 25c shell which is fairly common in many localities. 23. Nerita versicolor, Gmel. Pink-colored 6 for 25c Nerita. St. Augustine, Florida. The colored 46. Simnia uniplicata, Sow. Purple Poached .markings will distinguish this form from other Egg. N. C. to the West Indies, living on Lepto- southern species. 4 for 25c gorgia varying in color according to the Geor- 24. Neritina reclivata, Say. Marsh Neritina. gonia on which it lives. They are usually of a pur- Florida to Louisiana. Very common in marshy ple or yellow color. 2 for 25c bays and similar localities. Often of olive-green 47. Conus verrucosus stricticus. Ads. South color. 6 for 25c Florida. A variety of the common little Pebbly 25. Neritina picta, Sow. White-striped Neri- Cone. 2 for 25c tina. East and west coast. Small, yellowish, 48. Fissurella edititia, Rve. Striped Keyhole shells with diagonal stripes of white. Not com- Limpet. Florida. Usually about 1 inch with mon. 6 for 25c stripes as per cut. 25c 20 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA in PLATE 9 1. Cerithidea scalariformis. Say. Spiny 2. Terebratalia caput-serpentis, L. A Hrn Shell. Georgia to Florida, and West small brachiapod illustrated on another Indies. A very r<,mm<>n little species page. It lives in the north country, from ..Hen found in yreat (|ii;mtitie along the Maine to Labrador. 50c hes. 1". 6 for 25c from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 21 3. Engina turbinella, Kien. Nobby En- 17. Chiton squamosus, L. Common gina. Key West, Florida, to West Indies. Chiton. Florida Keys and West Indies. All of the species of this genus are bril- This species is the largest and most com- liant shells, usually nobby or spiny. They mon found on southeast coast. 2" 25c are found in all oceans. 20c 18. Area secticostata, Rve. White Ark. North Carolina to Florida and Texas. 4. Cerithium minima nigrescens, Mke. A fine which is common in Black Horn Shell, Tampa Bay to Florida large species Keys and West Indies. This little black various localities. 3" 50c fellow sometimes comes on the beaches 19. Thais deltoidea. Lam. The Banded like in such quantities that they appear Thais. South Florida to West Indies. It on the clear extensive black patches has two rows of prominent knobs, usually for 25c white sand. 6 white, which are bordered with brown bands. \Vz" 30c 5. Janthina globosa. Swain. Globe Pur- ple Snail. Gulf Stream of Florida and 20. Polinices heros. Say. Circular Bulls- West Indies. Pelagic. 20c eye. Gulf of St. Lawrence to North Caro- lina. 1 to 238 fathoms. Nearly round and 6. Nucula L. Common proxima. Say. common to all the New coast. Florida and England Nut Shell. New Jersey to 2V2" 25c Texas. There are many similar species, mostly from deep water. 20c 21. Astraea americana, Gmel. Ameri- can Turbine Shell. Florida Keys and 7. Nuculana acuta. Con. Pointed Nucu- West Indies. A conical white shell with Massachusetts to Florida and West larta. many fine ridges, the white operculum are other Indies. There many species, usually found tightly fitting the aper- most all from deep water. 25c ature.' 1" 25c 8. Astarte castanea. Say. Brown As- 22. Area incongrua. Say. Little White tarte. Nova Scotia to North Carolina. 5 Ark. North Carolina to Texas. One of the to 6 fathoms. A fine species covered with smaller Arks and fairly common over the thick brown periostracum and typical entire territory. 35c of many other varieties from cold water. 25c 23. Ostrea irons, L. Coon Oyster. South Florida and West Indies. Very oniscus, L. Wood Louse. 9. Mcrum common in this section, where it attaches Indies. the Florida Keys and West Only itself to the mangrove roots which line 35c one species in this territory. the shores of the coast and many islands. 10. Tegula excavata. Lam. Green Top 50c Florida and West Indies. Shell. Keys 24. Latirus inf undibulum, Gmel. in this There are four species territory. Latirus. Florida 25c Ridged Keys and West Indies. A brown spindle-shaped shell, 11. Pedalion bicolor, C. B. Ads. Little with prominent ridges and smaller cir- Purse Shell. A small oyster-like shell of cular ridges. 2" 50c I", brownish-black inside. 50c 25. Pisania pusio, L. Pisa Shell. Florida 12. Lepidochiton marmorea, Fabr. Keys and West Indies. A neat, mottled, Painted Chiton. Greenland to Massachu- polished species, of a brownish-purple setts. 1 to 50 fathoms. Circumboreal. A color, with white spots and bands. There handsome small species. 50c is one other species of the genus in this territory. 2" 50c 13. Chaetopleura apiculata. Say. The Little Chiton. Massachusetts to Florida. 26. Turbo castaneus crenulatus, Gmel. 25c 3 to 12 fathoms. A neat little species. Nobby Top Shell. A variety of the true on 14. Pododesmus decipiens, Phil. Black castaneus, fairly common sandy beaches. North Carolina to West Indies Oyster. Florida to West Indies. This in 2 to 15 fathoms. 25c species is an Anomia and the valves are IW the beaches. 50c often found on 27. Lithophaga nigra. Orb (caribaea). 15. Ostrea cristata. Born. Saw-edge Black Rock-borer. South Carolina to Brazil. of the Oyster. South Florida and West Indies. One common borers, usu- in coral or It is easy to recognize this little oyster by ally found wood, rock. its saw-tooth edge. 50c 1V2" 50C 16. Ostrea foliata. Lam. Foliated 28. Modiolus demissus. Dill. Little Oyster. An irregular dark colored shell Black Mussel. Virginia to Florida. A very of 1V2", living at St. Petersburg Beach to dark, neat species of mussel, common to Florida Keys. 50c this section. 1V4" 25c CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 10 1. Efff capsule Fasciolaria Tulip. i, tall and 4. Egjf capsule (Fulgar) pyrum, smaller than ' ' ( iil' nlln|"''l f'Hrr . 'mil. perver^u, strings 1 t<> 'J f-i-t. '' rlu^t^r-- 'J In iiH In- iii-i r>. Egg capsules Murex pomum. Usual masse-; J. Eff capsule Fasciolaria distans, -!/< f rut. J to :( itii-hfs ilianu'tcr. lint some times they are 'J >i-iilli>|i<-i| . i: !< t f.-.-t i i an I 1 nth inrh. Slrinits -lucent, with five reddish hands. from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 23 7. Egg capsule (Fulgar) canaliculata. Come 31. Haminoea solitaria. Say. Mass, to Geor- in strings 2 to 3 feet. gia. About same size as No. 30, but more slen- 2 for 8. A cluster of eggs of Fasciolaria distans der aperture. 25c mentioned above. 32. Haminoea elegans. Gray, (guildingi) F.or- 9. Eggs Murex festivus, Hinds. California. ida to Texas. A large round species. All three are Like small, flat, pink seeds, pointed at each end. very thin, highly polished and translucent. 10. Lucina nassula, Con. Little Lucine. N. C. 2 for 25c to Mobile, Ala. 7 to 200 fathoms. A small white 33. Cavolina telemus, L. (tridentata) Eastern species, often found very common on West Carolina. Pelagic. Often washed on beaches Coast, Florida. 3 for 25c. during storms. 2 for 25c Bullseye, Maine 11. Natica pusilla, Say. Baby 34. Hipponyx antiquata, L. Florida Keys and 2 to 10 fathoms. Very small to Gulf of Mexico, West Indies. The Little Cap Shell is one of three 2 for 25c species, not common. forms living in this territory. Usually found 12. Transenella conradina, Dall. Ro e Petal. attached to other shells. 2 for 25c Florida to Keys and Palm Beach. A small West 35. Lithophaga Orb. Brown Rock- white 4 for 25c bisulcatum, species. eating Mussel. Florida and West Indies. Bores 13. Dall. Simpson's An- Atitigona simpsoni, in wood or rock making an even round hole, Small mottled fairly tigona. West Florida. form, highly polished. 30c common. 3 for 25c 36. Modiola Dill, Pa- 14. Donax Say. Coquina. North arborescens, (papyria) variabilis, per Mussel. Florida to Texas. A very thin Carolina to Florida and Texas. Burrows in sand light greenish shell often found in color living buried the as tide goes out. Many patterns. sand. 10 for 25c 25c 37. Pyramidella L. White Obelisk 15. Semele bella-striata, Con. (cancelata) Pur- dolobrata, Shell. South Florida. Semele. N. C. to Gulf. Very common on all A highly polished white ple shell with narrow russet beaches where valves can often be shoveled up band. 25c by the bushel. 3 for 25c 38. Epitomium angulatum, Say. Angular Wen- Conn, 16. Eggs Ranella affine cubanianum. Orb. tletrap. to Texas. A neat white species North Carolina to Florida. Often laid on bivalve of one inch. Over 55 species on the East Coast. shells. Very small Vi ", pink. 25c 17. Modulus floridana, Con. Nobby Button. 39. Epitomium lineatum, Say. Banded Wen- N. C. to Gulf. There are three species of this tletrap. Mass, to Gulf. A small form about Va genus in this territory, all much alike. inch with russet band near periphery. 25c 6 for 25c 40. Clathrodrillia leucoyma, Dall. White Tur- 18. Tellina sayi, Dall. (polita) Say's Telline. ris. Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico. 3 to 5 of Tampa Bay. A neat little white shell Via inch, fathoms. Often found on beaches in quantity white is quite common. 2 for 25c after storms. 3 for 25c Clam. 19. Mulinia lateralis, Say. Triangular 41. Olivella nivea, Gmel. Rice ShelL Florida Texas and West Indies. A New Brunswick to Keys and West Indies. Small, white, polished often found very small, whitish, triangular form, species with faint trace of banding. 6 for 25c common on the beaches. 4 for 25c 42. Littorina obtusata. L. (palliata) Dwarf 20. Say. (bidentatus) Melampus lineatus, Winkle. Labrador to New Jersey. A Striped Coffee Shell. Prince Edward Island to small, round, smooth, yellow or reddish species. Gulf of Mexico. A small, light brownish shell, 6 for 25c which is found in brackish salt water marshes. 43. 6 for 25c Bulla occidentalis, C.B. Ads. Florida to Texas and West Indies. mottled 21. Auriculastrum pellucens, Mke. Clear Ear A Bubble Shell, about 1 inch. Shell. Cedar Keys. Only two species in this V" by 6 for 25c territory both much alike 4 for 25c 44. Turbo castaneus, Gmel. operculum. These doors 22. Divaricella dentata, Wood. Dentate Di- perfectly fit the aperture, the highly pol- varicella. N. C. to Florida. 10 to 60 fathoms. ished, oval, greenish surface being on the out- A very handsome small white species, not com- side. 3<) c mon. 25c 45. Trophon craticulata, Fabr. Little Spindle 23. Mulinia latealis corbuloides, Desh. Beau- Shell. Hudsons Strait to New Foundland Banks, fort, North Carolina to Texas. A small white spe- 30 to 60 fathoms. These and other deep water cies like No. 19. 4 for 25c forms are often found in perfect condition in " 24. Lyonsia floridana, Con. Florida Lyons stomach of fishes. 1 V4 1.00 Texas and West Shell. West Coast Florida to ^46. Lepidochiton marmorea, Fahr. Painted Indies. A thin fragile species, often thrown up Chiton. Greenland to Massachusetts. 1 to 50 25c on the beaches in quantity. fathoms. Circumboreal. Shell about 7/10th of 25. Nassa consensa. Rev. Angular Dog-Whelk. an inch, reddish and white markings. 50c Gulf of Mexico. at 50 to 100 N. C. to Dredged 47. Capulus hungaricus, L. Greenland to Flor- but occasionally found on the beaches. fathoms, ida. 1 to 458 fathoms. The Great Cap is usually 4 for 25c found living on back of another shell. 1 V4" 50c 26. Pyramidella crenulata. Holmes. Obelisk 48. Conus verrucosus, Hwass. Little White Shell. A small tan-colored species about % inch, Cone. Florida Keys and West Indies. Small fairly common on both east, and west coasts. % inch white, and covered with circular 2 for 25c rows of tubercles. 2 for 25c 27. Nassa trivitata, Say. Lined Dog-Whelk. 49. Polinices Mass, to Florida. Lives in the sand between lactea. Guild. Ivory Bullseye, Florida Texas and tides. 6 for 25c Keys, West Indies. A white polished form, 1 inch, much 28. Eupleura caudata, Say. Three-ridge Mu- like other East India species. 2 rex. Mass, to Florida. 1 to 8 fathoms. Very 5c 50. common in the many island bays of Florida, Natica maroceana, Dill. Little Cat's eye. N. C. to living on sandy bottom. 3 for 25c Florida. A round horn-colorded shell often eroded to white. 29. Marginella apicina, Mke. North Carolina 25c to Gulf of Mexico and West Indies. The Gem 51. Chama congregate, Con. North Carolina Shell is highly polished. There are some 65 spe- to West Indies. Left-handed Chama. Opens the cies of the genus on the East Coast but more reverse of other similar forms. Lives attached than half are from deep water. 6 for 25c to rocks or coral. IVi" 35c 30. Haminoea succinea. Con. Frail Bubble 52. Macoma balthica, L. (fusca) Fragile Shell. Indian River and West coast of Florida to Clam. Arctic Ocean south in deep water to Geor- Texas. Thin, with wide aperture at base. gia. It is often found in quantity on beaches of 2 for 25c New England. 1 inch. 2 for 25c 24 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 10A from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 25 1. Lucapina adspersa, Phil. Key West, 11. Neritina punctulata. Lam. Florida Florida. A rather elongated flat shell, Keys. Of a light greenish color, it is cov- finely lined. 1" 50c ered with white diagonal stripes. 6 for 25c 2. Fissurella listeri. Orb. Florida Keys. shell is with fine The white, radiating 12. Neritina reclivata. Say. All Florida crossed circular lines. 1" 50c ribs, by coast and usually found very common in salt water marsh land. All the Neritinas 3. Fissurella alternate. Say. New Jer- of the world live in marshy territory, sey to Florida. It is rather tall and nar- and often extend back in the rivers for row with similar crossed lines. 1" 25c miles, even where the water is only slightly saline. 6 for 25c 4. Fissurella nodosa. Born. Florida Keys. The radiating ribs are covered 13. Terebra concava vinosa. Ball. with nodules and smaller ribs between. North Carolina to Florida. A very 1" 25c slender, grayish shell. There are many similar small forms throughout the world which are often brilliantly polished. 5. L. A white Spirula spirula, pure 1" 25c shell that in life is within the mollusk. It can be found on practically every tropical ocean beach in the world but you 14. Terebra hastata, Gmel. Florida almost never find the mollusk with it. Keys. A light russet shell, marked with 1" 25c white and numerous perpendicular lines. 1" 25c 6. Cypraea spurca, L. Gulf of Mexico. A yellowish small shell with small white spots and white below. 1" 50c 15. Bulla amygdala. Lister. Florida Keys. A medium sized shell faintly mot- tled with brown. 1" 25c 7. Cypraea cinerea, Gmel. N. C. to Florida but most specimens in collections come from Bahamas, where it is more 16. Jan thin a exigua. Lam. Gulf common. A shell of gray color, with two Stream, Florida. A round globose form faint white bands, and black shading of rich purple color. It is Pelagic as are around the lower part of the shell. all of the species throughout the world. 1 to 1V4" 50c V4" 25c 8. Leucozonia ocellata, Gmel. Gulf of 17. Lucapina cancellata. Sow. Florida Mexico. A smooth, light brownish shell Keys. A small shell, finely rayed with with white spots 1" 30c green, very small hole in top. %" 25c 9. Crepidula plana. Say. Maine to 18. Calliostoma jujubum perspectivum, Florida. The Slipper Shell. Dull white Phil. Georgia to Florida. A sharply coni- above and glistening white below, ex- cal shell finely marked with light brown actly the shape of a slipper without the and white. V4" 30c heel. 1" 25c 19. Urosalpinx mexicana, Rve. Gulf of 10. Ishnochiton floridanus, Pils. Key Mexico. A small white shell with num- West, Florida. A thin, narrow grayish erous tall ridges and finely radiating shell with faint russet markings. 1" 50c small lines. 30c 26 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 11 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 27 1. Murex salleanus, A. Ads. Gulf of 9. Crepidula glauca, Say. Canada to Mexico. This fine white shell is usually Texas. The shell is white with brownish classified as a variety of rufus, Lam., also marks which are usually covered with a found in the Gulf. They gradually merge thin periostracum, but the markings show together. I have called this the Pink-tip through the shell. Very common over a Lace Murex. 1V2" 50c 2Vz" 1.00 wide range. IW 3 for 25c 2. Distorsio clathrata. Lam. Florida 10. Triton aquatalis, Rve. Florida Keys. attractive shell with Keys. There are only about 8 species in An brownish ridges the genus ranging from Florida to Hong and white bands. 2" 1.00 Kong. This species is white with the peculiar shown in cut. aperture 11. Cancellaria reticulata, L. Gulf of 2V4" 1.50 Mexico. The shell is finely adorned with perpendicular ridges, and bands of white 3. Leucozonia cingulifera. Lam. Flor- and brown. A pure white race was found ida Keys. A shell that has numerous some time ago. IVz" 25c knobs in regular rows and of a reddish- brown color. IVfe" 50c 12. Strombus pugilis. Young. Gulf of Mexico. Collectors often find this shell 4. Melongena corona belknapi. Petit. and seldom know what they have, so I Venice, Florida. A rather attractive small illustrate it. The lip is always thin show- form of this very common shell. There ing it is immature. 2" 25c are about eight forms of this shell that have been named from Florida Keys to C. to Brownsville, Texas. IVfe" 50c 13. Phos candei. Orb. N. Florida, down to 180 fathoms. A finely ridged white shell with faint traces of orange. 5. Strombus bituberculatus, L. Kid 1" 1.00 Conch. Jupiter Inlet. Florida to West Indies. Ranges from whitish to pink in 14. Colus Gould. color, with broad thick lip. 2 to 3" 50c pygmaeus, Swamp- scott, Mass. A pure white small edition of the other Colus found in northern 6. Buccinum undatum, L. North At- waters. 1" 50c lantic and circumboreal. There are many forms of this Common Whelk depending on the depth of water. Has been found in 15. Cerithium ebeneus, Brug. Florida New Jersey, but very common in far Keys. A fine reticulated small shell with North. The illustration is of a very thin faint markings of brown. Fairly com- specimen dredged from deep water. mon. 4 for 25c 2 to 3" 50c 16. Terebra dislocatus. Say. Florida 7. Cantharus tinctus. Con. N. C. to Keys. A tall slender shell of brownish Florida. This shell has often been labeled color with fine ridges and a band at top as Trintonidea but it is a true Cantharus, of each whorl. 1 2 to 2" 3 for 25c as can readily be seen when you place it with the more than 100 other forms from all over the world. The entire genus are 17. Natica clausa, B&S. Grand Menan, attractive shells. This form is light Maine. A small round yellowish-white brownish and finely ridged. 25c shell, usually found in Northern waters. 25c 8. Sinum perspectivum. Say. N. J. to Florida. A thin, pure white shell. There 18. Calliostoma radicula. Simp. Woods are three on East Coast and species about Hole, Mass. A small tightly coiled shell 60 throughout the world. While the shell rayed with faint reddish-brown mark- is the mollusk to which it is only 1V", ings. 1" 25c attached I have seen stretch out to 6" or more and about as wide. They love to burrow in the shallow sand of the sea and 19. Vermetus radicula, Stimp. Woods are easily collected when you learn how Hole, Mass. A small tightly coiled and to find them. 11/2" 25c usually irregular shell of \Vi" . 25c 28 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 12 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 29 1. Pecten nodosus, L. Lions paw. N. C. 6. Venus mercenaria, L. Quahog, Little to Gulf of Mexico. A splendid shell, one Neck Clam. Gulf of St. Lawrence to of the finest in the world of its class, but Florida. Along the Mass, coast it is a seldom found on beaches. Usually regular article of commerce. Small one- dredged at 10 to 20 fathoms. Typical year clams are Little Necks. There is a 2" color is a shade of purple which ranges form found along N. C. and Florida called thru to orange-cream and bright red. The notata. Say. A white variety is called unusual colors are all rare and expensive. alba, Dall. Campeachensis, Gmel. is a 2" 1.50 3" 2.00 4" 3.00 very large heavy 5" shell oiten seen alive for sale in Florida food stores. Albora- diata. Sow. is from Gulf of St. Lawrence. 2. Macrocallista maculata, L. Calico Campeachensis, Palmed, was described in Shell. N. C. to Gulf of Mexico. Finely 1927. Texana, Dall. is from Texas. You mottled with irregular blotches of brown You find several of these varieties and gray. Very thin periostracum. 75c may in the same territory. All are true Venus Shells of the East Coast and belong to this 3. Macrocallista gigantea, Gmel. Sun- complex. Mostly 2". Ray Sheel. N. C. to Gulf of Mexico. The All varieties 50c each. largest of the genus on the East Coast attaining 5". In shallow bays they are often quite common. The shell is finely 7. Cyrtodora siliqua. Lam. Newfound- land. is not rayed with brown on a lighter brown A northern species which not in col- glistening surface. Interior pinkish- well known and often seen white. 50c to 1.00 lections. It is uncolored and 2 to 3". 75c 4. Spondylus americana. Lam. Eastern 8. Loripinus chrysostoma, Phil, (eden- Thorny Oyster. N. C. to Texas. This shell tula) Butter-cup Shell. Florida to West is fairly common in the Gulf at 10 to 20 Indies. As round as a cup, the odd valves fathoms but rarely found on any beach. being very common on Florida beaches Older specimens attain as much as 8", but as the shell hinge is very slight. The in- the small IVi to 3" specimens are finest, terior of the shell is tinged with yellow. often with slender spines where the old Much used in manufacturing shell novel- fellows have only short stubby spines. ties the valves being very common, but One of the grand forms of Spondylus of the entire shell in perfect pairs is very the world. 7.50 to 25.00 much less common. 2 to 3" 1.00 5. Cyprina islandica, L. Greenland 9. Modiolus plicatula. Lam. Plicate Venus. Greenland to N. C. in deep water. Mussel. Prince Edward Island to Florida. Most specimens I have seen come from A fine 3 to 4" species often found bur- Newfoundland. There is only one species, rowing in banks. It is also firmly estab- which is uncolored and attains 3 to 4". lished now on the West Coast. Usually a 1.00 dark, almost black color. 50c 30 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA fc-Jpr ^ /I%m'-^MS : fflLtX 11 J2 PLATE 13 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 31 1. Raeta canaliculate. Say. Hat Shell. 8. Pedalion alata, Gmel. Purse Shell. New Jersey to Brazil. A very thin, white Florida to W. I. A curious shell much re- the and fairly common shell, but the hinges sembling the Mother of Pearl from are so slight, most specimens found on East Indies. It is thin, brownish and, if the beaches are unmated valves. It is ground down to the pearl, takes a high finely ridged. 2 to 3" 1.00 polish. There are 50 species scattered over the world. 2 to 3" 75c 2. Lima lima. L. 5. Codakia orbiculata, Mont. Great Born. Great White Lucine. North Carolina to West 11. Cardium magnum. Cockle. to Florida and Indies. An attractive large white 3" shell Heart or Virginia ornamented with concentric ridges Mexico. The largest of the genus on the of a brownish color are crossed with numerous parallel lines. East Coast, they and other beaches One of the finest of this genus in Western often found at Sanibel 5" 50c Hemisphere. 50c by the thousands. 3 to 6. Lucina jamaicensis. Lam. Yellow 12. Tellina radiata, L. Sunset Shell. shell Lucine. Florida to West Indies. The S. C. to Texas and W. I. The Sun Shell, with is nearly round, outer surface rough, in highly colored specimens, show all the circular lines. Inside yellowish. rays of the setting sun. They are natural- 2 to 3" 50c ly very smooth and shiney. There is a yellowish form, without rays, called 7. Lucina pennsylvanica, L. Pennsyl- unimaculata. Lam. and found over the vania Lucine. N. C. to Florida and W. I. same range. Most common in West Indies, Usually l l/2", white, thick, and can al- where it is gathered by the barrel and ways be easily recognized by the inden- shipped to be used in the manufacturing tures along the edge. 25c of novelties. 25c 32 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 2G 27 28 PLATE 14 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 33 But and 1. Area occidentalis, Phil, (noae) Turkey-wing purple being the most common. yellows colors on Shell. A light colored shell with prominent dark reds are found and often two or more zigzag markings, the whole covered with mossy- one shell. Used in museum displays to show like hair. Used to be called Noah's Ark. range of coloration. 2" 50c 3" 50c 14. Iphigenia brasiliana, Lam. Indian River, Florida to Brazil. A light brownish shell, shaped 2. Yoldia Say. The Greenish Yoldia, limatula, somewhat like a Donax. Very common over its Gulf of St. Lawrence to N. Y. The shell is shiny range. 1 to 2" 50c greenish and of the form of cut. There are 28 to 1". Usu- species on the East coast mostly V2 15. Anomia aculeata, Mull. Aladdin Lamp or color. Most all are ally greenish or corneous Saddle Oyster. It is usually found living on the in collec- from deep water and more or less rare back of other shells and assumes the shape of at 2000 fa- tions. Some have been found living its host. The inner valve is very thin. Of a shell. J thoms. They will illustrate a deep water horn color. ! /4" 30c 50c 16. Modiola modiolus, L. Common Mussle. form of 3. Rangia (Gnathodon) cuneata, Gray. Louis- Artie Ocean to N. C. A dark shell of the iana. A solid, heavy, light brownish shell of cut with hairy periostracum. Often found grow- which only 2 species are known. This form is ing in large masses, each shell held to other, with 2" 50c found living quite common in Lake Ponchetrain. a strong brissus. 2" 50c 17. Mytilus recurva, Raf. (hamatus) Curved Mussel. R. I. to W. I. The shell is always 4. Pinna serrata, Sow. (seminuda) Fan Shell. arched, some more so than others. Of the usual N. C. to W. I. Most all shells of this genus are of most of the shells of this genus. This is rather thin dark color called Fan Shells. species 1*4" 25c and completely covered with fine serrations, all color. The shells consist of of a light yellowish 18. Pteria colymbus, Bolt. Wing shell. N. C. two as can be seen from the interior. plates, to W. I. Usually dark colored, slender and thin, in the held in place with They live mud, firmly they are often found attached to sea growths, the strands of which are ten a silky brissus, a dozen or more on a single gorgonia. finer silk. A reddish species is called times than 1V2 to 2" 1.00 carnea, and a nobby species regida (muricata). This form ranges from 6 to 12". 1.00 and Up 19. Modiola tulipa, L. Black Mussel. N. C. to West Indies. A medium size, usually very In some 5. Anomalocardia brasiliana, Gmel. Stripe;! smooth, black shell of 2" or more. ex- Venus. N. C. to Brazil. A small white shell of beaches in New England vast beds, acres in the form of cut with fine ridges and zigzag tent, can be seen. 25c markings. It is usually 1". 50c 20. Lima tenera, Sow. Little File Shell. Flor- white 2" shell not com- The Concen- ida Keys. A thin dainty 6. Nuculana concentrica, Say. mon. 50c tric Nuculana. Fla. to Texas. A neat little bi- valve of 1". There are 20 species in the genus 21. Saxicava arctica, L. (rugosa) The Arctic mostly from deep water. 50c Saxicave. Greenland to W. I. Also found on the West Coast, evidently having found its way over from 1 to 100 7. Astarte castanea, Say. Brown Astarte. thru the Arctic Ocean. Ranges Nova Scotia to Cape Hateras. A light brown, fathoms. They are borers and specimens collected of wood 1" 50c flat, rounded shell, that seems to stand any a- are usually in a piece mount of cold water and few specimens range 22. Modiola opifex, Say. The Slender Mussel. far south. There are 40 known species in very N. C. to W. I. Much resembles the other species both shallow and water and most all from deep of the genus, but more slender and hairy. Arctic " the regions. iy2 30c Mass, 8. Area inaequalis, Call. Unequal Ark. Fer- 23. Area pexata, Say. The Bloody Ark. nandina, Florida down to 294 fathoms. A good to N. C. A dark colored hairy shell common over size white species in which the valves are un- its range. It has red blood, a rarity among mol- equal. It is fairly common on some Florida lusca. 2" 50c shores. 2" 50c 24. Astarte undata, Gld. The Ribbed Astarte. It is covered with a brown 9. Strigilla carnaria, L. N. C. to Brazil. A Labrador to Maryland. small reddish and white shell with very fine lines periostracum and deeply ribbed. A cold water fathoms. over the entire surface. 1" 25c shell which has been found down to 500 1 1A" 30c The Dentate 10. Divaricella dentata. Wood. 25. Mya arenaria, L. Soft-shell Clam. Green- I. 60 Divaricella. N. C. to W. in 10 to fathoms. land to Fla. A shell that seems to be happy in It is pure white and finely sculptured. Only two either cold or warm water. Of a chalky white, 1" 50c forms on East Coast. irregular surface and open at one end. " 2y2 50c 11. Ensis directus, Con. (Americana) Razor Clam. Gulf of St. Lawrence to Fla. This cut 26. Dosinia discus, Rve. Fine-lined Artemis. should show a slight curved shell, as the Ensis Cape May to Fla. Keys. Only found on the East are about all curved and the true Solen's are Coast and is white with fine concentric rings. straight like this cut. 4 to 5" 50c When fresh it has a yellowish periostracum. On the West Coast of Florida you find the white 12. Pecten islandicus, L. Iceland Scallop. Heavy-lined Artemis (Dosinia elegans, Con.) Greenland to N. C. usually in deep water. When equally as common. 2 to 3" 50c well cleaned they often show brilliant colors 27. Plicatula Meusch. Cats Paw. from yellow to pink and red, and I have had all spondyloidea, Florida to Texas. small shell colors on one shell. More common in Iceland A finely ridged found other shells. There is a and Norway where they are regularly fished for often attached to similar shell called gibbosa. 1" 60c food. I have had very good specimens taken 4" from stomach of codfish. 3 to 1.00 28. Chione paphia, L. The Elegant Venus. Florida Keys to West Indies. It has very thick 13. Asaphis deflorata, L. (coccinea) Rayed heavy ridges and a brilliant natural polish with " Cockle. Fla. to W. I. It comes in various colors, some mottled color. 1V2 1.00 34 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 15 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 35 1. Chama macerophylla, Gmel. Jewel rare shell only recently offered to col- Box. Gulf of Mexico from deep water, lectors. Brownish mottled color. usually 10 to 20 fathoms. It varies from 2" 1.00 a rich yellow to pink. 2 to 3" 2.50 5. Spondylus americana. Lam. Eastern 2. Murex rufus florifer. Yellow Rock V Thorny Oyster. Gulf of Mexico. From Shell. Gulf of Mexico. Is allied to the deep sea only. Pure white with fairly Black Lace of a color, Murex, yellowish long spines when young. Base is red. the fronds edged with brown. Scarce. 4 to 7" 7.50 to 25.00 2V2" 1.00 3. Spondylus gussoni. Da Costa. Red 6 and 7. Are valves of Pecten exas- Spiney Oyster. Gulf of Mexico. Deep sea peratus, Sow. muscosus. The Sponge only. Of bright red color, few spines. Scallop from deep water in Gulf of 2V2" 2.50 to 5.00 Mexico. Finest specimens are brought up by the sponge divers. Specimens found 4. Pecten raveneli, Dall. Brown Vola. on beaches are usually free of the sponge. Gulf of Mexico. From deep sea only. A It is a reddish color. About 2". 1.00 ADVERTISEMENT Any collector who has an entire collection or choice duplicates for sale, write the author of this book and he will give you directions how to dispose of them. 36 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 16 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 37 1. Crepidula plana, Say. White Slipper Shell. 17. Cardita floridana, Con. Bird Shell. Flor- Prince Edward Island to Texas. Fairly common ida and Gulf of Mexico to Texas. Very common in some localities. 1%" 25c and collected in great quantities for use in mak- ing novelties. l x/4" 25c 2. Barnea truncata, Say. White Piddock. 18. Area L. Hairy Ark. North Caro- Maine to Gulf of Mexico. A fine species, fond barbata, lina to West Indies and Texas. After storms of burrowing in the sand. Very fragile. Valves you usually find the of this shell meet in the middle. 2" 1.00 specimens fairly only common. 2" 50c Gmel. Shell. 3. Glycymerus pectinata, Camb 19. Ostrea permollis, Sow. Yellow Oyster. and Texas. Found North Carolina to West Indies Madeira Beach, Fla. A small oyster of 1 inch of 2 to 175 fathoms and often on the beaches after a yellowish color on back. Interior white. storms. 1" 50c 50c 4. Tellina aurora, Hanley. St. Petersburg 20. Pedalion chemitziana, Orb. Scaly Oyster. Beach, Fla. A small white shell only occasionally Miami Beach, Fla. A small 1 inch shell, outer found. 1" 30c surface scaly, inside iridescent. 50c 21. Plicatula Lam. Cats North 5. Divaricella quandrisulcata, Orb. Massa- gibbosa. paw. Carolina to West Indies. In the rift of shells chusetts to Brazil, in 10 to 30 fathoms. A very often left the will find of round, finely sculptured white species. by tides, you plenty 1" BOc valves of this fellow and often pairs. 1" 25c Con. Little Mottled 6. Chione interpurpurea, 22. Serpulorbis Gmel. Coiled Worm Texas. small brown decussata, Venus, North Carolina to A Shell. North Carolina to Florida and West Indies. all the and white shell, fairly common on of 10 to 22 fathoms. Often found on the beaches beaches. 1" 25c 1 brought up by the tides. 1 A" 50c 7. Semele proficus, Pult. (orbiculata) White 23. Chama variegata, Rve. Variegated Chama. Semele. Virginia to Gulf of Mexico and West West Coast Florida. About 1", base flat, valves Indies. Nearly white, very round and fairly pink with small fronds. 75c common. 1%" 25c 24. Sinum perspectivum, Say. Baby Ear. New 8. Cytherea hebraea, Lam. West Coast and Jersey to West Indies. The Mollusk entirely Florida Keys. A small white shell about % inch covers the shell and is 3 to 4 inches. Burrows and fairly common. 25c in soft sand. Quite common in shallow bays. " 1 to iy2 30c 9. Rupellaria typicum, Jonas. False Ark. North Carolina to Florida and West Indies. About 25. Vermicularia spirata, Phil. Fragile Worm % inch, is usually found burrowing in masses Shell. An odd coiled form most often found liv- of Vermetus nigricans. 50c ing in sponges. I l/z" 50c 10. Petricola pholadiformis, Lam. Prince 26. Macoma constricta, Brug. The Constrict- Edward Island to West Indies and Texas. The ed Macoma. North Carolina to Brazil. A fine Florida Rock-dweller is usually found in old white species closely allied to the Tellinas. " logs in the absence of rocks on the beaches. iy2 50c 50c 27. Laevicardium mortoni, Con. The Little 11. Lithophaga nigra, Orb. (Caribaea) Black Cardium. Nova Scotia to Gulf of Mexico. Fairly Rock-borer. South Carolina to West Indies. common along the whole East Coast. A small Usually found living in holes in rock or coral. polished shell. 1" 25c 75c 28. Semele purpurascens, Gmel. The Purple 12. Anomalocardia cunimeris. Con. (rostrata) Semele. North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico and Pointed Venus. Florida and Gulf of Mexico. A West Indies. The colored valves are much more neat polished small shell of the venus type, common on the shore than mated shells. 25c 1 fairly common. 1 A" 50c Gmel. Reticu- 13. Area reticulata, (gradata) 29. Tellina interrupta mexicana, Petit. The lated Ark. North Carolina to West Indies and Mexican Tellin. West Florida. Faintly colored small shell in the Texas. A very neat living pink, it is a trim little shell not too common. sand and often brought up by the tides. 50c 30c 30. Gmel. Mactra. Spirula spirilla. L. Little Nautilus. Pure 14. Mactra fragilis, Fragile white shells are found on the beaches from North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. The Cape Cod, Mass, to the Gulf of Mexico. It is world- white, thin valves are often seen on the shore wide in distribution. I 1/*" 25c line after the tides have receded. 2" 50c 15. Paphyridea spinosum, Meusch. Mottled 31. Tagelus divisus, Speng. The Little Razor- Clam. North Carolina to Brazil. One often finds clam. Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. Typ- the unmated, pink valves on the beaches but ical of many forms found throughout the world. pairs are not too common. 2" 75c IMs" 30c 16. Area transversa, Say. Transverse Ark. 32. Diadora alternata, Say. Little Keyhole Massachusetts to Texas. A small fairly common Limpet. New Jersey to West Indies. Fairly com- " shell, on all of the beaches. iy2 35c mon on many beaches. 1" 25c 38 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 17 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 39 1. Pinna rigida. Dill. Boca Ciega Bay, 9. Glycymeris pectinata, Gmel. East Florida. A dark fan shell which attains Florida Coast. A small, finely ridged nearly a foot in size. Interior deep brown. shell, white with irregular lines of brown. Outer surface similar and ornamented Interior rich deep brown. 1" 50c with numerous hollow extended tubes. 1.00 10. Codakia orbicularis, L. East Coast Florida. A pure white, finely ridged and 2. Echinochama arcinella, L. Spiney reticulated shell, the interior showing Chama. Marco, Florida. The outside is traces of yellow. 2" 50c pure white completely covered with in rows. Interior white spines arranged 11. Conus floridanus, Gabb. N. C. to and lavender. IVz" 50c Gulf of Mexico. The specimen illustrated is finely mottled with reddish-brown, 3. Lucina pennsylvanica, L. Pennsyl- prominent sharp spire. 1V4" 50c vania Lucine. Grassy Key, Florida. A white shell covered with thin yellowish 12. Conus daucus, Brug. Deep water at periostracum with prominent ridge at Carobel, Florida. It is of a rich rosy red lines. Interior white. left. Many circular mottled with white. Small " 25c color, top flakes of white in middle of last whorl. 1V4" 2.00 4. Lucina jamaicensis, L. Jamaica Lucine. Florida. Outer surface Jupiter, 13. Conus nebulosus, Sol. East Coast with few circular lines and yellowish Florida in water. A shell finely Interior deep color. reddish-yellow. and shades of l%"50c mottled with white brown, arranged in the form of three wide bands. Upper surface similarly mottled. 5. Glycimeris americana, De France. 2.00 American Buttersweet. N. C. to Florida white shell with rich wide Keys. A 14. Thais undata. Con. East Coast circular bands of brown. In- irregular Florida. The shell is marked with with brown. You richly terior white splashed white and brown, two prominent rows of labeled as Pecten- will find these shells small nodules in middle of last whorl. culus, either name being O.K. IVfc" 50c Elongated spire and thin lip. 1" 25c 6. Pitar fulminata, Mke. N. C. to Flor- 15. Murex hexagona. Lam. Lake small white shell ida Keys. A finely Worth, Florida. A small reddish-white blotched with brown. Interior pure shell, with several prominent ridges, white. This and the foreign shells genus regularly adorned with short spines. of the are the genus Caryotis practically Nearly 1". 50c same. 1" 50c 16. Cerithium atratum, Born. Florida 7. Chione interpurpurea. Conr. West Keys. A black and white shell finely Coast Florida. A small white Venus fine- ornamented with one prominent ridge in ly lined and reticulated splashed with middle of each whorl, and sharp spines brown. Interior white. 1" 25c regularly placed thereon. Upper whorls show numerous early growth marks. 25c 8. Chione latilirata. Con. N. C. to Flor- ida Keys. A remarkable shell with six thick curved frills. All are blotched with 17. Terebra hastata. Gmel. East Coast specks of brown and three stripes. In- Florida. A glistening white shell, each terior white with a splash of purple at whorl of which is ornamented with wide one end. 1V6" 50c band of brown. 1 W 25c TH1 MAR I NT. SIIM.LS OF THE WEST COAST 01 I 111 UNITED STATES I HI i ii \i THAT i \i KY ONI will agree that the late \Villiam H. Ball of the United States National Museum was our 1'oreinost student of the marine mol- lusi .1 ol this region. Beginning in 1865, when he was a member of the scientific expedition condiu ted to the west coast by the Western Union Telegraph Com- of his this |).tn\. for fifty years he had spent much time working on remarkable l.nina. His complete list of the mollusca of the region was published as Bulletin No. ML' in 1921. In the following pages I have included some of the most important species ranging from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of California. This vast coast line includes species from three divisions, the Arctic, Temperate and Tropical launas, although very few that can be included in the last division. About 2,150 species are found in this region, of which 1425 are Gastropoda, 500 Pelecypoda and the balance include Pteropoda, Chitons, Dentaliums, etc. It will be seen from this total that the east coast shows a few hundred species more than the west, and I believe this is due to the fact there have been more extensive dredging operations in that territory. The number of shore species down to moderate depths is about the same. The earlier works on the mollusca of the west coast are largely confined to small booklets, covering only a lew hundred species and are of little use toda\. But in recent years, some very fine up-to-date books have been pub- lished, which an invaluable to the collectors of that region. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America was published in MJ2-1, tin u i iii i In -ing Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd. This splendid work is bound in loin line- volumes ol about 250pp each, with 108 full page plates, finely exe- (iiied. While not all the species arc- illustrated the most important forms are shown with splendid figures. In most cases the original description of the spec ies is given, and as numerous early writers wrote their descriptions in latin, that language- is used in such cases. The range of each species is also given as lai as then known. It is without doubt the- best work on American Marine shells that has \et appealed. The- same authoi also wiote a special report on the in. nine shells ol the- 1'uget Sound region which she- had extensively dredged. Co. ist West shelU, a small manual that is very uselul to carry on collecting was in trips published IW5. This book ol some- M 10 pages, has splendid descrip- tions and IIIIIIK ions Hesitations. The- author. Dr. Joshua L. Bailey, was well to do a HOO<| I equipped job and am sure- eolleitois everywhere appreciate his work. SHELL COLLECTORS WHO WISH MORE EXTENSIVE BOOKS ON THEIR HOBBY CAN ORDER THE FOLLOWING DIRECT FROM THE AUTHOR OF THIS BOOK OR ANY DEALER IN SHELLS WILL SECURE THEM FOR YOU. HANDBOOK FOR SHELL COLLECTORS contains only Foreign Marine Shells. You will find over 300 kinds of Conus, 130 Cypraea, 40 Murex, 50 Voluta and many other genera well illustrated. It is now in its 9th edition and has been the largest selling shell book in the world. About 2000 illustrations. Only $5. UNITED STATES MOLLUSCA contains only shells from U.S.A. It covers about 600 kinds from East Coast, 300 from West Coast, the more common Land Shells, Fresh Water Shells and a large assortinnent of Unios or Fresh Water Clams. No other book on U S A shells covers so much at so small a cost. A real library on the shells of this territory will now cost over $200. The new 1951 edition covers over 1500 illustrations and descriptions. Price $5. FOREIGN LAND SHELLS is the first book ever issued in this country on the subject that covers over 1400 species included in 262 genera. In one small vol- ume of 220 pages you get a real grasp on the Land Fauna of the world that is to collect. shells just as extensive as the marine and equally as fascinating The take up less room and cost far less than marine on the average. A doctor, after looking over his copy, wrote the author, "That any collector who failed to have ' the book in his library was a plain 'damfool.' Price $5. 42 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 18 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 43 1. Haliotis cracherodi. Leach. Black three frills on each whorl that are re- Abalone. Oregon to Lower Calif. It has flexed, alternating with rounded knobs. a smooth back, and inside is iridescent. When cleaned it is a very attractive shell. It takes a high polish and the brilliant Prefers the warmer waters of the south black markings contrast strongly with coast. 2" 50c the white pearl. 4 to 6". Natural 50c 1.50 Highly polished 6. Ceratostoma nuttalli. Con. Nuttalls Hornmouth. Southern California. Has 2. Haliotis fulgens, Phil. Blue Abalone. three prominent ridges and a small sharp Southern California. This species attains horn at the base. Of a rusty brown color, a larger size than the preceding, interior if not removed in cleaning. Rather is more highly colored and the back takes attractive. 2" 50c a fine polish, showing up iridescent colors. 6 to 7". 7. Tritonalia Nutt. Poulson's Natural 1.00 poulsoni, Rock Shell. Southern California. The Highly polished 3.00 to 5.00 surface is strongly marked with knobby varices. A fine grayish species that is 3. Haliotis rufescens. Swain. Red Aba- white inside. 2" 50c lone. California Coast. This is the largest on the like form West Coast and the 8. Polinices Lewisii, Gould. Lewis' the back takes a show- others, high polish, Bulls eye, Puget Sound, Wash., and most brilliant of red. The ing patches fiery of the West Coast. This is the largest Haliotis hide the rocks and as among they species of the genus and believed to be older settle down to a grow permanent the largest in the world. It is carnivorous. location. The back is often so fully Has been seen to bore a hole in the um- covered with sea growths, it is hard to bones of a bivalve in 30 minutes. Has detect the shell from the rocks. A solid leathery operculum. Attains 4 to 5". 1.00 iron bar is necessary to detach them. Most of the species are now protected by 9. funebralis. Ads. Black- law. 7 to 8". Tegula The Shell. California Coast. It is Natural 1.00 Top jet black and like all others of the Highly polished 3.00 to 5.00 genus, clings to the rocks often in the surf where it is hard to collect the specimens. One 4. Haliotis, White form. This cut is of the finest of the genus. W2" 25c used to illustrate the species that are naturally white and devoid of other 10. Astraea undosa. Wood. Wavy Tur- color. The from and largest come Japan bine Shell. Southern California. The sur- others from Mediterranean, etc. Most of face is wavy, covered with a thick peri- the white are rather thin and for species ostracum, which when removed and the that reason, not so extensively used for surface buffed, shows a shiny pearl sur- commercial purposes. They all take a face. One of the largest and heaviest of 5 to 6". high polish. the 5 to 6" but the Natural 50c 2.00 genus attaining Highly polished medium size shells with the attractive periostracum are best. 5. Murex festivus. Hinds. The Festive Natral 50c to 1.00 Rock Shell. San Pedro, Calif. There are Highly polished 3.00 44 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA ^P*i&ars,j 14 15 PLATE 19 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 45 1. Argobuccinum oregonensis. Red- found in Japan. Very widely distributed field. The Oregon Triton. Alaska to and is largest Chiton in world. Usually 6 Puget Sound. They are covered with a to 7" but specimens have been taken to hairy periostracum which, if removed 10". It lives on rocks below tide line and shows a handsome white shell, but to my not very easy to find or collect them due notion looks best in its attractive coating, to heavy surf. 2.00 to 5.00 well illustrating cold water shell. 3 to 4" 1.00 9. Ishnochiton magdalensis. Hinds, Magdalena Bay Chiton. Coos to Magda- 2. Surculites carpenterianus, G a b b . lena Bay. Quite a large species that lives Carpenters Tower Shell. Monterey Bay under the rocks at low tide. It has a in very deep water. Must be dredged. rough sculpture and low arched valves. The surface is covered with fine reticu- 3" 75c lations. A rare shell only occasionally seen. Belongs to the great Turris family, the shells with a notch. 10. Tonicella lineata. Wood. The Red- 3" 3.00 to 5.00 lined Chiton. All California Coast. Of a yellowish-brown color with wavy lines of orange, red and green. A striking shell. 3. Macron aethiops kelletti, A. Ads. 1V4" 50c Kellett's Macron. Lower California Coast. A neat dark colored species, the largest of the genus. 2 to 3" 1.00 11. Acanthina lugubris. Sow. The Sad Unicorn Shell. California coast. Of a brownish color, it has a little horn near 4. Ranella Californica. Hinds. Cali- the base of the aperture, from which it fornia Frog Shell. Monterey to southern takes its name. 1" 25c California. A fine, large, yellowish- brown shell but you get no idea of its beauty as taken from the water, as it 12. Ceratostoma foliatum. Mart. The being usually covered with incrustations Leafy Horn-mouth. California Coast. of all sorts. Lives on mud flats and is The three wing-like varices, white color one of the finest Ranellas in the world. and large size are its striking features. 3 to 6" 1.00 Good specimens are usually dredged as it is rarely found on the beaches. 2 to 3" 1.00 5. Cypraea spadicea. Sow. Chestnut Cowry. Southern California. The rich dark color of brown the back of the shell 13. Polinices recluziana, Desh. Recluz's is in contrast with the bluish striking cast Bullseye. Southern California. The heavy of the and white teeth. at- base, A very patch of enamel covering the columella tractive shell and not real common. is a distinguishing feature. There is a 1Y2 to 2" 1.00 variety imperforata, Dall. in which the patch of enamel completely covers the 6. Cancellaria cooperi, Gabb. Coopers umbilicus and alta, Brod. which has an Cancellaria. Usually dredged in southern elevated spire. 2" 50c part of California. Fishermen occasion- ally bring one in their nets. It is the up 14. Norrisia norrisii. Sow. The Norris largest of the genus in the world and has Top Shell. Southern California. It has a always been a rather rare shell. leather periostracum of brown and 2 to 3" 3.00 to 5.00 color, curious operculum. As it is a pearly shell, will take a high polish. 2" 50c 7. Katherina tunicata. Sow. Black Katy. From Oregon coast southward. 15. Shell is smooth and black with wide Megathura crenulatus. Sow. Great California Coast. leathery margin. Easily identified from Keyhole Limpet. The mollusk is all other Chitons. 2Vz" 50c much larger than the shell and attains 8" while the shell is 2Vz to 3". Only a few Keyholes attain such a large 8. Cryptochiton stelleri, Midd. The size. The shell lives wholly below the Great Chiton. California coast and is also tides and is of a whitish color. 50c 46 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 20 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 47 21. Sow. Gemmed Rock-shell. 1. Trophon triangulatus, Carp. Three-corn- Murex gemma, is brown and ered Trophon. Of a reddish-brown color, it lives South coast California. The color all rare. in water. Not often found on shores in good white. There are several varieties, quite deep 50c condition. Rare. 3" 5.00 22. Searlesia dira, Rve. Dire Whelk. 2. Gould. The Pink Scallop, Pecten hericius, California. Only the one species, which much in Sound. very is found in deep water Puget A resembles other foreign species of the genus to 3" 50c 1 beautiful shell. 2 Euthria. I /*" 50c 3. Pecten circularis, Sow. South coast. Fin- 23. Cerithidea californica, Hald. California est specimens are dredged and often brilliant Horn Shell. California. It is of a blackish color colored shells are seen. 3" 50c and common on bushes along the coast. 1" 25c 4. Acmaea pelta, Esch. Shield Limpet. A L. Great Horse-mussel. fairly common conical shell. Distinguished by its 24. Modiola modiolus, south where it attains 25 blunt ribs. Inside is white with a dark thread Puget Sound and points inches in diameter. The around the edge. 1" 25c eight inches and four periostracum is bearded near the edge. Takes 5. Chama exogyra, Con. Reverse Chama. Ore- a fine polish. 50c to 1.00 to Panama. Of a white color but gon dirty 25. Acmaea Esch. Fingered Limpet. cleans into attractive specimens. 2" 50c digitalis, up California. Very common on north coast. Has the 1" 25c 6. Capulus californicus, Dall. California Cap- radial digitationa to periphery. Shell. Quite rare and usually found attached to 26. Tritonalia circumtexta, Stearns. Circled Pecten diegoensis, which is also rare. Has brown Rock-shell. California. Outside is white with periostracum. 1" 1.50 brown spots; inside reddish. 50c 7. Crepidula onyx, Sow. Slipper Shell. A fine 27. Acanthina spirata, Blv. Angular Unicorn- large species of dark color from lower California. shell. California. Usually found mixed with sea 2" 25c weed clinging to the rocks. Very common. 1" 25c 8. Acmaea limatula, Carp, (scabra). The File Limpet. California. Closely resembles patina. 28. Nassa tegula, Rve. Tile-roof Dog-Whelk. Light brown or whitish and covered with scaly South coast, always found common on mud flats. ridges. About one inch. 25c 25c California 9. Thais Gmel. Wrinkled Thais, 29. Conus californicus, Hinds. lamellosa, Has brown Puget Sound. Many specimens are finely frilled Cone, South coast. Very common. 1" 50c and richly colored with white or reddish. There periostracum. are also smooth varieties 2" 25 to 50c 30. Turritella cooperi, Carp. Coopers Turret Shell, South coast. It loves to push around in 10. Nutt. San Diego. Crepidula onyx rugosa, the beach sand. IVa" 25c A richly colored species which attains two inches. 25c 32. Olivella biplicata, Sow. Purple Olive. Cal- ifornia. A fine polished shell which attains one 11. Phil. Brown Shell Tegula brunnea, Top inch. Usually found burrowing in sandy shore. California. Of a rich brown color it is very com- " 25c mon on rocks at low tide. 1 % 25c 33. Acmaea scabra. Gould, (spectrum). The 12. Tegula funebralis. A. Ads. Black Top- Rough Limpet. California. Of a gray exterior, shell. dark California. A very common species the inside is white and dotted with spots. A very living on rocks usually between the tides where variable shell which usually lives high on the it gets the full force of the waves. 1*,4" 25c rocks. 1" 25c 13. Calliostoma costatum, Mart. Ribbed Top- 34. Semele rupicola, Dall. Rock-dwelling Sem- shell. California. Has four rounded whorls with ele. From Santa Cruz southward. A very nearly spiral ridges. Is a blue pearly color when cleaned. circular white shell. 1%" 25c 1" 25c 35. Venericardia barbarensis, Stearns. Venus 14. Calliostoma annulatum, Mart. The Ringed Heart. Santa Barbara. Good specimens are usu- Top-shell. California. Reddish or yellowish-brown ally dredged at 200 or more fathoms. 1.00 shaded with violet. Usually found living on broad 36. Solen rosaceus, Carp. Rosy Razor-clam stems of kelp some distance from shore. " South coast. Two inch, rosy-white and has horn 1V2 50c colored periostracum. 35c 15. Thais lima, Mart. Rough Thais. Californ- 37. Psudomelatoma tnoesta, Carp. The Dole- ia. Lives in deep water. Spire has four fairly ful Tower-shell. South of Monterey. Of a whorls which are ornamented with fifteen spiral brownish each whorl is marked with cross grooves. 1^4" 25c color, ribs. 50c 16. Thais Desh. Rock-dwelling emarginata, 38. Ensis Dall. California Razor- Thais. California. Very common and very var- californicus, clam. Monterey southward. It is two inches, iable. Quite similar to the east coast species narrow, curved, and somewhat rare. 50c lapillus. 1" 25c 39. Amphissa columbiana, Dall. Columbian 17. Gilded Tegula aureotincta, Forbes. Top- Amphissa. A northern species happy in cold shell. South coast California. are Whorls banded Alaskan waters, but has been found in deep wa- by spiral ridges with wavy crossings. Umbilicus ter at San F'rancisco. 25c has yellow stain. l'/4" 25c 40. Pecten Latiauritus monotimeris, Con. 18. Tegula ligulata, Mke. Banded Top-shell. Monterey southward. Thin yellow and brown, California. A solid little shell with spiral knobby mottled with zigzag lines. 1" 25c lines. Takes a fine 25c polish. 41. Mytilus adamsianus, Dunk. Adams Mus- 19. Nassa fossatus, Gld. Channelled Dog- sel. South coast. Often eroded on outside but Whelk. Washington to Mexico. Largest of the inside is of dark purple pearly color. 1" 25c on the West coast and of genus one the largest 42. Lithophaga plumula, Hanley. Rock-eating in world. the It burrows in the mud. Orange Mussel. California. It loves to burrow in rock and ashy color. 1%" 25c or other shells. 1 to 2" 50c 20. Moniliopsis incisa ophioderma, Dall. (pen- 43. Tylodina fungiana, Gabb. Mushroom Um- cillata) Snake-skinned Tower-shell. South brella-shell. Has limpet-like shell which is en- coast California. The aperture is long and spire tirely covered with a pinkish mantle. South has eight whorls. 1" 25c coast and quite rare. 1.00 48 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA ' i 'i^ ^Tf^ 13 n .*m PLATE 21 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 49 1. Mcpalia muscosa, Gould. Mossy 14. Acmaea incessa. Hinds. Seaweed Chiton. Alaska south to Mexico. Girdle Limpet. California. Usually found living is covered with stiff hairs. Inside bluish- on the flat branches oi giant sea weeds. green. 1 to 2" 50c A neat small dark brown shell. 25c Dall. Painted 2. Mopalia ciliata, Sow. Hairy Chiton. 15. Fusinus luteopictus, Washington to Mexico. Girdle wide, yel- Spindle-shell. California. A light yellow lowish or brown with some brown hairs. and brown shell, quite rare in most local- Usually brighter color than muscosa. ities. 1" 50c 1V2" 50c 16. Macron lividus. A. Ads. Livid Macron. Around San and south- 3. Mopalia ciliata wosnessenskii, Midd. Diego color. 25c Wosnessenski's Chiton. Shell is more ward. Of a brownish elongated and roundly arched back. Olive 17. Septifer bifurcatus. Rve. Branch- or drab color. as ciliata. Some range ribbed Mussel. South beaches. Not com- IVz" 50c mon. A dark colored shell much like adamsianus but has a small check 4. Nuttalina californica, Rve. Califor- Mytilis across the interior of the shell. 1 1A" 25c nia Chiton. Very common. Will often be on rocks at low tide. Valves found high 18. Ishnochiton conspicuus. Carp. Con- eroded. 1V2" 50c often much spicuous Chiton. Monterey to Mexico. Girdle has short bristles, and is pink in- 5. Ishnochiton mertensii, Midd. Mer- side. Attains 3V2". Is often confused with tens' Chiton. Alaska to Lower California. magdalensis which has rough sculpture A reddish species with rich sculptured and white internally. 50c valves. Mantle covered with fine round scales. 1V4" 50c 19. Mytilis californianus. Con. Cali- fornia Mussel. California. Ribs very con- 6. Ishnochiton clathratus, Rve. Trell- spicuous. Of a purple color. Attains 7 or ised Chiton. South coast. Richly sculp- 8" and takes a high polish. 2" 50c tured and light green inside. Often con- fused with cooperi. 1V4" 50c 20. Laqueas californicus, Koch. Cali- fornia Lamp Shell. Thin and smooth, of 7. Tonicella hartwegi. Carp. Hartweg's a reddish color. Fishermen often bring up Chiton. Alaska to Lower California. Olive clusters in their nets. 1V4" 50c green, 1", almost flat shell. 50c 21. Volutharpa haysiana, Bern. Alaska. 8. Ishnochiton regularis. Carp. Regular A horn-colored shell with thin periostra- Chiton. California. Finely sculptured cum, usually found in deep water. and is of olive or slatey-blue with light 1 to lV2"50c blue interior. IVz" 50c 22. Macoma secta. Con. Giant Macoma. 9. Callistochiton decorata. Carp, (top) Alaska to Mexico. Thin and white, largest Decorative Chiton. Southern California. of genus. 3" 50c A small form, finely sculptured, of a red- dish or yellowish-brown. Found along 23. Cardium corbis. Mart. Basket south coast. 50c Cockle. Very common on all west coast. Considered good eating. Shell brittle. 10. Chaetopleura gemma. Carp, (bot- 3 to 4" 50c tom). Gem Chiton. Monterey south. Color varied from red to yellow. Valves 24. Pandora filosa. Carp. Puget Sound. rough. 25c A small white shell, typical in form of most of the species of the genus. 1" 50c 11. Trichotropis cancellata. Hinds. Checked Hairy-shell. The gray Periostra- 25. Heterdonax bimaculatus, L. Spot- eum is covered with hairs. A real cold ted False Wedge-shell. Of a purple and water species from Alaska to Washington. white color. It is common along south 1" 50c coast. 1" 25c 12. Glycymeris subobsoleta. Carp. 26. Tagelus californianus. Con. Cali- Medium Ark. Solid, as are all the genus. fornia Razor-clam. They burrow in mud Of a brownish-white. Whole coast. along south coast. 2 to 3", of a gray 2" 50c color. 25c 13. Nassa perpinguis. Hinds. Fat Dog- 27. Apolymetis biangulata. Carp. whelk. Very common from Washington < meta> Yellow apolymetis. California. to Mexico. A whitish finely checked Usually whitish outside and yellowish in- shell covered with tiny squares. 25c side. Common. 2 to 3" 50c CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 20 21 22 PLATE 22 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 51 1. Hinnites giganteus. Gray. The Pur- to its rocky home. It has a dark chestnut ple-hinge Scallop. California coast. These periostracum, covered with transverse strange shells of irregular shape are al- wrinkles. 2 l/2" 50c ways a puzzle. The first years growth is like a small Pinna or Fan Shell, when 9. Pododesma macrochisma, Desh. they start to assume the form of a scallop Pearly Monia, Puget Sound. One of the a of it. are and make quite job There only large species of the world, of the genus three and this is the known species larg- Anomia. There are only six species of its 3 to 4". have a red- est, attaining They class, one being in far off China. At- dish-purple spot on the inside near the tains 3". 50c hinge. 1.00 10. Ostrea lurida. Carp. The Lurid 2. Saxidomus nuttalli. Con. Nuttalls Oyster. California coast. Of a dull color Saxidome. Southern California coast. It like most of the Oyster tribe, is rather is covered with rough concentric rings, small and stubby but like many other white and 2 to 3". 50c species assumes various shapes, some of which have been named. Some of the varieties have reddish shell. 2" 25c 3. Chama pellucida, Sow. Agate Chama. San Pedro. One of the finest of the West Coast forms and will compare 11. Pholadidea parva. Try on. The Lit- tle Piddock. California coast. It is a favorably with any known species. They very are always firmly fastened to a rock and small species, no larger than cut and often much smaller. often grow in clusters. Of a pearly white, Usually found burrowing occasionally rose-red shadings. in back of Haliotis shells. If they burrow to 2" 50c too deep, the Haliotis will try to protect itself by forming bulbous blotches of nacre and thus prolong its life. 75c 4. Mytilimeria nuttalli, Con-Nuttall's Sea bottle. California coast. A curious 12. Macoma inquinata. Desh. Polluted form of shell only found in the clumps of Macoma. Puget Sound. This genus of Sea Anemones which are often found shells in western hemisphere are mostly under large rocks. There are many forms white and rather thin. These are about of sea shells that live happily with other 75 species in the world and some attain lower invertebrates. 1" 75c rather large size. 1 to 3" 50c 13-14. 5. Pholos in Rock. Illustration shows Terebratalia occidentalis. Ball. The Western Shell. how many forms of thin slender shells Lamp Southern Cali- fornia. One of the will thoroughly perforate hard rock, as a great Brachiapod shells which are of protection. How they excavate their bur- world-wide distribu- tion and row has been studied for generations. range through various genera. Some forms live deep in their burrows Most of the thousand of species are fossil in the a few in the and others protrude slightly. rocks, only now living oceans. The two illustrations show both outside and inside of shell. 1V4" 50c 6. Barnea pacifica, Stearns. Pacific Pid- dock. California coast. All the Piddocks 15. Tagelus subteres. Con. Subcircular of the world being tender shells must live Razor Clam. California coast. A shell in a burrow of wood or rock as shown in with violet rays and dark periostracum illustration. Some species are quite small that burrows in the sand. There are a but this form attains 2 Vz". 1.00 number of species on both coasts. 2V2" 30c 7. Modiolus rectus. Con. The Straight Horse-mussel. California coast. A smooth 16. Lithophaga plumula. Hanley. Rock- brownish shell attaining 3 to 4" and often eating Mussel. California coast. It has a adorned with numerous hairs which en- small cylindrical brownish shell, with ables it to attach to other shells of the which it burrows in the rock or other same species forming a family cluster. handy substances. 1 to 2" 50c 50c 17. Glottidea albida. Hinds. White- 8. Botula falcata, Gould. Hooked Pea- tongue Shell. Monterey to Lower Cali- pod Shell. Southern California. A borer fornia. A fine little grayish brachiapod which has no trouble in perforating the of about 1V4". They burrow in the mud, hardest rock, making an even round hole, the tip of each shell just below the sur- protecting its very thin shell. It also spins face. 50c a brissus to more thoroughly attach itself (Descriptions of 18 to 22 at bottom of Plate 23) 52 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 23 18-19. Terebratalia transversa. Sow. 2\. Hipponyx antiquatus, L. The Ancient }li of-sht-ll. California coast. Thi-ro art 1 thrt-c Transverse Shell. California coast. Lamp spfcii-s on this roast and all diffi-r widely. This The largest specimens have come from littli- ffllow is about half an inch and loves to live Puget Sound. Illustration shows inside on back of other shells. There are about 30 in the world. 25c and outside of shell IVfe" 50c 2H. Acmaca patina. K-.I h. The 1'late I.imi"' 22. Crucibulum spinosum. Sow. The Cup and Califnriiin '".i t The out-nit- ,, ,,( dark rolt.r Saucer Shell. California coast, mainly south. with niiliat ini' line In nit- there i-i a dark It lives on the rocks, often well camouflaged. rinK around I hi- edne. then a broad lilui-^h-whiti- You pry them off with a sharp knife. In the lining and ti'-nr thi- ri'iiti-r a palcti of hriiwn. warmer waters of the ocean there are 2 inch 1 If 'it ihiTt- n rr many variationx. I -." '-''" fi rms hut this species i- about an inch. 50c from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 53 1. Semele decisa. Con. The Clipped covered with knobby nullipores. Lives Semele. Common near Point Loma and below low tide. Alaska south to Mexico. other southern points. A very round, IW 25c wrinkled shell with large highly polished 15. Cardium substnatum. Con. interior. 2 1A" 50c Egg- shell Cockle. South coast. White and 2. Chione succincta. Val. Banded often mottled inside. A small species. 25c Chione. California. Usually of yellowish 16. californica. Con. California cast outside and interior white. Strong Lyonsia Shell. to lower Cali- heavy shell. 2" 50c Lyons Washington fornia. A thin, small, interesting species 3. Chione fluctifraga. Sow. Smooth that lives in holes to protect its shell. Chione. California. Surface almost 1" 50c smooth and interior purple. 2" 50c 17. Lucapinella callomarginata. Carp. 4. Chione simillina. Sow. False Wavy Hard-edge Keyhole Limpet. South Coast. Chione. common in south section. Very About 3 exterior, white Can be /4", gray inside, usually easily distinguished by lives below low tide. 50c the greater number of concentric lamel- lae. The above three species are strong 18. Janthina exigua. Lam. Little Vio- heavy shells. 2" 50c let-snail. California. Very thin and The female forms a float which 5. Venerupis staminea. Con. Ribbed fragile. Rock-venus. California. Very common contains the eggs. It is pelagic and floats on the surface of the sea. If at everywhere. Finds ready sale in North- stormy, ern markets. Color chocolate to white such times, great quantities are thrown on the shore. and often with chevron markings. 35c 2 to 3" 50c 19. Dentalium pretiosum. Nutt. Pre- 6. Tivela (pachydesma) s t u 1 1 o r.u m, cious Tusk Shell. Puget Sound. Shells Mawe. The Great Tivela. Pismo Clam. labeled indianorum are the same. The A large thick heavy species ranging up to Dentaliums have neither head, heart, eyes five inches. Yellowish-white, often rayed or gills. The foot protrudes from large with purple. Mollusk very good for food. end with which it burrows in sand. Tiny Common in southern section. 3 to 5" 50c tentacles emerge from small end. 1V4" 25c 7. Lucina californica. Con. California Lucina. California. Pure white and com- 20. Epitonium hindsii. Carp. Lower mon along the southern coast. 1 1A" 35c California. A very neat small form, pure white and common. 1" 25c 8. Psammobia californica. Con. Sun- very set Shell. Burrows in sand. Covered with 21. Macoma indentata. Carp. Indented thin brown periostracum. Often finely Macoma. South Coast. The edge of the rayed with red. Washington to Southern shell is indented and beaked, differing California. 3" 50c from the larger form secta in this respect. Pure white. 1V4" 25c 9. Mya cancellata. Con. Checked Soft- shell Clam, Southern Coast. White, 2 to 22. Periploma planiuscula. Sow. Silver 3". Usually thicker and heavier than Lantern Shell. Can always be identified other species. 50c by its spoon-like teeth. White, smooth. 10. Tellina salmonea. Carp. Salmon- South Coast. 2" 50c colored Tellin. Typical specimens often 23. Epitonium crenatoides. Carp. Low- only V2". Nearly white outside, salmon er California. A very distinct small inside. Pacific Grove. \Vz" 75c species. It lacks the usually fine ribs with 11. Petricola caritoides. Con. Heart- which so many forms are adorned. 25c shaped Rock-dweller. California. Very 24. Donax californica. Con. California variable in shape. Bores in soft rock or Wedge-shell. Of a horn color and only often lives in holes made by other mol- occasionally striped. It is thinner and lusks, and forms shell to fit hole. Dingy- less highly colored than the next species. white. 1 to 2" 50c 25c 12. Natica aleutica. Ball. Bulls- Arctic 25. Donax gouldsii. Ball. Gould's Alaska. in eye, Fairly common shallow Wedge-shell. This is the species that used Uncolored. bays. IVfe" 50c to be labeled Californica. Very common. 13. Sinum debile, Gould. Frail Bulls- Colors varying from purple to white and eye. South coast. Pure white, flat with often striped. Often seen on the beaches large aperture. Burrows in sand. by the thousands. 25c 50c \W 26. Amiantis callosa. Con. White Ami- 14. Acmaea mitra. Esch. White Cap antis. South Coast. 3 to 4", very fine, Limpet. Very conical and white. Often white shell, almost smooth. 2 to 3" 1.00 54 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 24 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 55 1. Periploma discus, Str. The Round 6. Cardium ciliatum, Fabr. The Beard- Lantern Shell. Southern California. A ed Cockle. Alaska. A thin yellowish- shell as thin as paper, white, slightly white shell with prominent dotted ridges. elongated at one end. There are about 17 Interior yellow. 1V4" 50c species known. Those I had in my col- lection from California to Aus- ranged 7. subobsoleta, Cpr. The 1%" 50c Glycimeris tralia. Medium Ark. Friday Harbor Washington. A small thin white shell with tent-like markings of brown. Interior white with 2. B&S. The Macoma inconspicua. brown blotch at one side. About 1". 50c Little Macoma. Oregon to Monterey. A thin nearly round, white shell and in- terior chalky white. \ 1A" 25c 8. Cardium groenlandicum, Ch. The Greenland Cockle. Alaska. A rather thin yellowish-white shell, almost smooth. 3. Thracia curta. Con. The Short Thra- 50c cia. Alaska to San Diego. A dull white shell with of usu- irregular edge valves, 9. Tellina idae. Ball. Ida's Tellin. marks and white ally showing growth Southern California coast. A pure white inside. There are about 38 in the species finely lined shell not real common. world. A few in all seas. 2" 1.00 2V4" 75c 4. Pecten islandicus beringiana, Midd. 10. Thracia beringi, Dall. Alaska. A Alaska. A reddish shell with many very thin nearly smooth pure white shell 50c prominent ribs, some close together and of about 1". some about twice as high as other. Rather in a 2 1A" 1.00 unusual pecten. 11. Entodesma saxicola, Baird. Alaska. A rather coarse irregular shaped shell with very thick black periostracum. In- 5. Pecten Arnold. Jordan's jordani, terior white shading to brown. 3V2" 1.00 Scallop. Alaska. A drab colored shell, with shades of pink near the umbones, course ribs and growth marks near outer 12. Astarte rollandi, Bern. Alaska. A edge. Interior white, shading to pink finely lined rich dark brown shell white 1 near hinge. 1%" 1.00 inside. 1 A" 50c 56 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 25 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 57 1. Siliqua patula, Dixon. Oregon. The 7. Sanguinolaria nuttalli. Con. Nuttall's Flat Razor-clam. The entire surface is Sanguinolaria. California. A rather yellowish-brown with traces of violet. It round thin shell covered with a brilliant is a large shell which burrows in the sand yellowish-brown periostracum. Interior and can often be detected by the water a rosy-purple. 2 J/2" 75c being thrown up by the siphon as one walks along the beach. It is said to be the first shell described from the West Coast 8. Venerupis lamellifera. Con. Mon- which you will find in the excellent book terey, Calif. The Laminated Rock Venus. written by Captain George Dixon, pub- Within recent years the genus name has lished in London in 1789. His men found been changed to Irus but the old name is the shell meat very fine eating and much more in line with the many other species enjoyed. Usual specimens 5". 1.00 of the genus. The shell is white inside. 50c 2. Platycodon cancellata. Con. The Checked Soft-shell Clam. Closely re- lated to the genus Mya but of different 9. Modiola capax. Con. The Black habits. The shell is grayish-white with Horse Mussel. Common at San Pedro. opening at one end for the large siphon. The ground color is a deep pink which is Fairly common along the South Cali- covered with a thick hairy periostracum. fornia coast. 2 to 3" 50c Interior mostly white. Fresh shells should be wiped dry and coated with a solution of white shellac or the strong coating will 3. Macoma secta. Con. Whole West quickly peel off in part. 2V2 to 3 Vz" 50c Coast. The Giant Macoma. A thin glis- tening white shell with thin yellowish 2" 50c periostracum. 10. Apolymetis biangulata. Carp. The Yellow Apolymetis (Old name was Metis 4. Macoma nasuta. Con. West Coast. alta, Con.). It is a rounded oval shell, A fairly smooth white shell with brown- wrinkled at one end and fine concentric ish periostracum. IVfe" 25c lines. White with tinge of yellow. South- ern California. 2" 50c 5. Pholadidea ovoidea, Gld. San Diego. The Oval Piddock. Rounded oval at one 11. Mactra planulata. Con. The Flat end downward to a rounded extending southward in Califor- White with blackish Mactra, Monterey point. above, peri- nia. A thin yellowish-white shell shaped ostracum below. It is a borer in good much like nasuta. 1%" 50c wood or rock. l x/2" 50c 6. Semele rubro picta. Dall. San Diego. 12. Cryptomya californica. Con. The A large oval shaped shell with fine lines California Shoft-shell Clam. Californ-ia and frequent growth marks. White tinged coast generally. A small yellowish ellipti- with pink. Interior white. 1%" 50c cal shell rather thin, about 1". 25c 58 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 26 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 59 1. Murex endivia. Lam. Philippines. 6. Murex cornutus. Lam. African A handsome brown and white marked Horned Murex. West Africa. A dark shell with curved spines or none at all, brownish shell attaining 6" or more with which is fairly common on the shores of fine curved horns. Fairly common if Cebu and other similar situations. Usual- there were any collectors in the territory ly about 3". 1.00 where they are found. But there is never enough of them on the market to supply the demand. 2.00 2. Murex stainforthi, Rve. Stainforth's Murex. Northwest Australia. Has sev- eral rows of blackish ridges which will 7. Murex princeps, Brod. Princess distinguish it from other forms. There Murex. Gulf of California to Panama. are few shell collectors it is where found A very fine species ranging from 2 to 4" hence not very common in collections. with several rows of varices. The body 2" 2.00 whorls are well marked with rich deep reddish-brown bands. Not rare but the and older are usually 3. Murex palmarosea. Lam. Indian and larger specimens much eroded enemies of all such mol- Pacific Oceans. Never very common any- by lusca. The medium sized shells are best. where. It is a wonderfully fine brownish 1.50 species and from some localities the edges of the fronds are pink. There are other forms of similar and rarer. style 8. Murex elegans. Beck. Lined Murex, There never seems to be shells enough West Indies. A handsome smooth species of this to the demand. species supply of 3" which must be uncommon as it is 3" 7.50 so rarely seen in collections in fine con- dition. If you make trips to the Bahamas, 4. Murex radix nigritus, Phil. Black as so very many do now days, look for it Murex: West Mexico and Panama. There and find out if possible where it is most is another similar form with only a few often found. It much resembles the var- rows of varices and is found to run much iety motacella from Senegal. 3.00 larger in size than this form. Usual size of rich black shells is 3 to 4". Small 2". 9. Murex saxatilis, L. African Murex. Specimens have very sharp slender West Africa. One of the large tine forms spines, which thicken up with age. 1.00 of light brown color, ranging from 4 to 6". Must be fairly common as I can re- 5. Murex aduncus. Sow. Winged Mu- member back 40 years ago when it was rex. Japan. A small shell seldom over one of the most common species on the 2" with very prominent thin wings. market but of recent years very few are Much desired. Usually a pale brown seen. It has three bands which show in- color. 1.00 side the white aperture. 2.00 Beginning with plate 26 all the rest of the shells in this book are from foreign countries. 60 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 PLATE 27 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 61 1. Murex haustellum, L. Snipe-bill spine, make it easily recognized. Attains Murex. Philippines. This is one of the 4" and has faint brown bands. Not at very odd and curious forms of this great all common in my lifetime but no telling genus. There are over 400 varieties of what the future will bring forth. 2.50 Murex in the world and if you could see them all or even most of them, you would 6. Murex pliciferous. Sow. Japan. A find some ever more curious than this pure white species that ranges from 3 to one. It is 4 to 5", has high ridge back of 4" with short spines. Most of the Murex and brown lines. 2.00 aperture spiral have a horny operculum. This specimen has one that perfectly fits the aperture. So collectors fail to this 2. Murex phlorator. Ad. and Rve. many preserve of the shell. 1.00 Japan. This is an odd and uncommon important part winged shell which is not as large as the cut would indicate. Usually runs about 7. Murex elongatus. Lam. Fringed 1V4" but may come a little larger. 1.00 White Murex. China Seas. Usually at- tains 4 to 5" but may be found much as it resembles the common 3. Murex torrefactus. Sow. Philip- larger very White Murex. Brownish-white with pines. There are a number of species of this type and they are usually some shade frilled spines. 1.00 of brown. Most of them are fairly com- mon in their range. They often require 8. Murex anguliferus. Lam. Angular a great deal of work to prepare them for Murex. Red Sea. Usually 2 to 3" of a the cabinet, as all sorts of marine life brownish color, with short stubby spines love to use them as host. 3 to 4" 2.00 or none at all. There are a number of similar types. 1.00 4. Murex hexagonus. Lam. Panama. This is a species of about 1 inch but it is 9. Murex adustus. Lam. Black Asiatic a beauty. Most specimens I have seen Murex. Philippines. A small black shell contains more spines than are shown on with frilled edges that is fairly common this cut. There are similar forms, most in Sulu Sea and thereabouts. It must be of which live on rocky shores. 50c thoroughly cleaned to bring out the rich color. 2 to 3" 1.00 5. Murex occa. Sow. China. One of the unique forms of the spiney Murex 10. Murex erinaceous, illustrated and as the lined body and peculiar curved described on another plate. 62 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 PLATE 28 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 63 1. Murex tenuispina. Lam. Venus 6. Murex ternispina. Lam. Chinese Comb. Philippines to Japan. It is not a Murex. China coast. One of the many rare shell these days, but not always easy smaller forms of spiney Murex that to procure with all spines perfect. One range 3 to 4". The little prongs being of the daintiest of all Murices and much short and sharp. Fairly common with admired. Whitish 4 to 5". 2.00 bands of brown in fresh specimens. 1.25 2. Murex plicatus. Sow. Plicate Murex. Gulf of California. A handsome stubby 7. Murex martinianus, Rve. Martins species 2 l/2" to 3", fairly common, and Murex. Japan. Quite similar to the pre- while fully ridged it is smooth to the ceding species with short sharp spines touch. There .are a number of similar and usually about the same size. A draw forms. 1.00 of all the forms of Spiney Murex make an elaborate display. 3" 1.25 3. Murex brandaris, L. Branded Mu- rex. Naples. A very common species from a territory that has been inhabited 8. Murex clavus, Kien. Spike Murex. for more than two thousand years by Philippines. A very rare shell that has people who loved shells and who, in brought as much as $40 in recent years many cases, diefied them on their coins for a 4" specimen. It is white, slender, and pottery. 2 to 3" 75c three-sided with flaring aperture. I have had them from West coast of 4. Murex nigrospinosus, Rve. Black- Luzon. Very rare. tipped Murex. Japan. Of a corneous color, usually attains 3 to 4" and the many sharp curved spines are tipped 9. Murex triqueter. Born. Philippines. with dark color. This is the main dis- Differs from most all other forms of the tinguishing feature except its spiney genus, as it is covered with smooth ridges. pattern. 1.50 Ranges about 2". There are several smaller forms down to half inch of 5. Murex spinosus, A.Ad. Banded similar structure. 2.00 Spiney Murex. Red Sea. This is one of several spiney forms which are not al- ways very easy to classify. Usually each 10. Murex pinnatus. . Wood. China tropic sea has certain forms more com- coast. A small triangular, 2" pure white mon than elsewhere so that locality is form of remarkable dainty beauty. I often very important. The elongated know of no other species at all like it. spine on upper part of the aperture is a Not at all rare but very few seem to fairly good distinguishing mark. come on the market, so that it is not an 3 to 4" 1.50 easy shell to procure. 2.00 64 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 8 , *> . in PLATE 28 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 65 V 1. Murex ramosus. Lam. White Mu- i 7. Murex regius. Wood. Rose Murex. rex. Red Sea and nearby territory. It Panama. A fine large species with rose must be a very common species as forty colored aperture. It used to be a fairly years ago it was imported into this common commercial shell and today is country in vast quantities and in all sizes one of the most common forms of the from 3" to mammoth 8" specimens. It Panama region also one of the largest. is pure white, although some specimens Usually 3 to 5". It requires plenty of show traces of brown and I have seen hard work to remove all the many forms fresh specimens with reddish apertures. of sea growth that are quite sure to in- 2.50 to 5.00 fest the little spaces between the nobby spines. 1.00 2. Murex trunculus, the Banded Mu- rex is also illustrated and described on v 8. Murex bicolor, Val. Pink Murex. another plate. Panama. This species and the Rose above- mentioned are both found at Panama 3. Murex brassica. Lam. Banded Pink but of late it is not real common Murex. Gulf of California. Fairly com- years there. It has been found more common mon in this territory where fine large at points farther north on Mexican coast. round shells range from 3 to 4" and I The aperture is deep pink color in fresh have seen perfect 8" specimens which specimens and the body whorl has the are very rare. Aperture is pink with usual number of knobs. brown bands on the whorls. Found on spiny 3 to 4" 1.00 the wide mud flats of that region and specially on rocky shores. 2.00 9. Murex salebrosa. King. Mazatlan. to 4. Murex anatomica, illustrated on an- Panama. The Murex are divided into 19 other plate. sections or subgenera and this species comes under Vitularia. By arranging the 5. Murex megacerus. Sow. Found over family into sections as shown in recent much of Oceanica. It is a solid dark monographs you will see a gradual colored shell of about 3" but may come graduation into allied genera. It lives larger. There are other solid shells under rocks and not very common any- similar in same territory. 2.00 where. 2V2" 2.00 V 6. Murex axicornis. Lam. Small Horned Murex. Moluccas. The horns or 10. Halia priamus, Meusch. Cadiz, spines of this little fellow are unusually Spain. A light brownish smooth shell. long for the size of the shell and I con- Slightly mottled, found in very deep sider it one of the daintiest species ob- water. It is quite rare. There seems to tainable. There are so very many choice be no known affinity with other genera forms found in and around the hot Dutch of marine shells. In the usual classifi- East Indies. Of a reddish-brown color, cation it is placed next to Cancellaria. 3". about 2". 2.50 Very rare. 66 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 20 16 PLATE 29 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 67 1. Conus magus. L. Philippines. A chestnut tent-like markings on white rather common species ornamented with background. Somewhat resembles auli- irregular chestnut markings on white. cus but never approaches that species As it is found over a wide territory, about in size. 3.00 ten varieties have been named and some of them are very distinct from the type. 11. Conus nocturnus, Hwass. Moluc- 2 to 2V2" 1.00 cas. The white blotches often tent- shaped on a black background, marks this as a dark shell. It is rather rare 2. Conus magus raphanus, Hwass. and few are ever seen Philippines. This is one of the many on the market. There varieties mentioned above. The color is a very fine variety called deburghae, from Java. Both are pattern is quite different and can be about 2V" and rare. easily separated from other forms. 6.00 2 to 21/2" 1.00 12. Conus aurisiacus, L. Moluccas. A rather rare shell with markings of bands Hwass. Mauri- 3. Conus gubernator, of pink on white, ornamented with chest- fine colored 3 to 4" tius. A light species nut dots and dashes. Only occasionally with chestnut on a light markings creamy offered and always at a high price. 15.00 white background. 1.50 13. Conus aulicus, L. South Seas. One 4. Conus achatinus, Chem. The Agate of the finest and largest of the genus Cone. Philippines. Light russet lines and attaining 5 to 6". It is entirely covered wave markings of chestnut on white. with tent-like markings. 5.00 Some specimens are all grayish-brown 14. Conus L. with light dots. Very variable shell. miles, Philippines. A 2V2" 1.50 very common species with a broad brownish band on a lighter background. Also dark band at base. It has been sold 5. Conus ammiralis, L. Philippines. A in a commercial way for generations. very handsome species usually covered 3" 1.00 with white tent-like markings and two bands. In the old days of the early 19th 15. Conus mercator, L. Senegal. A century it brought fabulous prices, as very distinct small species which is did many other species of this genus. " banded with waves of chestnut 2 to 2V2 6.00 zigzag marks on a light buff ground. It is a rather rare shell and not often offered L. 6. Conus betulinus, Singapore. A for sale. 2" 2.00 fine very heavy species of yellowish color, with well spaced rows of dark 16. Conus monile, Hwass. South Seas. dots. to 5". The smaller Ranges up speci- A very handsome widely distributed mens are the finest colored. 1.00 usually species. It has chestnut dots and splashes on creamy white with often light russet 7. Conus mustellinus, Hwass. Philip- background. 2" 1.00 pines. This species is richly ornamented with small spots and dashes of dark drab 17. Conus spectrum, L. Mauritius. A on light buff background. A fine 3" shell distinct marked small shell. It has a that is quite distinct. 1.00 wide aperture, rather thin edge. Light chestnut markings on white. 2" 1.00 8. Conus arenatus, Hwass. The Dotted 18. Conus Lam. Cone. Ceylon. This species is orna- crocatus. Mauritius. This spe- cies has zigzag markings of dark brown on a mented with hundreds of small dots, lighter russel background with tent-like blotches often arranged in waves. It is a hand- of white. The cut does this rare shell scant jus- tice as I have seen. 2 some small chubby species, common to '/!". Specimens bring $50.00. the Indian and Pacific Oceans. IVz" 50c 19. Conus rubiginosus, Hwass. Mauritius. The white tent-like markings are on a russet back- ground. There are other similar which 9. Conus sieboldi. Rve. Japan. Very species are hard to separate. A very handsome 2Vfc" shell. distinct, rather slender and thin. Has 2.00 only a few russet markings on white. The elevated spire is typical. Rather 20. Conus elisae, Kien. Madagascar. One of scarce but more common of recent years. the fine and rare small tent cones not often seen in cabinets. They inhabit coral reefs and 2" 1.50 good specimens are never seen on shore lines. It is a gem shell if you are successful in securing one. There is a species called Dalli found in wa- 10. auratus. deep Conus Lam. Ceylon. A ter off Mexican coast to Panama which much noble shell ranging from 3" up with resembles this form and quite as beautiful. 2". 68 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 11 12 PLATE 30 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 69 1. Conus textile, L. Tent Cone, Philip- 7. Conus zonatus, Hwass. Andaman pines. A handsome shell entirely covered Ids. A brilliant dark shell ornamented with wavy tent-like lines of dark chest- with black markings on a white back- nut on russet. The most widely dis- ground. It is a rare species which may tributed of the many species of Tent cost you a ten spot or more for a choice cones found through the Pacific and one. 3" 5.00 Indian Oceans. 3 to 4" 1.00 8. Conus tulipa, L. Philippines. A very distinct shell in both form and color. The 2 and 3. Conus amadis, Chem. Ceylon, wide aperture is somewhat similar to Australia, etc. The chestnut markings geographus but it is usually thicker and almost cover the background of white. smaller. It is of pink color on white A fairly common species well distributed background with fine lines and dashes. over a wide territory and various color 3" 1.00 forms will be found, likely due to differ- ent ecological conditions. 3" 1.50 9. Conus lithoglyphus, Meusch. Cey- lon. The pure white markings on a reddish-russet background, makes this a 4. Conus aurantius, Hwass. Philip- very striking species. Always attracts at- pines. This is one of the grand Conus tention by its bright colors. 2" 1.00 and a good series of color forms is very rare. Specimens seen in many collections 10. Conus lineolatus, Val. give a very faint idea of the great variety princeps Panama. There is a better illustration of color. It has very irregular markings on Plate 9. Various collectors have sent of deep russet. My Philippine collectors have never sent this shell to me. 3" 2.50 me choice specimens from Guayamas, West Mexico, where it is fairly common. 1.00 5. Conus geographus, L. Ceylon to 11. Conus telatus, Rve. Mauritius. A Philippines. A large 4 to 5" species with handsome shell of 2" and somewhat wide aperture. The body of the shell is very thin as compared with other Conus and rare. It has longitudinal zigzag markings on a bluish-black is mottled with reddish-brown. An out- lighter background. White tent-like blotches. The island of standing species that should not be very I has varieties hard to secure. 2.00 Mauritius, believe, more of Conus to its credit than any other place in the ocean world. 5.00 6. Conus thalassiarchus. Gray, Japan. This shell has faint irregular markings 12. Conus abbas, Brug. Ceylon. En- on a white background. It is a rare shell tirely ornamented with light and dark and always has the appearance of being chestnut. The tent-like markings show over cleaned, but it just comes that way. the white background. Very choice and 3" 5.00 rare. 2" 5.00 70 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 13 14 15 PLATE 31 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 71 1. Conus imperialis, L. Imperial Cone. 9. Conus bullatus, L. New Caledonia. Philippines. This species is found over A medium size shell of 2 to 3" with large a wide territory. It has yellowish-chest- aperture which is typical of the species. nut markings with black dashes on a It has reddish-russet markings on white white ground color. It is fairly common background. Usual high natural polish, and one of the finest species. 2V2" 2.00 not seen in many other species of this genus. 6.00 2. Conus striatus, L. Striated Cone. 10. Conus glacus, L. Moluccas. A very It has russet Philippines. light lines, fine and distinct shell to which the cut prominent splashes of color on a creamy- hardly does justice. It has russet mark- white background. A series of shells will ings on a light brown background and run from to dark color. light very cannot be confused with any other 3 to 4" 1.00 species. Dark blotches on apex. 2V2" 2.50 3. Conus floccatus. King. Itull Id. A 11. Conus sulcatus, Hwass. China. very rare shell that is light purplish with A longitudinal lines and revolving bands white shell completely covered with bold of chestnut. Only occasionally seen in circular ridges. Differs from all other cabinets. 2Vz" 15.00 species. 2V2" 2.00 12. Conus papilionaceus, Hwass. Gam- 4. Conus siamensis, Brug. Siam. A bia. A fine strong robust shell with rus- fine large solid shell. It has light russet set markings in regular pattern on a markings in great profusion which al- white background. A really beautiful most completely obscure the white back- shell. 3" 5.00 ground. 2 to 4" 3.00 13. Conus minimus, L. Mediterranean Sea. There are many Conus of about 5. Conus augur, Hwass. Moluccas. This this size and they seem to breed in great very distinct species is ornamented with confusion. A dark mottled shell with ir- fine russet dots which merge into two regular splashes of color. 1" or a trifle very distinct bands, like the milky way. larger. 50c 2" 2.00 14. Conus pontificalis. Lam. Australia. A small 1" species of a drab color with 6. Conus vexillum, Gmel. Java to fine lines and a very distinct apical Philippines. A fine large species 3V2 to structure not seen in other species. 1.00 4". The even yellowish color only shows a few of white with a patches regular 15. Conus hebraeus vermiculatus. Lam. of and white on design yellow apex. New Caledonia. This little fellow I call 1.00 a variety of Hebraeus, as the pattern and size is the same except that the lines are thinner and more of them. Dark 7. Conus suratensis. Brug. China. This many lines on white l"50c is a fine dotted shell 3" or more. It has background. chestnut markings on a yellowish-white 16. Conus hebraeus, L. A background. The pattern of coloring is Philippines. neat little similar to very distinct and beautiful. 2.50 species preceding with wider and heavier lines. 1W' 50c 8. Conus imperialis fuscatus. Born. 17. Conus tessellatus, Hwass. Ceylon. Zanzibar. A splendid variety of the Im- A brilliant shell adorned with light perial Cone. It has light russet markings reddish markings on creamy-white back- on a grayish-white background. 2.00 ground. IVfc to 2V2" 1.50 72 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 11 PLATE 32 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 73 1. Voluta magnifica, Chem. Australia. yellowish-white. The apex is dark and One of the large shells of this genus knobby. The embryonic shells of this ranging 5 to 6". It has dark chestnut genus are always of great interest to wavy markings over a creamy back- serious collectors. 5" 7.50 ground. Edge of outer whorl is thin. Markings arranged in four distinct bands. 7. Voluta angulata. Swain. 10.00 Patagonia. Fairly common in shallow water in this very cold region. It is almost devoid of 2. Voluta mamilla. Gray. Tasmania. color, simply faint traces of russet. Those The largest shell of the genus averaging I received from Uruguay were covered about 9" with wide open aperture like with a thin coating of nacre as if they the Melo shells. Has a very large apical had been dipped in shellac. 5" 3.00 knob or embryonic shell. Chestnut mark- ings on light buff. Shell rather thin for 8. Voluta Barnes. its size. One of my collectors dredges harpa, Acapulco, Mexico. them in 5 to 20 fathoms, says most of the A small dark form, one of the shells brought up are dead and have been smallest of the genus seldom over IVz" . inhabited by hermit crabs. A live shell It has longitudinal ridges with three dis- tinct bands of color. 1.00 is rare and costly. 25.00 brownish 9. Voluta 3. Voluta imperialis. Lam. Philippines. vespertilio, L. Bat Volute. East Although found over a wide range, good Indies generally. This species varies specimens do not seem to be very com- from brown to reddish with various of mon. It is a large shell of distinct form patterns mottled design. The shells and well marked with brownish tent- may be entirely smooth or adorned with like splashes. 6 to 8" but 2 to 3" speci- sharp spines, small knobs and all the mens are very attractive. 5.00 to 10.00 variations between. Several distinct forms have been given varietal names. Most specimens run 2 to 3" but speci- 4. Voluta pacifica. Sow. Philippines. mens have been found up to 5". The distributed of A widely species which most common species of the genus, which there are varieties. In the naturally good is composed largely of rare shells. 50c Australian region they have dredged similar forms which have new names. 10. The shell is well marked with brownish Voluta musica. Lam. Trinidad and other splashes. 4 to 5" 2.50 points on the East Americas. The Music Volute is a great favorite with collectors in that the pattern of coloring 5. Voluta fusiformis. Swain. Australia much resembles the bars of written and Tasmania. A very fine 6 to 7" music. There is a wide variation of this species, adorned with wavy, chestnut pattern from different localities. Usually markings on a pale background. It is a l l/2", but specimens have been found to smooth shell as are most of the species 3". About six color varieties have been of this genus, very few being found with named. 2.50 incrustations like most other marine shells. 5.00 11. Voluta piperita. Sow. New Georgia, Solomon Islands. A very handsome 3" 6. Voluta fulgetrum. Swain. Australia shell adorned with reddish markings and Tasmania. A noble species showing forming bands. Seems to be closely dark, wavy, chestnut markings on light allied to the species called ruckeri. 3.00 74 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 11 PLATE 33 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 75 1. Voluta festiva. Lam. S. E. Africa, 7. Voluta papillosa. Swain. South Aus- Natal Coast. One of the rarest of the tralia, deep water. A fine robust shell, genus. It is a rosy-white clouded with usually lightly mottled with chestnut. orange-red. I have never been able to Only occasionally seen in collections. I like secure a specimen of this shell, but there suspect it lives in rather deep water are many other Voluta few collectors a number of forms of this genus. 5" 7.50 have ever seen. Rare. 8. Voluta bullata. Swain. South Africa. rather small shell and of curious form 2. Voluta ancilla. Sow. Patagonia. A A for this It has a wide rather thin shell, devoid of color as is genus. aperture shows faint of brown usual with shells living in such cold and only markings Live collected water. Most specimens that come to me on a buff background. shells are rather scarce in collections. show the effect of the turbulent seas, 2V2" 5.00 even to grinding the shell so thin, holes are found in perfectly fresh live speci- mens. 6" 3.00 9. Voluta cymbiola, Chem. Moluccas. It is a very rare shell and only occasion- ally seen. About 2 1/2". Diffused blotches 3. Voluta braziliana. Sol. Brazil south- on a whitish background. Voluta sophiae. ward. Specimens sent me recently from Gray from West Australia is somewhat Uruguay were covered with a reddish similar and equally rare. periostracum. All have wide apertures shell. I also and are not a very attractive 10. Voluta ruckeri, Crosse. New sent me the laid this had egg-sacs by Georgia, Solomon Islands. A richly resemble of mollusc. They gopher eggs colored shell with its reddish markings about 2" trans- Florida diameter, soft, which always attracts attention. It has those that were lucent, and developed deep blotches on a creamy-white back- showed about a dozen in the embryos ground. My collector in these islands one sac. Preserved in formaldehyde they writes me the natives only occasionally curio for the shell are a very interesting find a nice specimen. 3 to 4" 4.00 den. 3 to 4" 3.00 11. Voluta elliotti. Sow. Northwest 4. Voluta prevostiana, Crosse. Japan. Australia. A beautiful shell with chest- A slender form, thin and attains 7 or 8". nut, wavy lines on a creamy background. Large specimens show only faint traces It has a fine smooth polished surface of color, usually reddish-brown. The and doubtless comes from deep water. Japs are great shell collectors but they There is another species similarly marked do not find many of this shell. 5.00 called Turner!, Gray from the Australian region, but it is very much rarer than this shell. 2Vz to 3" 5.00 5. Voluta vexillum, Chem. Ceylon. A very striking shell with its regular bands and reddish markings on a white back- 12. Voluta gatliffi. Sow. Port Keats, ground. About 2V2", is one of the finest No. Australia, named for a prominent of the region and not all are rare. 3.00 collector in that continent. A very fine and rare shell of which I have not seen over six specimens in fifty years. Few 6. Voluta undulata. Lam. So. Aus- collectors have ever been able to procure tralia. A fairly common shell much ad- one and yet is liable to turn up on the mired for its zigzag markings of wavy market at any time. It has chestnut lines. My collector finds them burrow- markings arranged in oblong squares on ing in sand in shallow water. Usually 3". a creamy or buff background. Smooth 2.50 3V2". Rare. 76 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 34 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 77 1. Voluta undulata angasi. Sow. Port 8. Voluta caroli. Ire. Queensland, Aus- Lincoln, Australia. This species is similar tralia. A shining, fulvous shell, with to type but is adorned with a reddish transverse bands of chestnut. Rare 2". background. In other respects it is about 6.00 the same. 3" 2.50 9. Voluta zebra. Lam. Zebra Volute. East Coast. A small 2" form well 2. Voluta maculata. Swain. Queens- marked with regular chestnut stripes land, Australia. This is a rich smooth on a creamy background. There is a shell mottled with light chestnut, which variety quite similar called lineata. is more dense in two distinct bands in Leach. From Tasmania. 2.00 the middle of the last whorl. It has a very brilliant natural to polish. IVz ZVz" 6.00 10. Melo diadema. Lam. Indian Ocean. One of the largest of the 22 species in the genus. The natives call it a Bailer 3. Voluta mitraeformis. Lam. South Shell, as they always carry one in their boats to bail the Australia. A small but pretty shell of out water. Natives have a to for light and dark brownish markings, with usually big one carry water domestic use. I ridges the length of the shell. It comes have seen specimens from deep water and not very common. that would hold a full pail of water. The 2" 2.50 Melos are ovoviviparous. Yellowish color with chestnut stripes. 6 to 10" 3.00 to 10.00 4. Voluta delessertiana. Petit. Mada- gascar, north coast. A small 2" shell 11. Melo aethiopicum, L. Australia. with deep reddish ridges and faint white Another Bailer of a yellowish color with markings and lines. It belongs to the very large aperture. This species is section Lyria all the species of which are usually 6 to 8" but may grow larger. similar in form. 2.50 3.00 to 10.00 12. Melo regia, Schubert. Indian 5. Voluta lyraeformis, Brod. East Af- Ocean. One of the rarest of the Melo's rica. A small 2" slender shell with fine and not often seen in collections. About ridges and bands of white and brown. 4". Another species quite as pretty and Rather rare and not often seen. 2.50 of about same size is broderipi. Gray. Rare. 6. Voluta scapha, Gmel. Singapore on 13. Melo indicum, Gmel. Singapore. reefs. One of the most common shells In this species the apex of the shell is of the genus to be shipped into this simply a crown showing the gradual di- country commercially. It was always vergence of the genus to the section seen in curio stores and now is seen which for generations has been called generally in real old homes. It has a Cymbium. There are splashes of brown natural polish, adorned with various color on a yellowish background but patterns of brown markings and ranged specimens are often unmarked. from 2" to 5". 1.00 6 to 10" 3.00 to 10.00 14. Melongena paradisiaca. Mart. Red 7. Voluta hebraea, L. Brazil to West Sea. A small 2" shell, smooth and some- Africa. A very fine and variable shell, what colored with yellowish shades. somewhat allied to musica. The brown- Very faintly resembles the Florida form ish patterns are very attractive. As it that is occasionally found free from the is not rare where found, one should have spines on the crown. There are about 33 several specimens with as different species of Melongena in the world and pattern as possible. 5.00 they vary greatly in form. 50c 78 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 35 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 79 1. Cypraea tigris, L. The Tiger Cowry. a brilliant design on back, the cut All over the Pacific. A large fine shell showing white patches where the two which varies greatly in spotted pattern edges of the mantle of the mollusk meet. and also in color. There are forms with This type shell always has white base. a yellow, whitish and reddish back- The above two varieties are rather scarce ground but usually rare. You will also also a variety that is richly adorned with see in old collections specimens with red. 2V2" 2.00 Lords Prayer on back or Souvenir of some place. You will find specimens in almost every store in the world where 7. Cypraea leucostoma. Gray. Persian shells are sold. Like all other Cypraea Gulf. Of a grayish color with faint some forms have no spots and these are chestnut markings. The pattern of the usually immature. 3 to 3V2" 50c top differs from all other shells I have seen. A fairly rare shell which brings a good price. Rare. 2. Cypraea arabica reticulata. Mart. The Reticulated Cowry. Fairly common in Hawaii and Pacific generally. The 8. Cypraea caurica. Pacific. Back is white markings of the back are typical, light brown, edge mottled, teeth ridged. the flaring base with black spots and Very common. IVz" 25c dark splash of color in middle of base. There is a variety histrio that is some- 9. Cypraea mauritiana, L. Mourning what similar but the base is more narrow Cowry. Mauritius and elsewhere. Of a and pure white with no blotch. The spots rich dark color, there is much variety of on top are more distinct. 2 to 2V2" 1.00 pattern, some specimens being almost black. The immature shell is likely to be rich brown with no 3. Cypraea umbilicata. Sow. South pattern whatever, Australia and Tasmania. Usually the teeth will also be immature and only 2 4" dredged in 10 fathoms or more. A fine show slightly. to 1.00 large shell of yellowish pattern, with a slight hollow in umbilical region. Has 10. Cypraea talpa, L. Mole Cowry. always been considered rather rare. Philippines and elsewhere in both Pa- 3 to 3V2" 5.00 cific and Indian Oceans. A brilliant shell when first collected as are most all of this genus and they fade if constantly 4. Cypraea testudinaria, L. Madagas- exposed to light. Of a rich varying shade car, East Africa and other parts of Pa- of brown with distinct bands. 2 to 3" 1.00 cific. I have had numerous specimens from Japan area. Of a peculiar dark pattern, covered with minute white 11. Cypraea Isabella, L. Pacific generally. Of dots that look like dust. For this reason a grayish color with reddish tips. There is a va- riety controversa from New Caledonia and a va- shell is the never as brilliant as other riety Limpida, Melv. from Hawaii. Also a variety forms. No other Cypraea has a similar Mexicana, Stearns, from West Mexico. There is appearance. 3 to 5" 2.00 little difference in the three mainly shades of color, doubtless due to different temperatures of water and feeding conditions. 1 to 2". 5. Cypraea arabica, L. Arabian Cowry. Pacific. Base and sides are often bril- 12. Cypraea pantherina, Sol. The Panther Indian Red and liantly spotted and back is lined with Cowry. Ocean, Sea elsewhere. A on very brilliant spotted shell of which the cut only brown bluish background. Very com- gives a faint idea. There is a variety albonitens, mon. 2" 50c Melv. from Persian Gulf that is of a reddish color, a variety obtusa, Perry, from Mauritius that is somewhat similar, a variety therica which 6. Cypraea mappa, L. Map Cowry. is illustrated on another plate and variety Melv. Red Sea that is almost all white. Philippines and all over the Pa- Syringa, likely A large series of this shell from many localities cific. It is a fairly common shell with is always desirable. 2 to 2 1/i". 80 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 i- v 1 1 15 PLATE 36 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 81 1. Cypraea scotti, Brod. West Aus- 9. Cypraea ocellata, L. Ocellated tralia. A finely spotted glistening shell Cowry. Ceylon. Its yellowish surface is of the form of cut. It is quite rare and completely covered with white and readily brings $10.00 and up. brown spots. Base spotted. 1" 50c 2. Cypraea vitellus, L. Calf Cowry. 10. Cypraea tessellata. Swain. Hawaii. Pacific generally. It is of a light shade of A deep water shell quite scarce. The brown with white spots. four splashes of dark color always 1 to 2" 25 to 50c identify it. P/4" 2.00 to 5.00 3. Cypraea argus, L. Eyed Cowry. 11. Born. Pacific and Indian Oceans. The eyes are Cypraea cylindrica. Philip- The base is flesh is in but sometimes pines. color, top arranged many patterns mottled with with few diffused. Not common. 3" 2.00 bluish-gray blotches of darker color. 1V4" 1.00 4. Cypraea onyx, L. Onyx Cowry. Pacific generally. A brilliant blackish- 12. Cypraea caput-serpentis, L. Snake- brown shell bordered with white and head Cowry. Pacific generally. The shell two indistinct bands. IVz" 1.50 is of a light brown color and back has numerous white blotches. 1W 25c 5. Cypraea stolida, L. Ceylon. A hand- some bluish-gray species with brilliant 13. Cypraea cruentata, Gmel. Indian darker markings. There are fine va- Ocean. The upper surface is of a light rieties. 1V4" 1.00 shade of yellow and brown. The sides of the base have pink spots. 1W 50c 6. Cypraea scurra, L. Mouse Cowry. Pacific The back is mottled generally. 14. Cypraea undata, L. Indian Ocean. on a brownish with white spots light The two rows of markings across with dark zigzag background, base covered the back are sure identification. At- 2" 1.00 spots. tractive. l a/4" 75c 7. Cypraea moneta, L. Money Cowry. subviridis, Rve. Australia. Pacific A shell of 15. Cypraea generally. yellowish with of the form of cut but there are several va- The shell is bluish-white, speckle and darker color on back. Base is rieties of different common brown shape. Very IV*" 1.00 everywhere. 1" 25c rounded, fleshy. L. Indian Ocean. 8. Cypraea lynx, L. Lynx Cowry. 16. Cypraea cribraria, Pacific generally. Base white, balance of Base white, sides and top yellow, covered 1" 1.00 shell richly spotted. 1*4 to 2" 25c with small round white spots. 82 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 15 PLATE 37 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 83 1. Strombus laciniatus, Chem. Philip- 10. Strombus minimus, L. Viti Islands. pines. A very strange formed shell as A very variable and handsome small the aperture which is richly colored with shell which extends over a wide terri- reddish-purple, extends to the top of the tory. You will find many types quite islands. All spire. A strong solid species which is similar around the Pacific rare and choice. 3Vfe to 4" 5.00 of the small Strombus make fine cabinet specimens, and look best in series of 2. Strombus latissimus, L. Philippines 4 to 6 specimens of a kind. IVz" 50c and Pacific generally. A real solid and shell and which attains 7". The heavy 11. Strombus fasciata. Born. Indian extends outward and inward, aperture Ocean. Has a row of nodules at top of and a full inch above the spire. Has body whorl which is ornamented with chestnut stripes on body whorl. I have five heavy black lines. Aperture is also had sent me from Fiji specimens brilliant IVz" 50c and other Oceanica islands. Rather rare. usually orange. 6.00 12. Strombus Campbell!, Gray. Port 3. Strombus galeatus. Sow. West Mex- Darwin, Australia. A fine small 2" spe- ico. This is the Big Conch of the Mexico- cies which is quite distinct in color Pacific region and takes the place of the pattern, being ornamented with chestnut Big Conch of the Bahamas. Has heavy markings. There are over a hundred periostracum which when removed species of Strombus in the world which shows a plain white shell on back and range from the giant S. goliath from just a shade of russet in the aperture. Pernambuco, Brazil which is very rare, Lives just below the tides and pushes to the small one inch forms. This chap around in the mud everywhere. Fairly is about IVfe". 50c common in some localities. 8" 2.00 4. Strombus thersites. Gray. Australia. 13. Strombus auris-dianae, L. Philip- It has tall spire, back ornamented with pines. The lip rolls over showing up reddish blotches. Is 5" with the thick the rich reddish aperture to fine ad- The shell is smooth and lip. Very distinct from all other species vantage. quite and a rather rare shell. 5.00 glossy but there are varieties which are not so. Much more attractive than the 5 & 6. Strombus variabilis. Swain. cut would indicate. 2Vfc" 50c Australia. It is well named as it is very variable. You can hardly find specimens 14. Strombus Pan- from two localities that are exactly alike. granulatus. Gray. ama. A common form from Lower Cali- I illustrate two types and there are many more. 1V" 50c fornia southward. If you love to collect shells, secure a good boat and helpers 7. Ranella pulchra. Gray. Winged Ra- and cruise over a thousand miles of this neUa. China Seas. Of a slight buff color, shore making frequent stops and you the wings are exactly opposite sides of will be surprised at the collections it is the shell. It is very distinct from other possible to make. A friend of mine has species and is not rare. 2" 1.00 been doing this for years, keeping careful notes on every species and the pamphlets 8. Strombus canarium, L. New Cale- he has published are very fascinating. donia. A fat chunked species with thick Go thou and do likewise if you need a white lip and faint markings. A few real rest. 50c similar types are found all over the Pacific. Vz to 2" and fairly common. 50c 15. Strombus floridus. Lam. Philip- pines. I never knew why this name was 9. Strombus succinctus, L. Philippines. applied to a shell not found in Florida. The back of the shell is covered with It is a small species which must be very yellow coating, ornamented with chevron common over a wide territory as it is white markings. Lip is sharp and aper- sent to this country in quantity and used ture very distinct from other species. in manufacturing novelties. Very vari- 1/2" 50c able in color. 1" 25c 84 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA ' i ',' :;-- r -4 k ; ., PLATE 38 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 85 1. Cymbium proboscidale. Lam. West 10" or more in size and you often see Africa. Most of this section of the Melo them in very old homes, brought here family are from this region. This species in the 18th and 19th centuries in sailing is usually 6 to 8" but in the American ships as part of their ballast. 5.00 Museum in New York there is a specimen easily 14". I suspect the largest known. 7. Cassis tenuis. Say. Galapagos Is- All are of a horn color. 4.00 lands. A thin 3 l/2" shell very similar in markings to the Cameo Shell. The 2. Cymbium porcinum. Lam. West Af- reflexed lip is strongly marked with rica. Most specimens seen in collections splashes of black, arranged in pairs. are 3 to 4" but it really attains a much It lives on mud flats and deep water, larger size. It has the peculiar concave fairly rare. 2.50 apex and is of a grayish color. 2.00 8. Cassis coarctata. Gray. West Mex- 3. Cassis pyrum. Lam. Mauritius. A ico. At first sight it resembles the com- small round species of 2" with smooth mon Cameo Shell but it is more elongated surface inclined to reddish-brown color. and thinner. The color pattern is sim- Closely allied to Achatina which comes ilar. I suspect it could not be used for from the Cape Verde Islands. 75c carving Cameos as is the Indian Ocean form. 4" 2.00 4. Cassis vibex, L. Mediterranean Sea but it has a very wide range. There is 9. Cassis rufa, L. Zanzibar and East a good named, variety from the Philip- Africa. The Bullmouth or Cameo Shell pines and shells of a similar form and has been an article of commerce for a color are found in all oceans. It is elon- long time. Immense quantities are col- gated, smooth 2 to 3", not very heavy, lected, shipped to points in Italy where but has a brilliant polish and striking they are carved in exquisite designs. coloring. The lip is ornamented with Most of the carvings are exact copies of regular black stripes. The variety is famous paintings in their local mu- similarly marked but more stubby and seums. The large 6" shells are often smaller. 50c completely carved, an electric light in- serted and used for mantle lamps when they command a fairly high price. The 5. Cassis Gmel. strigata, Philippines. shell is of reddish color and matures Cassis attains 3 to 4". The The Striped from 3 to 6" 1.00 to 5.00 dark parallel stripes are more prominent on some shells than others but always 10. L. well defined. It is a strong robust species. Cassis glauca, Philippines. Of 1.00 a grayish color with strong reflexed lip and small points near the base of the aperture. Usually 3 to 4", smooth, it 6. Cassis cornuta, L. Mauritius. The makes a fine cabinet specimen. 1.00 Yellow Helmet is one of the Three largest Cassis of the world, the two others being West India shells. For gen- 11. Cassis turgida, Rve. Mindanao, erations this shell was shipped into our P. I. The zigzag markings of this 2Vz" country and sold commercially in shell shell usually differentiates it from most stores but of recent years few have been other species. It is closely allied to sent. It is a big attractive yellow shell vibex, also shown on this plate. 1.00 86 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 11 15 PLATE 39 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 87 1. Cassis semigranosa. Wood. Victoria, nut markings, the surface completely Australia. More elongated than most of covered with small and large points. the many species of this genus and com- Typical of about 85 species of the genus pletely covered with fine reticulations found all over the world. They are that add to its attractiveness. 2" 75c scattered here and there over all oceans. 3" 75c 2. Cassis canaliculata, Brug. Philip- pines. Shells of this type with regular 9. Ranella spinosa, Lam. China Seas. blotches and usually 2 to 3" seem to be Ranges from 2 to 3" ornamented with found in all oceans and usually fairly spines and nodules of various length. common. One could easily form an It is the only species so ornamented entire draw of them. This species has and not very common anywhere. 2.00 more elongated spire than some of the others. 50c 10. Ranella crumena. Lam. Ceylon. The aperture of this shell is the dis- 3. Cassis saburon. Ads. Mediterranean tinguishing feature, as it is usually Sea. A round neat shell covered with orange color and well developed. The faint blotches in regular patterns. Fairly body is covered with chestnut blotches. common in the whole region. 2" 50c Lives under rocks at low tide and is a rather attractive species. IVz to 3" 2.00 4. Latiaxis mawae. Gray. China Sea. Pure white 1 by IVfe". It has a flat apex, 11. Strombus lentiginosa, L. Silver Lip. last whorl partly disconnected. Umbili- Philippines and Pacific generally. The cal region open to end of whorl. Last shell is mostly white and covered with whorl has curved frills. The other species small knobs. Surface always irregular. from this region have elevated spires, It has been sold in a commercial way pure white and real little Pagoda-like for generations. 3" 50c form, often ornamented with curved are a and spines. They fascinating group 12. Ranella bufonia, Gmel. Philippines. as is this 15.00 often quite rare species. A handsome small form of \Vz to 2". Highly ornamented with knobs, and well 5. Cassis bisulcata, Schub. Philippines. marked with reddish-brown band. Aper- A small round l l/2 to 2" shell with gran- ture has a dash of red. A very difficult ular surface and dots of chestnut in shell to clean satisfactorily. 50c regular pattern over the surface. 75c 13. Ranella gyrina. Lam. Australia. 6. Fasciolaria fusiformis, Val. New It has a wide russet band in middle of Holland, Oceanica. A small \Vz" shell each whorl and is a rather bright colored with several ridges and row of small shell that is quite variable. 1 to \Vz" 50c spiny points around middle of whorl. Of a light brownish color. \Vz" 75c 14. Ranella rhodostoma. Sow. Cape Verde Islands. A neat small species that will attract attention 7. Ranella lampas. Lam. Pacific every- in any cabinet, on account of its where. The Frog Shell as it is often called, crumpled, knobby ap- attains 8" and is usually white when well pearance and fairly bright color. It has cleaned. Small shells have a reddish a dark aperture. 1V" 50c aperture. It is the largest species of the has been sold genus and commercially 15. Ranella granifera. Lam. Philip- to 3.00 in shell stores for many years. 50c pines. The rows of small knobs are quite typical of a number of other sim- 8. Ranella albivaricosa, Rve. Philip- ilar shells in form. It is fairly common over a wide pines. A fine white variety with chest- territory. 1V" 50c 88 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA r i ' 1 PLATE 40 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 89 1. Turbo marmoratus, L. China and 6. Turbo saxosus. Wood. Panama. It many other places in Pacific Called is covered with ridges which are cut Green or Pearl Snail. The natural color into tiny segments like ruffles. There is green but this is often ground off is a thick periostracum which if removed down to the pearl which takes a very shows the pearl. Lives under stones brilliant polish. Curio dealers have the between tides. Of a grayish color. prominent ridges ground down to the 1 Vz to 2" 50c pearl when you have a green shell with silver pearl stripes. Has been a commer- cial shell for and still fished generations 7. Turbo imperialis, Gmel. Imperial for its extensively pearl. Turbo, Indian Ocean. A round greenish 3 to 8" 1.00 to 6.00 shell, smooth surface and fine pattern. Very attractive. 4 to 6" 3.00 2. Turbo torquatus, Gmel. New Hol- land, Oceanica. A very distinct species which I have never found common very 8. Turbo cornutus, Gmel. Japan Seas. and seldom see in cabinets. Much the The Spiney Turbo is a large shell with same form as the common sarma- very numerous horns. The aperture as usual ticus but has the row of on of ridges top has a heavy operculum. Color is green. the umbilicus and light body whorl, open If polished it is a brilliant pearl but is aperture. 2 to 3" 1.50 not as thick a shell as marmoratus and is seldom fished for commercial pur- poses. 4 to 5" 2.00 3. This is a typical shelly operculum which is found in all Turbos but in some species like petholatus, this operculum has a brilliant green polish. These 9. Turbo ticaonicus, Rve. Philippines. operculums on the big Turbos will be A handsome shell and very variable. 3 to 4" and 1" thick. Sailors call them Usual color is green, the whorls being Cats eyes. lined with minute pebbly surface. Many specimens are spotted with white. 2" 50c 4. Turbo petholatus, L. Philippines and Pacific generally. This shell has a very high natural polish. It is very 10. Turbo natalensis, Rve. South Af- richly ornamented with different shades rica. The surface is covered with mottled of black, green and brown. Some shells ridges and rich russet color, which makes will be all one shade. I had a very dis- it a rather attractive small shell. 1 Vz" 50c tinct variety all gray patterns from Sula Sea and I suspect from many other island groups different patterns could 11. Turbo lamellosus, Brod. Australia. be obtained. Those sent from the me A very depressed shell completely cov- British Solomons were distinct and quite ered with wrinkles. Very little color. A rich in color. Has very bright green shell which is very rarely sent me by 2 to 3" 1.00 operculum. Australian collectors and I suspect is not very common. 2" 1.50 5. Turbo argyrostoma, L. Pacific Generally. The Silvermouth is named for the brilliant silver aperture. The 12. Turbo stramineus. Mart. South back is ridged and varies from gray to Australia. One of the odd forms of the greenish, with stripes of brown and genus. Rather flat with ridges and peb- white. When polished it is all pearl. bled surface and light aperture. Quite 2V2" 50c distinct shell. 2 to 3" 1.50 90 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 41 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 91 1. Turbo chrysostoma, L. Goldmouth. 9. Astraea sulcatum. Mart. New Zea- Philippines. The aperture is a rich golden land. A strong solid shell 2V2 to 3" color which gives it its name. The surface covered with ridges and has strong per- is covered with regular ridges which iostracum. Of a grayish color it is of show greenish color. Ground down to fine iridescent pearl when the perios- the pearl it used to be sold as a pearl tracum is removed. 1.00 " shell. 2 to 2V2 50c 10. Astraea modestum, Rve. Japan 2. Turbo sarmaticus, Gmel. Turks Cap. Seas. A richly colored pink shell with Algoa Bay, Africa. A shell that must two rows of spines on each whorl. It be very common as it used to be sold has a large orange patch on the smooth polished commercially in vast quantities. base at edge of lip. 2 to 2Vz" 1.00 It is of a black color and when polished some of the black was usually left on, to make a striking contrast with the 11. Astraea inermis, Gmel. West In- pearl surface. 3" 50c to 1.00 dies. Last whorl is carinated with only a suggestion of spines. It is close to of 3. Turbo fluctuosus. Wood. Lower other species the region but always distinct. Lives coral rocks. California. The species is well marked among 2" 1.00 with wavy diagonal stripes and lives l among stones between tides. Is 2 /z" . 50c 12. Astraea calcar, L. Philippines. A small shell devoid of color with row of 4. Turbo smaragdus, Gmel. New Zea- spines on the carinated edge of last land. It is of greenish color with a rich whorl. 1V2" 50c deep green shelly operculum. Aperture is pearl as usual. 2 to 3" 50c 13. Astraea triumphans, Phil. Japan Seas. It is quite unusual to see a reddish 5. Turbo lugubris, Rve. New Holland. shell with a row of sharp spines as long A finely mottled greenish shell of pe- as these on the carination of the last culiar shape. Smooth surface. 2" 50c whorl. It has a dainty operculum that fits the curious aperture. Not rare. 2 2" 1.00 6. Turbo intercostalis, Mke. Hawaii. It is a finely marked shell of about 2". Ridged surface and brownish color. 14. Astraea buschi, Phil. Gulf of Cal- There are a number of quite similar ifornia. It is of a greenish color when forms in the Pacific. 2 to 3" 75c periostracum is removed. Serrated edge on base of last whorl. Has ear shaped of white. IVfc" 50c 7. Turbo setosus, Gmel. Moluccas. A operculum very variable shell always covered with ridges and small nodules but a wide 15. Astraea fimbriatum. Lam. Victoria, variety of color patterns. Varies from Australia. Very much resembles some black diagonal stripes to yellow back- of the forms from the West Indies. Is ground with brown stripes and some of a light color with pearl " greenish specimens entirely brown. 2 75c beneath. 2" 50c 8. Turbo radiatus, Gmel. New Cale- 16. Astraea stellare, Gmel. New Cale- donia. A richly colored shell with small donia. A very unique shell with spines tubercles and adorned with broad lon- on edge of whorls and a rich yellow gitudinal stripes of reddish-brown. The aperture. Quite distinct from other aperture is golden pearl. 1V to 2" 75c species. IVfe" 75c 92 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 93 1. Pterocera lambis. L. Spider Shell. 6. Pterocera aurantia. Lam. Philip- Pacific generally. One of the most com- pines. The yellow Scorpion is a slender mon shells of the genus and has been shell, more so than any of the other forms sold commercially for many years. of the genus. Unique in having real Somewhat variable in shape but the hooked fingers. The aperture is a bril- general pattern is the same. Usually liant yellow, fairly common. 1.00 marked with blotches of dark color on back. Aperture white. 5 to 6" 50c to 1.00 7. Pterocera millepeda, L. Philippines. I had a large number of these shells sent me from Sulu Sea, P. L, and while 2. Pterocera rugosa. Lam. Scorpion the fingers were stubby as shown in Shell. East Indies. It is a very common cut they were usually slightly curved shell and usually of cut. Has shape upwards. The back is lined with brown been and is sold The six commercially. and aperture same. There are usually hooks in the form indicated usually 10 or more spikes. 3V2" 1.25 identify the shell, but there is another shell very similar with reddish aper- ture that attains twice the size of this 8. Strombus luhuanus, L. Japan Sea shell. 5 to 6" 1.00 and Pacific generally. A very pretty 2" shell with a brilliant red aperture bor- dered with black on the body opposite 3. Pterocera violacea. Swain. Philip- the lip. Quite common. 2" 25c pines. This is a lovely white shell with rich violet and must be fairly aperture 9. Strombus gracilior. Sow. West Mex- rare as none of P. I. collectors my ico. Of similar shape and habits to the have ever sent me a The nu- specimen. very common pugilis of Florida waters. merous fingers along the edge differ from This shell is almost invariably a light all other known forms. 3Vfe". Rare. yellow with fuzzy periostracum. 2 to 3" 50c 4. Pterocera elongata. Swain. Mauri- 10. tius. The stubby spines, flat lip and Turbo tesselatus, Kien. Lower Cal- rich aperture with two spikes at top, ifornia. The shell is of a grayish-brown will always easily identify this shell color with dots and waves of darker wherever found. I suspect it is fairly color over entire surface. The base of common but never seen on our market the shell has a greenish cast. Fairly as yet in any quantity. 3V2" 2.00 common. 2 to 3" 75c 11. Turbo undulatus, Chem. Tasma- 5. Pterocera scorpio, L. Philippines. A nia. The entire surface is covered with highly colored Scorpion Shell which is zigzag markings over a fine green color, sold commercially but not always on it seems to be a hard shell to clean so as the market. The aperture is a rich violet to show all of its very attractive features. color and the 6 or 7 arms make it a very This is true of many of the shells of this attractive shell. 4" 1.50 great genus. 2 to 3" 1.00 94 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 10 PLATE 43 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 95 1. Cymatium cutaceum. L. Mediter- 7. Cymatium exilis. Rve. Philippines. ranean Sea. It is of a horn color It has been found living in sandy mud throughout with prominent nodules in at 10 fathoms. Of a brownish-white l middle of each whorl. Aperture is pure color. Not very common. 2 /2" 2.00 white with five or six nodules on edge. I have had similar specimens from 8. Cymatium scabrum. King. Chili. Australian region. 3" 75c The shell is covered with a deep brown hairy periostracum. When this is re- moved the whorls are seen to be covered 2. Cymatium doliarum, L. Cape of with reticulations which run both ways. Good Hope. Of similar color to pre- Aperture white. 2 to 3" 1.50 ceding species but differs some in form and usually of smaller size. I had nu- merous specimens sent me from Natal. 9. Colubraria tortuosus, Rve. Burias 2 to 3" 75c Id., P. I. One of the several fine species V of this genus which belong to the Triton complex. The shells are covered with 3. Cymatium grandimaculatum. Rve. ridges and the upper whorls are often Philippines. A noble solid shell of a distorted. After this genas, in regular russet color and somewhat resembles order come Craspedotriton, Caducifer, the next species. Of a general knobby Maculotriton, from various places in both structure. 4" 2.00 Pacific and Indian Oceans. Many of them are real Baby Tritons as they range down L. Pacific and 4. Cymatium lotorium. to half inch when full grown. 75c Indian Oceans. One of the attractive species of the genus. Of a russet color 10. Cymatium tritonis, L. South Seas. with dark bands on the aperture and This is the real Trumpet Shell of the a general knobby appearance. 4" 2.00 Tropics and is used by millions of na- tives, as a trumpet to call clans together 5. Cymatium spengleri, Chem. Aus- for pleasure or war. They make a hole tralia. Of a light gray color, the aperture in one of the upper whorls and blow it is white and the whorls are covered with the same as a cornet. The shell has a circular ridges and nodules. Very de- natural fine polish and richly ornamented sirable shell. 4" 2.00 with brownish colors. It attains 15" but 5 to 8" specimens are fine for cabinet. 6. Cymatium tigrinus, Brod. West The name Triton for this genus has been Coast of Central America. A large russet- changed by systematic writers to Cym- brown species of angular form, and atium, but I like this old name TRITON peculiar shaped aperture. It lives under which has been used for two centuries rocks and is quite rare, only occasionally and should never be changed to another. seen in collections. 4 to 5" 5.00 5.00 96 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 44 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 97 1. Oliva angulata, Sol. Gulf of California. One 14. Oliva annulata, Gmel. Philippines. The of the thickest and stongest shells of the genus. shell when fresh has an unusually glistening It is angular, mottled with light brown and usu- polish. Has numerous dark spots, and apex is ally has perpendicular darker stripes. Lip bev- salmon. Nearly 2" 25c eled, interior often flesh-colored when fresh. 3" 1.00 15. Oliva evania, Due. Philippines. This shell has all the markings of sanguinolenta, but of a 2. Oliva sericea, Bolt. Philippines. A rather higher shade and seems to be uniform. Base has strong thick light colored shell with faint mark- a lighter shade of reddish. 194" 25c ings. Interior white. Usually lives below the tide line, hence rather scarce. 2%" 75c 16. Oliva elegans, Lam. Philippines. Has dark zigzag markings on a lighter background and 3. and 4. is Oliva erythrostoma. Lam. Philip- some specimens are close to tricolor. Aperture scientists this old pines. Years ago changed flesh color. 194" 25c name to Minacea by Bolten. I never have agreed. It is a most striking shell, brilliantly mottled with brown and white. deep black, Aperture 17. Oliva Marrat. Australia. A bril- 2" 50c 3" 1.00 ornata, orange-yellow. liant light colored shell with various markings of brown. 194" 25c 5. Black Olive. Any oliva may be found either black or yellow which are simply nacre put on 18. Oliva Bolt. has usual I black ones that are caerulea, Philippines.lt over the pattern. get brown. with the orange aperture dots and zigzag markings of yellow and evidently erythrostoma 25c and others have white aperture which must be Aperture purple. 194" " some other shell. 2V2 1.00 19. Oliva pindarina, Due. Gulf of California. is vertical faint and 6. Oliva tremulina, Lam. Philip- The color pattern stripes erythrostoma 25c pines. A finely mottled shell. Some markings dots of brownish. IVz" " being zigzag. 2V2 1.00 20. Oliva spicata melcheri, Mke. Panama. 7. Oliva mauritiana, Mart. Phillippines. You Spire only slightly elevated less so than type. this shell labeled Oliva Bolt, anoth- Body color brownish in spots, and blotches. see oliva, just " er of Boltens nonsensical changes. It is a richly 1V2 25c mottled dark shell with blotches of black. Edge of lip is often flesh colored. 2" 25c 21. Oliva fumosa, Mart. Philippines. The body is covered with zigzag and other shaped mark- 8. Oliva Lam. Philippines. A of a blackish color. 1%" 25c sanguinolenta, _ ings dark species with fine dots of white, basal section rich red, which usually identifies the shell. Al- most 2" Philip. 25c 22. Oliva tigrina, Lam. Philippines. Has the form of bulbosa in being more rounded and is covered with dots. 1%" 25c 9. This cut is simply a rich yellow form of some unknown species. 2.00 23. Oliva mustellina. Lam. Philippines. Apex is almost flat, body completely covered with 1 10. Oliva tricolor, Lam. Philippines. The entire zigzag markings of a shade of brown. l ^" 25c shell is richly adorned with zigzag markings of yellow green and white. 194" 25c 24. Oliva spicata, Bolt. Old name was arenosa, Lam. which I like better. The shell is slightly 11. Oliva circinata, Mart. Philippines. Mottled pyriform, spire elevated and body is completely much like tremulina but the apex is usually com- covered with light brown spots. 194" 25c pletely filled with nacre. 2" 50c 25. Oliva tessellata. Lam. Australia. Always a 12. Oliva venulata, Lam. Gulf of California. small shell with few botches regularly spaced The shell is somewhat angular completely cov- and aperature is a deep lavender ered with brown dots on a lighter background. About 1" 25c 194" 25c 26. Oliva kaleontana, Due. Gulf of California. but the sev- 13. Oliva porphyretica, Mart. Philippines. It Looks like a small form of spicata to about uniform is mottled with tent-like marks but may be a eral hundred specimens seem be 25c variety. Aperture purplish. 194" 25c in size of 1". 98 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA ; '- 9 10 11 PLATE 45 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 99 1. Turritella broderipiana. Sow. Peru. 7. Turritella maculata, Rve. China. A One of the finest of the genus, tall and deeply ridged shell beautifully marked rugged, brown or reddish color, it has with shades of brown. One of the finest been found from Mazatlan southward. of its size. 3" 75c 4 to 5" 1.00 2. Turritella goniostoma, Val. West 8. Turritella attenuata, Rve. Penang. Mexico. An elegant shell of large pro- Finely ornamented with deep circular portions. Rather smooth with faint ridges. One of the forty varieties known traces of ridges. Completely mottled in the world of this genus. 4" 75c with shades of brown. Lives buried beneath the surface of soft ooze of 9. Turritella Lam. Indian often in duplicata. Mangrove Swamps company Ocean. A well with Area tuberculosa. 4 to 5" 1.00 very heavy developed shell, that is of horn color. The ridges are and about 1" thick at base. 3. Turritella bacillum, Kien. Ceylon. beveled, Total 4 to 6" one of the A light brownish shell with about five length ranging of the lines to each whorl. Some specimens largest genus. 1.00 may run larger. 3 to 4" 1.00 10. Turritella vittata, Hutt. New Zea- 4. Turritella terebra. Lam. Philip- land. A species with fine striae across pines. A fine lined shell of horn color the whorls and faint circular ridges. but sometimes reddish. It is showing 2 to 3" 75c well-ribbed, with very fine point. 4 to 5" 1.00 11. Turritella bicingulata. Lam. Cape 5. Turritella cingulata. Sow. Peru. A Verde Islands. Ornamented with fine shell of fine and coated many ridges ridges and dark spots on a lighter back- with a shade of brown. It is of typical ground. 3" 75c others of the genus. 3 l/2" 1.00 6. Turritella columnaris. Kien. Ceylon. 12. Turritella nodulosa. King. Central The whorls are finely mottled with America. The usual ridges are crossed stripes of brown. A very trim looking with stripes and brown mottled mark- shell. 4" 1.00 ings. 3" 50c 100 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 46 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 101 1. Harpa articularis. Lam. Philippines. 8. Terebra triseriata. Gray. Japan The Harps are all unusually beautiful Seas. One of the most slender of all shells which are much admired. This the species of the genus with many species usually has 12 ribs which are whorls. Of light color its main beauty ornamented with dark black markings. is its elegant form. Not often seen in 2 to 3" 1.50 collections. 3W 2.50 2. Harpa conoidalis. Lam. Mauritius. 9. Terebra Desh. This species attains the largest size of pulchella. Philip- It is of a color any of the dozen or so known forms in pines. yellowish-brown and has faint striations. 2Vz" 1.00 the genus. The 10 or 12 ribs are marked with 4 or 5 bands of darker color. Aper- ture white with darker shadings and two dark splashes on the body whorl. 10. Terebra maculata. Lam. Polynesia. But there are many shells which exhibit The Marlinspike, as it has been termed in has been into this very little color and mostly gray. commerce, brought 3 to 5" 3.00 country in quantity, as its is the largest and heaviest of the genus. The whorls are striped with regular brown blotches. (costata). Lam. 3. Harpa imperialis There are 330 species in the genus but about 20 ribs set close Mauritius. Has this one always attracts attention by its is the main distin- together, which huge size of 6 to 8". 50c to 2.00 guishing feature. On the last whorl there are faint chestnut markings on a highly natural surface. has polished Always 11. Terebra cingulifera. Lam. New been rare. Caledonia. A tall slender species with fine corrugations and reddish color. attractive. 4" 75c 4. Terebra crenulata, L. Andaman Ids. Very and Pacific generally. It is of a grayish- yellow color, ornamented with knobs 12. Terebra Sow. Peru. along the top of each whorl, and faint cingulata. There are fine dark brown dots. Fairly common. regular markings 4 to 5" 1.00 on each whorl, and they have a glistening natural polish. Not common. 3" 75c 5. Terebra oculata. Lam. Mauritius. attractive shell of a russet A very light 13. Terebra monilis, Quoy. Philippines. in color adorned with white spots regular A tall slender species with ridges on rows. Rare. 4 to 5" 2.00 each whorl, and faint color which adds to its attractiveness. Usually 3''. 75c 6 & 7. Terebra pretiosa, Rve. Philip- pines. A fine slender elongated species with curved ridges on each whorl. It 14. Terebra strigillata, L. Hawaii. It is quite variable adorned with shades has regular rows of dots in the top of of brown and russet. Both cuts are each whorl. A smooth shiny species, the same species. 4 to 5" 1.50 that is a real gem. 2W 75c 102 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 47 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 103 1. Turbo setonis, Gmel. S.W.Australia. The name of this genus was changed some The shell is completely covered with years ago to Amphiperas but collectors vertical striations, also vertical zigzag like to stick to Ovulum. 3" 1.00 light brown markings. Operculum covered with small nodules. 3" 1.50 7. Xenophora pallidula, Rve. Japan and Philippines. The shell is conical, 2. Tonna (Dolium) caniculata, L. trochiform, whorls flattened carrying smooth Philippines. A round light brown shells, corals, stones arranged and at- shell with faint circular white stripes. tached anywhere on the exterior surface, Apical whorls lighter color. 3" 1.00 which completely disguises the shell. Lower surface is free, of a pale yellowish 3. Thais textilosa. Lam. New Zealand. color. Most of the many forms inhabit The shell has 4V whorls. Over three- deep water and are numerous in the Java fourths of its size is last whorl. Has seven and China seas. Some species are of huge 3 to 4" 2.50 circular ridges. Light horn color. 3" 50c size. 4. Tectarias pagoda, L. Pacific gener- 8. Argonauta hians. Sol. Japan. Each ally. A fine conical shell, the largest of whorl has vertical wrinkles, the top has the genus. Has two rows of pointed two rows of dark nodules and the whole nodules on last whorl and usually one on shell is of a medium dark brown color. upper part. Gray color, usually flesh in- Usual specimens 2 to 3". 3.00 side. 2 to 3" 50c to 1.00 9. Thatcher! mirabilis, Angas. Japan. 5. Pleurotomaria hirasei, Pils. Japan. The shell is angularly pyriform, solid, A fine conical shell, usually white, com- spire prominent, shorter than the aper- pletely shaded with red diagonal stripes ture, whorls flattened above, strongly on each whorl. The notch is 1 to \Vz". keeled at the periphery contracted below. Interior of a white pearly color. Very Aperture with a broad incurved sinus be- rare. Found up to 500 fathoms. 40.00 tween the extremity of the last keel and the junction of the body whorl. Basal 6. Ovulum ovum, L. Pacific generally. canal wide and opened. Columella Often called the Egg Shell as it is of a smooth. Outer lip simple. One of the smooth glistening white, oval, each end most remarkable deep water shells in the of aperture is curved into almost a ring. world and usually rare. 25.00 104 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 48 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 105 1. Haliotis cyclobates, Peron. Queensland. A 17. Olivancillaria auricularia. Lam. Uruguay. really attractive small shell when first taken A short stubby shell of about two whorls and from water. The last whorl consists of most all usually uncolored. Aperture white. I'/i" BOc of the shell, which is adorned with waves of Interior iridescent. white and brown. 18. Olivancillaria Lam. Brazil. 2 to 2%" 1.00 braziliana, The top of the shell is almost flat and lighter colored than rest of shell. Celor gray. 2. Haliotis emmae. Gray. So. Australia. The 1 1A" BOc to 1.00 shell is wrinkled, thin, and the round knobs that adorn the main whorl extend around the shell, 19. Oliva Lam. Peru. The shell is only 6 usually being open. Interior is wrinkled peruviana, elevated. Color and iridescent. 2Vz" 1.00 slightly angular, apex pattern spotted with shades of brown but there are many uncolored forms of dainty shades. Very variable. 3. Haliotis glabra, Chem. Philippines. A 1*4" BOc small richly colored shell showing shades of cream, greenish and other colors on different specimens. Has 6 holes and interior is smooth 20. Oliva ispidula, L. Philippines. An extreme- pearl. About 2" 25c ly variable shell running from white to black and all shades in between. Usually 1 to 1%". 2Bc 4. Patella transmerica, Sow. Queensland. The color of interior is a pearly bronze the 22 perpen- dicular stripes show through. Center of interior 21. Olivancillaria cauta, More. The shell is 1 is grayish, shape of owl. l /^" BOc almost entirely one whorl, wide aperture, gray- ish color. 114" 60c shell is 5. Cassis jappnica, Rve. Japan. The grayish with 4 interrupted bands of square blot- 22. Olivancillaria acuminata, Lam. A slender ches. Lip reflexed and showing brown trans- yellowish-brown shell from So. Australia, but 2" 60c verse .marks. it may be other shades. 1%" BOc 6. Cassis abbreviate, Lam. Gulf of California. 23. Olivancillaria steeriae, Rve. India. A slen- The shell has circular tiny ribs but near crown der strong shell with brilliant markings of brown there are two rows of small knobs. Lip is reflexed shading. 1%" BOc with 4 brown patches at back 2" 75c 24. Olivancillaria Lam. The 7. Vermetus nigra, Lam. Philippines. A black subulata. speci- solid shell which has to be broken off rock. It men figured is of a smooth gray color, the apical whorl tiny. BOc usually consists of only one huge coil, the whole being 1%" shell is usually 2" 50c 25. Olivancillaria gibbosa, Born. Brazil. A 8. Polinices bicolor, Phil. Queensland. The very variable shell. The specimen figured is shell is of horn-color, rather flat for its size, um- mottled gray, apical whorls darker, and there bilicus open partly covered by prominent callous. is a wide band near the base of brown blotches 2" 75c on yellow. Other shells may be differently col- ored throughout. IVz" 25c and 50c 9. Latirus prismaticus, Mart. Philippines. The shell is white with vertical interrupted bands of 26 and 27. Olive bulbosa. Bolt. East Africa. red. Aperture white. Nearly 2" 60c This shell has many patterns, the ones illustrated being the lighter shades. Other specimens may 1 10. Mitra plicata, Kien. Philippines. A plicat- be richly mottled with black. I /*" 25c. I have ed white shell with vertical brown bands. Base been making up collections of 20 specimens, 5 aperture toothed. IVz" 76c different patterns of 4 each for only 2.00 and they seem to give great satisfaction. 11. Mitra sanguisuge, L. Queensland. A small ver ical of rich dark shell with plications color, 28 and 29. Olive ispidula, L. Philippines. An- one white cirr alar band in middle of whorl, aper- other extremely variable variety the two figures ture dark. All Mitra are beautiful and this one extreme types. Some are 1 showing entirely dark, specially so. l /^" BOc others mottled and may have a rich lavender inside. It is very common on some of the islands. 12. Mitra hanleyana, Sow. Queensland. The 25c 6 of smaller sizes 25c shell is smooth shining of uniform shades of brown. Lower half of last whorl mostly white. " 30. Mitra plicaria, L. Queensland. This small iy2 50c reddish and white shell has two prominent dark bands. Base of shell is pink. Slightly over 1". 13. Mitra filaris, Queensland. The shell is a- BOc dorned with circular brown ridges throughout. Upper part of whorl is white. Little over 1 inch. 50c 31. Conus kiiensis, Kuroda. Japan. Upper whorls are carinated, main color pattern light brown with two darker bands. Lip thin, sharp. 14. Mitra glabra, Swain. So. Australia. The Slightly over 1" scarce 1.00 color is light yellowish brown, smooth, base of l " aperture toothed. 2 /2 1.00 32. Siphonalia trochula, Rve. Japan. The shell is light brownish, with many spiral lines, 15. Cymatium kleineri, Sow. South Africa. A aper- ture strong and there are interior lines. small rugged shell. The picture is not quite typ- spiral BOc ical, being shorter. 1" 50c 1%" 16. Conus brazieri, Sow. Queensland. A small 33. Siphonalia cassidaeformis, Rve. Japan. smooth yellowish shell with one white band in The shell has a row of nodules on top of last middle of last whorl. Tip of shell shows pink. whorl, six circular brown lines, lip strong, inter- 1%" 1.00 ior white. IVz" BOc 106 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 49 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 107 1. Melo flammea, Gmel. Queensland. A very 14. Ranella lampas, L. Philippines. A young handsome "Baler" Shell, richly mottled with very knobby shell often with rich red aperture, shades of brown and white. 3 to 5" 2.00-3.00 unknown on larger shells. 2" 50c 15. Rve. Panama. A hand- 2. Turris unedo, Val. Japan. One of the fine Latirus castaneus, the whole large forms of this wonderful family that con- some shell with perpendicular ridges, this are tains many hundred species. It has prominent body being a yellow color. All of genus 2" 75c row of knobs on upper part of whorl and entire fine colored shells. shell faintly dotted with brown dots. 3" 1.00 16. Turris granosa, Helb. Japan. The shell has fine circular ridges and row of small nodules 3. Turris Lisch. Japan. The shell kaderlyi, on whorl. Uncolored. 2" 1.00 differs from preceding form in being unusually upper smaller, with prominent brownish ridges on each " whorl. 2y2 1.00 17. Strombus marginatus, L. Philippines. A shell with always distinct characteristics. Pyri- form, small rows of nodules on top of main whorl, 4. Strombus epidromus, L. Philippines. It is a rich shading of light brown throughout, flaring remember this fine white shell easy to always lip. 2" 1.00 by the prominent flaring lip. 3" 1.00 18. Cassis inornata, Pils. Japan. A small round 5. Terebra chlorata, Lam. Philippines. This shell with fain brown markings tiny tubercles fine species has only come on the market in re- on top of main whorl, outer lip edged with brown cent years. It has two rows of square spots on spots. 1%" 50c each whorl. 3" 50c 19. Mitra chrysalis, Rve. Philippines. The 6. Turris crispa, Lam. Philippines. One of shell has faint circular ridges and body mottled the finest of the genus being of good size and with a reddish-yellow. 1%" 75c brilliantly marked with rows of squarish blotches of black on a white background. 3%" 1.00 20. Mitra intermedia, Kien. Australia. The upper whorls are ornamented with broken line of black, lower whorls with wider lines and widest 7. Verconella pyrulata, Lam. Tasmania. This in middle of last whorl. Perpendicular ridges fine whitish shell is covered with prominent rid- throughout. 2" 50c ges and resembles a Fasciolaria. It belongs to " the great F'amily of Siphonalia. 3V2 1.00 21. Tenegodus weldi, Woods. Australia. A small shell, irregularly coiled with opening as 8. Fusus dupetithouarsi, Kien. Gulf of Cali- usual in top of each whorl. 1" 1.00 fornia. A fine white shell usually covered with a fuzzy yellowish epidermis. Runs 4 to 5" 1.00 22. Terebratella rubicunda, Sow. Australia. A smallish triangular reddish brachiapod, usually with other shells. 9. Turritella tigrina. Glen. Gulf of California. found attached to and living as A handsome shell, each whorl being covered with The Brachiapods are not true mollusca, they 200 with brownish zigzag markings. 3" 1.00 have an internal structure. Only about species living in the world and thousands of fossil forms. 1.00 10. Ancilla albocallosa, Lisch. Japan. This shell is one of the finest of the genus, being 23. Delphinula atacta, Rve. Japan. A small smooth and richly adorned with brown above form with flat top, whorls ornamented with and below, the main body whorl being flesh color. ridges and a few spines, usually stubby. Of a 2*4" 2,00 1 " reddish color and fairly rare. 1 /2 2.00 11. Ancilla Lisch. This fine urasia, Japan. 24. Turbo Lam. South Australia. A shell looks like a small edition of the above spe- gruneri, small fairly smooth shell with circular ridges cies and much resembles it in every way. J " " and of a reddish-brown color. 1 /4 50e iy2 i.oo 25. Cancellaria obesa, Lam. Gulf of California. 12. Latirus Gmel. A turritus, Philippines. A small shell which much resembles our reticu- smallish shell, completely covered with brilliant lata of Florida, except that it is more smooth, reddish-brown markings. iVz" 50c has two brownish bands and thin lip. 1" 50c 13. Vermetus sipho, Lam. Australia. A unique 26. Cuma coronata. Lam. East Africa. A example of this remarkable genus which as- small uncolored shell completely covered with sumes all sorts of forms in its natural growth. pointed tubercles. The cuma are a branch of You never see two twisted alike. 2" 1.00 Thais. 1%" 50c 108 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 50 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 109 1. Conus omaria, Brug. Philippines. A rather 18. Cypraea hungerfordi, Sow. Japan. Base slender rounded shell of brownish shade, corn- is creamy-white also lower sides. Just above is completely covered with tent-like markings. a fringe of black and top is mottled with dots l " 2 /2 1.00 and markings of russet. A deep water shell and always rare. l%" 5.00 2. Conus quercinus, Hwass. Philippines. A handsome yellowish pyriform shell completely 19. Cypraea Gray. Queensland. covered with fine striae. 1.00 xanthodon, 2-2^2" Lower sides have a few brown spots, base flesh color, teeth brownish, top is reddish-chestnut 3. Conus Born. pennaceus, Japan. Only slight- with two faint circular bands. Little over 1". ly and covered with pyriform completely tent- Rare 2.00 like markings. 1%" 1.00 4. Conus regularis, Sow. Gulf of California. A 20. Cypraea subviridis, Rve. Queensland. Top handsome pyriform shell with zigzag brownish with chestnut markings, usually has a broad markings. Spire elevated to point. 2" 1.00 darker band. Base flesh color. Over 1" 1.00 5. Conus planorbis, Born. Philippines. Uni- 21. Cypra carneola, L. Pacific generally. Base formly reddish-yellow with bands lighter color. flesh color, side grayish, top with yellowish Spire nearly flat with irregular markings. bands. Shell figured is 1" but they are found to 1" 1.00 3" and frequently are confused with the rare aurantia. 25c to 3.00 6. Conus anemone. Lam. Australia. Slightly rather and thin with brown- pyriform, light light 22. Murex Ad & Rve. A ish markings. 50c phlorator, Japan. lYz" small winged form, almost triangular. Only faint shadings of brown. 1%" 1.00 7. Conus retifer, Mke. Okinawa. A short pyra- midal shell of reddish-chestnut with few white tent-like markings on russet background. 23. Strombus gibberulus, L. East Africa. The 1%" 1.50 top whorls are usually distorted and body has circular brownish band of different widths. Aper- " 8. Conus eburneus, Hwass. Indian Ocean. The ture lavender. iy2 25c shell has a white background covered with squar- ish blotches of black. l J 50c /4" 24. Strombus floridus. Lam. Pacific generally. A small stubby shell with russet markings, 9. Conus cancellatus, Hwass. Japan. A white white band, thick lip. Very common. Imported shell with elevated spire and fine circular ridges. " by ton for novelty trade. Over 1" 25c iy2 1-50 25. 10. Conus figulinus, L. Philippines. Uniform- Cymatium vespaceum, Lam. Australia. ly light gossy brown with fine circular lines. Shell usually white with perpendicular ridges " and lips wide. Over 1" 50c Very distinct in color. 2 to 2y2 1.00-2.00 knobs, 11. Conus interruptus, Brod. Gulf of Californ- 26. Cymatium rubecula, Ch. Philippines. A ia. A pyriform shell with elevated spire, com- small typical Triton completely covered with pletely covered with dots and sometimes darker nodules and very variable shades of yellow, red- shades. There is a very dark form called mahog- dish and brown. 1%" 50c anyi. 1 1/2 1.00 27. Cymatium weigmanni, Ant. Panama. Row 12. Conus orbignyi, Aud. Okinawa. A thin of knobs on top of whorl, circular brownish lines, and slender shell very unusual in this genus. each whorl flattened on top. 2 to 3" 1.00 Spire elongated. There are wavy marks of brown and circular lines. 2" 1.00 28. Turbo porphyrites, Mart. Philippines. An odd rounded triangular shell mottled with 13. Cypraea arenosa, Gray. South Seas. Base dark color. 1" or over, 50c is white, sides very light brown with four dis- tinct brownish bands. l 1/^" 1.00 29. Turbo corona tus, Gmel. East Africa. Top flat, two rows of nodules on last color 14. whorl, Cypraea walkeri, Gray. Queensland. Upper usually whitish. Over 1" 50c surface shade of light brown, few spots along lower sides, wide brownish band. Rounded be- low, teeth strong, and color about same as top. 30. Latiaxis japonica, Dkr. Japan. Usually Hi" Rare 2.50 white, each whorl is adorned with a crown of flattened spines, clear to apex. Resembles a 15. Cypraea decipiens, Smith. West Australia. Chinese Pagoda. 1%" 2.00 Base and sides are a rich, shining black. Top mottled with white and light black. A brilliant 31. Drupa horrida, Lam. Philippines. Base of rare shell that always used to sell for 10.00. shell is flat, aperture deep lavender, balance of 1%" 4.00 shell covered with nodules and usually whitish. IVz" 50c 16. Cypraea ventriculus, Lam. South Seas. Base shining, sides reddish-black, top white and 32. Siphnalia pallida, B&S. Gulf of California. russet color. A rich colored distinct shell. The shell is entirely pure white, whorls have 1% to 2" 1.00 1.50 sharp points and are angular. iyg" 50c 17. Cypraea vitellus, L. Philippines. It is of 33. Cantharis gemmata, Rve. Panama. A glis- a light shade of brown with white spots. Base tening white shell with perpendicular ridges and white. iy2 to 2" 25c to 1.00 entire shell has circular ridges. 1%" 50c 110 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 11 PLATE 51 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 111 1. Megalatractus proboscidifera. Lam. brilliant yellowish species which has Australian reefs. One of the two largest always been much admired by shell marine shells in the world. Of a uniform collectors but so often not on the market yellow color it attains 20" or more but in sufficient quantity. 6" 2.50 fine 15 or 16" shells are usually the best color and upper whorls are more apt to 5. Latirus Gmel. Mauritius. be perfect. It is a comparatively light polygonus, and thin shell for its immense size. The A finely marked striking species and one other unusual marine univalve shell is of the largest of the genus. It is yellowish- the Fasciolaria gigantea of Florida. The white and the ridges are splashed with 1 pair shows the highest development of rich dark brown. 2 A" 1.00 size in univalve shells. It is placed with the Melongenas. 5.00 to 10.00 6. Latirus craticulatus, L. Mauritius. This species has spiral lines of red color 2. Nautilus pompileus, L. East Indies. and prominent ridges. I have had it 2" 1.00 When this shell is polished it is com- from Philippines. monly called the Pearly Nautilus. In the New Hebrides and other island 7. Latirus leucozonalis. Lam. West groups of the South Seas the fishing Indies. A comparatively smooth species for Nautilus is a business of the regular of a brownish color. Most of the shells natives. They fashion a barrel of bam- of this are ridged in all directions. with a curved inward at genus boo, opening 1V4" 50c each end, place a rock inside to make it sink, put in the bait and drop it to the bottom in 30 to 50 ft. of water. 8. Latirus smaragdulus. Lam. Philip- will Sometimes there be a long string pines. A dark blackish shell which is of these traps connected with ropes and often completely covered with bryozoans buoys. The Nautilus mollusk crawls of all sorts. Usually must be well cleaned along the bottom, goes into the barrel to know what you have found. IWSOc after the bait and seldom knows how to get out. Twenty million years ago there were several hundred species but 9. Latirus nassatulus. Lam. Mauritius. now there are only two living forms. A short stubby species with prominent Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a poem ridges of a whitish color. The aperture on the Nautilus which is often read in is deep pink. IVz" 50c schools. You will find much informa- tion on this species in the August 1935 10. Dolium (Tonna) Swain. number of the National Geographic ringens. Panama. The Cask Shell. Must be Magazine. The upper cut shows a shell fairly California south- cut in half with the air chambers. Size common from Lower used to be sold com- 6 to 9". 3.50 ward as they mercially in all sizes from 3 to 8 inch. They are almost perfectly round with 3. Columbrarium pagoda. Less. Japan. flaring aperture. There are 35 species A very odd shell with spire like a Pagoda of this genus in the world most of which and long slender basal appendage. There are comparatively thin shells but this are three forms known. It seems to be one is a solid fellow. Lives under edges allied to the Turris. Is of brownish of rock at low tides. 1.00 to 2.00 color. 3" 2.00 11. Dolium (Malea) pomum, L. Philip- 4. Tibia (Rostellaria) curvirostris. Lam. pines. A handsome shell of pure white Philippines to Red Sea. This is a strong or flesh color. They are round, with a robust highly polished shell with elon- slightly flaring aperture. Burrows in gated spire and stubby spiral base. A sand bars. 2 to 3" 50c to 1.00 112 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA /\7^ r J SI .. -*&' M 13 19 PLATE 52 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 113 1. Eburna areolatus. Lam. Hong Kong. 10. Vasum cornigerum. Lam. East In- A round, elevated spotted shell that is dies generally. This species seems to not real common. All of this genus are be one of the most common of the group called Ivory Shells and I have never and the one most often seen in collections. heard the reason. They have a perios- It is wide at the top tapering to base, tracum usually brown which must be covered with knobs of black and prom- removed to show the color or pattern. inent rounded tops. 3" 1.00 2" 1.00 11. Cassidaria echinophora, L. Medi- 2. Eburna japonicus. Sow. Japan Seas. terranean Sea. Of the 14 known forms This is the best Ivory Shell of the genus, of the genus this is perhaps the most and has been most widely distributed. common one seen in collections. It is They are so common they are manu- of horn color, looks much like a Cassis, factured into novelties, such as whistles, with which it is closely affiliated. etc. 2 2" 50c 2V2" 1.00 3. Eburna valentianus. Swain. Kara- 12. Turris Javana, L. China. These chi, India. Similar to the others but cuts show the true Javana and a has a to be shorter and wider, two tendency nodifera. dark blotches. variety that used to be called ornamented with irregular com- The whorls are curved inward. One of They are of a grayish color, fairly and somewhat variable. the rarest of the 2" 2.00 mon group. 2 to 3" 1.00 4. Eburna spiratus. Lam. Ceylon. A very distinct species with splashes of 13. Turris fusca, H&J. Gulf of Omar. faint di'ab over the surface. The top of This little fellow comes from 150 fathoms. 1 each whorl is curved inward, about A It has the cross ridges found in many x inch. Size 2". 1.50 other species. Almost black. l /2" 50c 5. Erburna lutosus. Lam. New Zea- 14. Turris coffea. Smith. Cebu, P. I. land. A small more slender form from little brownish shell with usual of the and A the southern part world, IVz" 50c ornamented with irregular splashes of ridges. yellowish-white, the last whorl is 15. Turris grandis. Gray. Philippines. humped at top. There are 16 species A princely shell even if the cut is small. in this genus which are widely dis- One of the largest of the genus ranging tributed. 2" 1.00 to 5 l/2". It is ornamented with circular 6. Pusionella nifat, Brug. West Africa. ridges and hundreds of small reddish- This species is smooth and finely orna- brown dots. It is truly a grand Turris. mented with splashes of yellowish-brown. 2.50 It is 2". There are about 14 species of this genus and this one is the largest. 16. Turris muricata. Lam. West Africa. Most of them are from the same region A neat little white shell with rows of and seldom seen in American collections. sharp spines and perpendicular ridges There are just no live collectors in the on the whorls. IVfc" 75c territory where found. 2.00 17. Turris Rve. New Cale- 7. Vasum cassidiformis, Val. Brazil. A bijubata, little of a form of shell which much donia. A sharp pointed chap very strange of of the resembles some of the wonderful Plio- dark color and typical many small forms of this genus. IV*" 50c cene fossil species found in Florida. It has little ridges of knobs over the surface Liberia. and wide white aperture. 3" 1.50 18. Desmoulea retusa. Lam. It is a small round lined shell with white 8. Vasum ceramicum. Lam. Moluccas aperture about 1". There are 14 species Pacific This is and generally. species in the world, all of which are more or in to each end. widest middle and tapers less rare and seldom seen in collections. Finely ornamented with spines along the 1.00 top of whorl. Not common. 3" 2.50 abbreviata, Gmel. Na- 9. Vasum capitellum, L. West Indies. 19. Desmoulea in form All of the 13 known species of this genus tal, So. Africa. Differs slightly the are strong robust shells and of very odd from preceding species but spiral form. They are usually covered with lines and aperture immediately place it marine growths which must be removed in this genus. This is the form most to show their real pattern. This species is commonly seen in collections and my it on the of light brownish, has a few knobs. collector in Natal found freely 2V2" 1.00 beaches of that Colony. 1.00 114 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 53 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 115 1. Voluta daviesi, Fult. Japan. A tall illustrate one species. I have an idea slender shell with vertical striae and this shell is rather rare as owner said he squarish brown blotches on each whorl. had only taken 10 specimens in years. Always deep water. 4" 6.00 May be deep water. The main shell is well rounded with row of points on top of 2. Voluta mentiens, Fult. Japan. Some- whorl, which extend to about top. The what similar to preceding species but extended canal has a few points also. with circular striae as well as vertical Generally of a white color with faint riblets. The brown shadings are more brownish markings. Only a very few suffused. 4/5" 5.00 forms in the genus. 5.00 3. Voluta cancellata, Kuroda. Japan. 12. Voluta pulchra. Sow. Barrier Reefs, The shell is practically uncolored with where it has only been found to any vertical striae and ridges. 3" 4.00 extent on one island but likely lives on many when that vast territory is better shell is 4. Voluta delicata, Fult. Japan. A known. The covered with tent- small uncolored shell with vertical ridges like markings of black and white on a more prominent on the upper whorls. light reddish background. As its name 1M" 1.25 indicates it is one of the grand shells of the genus. 2" 10.00 5. Fusus laticostata, Desh. Philippines. A typical shell in form, with circular 13. Voluta caroli, Ired. Barrier Reefs, ridges all shaded brown. 2V2" 1.00 Australia. A comparatively rare shell anywhere. It is a shiny flesh color with three rows of brown markings. Some 6. Voluta Brod. Gulf of Cali- cumingii, are uncolored. fornia. One of the smaller forms of this specimens 2 to 3" 6.00 and up genus which seldom attains over 1". It has vertical ridges of brown, lip is wide at edge and aperture narrow. 1.00 14. Murex denudatus. Perry. Queens- land. This shell is of a light pinkish color to white and much resembles our sal- 7. Fuscosurcula mirabilis. Sow. Japan. leanus of Florida. 2" 1.00 A handsome member of the Turris Family with curved vertical stripes of brown. 2V2" 1.50 15. Murex motacilla, Ch. Barbadoes. A neat little chap with tail curved back- ward, prominent ribs and knobs, few 8. Alipurpurea centrifuga. Hinds. Gulf short spines. \Vz" 1.00 of California. This fine little white tri- sharp angular shell was formerly a Murex and looks like one. Each of the three ridges 16. Murex recurvirostris, Brod. Gulf has a central point. Rare. 1V&" 2.00 of California. The three prominent rounded ridges on this shell are marked with dark brown and white, few short 9. Cymatium dunkeri, Lisch. Japan. spines and tail is straight. 1%" 1.00 This is a fine member of the great Triton group. It has vertical ridges or knobs, aperture strong and rounded, tail at bot- 17. Murex triformis, Rve. Tasmania. tom curved backward. Aperture orange. There are two prominent upright ridges Main color pattern, shades of brown. on body whorl, aperture is flat and flar- 3V2" 2.00 ing. Almost uncolored. 2Vi>" 1.00 10. Cymatium gutturnium, Koch. 18. Harpa nobilis. Bolt. Philippines. I Philippines. The shell is mostly un- suspect this shell is found everywhere in colored, knobby, tail curves backwards, Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is a small aperture rounded, and all well covered form but very richly colored with red, with nacre. Aperture may be orange. brown and white. 2" 2.00 2V4" 1.50 19. Harpa minor. Lam. Philippines. of the small forms of the Fresh 11. Tudicle spinosa. H&Ads. Queens- One genus. are mottled with land. I had never seen this shell until specimens richly black, summer of 1950. My other books only brown and white. IVz" 1.00 116 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 54 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 117 1. Cassis japonica, Rve. Japan. Also 13. Cantharus insignis, Rve. Gulf of figured on Plate 48. California. This shell is one of the large forms of the genus and is perpendicularly with of blackish-brown. 2. Cassis abbreviate. Lam. Gulf of marked stripes 2" 75c California. Also figured on Plate 48. 3. Cassis pila, Rve. Japan. The shell 14. Nessarius magnifica, Lisch. Japan. much resembles japonica, but spots are Some years ago they changed the name more faint or entirely lacking. 2 l/2" 50c of the genus to Hindsia, and you may see the shells with either name. This form is one of the with vertical 4. Cassis achatina. Lam. Cape Verde finest, on each Ids. A small round form with faint flesh ridges whorl, only faintly marked. 1%" 50c color. Rather shiny. 1W 50c 5. Melongena galeodes. Lam. Philip- 15. Cancellaria Hticostata, Kob. Japan. pines. Usually dark color, row of short This shell is closely allied to reeveana, spines on top of whorl, another similar Crs. It is covered with fine ridges and row near base. Body lines with circular only faintly marked with brown. rows of brown. 2" 50c 50c 6. Turbo petholatus, L. Philippines. 16. Cancellaria cassidaeformis, Rve. With the green operculum which boys Panama. An unusual form reticulated, during war called "Cat eyes." But many a row of points on top of whorl, interior of them are white. The shell is very of aperture ridged. \Vz" 75c smooth and shiny and brilliantly mot- tled, hardly any two of the same pattern. 17. Cantharu? erythrostoma. Lam. 2" 1.00 West Australia. A fine small shell with vertical ridges, tinged with brown. 7. Ranella ranelloides, Rve. Japan. A Ground color yellowish. 1 W 25c typical small shell of this genus, covered with rows of tubercles. Light brown in 18. Siphonalia nodosa. Mart. New Zea- color. 1%" 50c land. The shell is roundish with rows of small tubercules and vertical bands of 8. Strombus auris-dianae, L. Philip- brown. 1%" 50c pines. The back of the shell may be rough or smooth, aperture a deep reddish- 19. Vasum cornigerum. Lam. Philip- orange, with a short spire on top of lip. pines. The shell is pyrif orm. covered with 2" 50c tubercles well marked with white and black color. 2" 50c 9. Distorsio constrictus, Brod. Panama. The aperture is distorted as usual similar 20. Latirus smaragdula. Lam. Philip- to the Florida form. Color, white. pines. A round bulbous shell with very 2" 1.00 fine circular lines, usually a reddish- brown or blackish color. 1%" 50c 10. Distorsio anus, L. Philippines. The most remarkable shell of the genus, the 21. Thais tubsrculata. Lam. Philip- whorls being distorted, covered with pines. There are very few shells of this knobs, and the face of the aperture is genus so richly adorned with pointed broad, covered with rich nacre. 2" 1.00 spines, and black color. 1%" 50c 11. Latirus cingulata, L. Panama. An 22. Crucibulum imbricata. Gulf attractive shell covered with circular Sow. of California. There are and Saucer rings of black on a white background, but Cup Shells all over the world and this is one none can be seen in life as they are the best. in covered with a brown periostracum. of Always irregular shape; the inside cup is pure white. l l/2" 50c There is a sharp tooth at base of aperture. 75c 23. Astraea olivaceum. Wood. Gulf of 12. Latirus polygonus, Gmel. Philip- California. A low pyramidal shell covered pines. A handsome shell with notched with lines only faintly colored. Below perpendicular ridges of black color, either most of the shell is flesh color with red- 3 white or flesh-colored between. l /4" 1.00 dish at center. lW'50c 118 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 55 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 119 1. Chiton tuberculatus, L. Panama. A hand- 14. Vermetus filosus, Rve. Japan. It just nat- some grayish form, with snakeskin mantle. In- urally grows flat on some smooth rock or shell. terior is sea green. You will see them clinging It frequently uses the host as part of its body to the rocks where the surf is heavy. 2Va" 75c whorls and when removed shows many holes. l " Uncolored. l /2 50c 2. Callistochiton pulchellus, Gray. Gulf of California. The shell is dark colored, plates are richly lined in fan shape. Interior greenish. 15. Vermetus novahollandiae, Rouss. Austra- 2" 50c lia. It just naturally grows in a twisted mass, twining its coils around one another. Uncolored. 2" 50c 3. Chiton squamosus, L. West Indies. A rug- ged chap, the plates above usually covered with incrustations or bryozoa. Interior is pale green- ish. One of the most common forms. 2" 25c 16. Tenegodus (Siliquaria) anguina, L. Phil- ippines. One of the finest of the genus but sel- dom two alike in form. The top of the whorls 4. This is a specimen of the same shell, buffed have an opening the entire length. Uncolored. down to the hard shell. You would never rec- 2" 1.50 ognize the rich black color bordered with white and brown. Interior black and green. It is now a beautiful specimen for the cabinet and well worth the price. 3.00 17. Aporrhais pes-pelicani, L. Also figured on another plate. 5. Chiton marmoratus, Gmel. Bahamas. In its natural state the back is adorned with faint stripes on a gray background. Mantle like snake- 18. Echinella coronaria, Lam. Philippines. All skin. Interior rich green. 2" 50c of the shells of this genus resemble Tectarias, being trochiform, nobby, and often richly adorned with color, as is this species. 1" 25c 6. This is the same shell richly buffed. The back is now a rich green white and some faint stripes. A real beauty. 1.50 19. Calliostoma meyeri, Phil. Tasmania. Also figured on P. ate. 7. Ishnochiton contractus, Rve. Also shown on another plate. 20. Cassis bandatum, Ire. Australia. This 8. Ishnochiton lineolatus, Blv. South Austra- shell much resembles glauca, which is found all lia. A handsome grayish brown shell with very over the Pacific area. The specimens sent me fine lines. Mantle slightly darker brown. come from Australia are faintly spotted, smooth, 1^4" 50c shiney, lip flesh-colored. Top of each whorl has a row of small tubercles. 2 i*> to 3" 1.00 9. Ishnochiton cariosus, Pils. South Australia. The pattern is somewhat like preceding species, slightly narrower, the mantle light brown. 21. Cassis plicata, L. Australia. A very hand- IVi" 50c some glossy shell with vertical flat ridges, five faint circular stripes of brown and wider irregu- lar vertical stripes same. Top of shell has one 10. Ishnochiton torrei, Iredale. South Austra- row of very small knobs. Lip has five narrow lia. Top two shades of brown, mantle still light- bands. The shell is not very common in collec- " 3" 2.50 er, some specimens show red color. 1 */i 50c tions in this country. 11. Ishnochiton contractus, Rve. So. Australia. The main body is light gray with faint markings 22. Cassis bicarrinata, Jon. Australia. Super- 1 " and mantle is a darker brown. 1 A 50c ficially this shell resembles the previous species but there are prominent distinctions. It has two rows of knobs on upper part of last whorl. The 12. Ishnochiton tricostalis, Pils. So. Australia. vertical lines are less pronounced and there are This little fellow is hard to describe. The back wavy brownish markings throughout. Specimen is richly adorned with lines in form of triangle figured was 3". 2.50 and the narrow mantle is barred. 1" 50c 13. Stenochiton longicymba, Blv. So. Austra- 23. Bulla tenuissima, Sow. South Australia. of lia. One of the dainty forms of this great family, One of the largest species the genus I have very narrow with glossy back. Looks more like seen. Usually 2" or more. The back has wavy a worm than a sea shell. Interior is dark. dark markings and the top has open umbilicus " 1V2 50c 50c 120 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 56 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 121 1. Thais bufo. Lam. Queensland. Spiral lines 13. Aporrhais pes-pelicani, L. East Indies. A on last whorl with two rows of small knobs. very unique and common shell now used in vaat Outer lip edged with brown, interior flesh color. quantities in the novelty manufacturing busi- An attractive shell of this genus. 2" 50c ness. It is not unusual to see a whole barrel full in a wholesale house. The peculiar fingers do not appear on the young shell. 1%" 25c 2. Latirus belcheri, Rve. Japan. Has a row of pointed nodules on each whorl. Ground color whitish with longitudinal wide stripes of black 14. Siphonalia fusoides, Rve. Japan. Typical usually somewhat zigzag. An attractive shell. form of many of the smaller shells of this genus, 2" $1. spiral lines, base turned back. 1%" 50c 3. Siphonalia filosus, Kuruda. Japan. An 15. Latiaxis lischkeana, Dkr. Japan. This elongated shell with slight nodules in middle of beautiful shell much resembles Japonicus, is each whorl and longitudinal markings of light white, but the row of flat opines at e-lge of brown. About 8 whorls. Aperture reflexed back- each whorl, curve upwards. The body whorl is " ward. 2V2 $1 covered with rows of very tiny spines. I 1 -" $5 4. Ranella pulch: a, Gray. Japan. The Winged Ranel'a is a good common name. The 16. Latiaxis pagoda, A. Ads. Japan. This lit- five whorls have perpendicular nodules and the tle fellow of one inch has rows of upturned two wings encircle the aperture. 2" $1 spines on each whorl. The spines are flat. Prac- tically uncolored. $2.00 5. Turritella flammaulata, Kien. Gulf of Cali- fornia. The shell is elongated as are all of this 17. Murex modesta, Fult. Japan. A fine small genus, with a ridge separating each of the 12 shell with three thin wings, drab color and al- " whorls. Of a grayish color and slightly most round aperture. 1 V4 ?5c " wrinkled. 2 V2 75c 18. Murex penchinati, Crs. Japan. A small 6. Murex eurypteron, Rve. Japan. This shell shell of the form cf our Florida rufus and is very cksely allied to aduncus and it is very salleanus. Some are reddish and some black. hard to separate them. Of about the same size Usual specimens 50c and number of winged varices. A remarkable species of a litt:e over 2" $1 19. Pecten singaporensis. Sow. Queensland. The shell has 18 prominent rounded ridges and is mottled with reddish, brownish and white. 7. Conns ione, Fult. Japan. The shell has Usual specimens IV:;" or a little larger. 50c only slight markings of brown and very closely resembles sieboldi. The apex is concave be- tween each whorl. 2" $2.00 20. Ishnochiton proteus, Rve. New South Wales. A neat little species with a light streak down the back and lighter on edge. I'/i" 50c 8. Siphonalia spadicea, Rye. Japan. Similar in form to No. 3. The last whorl has small cir- L. Often called the cular rirlges and upper whorls have vertical 21. Ovula volva, Japan. as each end is elongated ridges. Uncolored. 2" 50c Weaver Shuttle Shell, like the shuttle used in weaving c!oth. Aper- ture is elongated and oval on edge. Usually and 9. Ranella corrugata, Perry. Japan. The shell flesh-colored in fresh specimens ranges 4 inch. $1 is completely covered with small nodules, usually from 2 to a smaller row between, one higher. Aperture " white. 1 Vfc 50c modulated, 22. Turris coffea, Smith. Philippines. A dark she'l, upper part of each whorl is black and lower part lighter colored, with circular ridges 10. Turris cosmoi, Sykes. Japan. Each whorl throughout. 2 Vis" $1 has a row of small nodules in the center and between the whorls is a low row of pointe 1 nodule; of brown. A very dainty uncolored 23. Ishnochiton virgatus, Rve. Victoria, Aus- shell of 2". 50c tralia. The back is light colored and mottled, " with darker edge. 1 V4 50c 11. Turris Lam. Each whorl fascislis, Japan. This has a row of small nodules and the lower part 24. Dentaliem vernedei, Hanley. Japan. varieties of the of the last whorl three rows. The nodules are is one of the largest genus, which consists of several hundred light brown. 2V-." 50c species throughout the world. The East and West Coast of North America have a large number 12. Turbo stenogyrus, Fisch. Japan. A small of species, mostly 1 to 2 inch, many highly beautifully mottled shell. Longitudinal alter- polished and all have a hole in each end. This nate stripes of white, and brownish, granular species is white and ranges from 4 to 5 inches but smooth surface. \\k" &0c in length. $1 122 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 123 1. Patella kermadecensis, Pils. Ker- 8. Patella granularis. Rve. South madic Island, north of New Zealand. A Africa. A rather small shell of almost very fine large species, mostly of a yel- black color and ornamented with ribs lowish color. It is one of the largest and that are divided into knobs. Fairly com- heaviest forms in the world. There are mon. lVi>"50c some 250 known species in the genus but few the size and weight of this one. The 9. Patella caerulea, L. North Sea. A shell is hard and takes a fair polish. medium sized shell that is quite variable 5" 3.00 being mostly shades of gray and darker colors. Rather common through the IVfe" 50c 2. Patella neglecta. Gray. Australia. region. Rather flat with few marginal points and many fine ribs. Found in the coral reefs. 10. Patella oculus. Born. South Africa. Not very common. 2" 1.00 Of rather flat form, thin and has dark circular stripes. It is considered one of the finest of the genus. collector in Patella Dkr. My 3. nigrosquamosa, Japan. Natal had trouble in detaching them colored as cut indicates. A light beauty, from the rocks as the shell would break There are rows of small scalloped many before it would loose its hold. Finally a of color with darker edges a yellowish thin bladed knife had to be used. 3" 75c circles. 2" 75c 11. Patella testudinaria, L. Philippines. 4. Patella ferruginea, Gmel. Mediter- One of the fine large oval forms with ranean Sea. The back is of dark color dark mottled surface. It is usually rather and covered with ridges or ribs that are smooth, thick and an outstanding species. mottled. The edge terminates in a row 2 to 3V2" 1.00 of irregular spines. 2" 75c 12. Patella radians, Gmel. New Zea- land. Rather thin, mottled with brown, 5. Patella granatina, L. Cape of Good the color through the shell. It Hope. Rather thin with scalloped edges showing is quite variable some markings being in and finely ringed with dark stripes. This others in lines and stripes. is one of the forms of the region, splashings, splendid 2" 75c of which there are many species. 3" 75c 13. Patella plumbea. Lam. Senegal. A rather distinct form. 6. Patella longicosta. Lam. Cape of neat little shell of Good Hope. A fine shell with sharp arms It is ridged around the edges with light extending out like a star. It is white, smooth space in center. A common shaded with darker colors. 2 to 3" 75c species from Indian Ocean region. 75c 7. Patella cretacea. Rve. Tahiti. A 14. Scutus ambiguus, Chem. New Zea- shell with finely ridged shell with dark color around land. A pure white plate-like 20 in the the edge. There are many Patella oval back. There are species through the East Indies but New Zea- genus most of which are white and of land and South Africa seem to be par- the form of this one, varying in size and 2" 1.00 ticularly rich in splendid forms. 1" 5.00 slightly in form. 124 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA . from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 125 1. Thais pica, Blv. Philippines. The 9. Strombus japonicus, Rve. Japan. An shell has two rows of pointed knobs on elongated pointed shell, upper whorls un- last whorl and one row above. Ground colored, last whorl broadens out, shaded color white, richly adorned with jet black brown with two faint circular rows of markings. Nearly 2". 50c white. The upper part of the lip extends upward on the two previous whorls. Aperture white. 2 l/2" 50c 2. Thais rudolphi. Lam. Philippines. This is a handsome shell if can a you get 10. Strombus isabella. Lam. Philip- specimen that cleans up well. It has two pines. A lat chunked rounded shell of rows of faint knobs on last whorl. Entire light brownish color with irregular mark- shell has circular tiny white lines. Aper- throughout. part of lip thick ture with columellar ings Upper edged brown, part and rounded, thin below at notch. 2" 50c flesh colored. 2" 1.00 11. Lischkeia argenteonitens, Lisch. 3. Thais haustrum. Mart. Australia. Japan. A thin deep water shell with row The remarkable thing about this shell is of small knobs on each whorl, fading out its aperture which in specimen figured entirely in apex. Aperture thin. The measured 2" and the entire shell 2 1/2". whole shell has a brilliant sheen, common The general color is brown, edge of aper- in very deep water shells. 2" 2.00 ture well marked, columellar section white. 75c 12. Turcicia coreanis. Lam. Japan. Somewhat similar to preceding shell to it is allied. It has a tiny 4. Thais succincta. Mart. New Zealand. which closely row of another at sutures, which The shell is uncolored, has vertical striae knobs, continue to Base of shell flat with and circular ridges. Aperture white. apex. 2" 50c tiny circular lines. It is a very deep water shell and shows some sheen. IVz" 2.00 5. Thais mancinella, L. Philippines. Lisch. Smaller The whole shell is ornamented with flat 13. Turcicia crumpii, Japan. than has only faint knobs, color preceding species pointed knobs. Ground mostly but covered with spiral lines, with base same. " white. Aperture a rich yellow. 2" 50c iy2 $2 14. Calliostcma meveri, Phil. Tasmania. A adorned 6. Cassis crumena, Brug. Gulf of Cali- handsome coniral shell completely with circular made up fornia. The shell much resembles the above and below ridges of fine beading. Apex bluish. IVi" $1 Cameo Shell with rows of small knobs of russet color, 'aperture white, upper part 15. Solarium maximum, Phil. Japan. This ge- is one of narrow and wider below which nus is also called Architec'.onica. One of the larg- its main distinctive features. I suspect it e t of the genus. It has row; of square spots and below each w v orl at suture. It has lives below tide lines as it is not very above no central axis, and umbilicus can be clearly size 2". 1.00 common. Average seen to top. each whorl ringed with serrated edge. In the olden days was called the Stair- case Shell. 2Vb" $1-50 7. Strombus mauritianus. Lam. East Africa. A narrow elongated shell covered 16. Eugyrina subdistorta, Lam. Tasmania. with russet markings, usually arranged This genus name used to be a subgenus of Tri- tons or The shell has characteristics in circular rows. notch is Cymatium. Lip prominent. of both a Triton and Distorsio. It is of light Always used to be considered fairly color with shadings of brown, faint circular 1 scarce but since war has appeared on the rows of knobs. 2 ..." $2 market in fair quantity. Nearly 2". 50c 17. Calliostoma haliarchus, Mke. Japan. The shell forms a perfec' shiny cone terminating 8. Strombus melanostomus. Sow. at a point at apex. The whorls have faint cir- lines and base the -same. The naturally Philippines and Pacific generally. A very cu'ar smooth surface makes it a very attrac- row of knobs shiny attractive shell. Back has tive shell. 1%" $1-50 in upper section and less below. Upper part of aperture terminates in a spire of 18. Cassia areola, L. Pacific general'y. Shell smooth a half inch. Lower section reflexed back- figured is from Australia. It is generally with circular rows of with notch. The whole and completely covered wards prominent square patches of brown. Lip strong reflexsd aperture richly adorned with black and and has usually inner row of small sharp teeth. yellow markings. 2 1/2" 1.25 2 to 3" 50c to $1 126 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 13 PLATE 59 This plate was included in one of my earlier editions and is only included here for the reason it illustrates some very nice shells. Some of them are likely duplicated on other plates where they belong. from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 127 1. Terebra strigata. Sow. Striped Tere- 9. Spondylus coccineus. Lam. Philip- bra, Panama. Brilliant brown stripes on pines. Thorny Oyster, Philippines. These a yellowish-white background. shells have short spines in great pro- 3 to 4" 1.00 fusion. Colors are orange, purple, red and intermediate shades. 2 to 4" 2.50 2. Terebra robusta. Hinds. Mottled Terebra, Panama. A mottled shell of brown and white, considered quite scarce. 3 to 5" 1.00 10. Spondylus japonica, Japanese Thorny Oyster, Japan. Numerous flat spines of a purplish color. 2 to 3" 2.00 3. Voluta rupestris, Gmel. Japan. Zig- zag brown stripes on a light brown back- ground. 3 to 4". See Plate 27. 2.50 11. Tridacna squamosa. Lam. Furbe- 4. cervinetti, Kien. Kieners Cypraea low Clam, Philippines. Illustration is a Cowry, Panama, on Pacific side only. young shell, which are more attractive similar to the Florida but Very "cervus," than old specimens. Ground color is more with much dark- usually elongated, greenish-yellow, reddish and occasion- er teeth. A richly colored shell. 2Vz to ally lavender. Furbelows are usually 3V2". See Plate 30. 1.00 white. Old specimens a foot or more long are about smooth. 5. Cymatium weigmanni. Ant. Weig- 3 to 4" 2.00 and up mans Triton, Panama. Deep brown shiny ridges, with white between. It is a rather scarce shell. 2 to 3" 1.00 12. Turbo marmoratus, L. The Green Seas. The illustration is a 6. Conus purpurascens, Brod. The Snail, China Purple Cone, Panama. Of a rich bluish- specimen polished down to the pearl, only some purple, with white splashes of color. Very the base showing green. Very attractive. 2 to 3" 1.00 brilliant iridescent colors. 3 to 6". Also described on Plate 40. 5" 5.00 7. Voluta hirasei, Pils. Pilsbry's Volute, Japan. Whorls ridged lengthwise, russet color. 3V2" 6.00 13. Tridacna crocea. Lam. Baby Giant Clam, Philippines. The common name 8. Murex troscheli, Lisch. Japan. One mentioned is the one used by the natives of the largest of the long-spined Murex, but it is not really a baby shell of the ranging 5 to 6". Lined with brown. Three Giant Clam. Colors reddish and white. rows of spines. 2.50 2 to 3". 128 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 60 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 129 1. Ancilla marginata. Lam. Tasmania. oldest shell books as one of the treasures A pointed species of brilliant polish with of ye olden times. While it is more com- splashes of chestnut. The aperture is mon today it has never been called a real peculiar shape and has high spire. IVz" common shell, as it lives below the tide and not very common. 1.00 lines. Recently I have had numerous fine specimens sent me from around Brisbane, Australia. The collector says he finds 2. Ancilla L. Gulf of Mexico glabrata, many specimens on the beach but only to Yucatan. a rich with Of golden yellow very rarely one alive, with the mollusk. an unusual brilliant natural polish that Average size 1%". 4.00 fairly glistens. The aperture has peculiar folds. All of the Ancillas have a neat habit and are closely allied to the Olivas. 10. Haliotis gigantea, Chem. Japan 2 to 21/2" 1.00 Sea. One of the largest species of the genus but seldom as thick as some of the 3. Ancilla ventricosa. Sow. Red Sea. other forms, hence it has never known It is of a rich golden yellow throughout. the commercial importance of the Cali- Not common. 1" 1.00 fornia coast forms. Lives on the rocks as do the others. Of very rich dark color inside. Back usually covered with many 4. Ancilla australis. Sow. Australia. forms of incrustations. 8" or more. 1.00 Of a rich shade of brown, high polish, it is an attractive small shell of 1". There are 50 of this in the world. species genus 11. Haliotis rugoso-plicata, Chem. Aus- 50c tralia. Back is covered with numerous corrugations and interior white. A neat 5. Astraea rugosum, L. Mediterranean shell not at all common. 2 to 3" 1.00 Sea. Of drab color it is a fairly common species of this region. The surface has tiny ruffles as shown in cut. 2" 75c 12. Haliotis midae, L. Australia. Back is covered with folds. Interior mostly white. It is not common in collections. 6. Ancilla rubiginosa. Swain. China 3 to 4" 1.00 Seas. It is of a cinnamon brown highly enameled. Lighter brown at suture. Not common. 2" 1.25 13. Haliotis pulcherrima. Mart. Poly- nesia. A small species with very distinct shell Interior white. About 1". 7. Ancilla tankervillei. Sow. Brazil. A pattern. 75c richly enameled high colored shell and is quite rare and only occasionally seen. 2" 1.50 14. Haliotis japonica, Rve. The back of the shell has numerous folds and nicely 8. Ancilla mauritiana. Sow. Mauritius. marked with shades of yellow and brown. neat small 2" shell. 50c It is of a clear yellowish color, quite A highly polished and has a very wide aperture. Only a few other species are 15. Haliotis asinina, L. Philippines similar. 1V2 to 2" 1.00 Seas. A narrow shiny shell quite thin and one of the very few naturally glossy 9. Epitomium (Scalaria) pretiosa. Lam. forms. It is quite common, and fine speci- China Seas. The so-called Precious mens can usually be had for a small Wentletrap you will find figured in the price. 3" 50c 130 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 61 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 131 1. Pectenculus maculata, Baird. Gulf Main color yellowish-brown. Some are of California. One of the finest marked mostly yellow. 2Yz" 1.00 shells of the genus being completely covered with zigzag markings of deep 7. Cytherea chemnitzi, Hanley. West brown. 2 2" 1.00 Australia. A very beautiful shell with thick upraised ridges, thickly scalloped. Only faint shadings of brown. 2V2" 1.00 2. Crassatella kingicola. Lam. Tas- mania. The shell is covered with a dark periostracum, which if removed would 8. Cardium flavum, L. Queensland. A show flesh color. This genus has shells rather flat elongated shell with many fine that range from 1 to 4". 2Vz" 1.00 rounded ribs, shaded with yellowish- brown. Interior partly yellow. 2" 1.00 3. Mactra obesa, Desh. Queensland. 9. Cardium rusticum, L. Malta. The The shell is mostly uncolored, some red shell is finely ridged with shadings o! patches on the umbones. 2W 50c l brown throughout. l /2" 50c 4. Lucina exasperata, Rve. Philip- 10. Cardium setosum, Redfield. Aus- pines. The circular white shell is finely tralia. A very dainty shell, with faint reticulated, interior edge is often lined ridges and pinkish-yellow color. 2" 75c with pink. 2" 50c 11. Cardium procerum. Sow. Gulf of 5. Callista erycina. L. Australia. The California. A solid shell with prominent handsome shell is richly lined and shaded rounded vertical ridges which are faintly with purple, interior also shows some of marked with brown. 2Vz" 1.00 that color. 2V2" 1.00 12. Cardium elatum. Sow. Gulf of 6. Callista aurantiaca. Sow. Gulf of California. A fine, smooth, yellow shell California. A shell of natural brilliant with faint vertical lines throughout. polish, as are most all of this genus. 2V2 to 3" 1.00 132 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 62 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 133 1. Vola (Pecten) Maximus, L. The spines that come in all shades of color Great Scallop. North Sea. A very large such as white, red, purple, orange, etc. 6" shell of the usual shape with fluted Not common. 4" 5.00 back. The convex side has been shipped into this country in quantity for baking fish or oysters and serve in shell. On the 6. Spondylus avicularis. Lam. West East Side of London you will find quan- Indies. In the young stage they come in of shell in the tities this market during shades of color, but as they attain a large of of the month December each year size they are white. I have had speci- is food. a where it sold for Of russet-red mens up to 10", one of the largest species color. 5" 1.00 of the family. There are over 80 species in the world. All attach themselves to rock or coral, where they remain for life 2. Amussium Japonicum, Gmel. Japan. and are able to only move one valve, the The Sun and Moon Shell. Fairly common upper, during life. 5.00 and is shipped into this country for com- mercial use. One valve is red and the other yellow. Thin almost circular. The 7. Bolt. (Nicobari- two valves only meet at top and bottom. Spondylus hystrix. Sow.) Nicobar Ids. A small flat There are 22 species in the genus. cus, 4 to 5" 1.00 species of reddish-yellow color covered with short sharp spines. It is always quite difficult to detach such a shell from the coral. 2.50 3. Pecten tigris. Lam. Philippines. 1W This handsome species is finely ridged and adorned with splashes of reddish- brown. Very attractive. 3" 1.50 8. Spondylas ducalis. Bolt. Philippines. A fairly round fat shell of a brownish color. The spines are always short and 4. Pecten tegula. Wood. Australia. A stubby. Quite variable in form and you thin shell ornamented with ridges and seldom find two alike. 2 to 3" 1.50 spines. One valve is more flat than the other. The shades of rosy-brown are in waves of color. 2" 1.50 9. Spondylus gaederopus, L. Mauritius. A very variable species of purple or other shades. The spines are short or none at 5. Spondylus crassiquama. Lam. Low- all. Not as heavy as many other forms. er California. A solid shell with stubby 4 to 5" 2.50 134 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA ' '"''' is3> -* **-*-, * * .T--- ^^L S! . \ * milt*/, v tx %. "^gigf^ 9 10 11 PLATE 63 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 135 1. Cardium auricula, Forsk. Philip- 7. Hippopus maculatus. Lam. East pines. A very peculiar shell of a grayish- India Clam, Philippines and East Indies white color, with ridges. The formation generally. It is a finely mottled, heavy of the hinge and curved cavity around shell and has been shipped into this same is very unique. Wz" 2.00 country in vast quantities for several decades. It is usually sold in various sizes ranging from 2 to 9". Old and large 2. Cardium cardissa, L. Nicobar Ids. shells are devoid of color, being usually A remarkable shell, pure white, concave white or drab, but the younger shells of on one side and convex on other. The 3 to 4 years are beautifully shaded with form of the valves is exactly the reverse brown. 50c to 6.00 of the usual shell of this genus. 1V2 to 2" 1.00 8. Soletellina biradiata. Wood. South Australia. It is of a yellowish color and 3. Cardium ringens. Chem. China. highly polished. The young shell is of a This shell is remarkable in that while darker color. There are 50 species in the the valves fit perfectly at one end, at the genus and they are a very colorful lot a other they barely touch at their points, as whole. 2Vz" 1.00 which are extended about one-eighth of an small It inch, leaving openings. would 9. Cardium unedo, L. Philippines. be interesting to know the practical use Here we have a handsome shell that of same. \Vz" 1.50 seems to be a sort of intermediate be- tween other species. It is deeply ridged with yellowish-white, the ridges being 4. Cardium censors. Sow. Panama. A barred with red. Wz to 2 l/2" 1.00 real Heart Shell of remarkable form of sculpturing. It is completely covered with little cup-shaped ridges arranged 10. Cyclina chinensis, Chem. Japan. in regular rows. Color a rich pink shade. Although this shell would be classed as Common on mud flats. 3" 1.00 smooth it shows concentric ridges which are adorned with a bluish shade. Interior pure white. There are 12 known species 5. Cardium oblongum, Chem. Greece. but I have seldom had more than one or The shell is of a yellowish-white and has two. 11/2" 75c a very thin periostracum over part of the surface. It is common and much used by 11. Chama lobata, Brod. West Indies. the inhabitants who live along the shores A small species of a drab color of for food. 2Vfeto3"1.00 very unique form, and when well cleaned makes a fine specimen. \Vz" 1.00 6. Asaphis deflorata, L. Bermuda and other parts of the world. The prevailing 12. Corbula sulculosa, A.Ad. Hong color is white tinged at one end with Kong. A trim little shell, thick, smooth, purple but as all of the shells of this shiny and well mottled with brownish. genus are very variable, there are usually There are some 90 species scattered over other color shades. There are only seven the world and they are all as interesting known species but they include hundreds as this one. Live under rocks at low tides. of color combinations. 2" 50c 1" 35c 136 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA 16 17 18 PLATE 64 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 137 1. Meretrix (Cytherea) petechialis. Lam. China. The species has a natural 10. Dosinia circinaria, Desh. Victoria, polish and covered with chevron mark- Australia. It is of a drab color with fine ings. Ranges from shades of light brown lines over the entire surface. Almost to white. Very common edible species. circular. 2" 50c 2 to 3" 50c 11. Circe divaricata, Chem. Philip- 2. Lioconcha castrensis, L. Ceylon. It pines. A solid shell with concentric is richly adorned with splashes of rosy- The color is of brown on a white There ridges. pattern splashes background. different shades of brown with dark are about 28 species in the genus and all patches at hinges. 2" 50c have brilliant colors and markings. 2 to 2V2" 1.00 12. Meretrix tripla, L. West Africa. A 3. Hysteroconcha lupinaria. Less. West small triangular species not so highly Indies to Panama. It is a true Venus-like colored as some of the other of the genus, shell adorned with spines at one end. A but a fine smooth natural polished shell. very unusual species. 2" 1.00 2" 50c 4. rosea, Brod. West Hysteroconcha 13. Paphia (Tapes) litterata, L. Philip- Coast Central America. A rather flat pines. The Tapes as we used to call them shell with fine concentric and ridges are fairly common over the tropical base. a shade of smooth Of light rosy- world. This shell is of a faint reddish- 2V4" 1.00 pink. yellow color and covered with lines. It is very variable and lines are not regular 5. Venus lamellata. Lam. So. Australia in form. The shell of Tapes is quite and Tasmania. It is white and orna- pure brittle. 2Vz to 3V2" 50c, 1.00 mented with at least six frills which curve backward and have distinct pink shade on under side. Very attractive. 14. Circe scripta, L. Philippines. It is l not so 2 /2" 1.50, 3.00 thick as some other species but it has the concentric ridges and splashes 6. Sunetta scripta, L. Ceylon. A small of reddish-brown. 2" 50c shell of brilliant polish and many shades of color. It is to find impossible two pair 15. Paphia (Tapes) laterisculca. Lam. exactly alike. Some are pure white, Ceylon. A reddish-brown shell with deep others lavender, gray, brown with zig- lines. Glossy and attractive. Most of the zag markings. Vz" 50c genus are well ornamented with lines and color. 2" 75c 7. Lioconcha picta. Lam. Viti Ids. This species is smooth and covered with splashes and zigzag markings of a shade 16. Paphia papilionacea. Lam. Indian Ocean. One of the rich fine of of light brown. Very attractive. species 1V2" 1.00 the group. It has the usual ridges and is smooth and natural polish. Color pattern different shades of brown. 1.00 8. Lioconcha tigrina. Lam. New Cale- 3V2" donia. It is rather triangular in shape with of different shades of markings 17. Venus guidia, B and S. Lower shells are much darker brown. Some California. An attractive white shell than others. IVz" to 2" 1.00 adorned with ridges that have serrated edges. One of the noble species of the Dosinia Chem. Indian 9. juvenilis. genus. The young and medium size shells Ocean. quite round, and adorned Usually are the finest. Lives in mud in quiet with shades of brown. The Dosinies light water of small bays. 3 to 5" 75c are a large group of shells covering 140 species and ranging from the big white D-ponderosa which attains 5 to 6" down 18. Lioconcha hieroglyphica, Conr. to little fellows of 1" or smaller. They Hawaii. A small shell with striking color are world-wide in distribution. Usually pattern of light and dark shades of white, there are some forms fairly well brown. It is thinner than the usual shells colored. 75c of this genus. 1" 1.00 138 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 65 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 139 1. Sunetta excavata, Hanley. West Aus- 9. Tellina staurella. Lam. Japan. A tralia. The shell is very shiny and only neat small form that ranges from pure faintly colored. Interior white. 1 1A" 50c white to vertical reddish stripes. 2" 50c 2. Circe scripta. Lam. About same size 10. Tellina L. as preceding shell, both valves are cov- virgata, Philippines. One ered with zigzag markings of brown on of the finest colored shells of the genus white. Interior only faintly colored. being well striped with reddish and 1V2" 50c white. 2"50c, 1.00 3. Circe rivularis, Brug. Philippines. 11. Pecten hindsii novarchus, Dall. An almost circular shell with ringed lines Sound. The true hindsii is pale and few faint blotches of color. Shell is Puget pink and this variety is lavender and depressed at umbones. Interior partly much rarer. 2" 1.00 covered with pinkish-lavender. \Vi" 50c very 4. unknown. Gulf of Cali- Species 12. Pecten gibbus amphicostatus, Dall. fornia. It has curved vertical ridges. Gulf of Mexico. Upper whorl is brown- Main color white blotches lower reddish, ish-black, lower, yellow. 2" 50c edge. Umbones curved. 2" 1.00 5. Spondylus acanthus, Mawe. Japan. 13. Pecten hericeus, Gld. Puget Sound. One of the small forms of this great .A handsome finely ridged shell of a rich genus the spines being mere pricks. Shell shade of pink color. 2" 50c has 3 vertical bands of reddish color on white background. 2" 1.50 14. Mactra eximia, Desh. Queensland. 6. Pecten pallium, L. Philippines. One A fine shell with stripes of faint brown- of the most beautifully colored shells of ish color. 2V2" 50c the genus, with often zigzag stripes of reddish-brown and white. 2" 1.50 15. Mactra trigonella. Lam. So. Aus- tralia. A triangular shell mostly un- 7. Dosinia victoriae. Gat. and Gab. colored, with just trace of brown on shell is with Australia. The finely ringed umbones. 2" 50c lines and has 4 vertical rows of brownish spots. 1%" 50c 16. Malleus albus. Lam. So. Australia. 8. Tellina scobinata, L. Philippines. These shells much resemble flat oysters The shell is completely covered with lines with wings, but some forms have no and chevron markings. Mostly uncolored. wings. This shell has short wings and is 2V4" 75c uncolored. 3" 1.00 140 CATALOG of RECENT MOLLUSCA PLATE 66 from ALL PARTS of THE WORLD 141 1. Vola alba. Lam. So. Australia. The 10. Tellina albinella. Lam. So. Aus- shell has flat ridges shaded with light tralia. The shell is thin and all red, even purple. Interior is lined with purplish darker inside. 1%" 50c brown. 2 1/2" 1.00 11. Callista kingi. Sow. Tasmania. A 2. Vola laqueatus. Sow. Japan. The richly colored shell with stripes of white shell has eight ridges on the flat valve and light black. Interior white. 1%" 50c and more on convex. Color pattern shade of brown. 2 Vz" 1.00 12. Callista planatella. Lam. West Aus- tralia. One of the finest of the genus with 3. Pecten bifrons. Lam. Australia. The natural polished ridges, shadings of shell is rich and even color purple deeper brown and white. 2" 1.00 inside. 2" 50c 3" 1.00 4. Pecten fulvicostatus, A&R. West 13. Paphia sulculosa, Phil. Queensland. Australia. The shell has 7 prominent ribs A richly marked shell with natural polish, and is covered with fine vertical lines. adorned with black and flesh colors. In- 2" 50c Of a brownish shade of color, the interior terior umbone section yellow. is lighter. 2" 50c 14. Cardium biagulatum. Sow. Gulf of 5. Pecten radula, L. Philippines. The California. A small shell of about 1", shell has about 12 vertical ribs. Upper with prominent vertical ribs and one end valve usually dotted with black and lower flat. 50c uncolored. 2" 50c 3" 1.00 15. Corbis Sowerbyi, Rve. West Aus- 6. Pecten circularis. Sow. Gulf of Cali- tralia and Philippines. I call it one of fornia. The type color is dark, but the the most beautiful of all bivalves. The specimen figured is what I call the red- circular elevated ridges are tipped with dish variety, being blotched with red and pink stripes. There are other bivalves yellow, lower valve may be all yellow. that approach it, but never exceed. Very variable, some shells showing much 2" and up 2.50 more red than others. 2" 1.00 16. Paphia turgida. Lam. Queensland. 7. Pecten squamatus, Gmel. Japan. The shell is richly marked with zigzag The shell ranges thru various colors, the markings, of shades of brown. Interior back often has flat spiney surface. has blotch of same. 1%" 50c " 1V2 50c 17. Tellina capsoides. Lam. West Aus- 8. Tellina elegans. Gray. Sicily. The tralia. The shell is almost entirely white, specimen figured is most all white with one end flattened, interior white. some shade of yellow. Very thin. 3" 1.00 1V2" 50c 9. Tellina salmonea, Rve. New Zea- 18. Waldhemia Flavescens, Lam. Tas- land. The umbones are red shading mania. A typical roundish Brachiapod lighter to edge. 2V4" 1.00 with faint ridges on lower half. IVa" 50c SHELL CABINETS forms in cabinets of drawers. A/TOST collectors keep their shells of moderate size and small ^ I give herewith a style I have found very useful. This and The cabinet is 60 inches high, 28 inches across the front and 24 inches deep. style 2 inches Then a size just makes 20 drawers as follows: 6 drawers 1% inches, 6 drawers deep. inches and 2 %th inch strip across front to strengthen. 6 drawers below the strip 2Vz deep will be drawers 4 inches deep. Have made of white-wood, well kiln dried. The drawers light to handle and will forever move freely. cabinet or built Large shell over 4 inches diameter it is best to place on shelves in a glass in walls. If specimens collect dust as they surely will, they can be washed as often as necessary their fine with warm water and if unusually dirty, use sapolio which will bring back original I best condition. I have had many types of cabinets but the above, arranged in tiers, found were for a private home. In museums, the problem is different, and they often use steel dustproof receptacles, which are of course more expensive. Suitable trays for specimens I have found to be of the following sizes: P/2 by 2 inches; 2 by 3 inches; 3 by 4 inches; 4 by 6 inches. Two of one size equals the next, and they fit nicely into any size drawer. The depth should be uniformly % inch. They can, when made, be covered with any colored paper desired, glazed or plain. Small or minute shells can be mounted in glass- topped boxes that are round or oblong, using very dark blue cotton. Another way which takes much less room, is shell vials, which can be made by almost any glass manufacturing concern. I have used 3 sizes only, all 50 mm. long, round bottom and they are universally called shell vials. Smallest size 8 mm. thick, next size 12 mm., third size 20 mm. These three sizes will hold almost anything you will want to put in vials. The labels should always be placed inside. I have always used cotton in place of corks, saves room in cabinets and protects shells. The main advantage of vials is they take up so little room. There are many genera of small shells of which you will only have five to a dozen species, perhaps all in the smallest vials. They will all go in a IVb inch tray. There may be a genus you will have 200 to 500 vials, and they can be conveniently arranged in trays alphabetically or nearly so. A tier of cabinets described above in Mr. Webb's Conchological den. There is another similar row to left. 143 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Acanthina lugubris, 45 Astraea modestum, 91 Acanthina spirata, 47 Astraea olivaceum, 117 Acmaea digitalis, 47 Astraea rugosum, 129 Acmaea incessa, 47 Astraea stellare, 91 Acmaea limatula, 47 Astraea sulcatum, 91 Acmaea, mitra, 53 Astraea triumphans, 91 Acmaea patina, 52 Astraea tuber, 17 Acmaea pelta, 47 Astraea undosa, 43 Acmaea scabra, 47 Astarte castanea, 21 Acmaea spectrum, 47 Astarte rollandi, 55 Alipurpurea centriiuga, 115 Astarte undata, 31 Amiantes callosa, 53 Auriculastrum pellucens, 23 Amphissa columbiana, 47 Amussium japonicum, 133 Barnea pacifica, 51 Ancilla albocallosa, 107 Barnea truncata, 37 Ancilla australis, 129 Botula falcata, 51 Ancilla glabrata, 129 Buccinum glacialis, 17 Ancilla marginata, 129 Buccinum undatum, 13 Ancilla mauritiana, 129 Bulla amygdala, 25 Ancilla rubiginosa, 129 Bulla occidentalis, 23 Ancilla urasia, 107 Bulla striatus, 13 Ancilla ventricosa, 129 Bulla tenuissima, 119 Anomia aculeata, 33 Anomia ephippium, 13 Callistochiton decorata, 49 Anomia simplex, 13 Calliostoma annulatum, 47 Anomalocardia brasiliana, 33 Calliostoma caniculatum, 13 Anomalocardia cuneimeris, 37 Calliostoma costatum, 47 Anomalocardia rostrata, 37 Calliostoma haliarchus, 125 Antigona simpsoni, 23 Calliostoma jujubum, 15 Apolymetis biangulata, 49 Calliostoma jujubum perspectivum, 25 Apolymetis meta, 49 Calliostoma meyeri, 125 Aporrhais occidentalis, 13 Calliostoma radicula, 27 Aca barbata, 37 Callista aurantiaca, 131 Area gradata, 37 Callista erycina, 131 Area inequalis, 33 Callista kingi, 141 Area incongrua, 21 Callista planatella, 141 Area noae, 33 Callistochiton pulchellus, 119 Area occidentalis, 33 Cancellaria cassidaeformis, 117 Area pexata, 33 Cancellaria cooperi, 45 Area ponderosa, 15 Cancellaria laticostata, 117 Area reticulata, 37 Cancellaria obesa, 107 Area secticostata, 21 Cancellaria reticulata, 27 Area transversa, 37 Cantharus cencellaria, 19 Area umbonata, 15 Cantharus erythrostoma, 117 Architectonica, see Solarium Cantharus gemmata, 109 Architectonica granulata, 19 Cantharus insignis, 107 Archobuccinum oregonensis, 45 Cantharus tinctus, 27 Argonauta argo, 13 Capulus californicus, 47 Argonauta hians, 103 Capulus hungaricus, 25 Asaphis coccinea, 33 Cardita floridana, 37 Asaphis deflorata, 33 Cardium auricula, 135 Astraea americana, 21 Cardium biangulatum, 141 Astraea brevispina, 17 Cardium cardissa, 135 Astraea buschi, 91 Cardium ciliatum, 55 Astraea caelata, 17 Cardium censors, 135 Astraea calcar, 91 Cardium corbis, 49 Astraea fimbriatum, 91 Cardium elatum, 131 Astraea imbricata, 17 Cardium flavum, 131 Astraea inermis, 91 Cardium groenlandicum, 55 Astraea longispina, 17 Cardium magnum, 31 145 146 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Cardium muricatum. 31 Circe divaricata, 137 Cardium oblongum, 135 Circe rivularis, 139 Cardium procerum, 131 Circe scripta, 137 Cardium ringens, 135 Clathrodrillia leucoyma, 23 Cardium rusticum, 131 Codakia orbiculata, 31 Cardium setosum, 131 Columbella mercatoria, 19 Cardium substriatum, 53 Columbella rusticoidea, 119 Cardium unedo, 135 Columbraria tortuosa, 95 Cassis abbreviata, 105 Columbrarium pagoda, 111 Cassis achatina, 117 Colus islandicus, 9 Cassis areola, 125 Colus pygmaeus, 27 Cassis bandatum, 119 Conus abbas, 69 Cassis bicarinata, 119 Conus achatinus, 67 Cassis bisulcata, 87 Conus amadis, 69 Cassis canaliculata, 87 Conus ammiralis, 67 Cassis coarctata, 87 Conus anemone, 109 Cassis cornuta, 85 Conus arenatus, 67 Cassis crumena, 125 Conus augur, 71 Cassis flammea, 5 Conus aulicus, 67 Cassis glauca, 85 Conus auratus, 67 Cassis inflata granulosa, 5 Conus aurantius, 69 Cassis inornata, 107 Conus aurisiacus, 67 Cassis japonica, 105 Conus betulinus, 67 Cassis pila, 117 Conus brazieri, 105 Cassis plicata, 119 Conus bullatus, 71 Cassis pyrum, 85 Conus californicus, 47 Cassis madagascarensis, 5 Conus cancellatus, 109 Cassis rufa, 85 Conus crocatus, 67 Cassis saburon, 87 Conus daucus, 39 Cassis semigranosa, 87 Conus eburneus, 109 Cassis strigata, 85 Conus elisae, 67 Cassis tenuis, 85 Conus floridanus, 15 Cassis testiculus, 5 Conus floccatus, 71 Cassis tuberosa, 5 Conus geographus, 69 Cassis turgida, 85 Conus glaucus, 71 Cassis vibex, 85 Conus gubernator, 67 Cassidaria echinophora, 113 Conus hebraeus, 71 Cavolina telemus, 23 Conus hebraeus vermiculatus, 71 Cavolina tridentata, 23 Conus imperialis, 71 Ceratostoma foliatum, 45 Conus imperialus fuscatus, 71 Ceratostoma nuttalli, 43 Conus interruptus, 109 Cerithium algicola, 19 Conus ione, 121 Cerithium atratum, 39 Conus kiiensis, 105 Cerithium ebenus, 27 Conus lithoglyphus, 69 Cerithium minimus nigrescens, 21 Conus magus, 67 Cerithidea californica, 47 Conus magus raphanus, 67 Chaetopleura apiculata, 21 Conus mercator, 67 Chaetopleura gemma, 49 Conus miles, 67 Chama congregata, 23 Conus minimus, 71 Chama exogyra, 47 Conus monile, 67 Chama lobata, 135 Conus mus, 15 Chama macerophila, 31-35 Conus mustellinus, 67 Chama pellucida, 51 Conus nebulosus, 39 Chama variegata, 37 Conus nocturnus, 67 Chenopus pes-pelicani, 121 Conus omaria, 109 Chione cancellata, 15 Conus orbignyi, 109 Chione fluctifraga, 53 Conus papilionaceus, 71 Chione interpurpurea, 37 Conus peali, 19 Chione latilirata, 39 Conus pennaceus, 109 Chione paphia, 33 Conus planorbis, 109 Chione simillina, 53 Conus pontificalis, 71 Chione succincta, 53 Conus princeps lineolatus, 69 Chiton squamosus, 21 Conus proteus, 7 Chiton tuberculatus, 119 Conus purpurascens, 127 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 147 Conus quercinus, 109 Cypraea decipiens, 109 Conus regularis, 109 Cypraea exanthema, 17 Conus retifer, 109 Cypraea hungerfordi, 109 Conus rubiginosus, 67 Cypraea Isabella, 79 Conus siamensis, 67 Cypraea Isabella controversa, 79 Conus sieboldi, 67 Cypraea Isabella limpida, 79 Conus spectrum, 67 Cypraea Isabella Mexicana, 79 Conus striatus, 71 Cypraea leucostoma, 79 Conus sulcatus, 71 Cypraea lynx, 81 Conus suratensis, 71 Cypraea mappa, 79 Conus telatus, 69 Cypraea mauritiana, 79 Conus tessellatus, 71 Cypraea moneta, 81 Conus textile, 69 Cypraea ocellata, 81 Conus thalassiarchus, 69 Cypraea onyx, 81 Conus tulipa, 69 Cypraea pantherina, 79 Conus vexillum, 71 Cypraea pantherina albonitens, 79 Conus verrucosus, 23 Cypraea pantherina obtusa, 79 Conus verrucosus stricticus, 19 Cypraea pantherina syringa, 79 Conus zonatus, 69 Cypraea pantherina theriaca, 79 Corbis sowerbyi, 141 Cypraea scotti, 81 Corbula sulculosa, 135 Cypraea scurra, 81 Crassatella kingicola, 131 Cypraea spadicea, 45 Crepidula aculeata, 19 Cypraea spurca, 25 Crepidula fornicata, 19 Cypraea stolida, 81 Crepidula glauca, 27 Cypraea subviridis, 81 Crepidula onyx, 47 Cypraea talpa, 79 Crepidula onyx rugosa, 47 Cypraea tessellata, 81 Crepidula plana, 25 Cypraea testudinaria, 79 Crucibulum imbricatum, 117 Cypraea tigris, 79 Crucibulum spinosum, 52 Cypraea umbilicata, 79 Cryptochiton stellari, 45 Cypraea undata, 81 Cryptomya californica, 57 Cypraea ventriculus, 109 Cuspidaria costellata, 13 Cypraea vitellus, 81 Cuma coronata, 107 Cypraea walked, 109 Cyclina chinensis, 135 Cypraea xanthodon, 109 Cymatium cutaceum, 95 Cyprina islandica, 29 Cymatium doliarum, 95 Cyrena floridana, 19 Cymatium dunkeri, 115 Cyrtodora siliqua, 29 Cymatium exilis, 95 Cytherea chemnitzi, 131 Cymatium grandimaculatum, 95 Cytherea hebraea, 17 Cymatium gutternum, 115 Cymatium kleineri, 105 Delphinula atacta, 107 Cymatium rubecula, 109 Dentalium pretiosum, 53 Cymatium scabrum, 95 Dentalium vernedei, 121 Cymatium spengleri, 95 Desmoulea abbreviata, 113 Cymatium tigrinus, 95 Desmoulea retusa, 113 Cymatium tritornis, 95 Diadora alternata, 37 Cymatium vespaceum, 109 Distorsio anus, 117 Cymatium weigmani, 109 Distorsio clathrata, 27 Cymbium porcinum, 85 Distorsio constrictus, 117 Cymbium proboscidale, 85 Divaricella dentata, 23 Cypraea arabica, 79 Divaricella quadrisulcata, 37 Cypraea arabica reticulata, 79 Dolium pomum, 111 Cypraea argus, 81 Dolium ringens, 111 Cypraea arenosa, 109 Dolium canaliculata, 103 Cypraea caput-serpentis, 81 Dolium galea, 13 Cypraea carneola, 109 Dolium perdix, 9 Cypraea caurica, 79 Dolium equals Tonna. Cypraea cervus, 17 Donax californica, 53 Cypraea cervinetti, 127 Donax gouldi, 53 Cypraea cineria, 25 Donax variabilis, 23 Cypraea cribraria, 89 Dosinia discus, 33 Cypraea cruenta, 81 Dosinia circinaria, 137 Cypraea cylindrica, 81 Dosinia juvenilis, 137 148 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Dosinia ponderosa, 137 Haliotis rugoso plicata, 129 Druopa horrida, 109 Haminoea elegans, 23 Haminoea solitaria, 23 Eburna areolata. 113 Haminoea succinea, 23 Eburna japonica. 113 Harpa articularis, 101 Eburna lutosa, 113 Harpa conoidalis, 101 Eburna spiratus, 113 Harpa costata, 101 Eburna valentianus, 113 Harpa imperialis, 101 Echinella coronaria, 119 Harpa minor, 115 Echinella nodulosa, 19 Harpa nobilis. 115 Echinochama arcinella, 39 Heterdonax bimaculatus, 49 Engina turbinella, 21 Hinnites giganteus, 51 Ensis americana. 33 Hipponyx antiquatus, 23 Ensis californica, 47 Hippopus maculatus, 135 Ensis directus, 33 Hysteroconcha lupinaria, 137 Epitomium angulatum, 23 Hysteroconcha rosea, 137 Epitomium crenatoides, 53 Epitomium hindsii, 53 Iphgenia braziliana, 33 Epitomium lineatum, 23 Ishnochiton canosus, 119 Epitomium pretiosa, 129 Ishnochiton conspicuus, 49 Entodesma saxicola, 53 Ishnochiton clathratus, 49 Euglandina rosea, 13 Ishnochiton contractus, 119 Eugyrina subdistorta, 125 Ishnochiton floridana, 25 Eupleura caudata, 23 Ishnochiton lineolatus, 119 Ishnochiton magdalensis, 45 Fasciolaria distans, 7 Ishnochiton mertensi, 49 Fasciolaria fusiformis, 67 Ishnochiton proteus, 121 Fasciolaria gigantea, 11 Ishnochiton regularis, 49 Fasciolaria princeps. 1 1 Ishnochiton torrei, 119 Fasciolaria tulipa, 5 Ishnochiton tricostalis, 119 Ficus papyratia, 7 Ishnochiton virgatus, 121 Fissurella alternata, 25 Fissurella barbadensis, 19 Janthina exigua, 25 Fissurella edititia, 19 Janthina globosa, 21 Fissurella fasicularia, 15 I Fissurella listeri, 25 Katherina tunicata, 45 Fissurella nodosa, 25 Fulgar canaliculata, 7 Laevicardium mortoni, 37 Fulgar eliceans, 7 Laqueus californicus, 49 Fulgar perversa, 7 Latiaxis japonica, 109 Fulgar pyrum, 7 Latiaxis lischkeana, 121 Fuscosurcula mirabilis, 115 Latiaxis mawae, 87 Fusus dupetithouarsi, 107 Latiaxis pagoda, 121 Fusus laticostata, 115 Latirus belcheri, 121 Fusinus luteopictus, 49 Latirus castanea, 107 Latirus cingulatus, 117 Glottidea albida, 51 Latirus inl'undibulum, 21 Glycymeris americana, 39 Latirus nassatulus, 1 1 1 Glycymeris pectinata, 37 Latirus polygonus, 1 1 1 Glycymeris subobsoleta, 49 Latirus prismaticus, 105 Gnathodon cuneata, 33 Latirus turritus, 107 Lepidochiton marmorea, 21 H.ilia pr ianus, 65 Leucozonia cingulifera, 13 Haliotis asinina, 129 Leucozonia ocellata, 25 Haliotis cracherodi, 43 Lima inflata, 31 Haliotis cyclobates, 105 Lima lima, 31 Haliotis emmar, 105 Lima scabra, 31 Haliotis fulgens, 105 Lima squamosa, 31 Haliotis glabra, 105 Lima tenera, 33 Haliotis gigantea. 129 Lioconcha castrensis, 137 Haliotis japonica, 129 Lioconcha hieroglyphicula, 137 Haliotis midae, 129 Lioconcha picta, 137 H;iliotis rufescens, 43 Lioconcha tigrina, 137 Haliotis pulcherrima, 129 Lischkei argenteonitens, 125 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 149 Lithophaga bisulcatum, 23 Mitra glabra, 105 Lithophaga caribaea, 37 Mitra hanleyana, 105 Lithophaga nigra, 21 Mitra intermedia, 107 Lithophaga plumula, 47 Mitra plicaria, 105 Littorina angulifera, 19 Mitra plicata, 105 Littorina irrorata, 19 Mitra sanguisuga, 105 Littorina littorea, 19 Modiola arborescens, 23 Littorina obtusata, 23 Modiola capax, 57 Littorina palliata, 23 Modiola demissus, 21 Littorina zigzag, 19 Modiola modiolus, 33 Livonia pica, 9 Modiola opofix, 33 Loripinus chrysostoma, 29 Modiola papyria, 23 Loripinus edentula, 29 Modiola plicatula, 29 Lucapina adspersa, 25 Modiola rectus, 51 Lucapina callomarginata, 53 Modiola tulipa, 33 Lucapina cancellata, 53 Modulus floridana, 23 Lucina californica, 53 Moniliopsis incisa ophioderma, 47 Lucina exasperata, 131 Moniliopsis pencillata, 47 Lucina jamaicensis, 31 Mopalia ciliata, 49 Lucina nassula, 23 Mopalia cil. wossnessneckeri, 49 Lucina pennsylvanica, 31 Mopalia muscosa, 49 Lyonsia californica, 53 Morum oniscus, 21 Lyonsia floridana, 23 Mulinia lateralis, 23 Mulinia lat. corbuloides, 23 Macoma balthica, 23 Murex aduncus, 59 Macoma constricta, 37 Murex adustus, 61 Macoma fusca, 23 Murex anguliferous, 61 Macoma inconspicua, 55 Murex axicornis, 65 Macoma indentata, 53 Murex bicolor, 65 Macoma inquinata, 51 Murex brandaris, 63 Macoma nasuta, 57 Murex brassica, 65 Macoma secta, 49 Murex cabritti, 15 Macrocallista gigantea, 29 Murex clavus, 63 Macrocallista maculata, 29 Murex cornutus, 59 Macron aethiops kelletti, 45 Murex denudatus, 115 Macron lividus, 49 Murex elegans, 59 Mactra eximia, 139 Murex elongatus, 61 Mactra fragilis, 37 Murex endivia, 59 Mactra obesa, 131 Murex eurypteron, 121 Mactra planulata, 57 Murex festivus, 43 Mactra trigonella, 139 Murex fulvescens, 15 Malleus albus, 139 Murex gemma, 47 15 Murex 61 Margaritifera radiata, \^ haustellum, Marginalia apicina, 23 Murex hexagonus, 39 Martesia cunaeformis, 13 Murex martinianus, 63 Megalotractus proboscidifera 111 Murex megacerus, 65 Megathura crenulata, 45 Murex messorius, 15 Melampus bidentatus, 23 Murex modesta, 121 Melampus coffeus, 19 Murex motacilla, 115 Melampus lineatus, 23 Murex nigrospinosus, 63 Melo aethiopica, 77 Murex occa, 61 Melo diadema, 77 Murex palmarosea, 57 Melo flammea, 107 Murex penchinati, 121 Melo indica, 77 Murex pinnatus, 63 Melo regia, 77 Murex phlorator, 61 Melongena corona, 9-15 '" Murex plicatus, 63 Melongena corona belknapi, 27 Murex pliciferous, 61 Melongena galeodes, 117 Murex pomum, 15 Melongena melongena, 17 Murex princeps, 59 Melongena paradisica, 77 Murex ramosus, 65 Meretrix petechialis, 137 Murex radix nigritus, 59 Meretrix tripla, 137 Murex recurvirostris, 115 Mitre chrysalis, 107 Murex regius, 65 Mitra filaris, 105 Murex rufus, 15 150 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Murex rufus floril'er, 35 Oliva ispidula, 105 Murex salebrosus, 65 Oliva kaleontana, 97 Murex salleanus, 27 Oliva litterata. 15 Murex saxatilis, 59 Oliva mauritiana, 97 Murex spinicostata, 15 Oliva mustellina, 97 Murex spinosus, 65 Oliva ornata, 97 Murex stainfurthi, 59 Oliva peruviana, 105 Murex tenuispina, 63 Oliva pindarina, 97 Murex ternispina, 63 Oliva porphyretica. 97 Murex torrefactus, 61 Oliva reticularis, 15 Murex triformis, 115 Oliva r. olorinella, 15 Murex triqueter, 63 Oliva sanguinolenta, 97 Murex troscheli, 127 Oliva sericea, 97 Muricidae multangula, 19 Oliva spicata, 97 Mya arenaria, 33 Oliva spicata melcheri, 97 Mya cancellata, 53 Oliva tessellata, 97 Mytilimeria nuttalli, 51 Oliva tremulina, 97 Mytilis adamsiana, 47 Oliva tricolor, 97 Mytilis californica, 49 Oliva tigrina, 97 Mytilis exustus, 19 Oliva venulata, 97 Mytilis hamatus, 33 Olivancillaria acuminata, 105 Mytilis perna, 19 Olivancillaria auricularia, 105 Mytilis recurva, 33 Olivancillaria braziliana, 105. Olivancillaria cauta, 105 Nassa ambigua, 19 Olivancillaria gibbosa, 105 Nassa consensa, 23 Olivancillaria steerae, 105 Nassa fossata, 47 Olivancillaria subulata, 105 Nassa obsoleta, 19 Olivella biplicata, 47 Nassa perpinguis, 49 Olivella nivea, 23 Nassa tegula, 47 Ostrea cristata, 21 Nassa trivitata, 23 Ostrea foliata, 21 Nassa vibex, 19 Ostrea Irons, 21 Nassarius magnifica, 117 Ostrea lurida, 51 Natica aleutica, 53 Ostrea permollis, 37 Natica canrena, 17 Ovula intermedia, 17 Natica clausa, 27 Ovula ovum, 103 Natica, marcoana, 23 Ovula volva, 121 Natica pusilla, 23 Nautilus pompileus. 111 Pachydesma stultorum. 53 Neptunea decemcostata, 17 Pandora filosa, 59 Nerita peleronta, 13 Paphridea spinosum, 57 Nerita tessellata, 19 Paphia laterisculca, 137 Nerita versicilor, 19 Paphia litterata, 137 Neritina picta, 19 Paphia papilionacea, 137 Neritina punctulata, 25 Paphia sulcosa, 141 Neritina pupa, 19 Paphia turgida, 141 Neritina reclivata, 19 Patella caerulea, 123 NVntina virginea, 19 Patella cretacea, 123 Norrissia norrisi, 45 Patella ferruginea, 123 Nucula proxima, 21 Patella granatina, 123 Nut-iilana acuta, 21 Patella granularis, 123 Nuculana concentrica, 33 Patella kermadacensis, 123 Nuttallina californica, 49 Patella longicosta, 123 Patella neglecta, 123 Oliva anuulata, 97 Patella nigrosquamosa, 123 Oliva arenosa, 97 Patella oculus, 123 < )liva annulata, 97 Patt-lla plumbea, 123 Oliva, bulbosa, 105 Patella radians, 123 Oliva caerulea, 97 Patella testudinaria, 123 Oliva circinata, 97 Patella transmerica, 105 Oliva elegans, 97 Pecten bifrons, 141 Oliva erythrostoma, 97 Pecten circularis, 47 Oliva evania, 97 Pecten exasperatus, 35 Oliva fumosa, 97 Pecten fulvicostatus, 141 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 151 Pecten gibbus, 15 Ranella albivaricosa, 87 Pecten g. amphicostatus, 139 Ranella bufonia, 87 Pecten hericeus, 47 Ranella californica, 43 Pecten hinsii novarchus, 139 Ranella corrugata, 121 Pecten irradians, 15 Ranella crumena, 87 Pecten islandicus, 33 Ranella granifera, 87 Pecten is. beringiana, 55 Ranella gyrina, 87 Pecten jordani, 55 Ranella lampas, 87 Pecten latiauritus monotimeris, 41 Ranella pulchra, 83 Pecten muscosus, 35 Ranella ranelloides, 117 Pecten nodosus, 29 Ranella rhodostoma, 87 Pecten pallium, 139 Ranella spinosa, 87 Pecten radula, 141 Rangia cuneata, 33 Pecten singaporensis, 121 Rupellaria typicum, 37 Pecten squamatus, 141 Pecten tegula, 133 Sanguinolaria nuttalli, 57 Pecten trigris, 133 Saxicava arctica, 33 Pectenculus maculata, 131 Saxicava rugosa, 33 Pectenculus equals Glycymeris Saxidomus nuttalli, 51 Pedalion alata, 31 Searlesia dira, 47 Pedalion bicolor, 21 Scalaria see Epitomium Pedalion chemnitziana, 37 Scutus ambiguus, 123 Periploma discus, 55 Semele bella-striata, 23 Periploma planiuscula, 53 Semele decisa, 53 Petricola carditoides, 53 Semele orbiculata, 37 Petricola pholadiformis, 37 Semele proficus, 37 Pholadidea ovoidea, 57 Semele purpurascens, 37 Pholadidea parva, 51 Semele rupicola, 47 Pholas costata, 13 Semele rubropicta, 57 Phos candei, 27 Septifer bifurcatus, 49 Pinna rigida, 39 Serpulorbis decussata, 37 Pinna seminuda, 33 Siliqua patula, 57 Pinna serrata, 33 Siliquaria see Tenegodus Pisania pusio, 21 Simnia uniplicata, 19 Pitar fulminata, 39 Sinum debile, 53 Planaxis nucleus, 19 Sinum perspectivum, 27 Platycodon cancellata, 57 Siphonalia cassidiformis, 105 Pleurotomaria hirasei, 103 Siphonalia filosus, 121 Plicatula gibbosa, 37 Siphonalia fusoides, 121 Plicatula spondyloidea, 33 Siphonalia, nodosa, 117 Pododesmus decipiens, 21 Siphonalia pallida, 109 Pododesmus macrochisma, 51 Siphonalia spadicea, 121 Polinices bicolor, 105 Siphonalia trochula, 105 alternata Polinices duplicata, 15 Siphonaria brunnea, 19 19 Polinices heros, 21 Siphonaria lineolata, Solarium 125 Polinices lactea, 23 maxima, Solen rosaceus, 117 Polinices lewisii, 43 Soletellina 135 Polinices reciuziana, 45 biradiata, Spirula spirula, 25 Psammobia californica, 53 Spondylus americana, 29-55 Pseudomelatoma moesta, 47 Spondylus acanthus, 139 Pteria colymbus, 33 Spondylus avicularis, 133 Pterocera aurantia, 93 Spondylus coccineus, 127 Pterocera 93 elongata, Spondylus crassisquama, 133 Pterocera 93 lambis, Spondylus, ducalis, 133 Pterocera millepeda, 93 Spondylus gaederopus, 133 Pterocera rugosa, 93 Spondylus gussoni, 35 Pterocera scorpio, 93 Spondylus hystrix, 133 Pterocera violacea, 93 Spondylus japonica, 127 Pusionella nifat, 113 Spondylus nicobarica, 133 Pyramidella crenulata, 23 Stenochiton longicymba, 119 Pyramidella dolobrata, 23 Strigilla carinaria, 33 Strombus auris dianae, 83 Raeta canaliculata, 31 Strombus bituberculatus, &l 152 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Strombus campbelli, 83 Terebra monilis, 101 Strumbus canarium, 83 Terebra protexta, 19 Strombus costatus, 7 Terebra oculata, 101 Strombus epidromus, 107 Terebra pretiosa, 101 Strombus fasciata, 83 Terebra pulchella, 101 Strombus floridus, 83 Terebra robusta, 127 Strombus galeatus, 83 Terebra strigata, 127 Strombus gibberulus, 109 Terebra strigillata, 101 Strombus gigas, 5 Terebra triseriata, 101 Strombus gracilior, 93 Terebralia occidentalis, 51 Strombus granulatus, 83 Terebratalia transversum, 51 Strombus Isabella, 125 Terebratella rubicunda, 107 Strombus japonica, 125 Terebratulina caput-serpentis, 13 Strombus latissimus, 83 Thais bufo, 121 Strombus lentiginosus, 87 Thais deltoides, 21 Strombus luhuanus, 93 Thais floridana, 13 Strombus marginatus, 107 Thais emarginata, 47 Strombus mauritiana, 125 Thais haustrum, 125 Strombus, melanastoma, 125 Thais lamellosa, 47V Strombus minimus, 83 Thais lapillus, 17 Strombus pugilis, 17 Thais lima, 47 Strombus succinctus, 83 Thais mancinella, 125 Strombus thersites, 83 Thais patula, 9 y Strombus variabilis, 83 Thais pica, 125 Sunetta excavata, 139 Thais rudolphi, 125 Sunetta scripta, 137 Thais succincta, 125 Surculites carpenteriana, 45 Thais textilosa, 103 s Thais tuberculata, 117 Tagelus californianus, 49 Thais undata, 39 s Tagelus divisus, 37 Thatcheri mirabilis, 103 Tagelus subteres, 51 Thracia beringi, 55 Tapes see Paphia Thracia curta, 53 Tectarias muricatus, 19 Tibia curvirostris, 111 Tectarias pagodus, 103 Tivela stultorum, 53 Tegula aureotincta, 47 Tonna see Dolium Tegula brunnea, 47 Tonicella hartwegi, 49 Tegula excavata, 21 Tonicella lineata, 45 Tegula funebralis, 43 Tridacna, crocea, 127 Tegula fasciatus, 19 Tridacna squamosa, 127 Tegula ligulata, 47 Transanella conradina, 23 Tellina albinella, 141 Trichotropis cancellata, 49 Tcllina aurora, 37 Triton aquatilis, 27 Tellina capsoides, 141 Triton femorale, 7 Tellina elegans, 141 Triton nobilis, 5 Tellina idae, 55 Triton olearum, 7 Tellina interrupta Mexicana, 37 Triton tuberosum, 15 Tellina lineata, 19 Triton see Cymatium Tellina radiata, 31 Tritonalia cellulosa, 19 Tellina r. unimaculata, 31 Tritonalia circumtexta, 47 Tellina saya, 23 Tritonalia poulsoni, 43 Tellina salmonea, 141 Trivea pediculus, 19 Tellina scobinata, 139 Trophon craticulatus, 23 Tellina staurella, 139 Trophon triangulatus, 47 Tellina virgata, 139 Turbinella scolymus, 5 Tenegodus anguina, 119 Tudicle spinosa, 115 Tenegodus weldii, 107 Turbo argyrostoma, 89 Terebra concava vinosa, 19 Turbo castaneus, 23 Terebra chlorata, 107 Turbo c. crenulatus, 21 Terebra cingulata, 101 Turbo coronata, 109 Terebra cingulil'i-ra, 101 Turbo chrysostoma, 91 Terebra crenulata, 101 Turbo cornutus, 89 T< : ebra dislocata, 27 Turbo fluctuosus, 91 Trrebra hastata, 23 Turbo gruneri, 107 Terebra maculata, 101 Turbo imperialis, 89 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 153 Turbo intercostalis, 91 Venus mercenaria, 29 Turbo lamellosus, 89 Venus notata, 29 Turbo lugubris, 91 Venus texana, 29 Turbo marmoratus, 89 Verconella pyrulata, 107 Turbo natalensis, 89 Vermetus filosus, 119 Turbo petholatus, 89 Vermetus nigra, 105 Turbo porphy rites, 109 Vermetus nigricans, 15 Turbo radiatus, 91 Vermetus novahollandiae, 119 Turbo sarmaticus, 91 Vermetus radicula, 27 Turbo setonis, 103 Vermetus sipho, 107 Turbo setosus, 91 Vermicularia spirata, 9 Turbo smaragdus, 91 Vola alba, 141 Turbo stenogyra, 121 Vola laqueata, 141 Turbo stramineus, 89 Vola maxima, 133 Turbo tessellatus, 93 Voluta ancilla, 75 Turbo ticaonicus, 89 Voluta angulata, 73 Turbo torquatus, 89 Voluta braziliana, 75 Turbo undulatus, 93 Voluta bullata, 75 Turcicia coreansis, 125 Voluta cancellata, 115 Turcicia crumpi, 125 Valuta caroli, 77 Turris bijubata, 113 Voluta cumingii, 115 Turris coffea, 113 Voluta cymbiola, 75 Turris cosmoi, 121 Voluta davisii, 115 Turris crispa, 107 Voluta delessertiana, 77 Turris fascialis, 121 Voluta delicata, 115 Turris fusca, 113 Voluta elliotti, 75 Turris grandis, 113 Voluta festiva, 75 Turris granosa, 107 Voluta fulgetrum, 73 Turris javana, 113 Voluta fusiformis, 73 Turris kaderlyi, 107 Voluta gatliffi, 75 Turris muricata, 113 Voluta harpa, 73 Turris unedo, 107 Voluta hebraea, 77 Turritella attenuata, 99 Voluta hirasei, 127 Turritella bacillum, 99 Voluta imperialis, 73 Turritella bicingulata, 99 Voluta junonia, 7 Turritella broderipiana, 99 Voluta lyriformis, 77 Turritella cingulata, 99 Voluta maculata, 77 Turritella columnaris, 99 Voluta magnifica, 73 Turritella cooperi, 47 Voluta mamilla, 73 Turritella duplicata, 99 Voluta mentiens, 115 Turritella flammulata, 121 Voluta mitraeformis, 77 Turritella goniostoma, 99 Voluta musica, 73 Turritella maculata, 99 Voluta pacifica, 73 Turritella nodulosa, 99 Voluta papillosa, 75 Turritella terebra, 99 Voluta piperita, 73 Turritella tigrina, 107 Voluta prevostiana, 75 Turritella vittata, 99 Voluta pulchra, 115 Tydolina fungiana, 47 Voluta ruckeri, 75 Voluta rupestris, 127 cinerea, 19 Urosalpinx Voluta scapha, 77 Mexicana, 25 Urosalpinx Voluta undulata, 75 Urosalpinx tampaensis, 19 Voluta undulata angasi, 77 Vasum capitellum, 113 Voluta vespertilip, 73 Vasum cassidiformis, 113 Voluta vexillum, 75 Vasum ceramicum, 113 Voluta virescens, 7 Vasum cornigerum, 113 Voluta zebra, 77 Vasum muricatum, 15 Volutharpa haysiana, 49 Venericardia barborensis, 47 Waldhemia flavescens, 141 Venerupis lamellifera, 37 Venerupis straminea, 53 Xenophora cochyliophorus, 9 Venus alboradiata, 29 Xenophora pallidula, 103 Venus campeachensis, 29 Yoldia limatula, 33 Venus guiidia, 137 Venus lamellata, 137 Zirfaea crispata, 13 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES Abbreviated Turbine, 17 Brown Crown Shell, 17 Adams Mussel, 47 Brown Rock-eating Mussel, 23 Agate Chama, 51 Brown Vola, 35 African Murex, 59 Bulls-eye, 15 African Horned Murex, 59 Bullmouth, 85 Aladdin Lamp, 33 Buttercup, 29 Alphabet Cone, 7 American Turbine, 21 Calico Scallop, 15 Ancient Hoof Shell, 52 Calico Shell, 29 Angel-wing, 13 Calico Top Shell, 19 Angular Dog Whelk, 33 California Cap Shell. 47 Angular Murex, 61 California Chiton, 49 Angular Triton, 7 California Cone, 47 Angular Unicorn Shell, 47 California Calf Cowry, 81 Angular Wentletrap, 23 California Frog Shell, 45 Angular Winkle, 19 California Horn Shell, 47 Arabian Cowry, 79 California Lamp Shell, 43 Apple Murex, 15 California Lions Shell, 53 Arctic Bulls-eye, 53 California Lucine, 53 Arctic Saxicave, 33 California Mussel, 49 California Razor Clam, 47 Baby Bonnet, 5 California Soft-shell Clam, 47 Baby Bulls-eye, 23 California Wedge Shell, 53 Beby Ear, 37 Cameo Shell, 85 Baby Giant Clam, 127 Canoe Shell, 19 Bailer Shell, 77 Carpenters Tower Shell, 45 Band Shell, 11 Cask Shell, 111 Banded Chione, 53 Cats Paw, 33 Banded Pink Murex, 65 Channelled Cask Shell, 13 Banded Spiney Murex, 63 Channelled Dog Whelk, 19 Banded Thais, 21 Channelled Top Shell, 13 Banded Tulip. 7 Channelled Whelk, 17 Banded Wentletrap, 23 Checked Hairy Shell, 49 Basket Cockle, 49 Checked Soft-shell Clam, 53 Bat Volute, 73 Chestnut Cowry, 45 Bearded Cockle, 33 Chinese Murex, 63 Big Saddle, 13 Circular Bulls-eye, 21 Bird Shell, 37 Circular Rock Shell, 47 Black Abalone, 43 Clear Ear Shell, 23 Black Ark, 15 Clipped Semile, 53 Black and White Nerita, 19 Cockle, 31 Black Asiatic Murex, 61 Coffee Shell, 15 Black Dog Whelk, 19 Coiled Worm Shell, 37 Black Horn Shell, 21 Collectors Shell, 9 Black Horse Mussel, 57 Columbian Amphissa, 47 Black Katy, 45 Comb Shell, 37 Black Lace Murex, 15 Common Bulls-eye, 15 Black Murex, 59 Common Chiton, 21 Black Mussel, 33 Common Cockle, 31 Black Oyster, 21 Common Mussel, 33 Black Planaxis, 19 Common Purpura, 13 Black Rock Borer, 21 Common Scallop, 15 Black Top Shell, 43 Common Whelk, 13 Black Top Thais, 47 Common Winkle, 19 Black Tip Murex, 63 Constricted Macoma, 37 Bleeding Tooth, 13 Conspicuus Chiton, 49 Bloody Ark, 33 Coon Oyster, 21 Blue Abalone, 43 Coopers Cancellaria, 45 Branch Ribbed Mussel, 49 Coquina, 23 Branded Murex, 63 Corrugated Turbine, 17 Brown Astarte, 21 Cup and Saucer Shell, 52 154 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 155 Curved Mussel, 33 Great Conch, 55 Great Heart, 31 Dark False Limpet, 19 Great Horse Mussel, 47 Decorative Chiton, 49 Great Keyhole Limpet, 45 Dentate Divaricella, 23 Great Piddock, 13 Doleful Tower Shell, 47 Great Scallop, 133 Dotted Cone, 67 Great Tivela, 53 Dotted Volute, 7 Great White Lucine, 31 Drill Shell, 19 Green Snail, 89 Duck-foot, 13 Greenish Yoldia, 33 Dwarf Winkle, 23 Greenland Cockle, 55 Dye Shell, 9 Greenland Venus, 49 Green Top Shell, 21 Eastern Thorny Oyster, 29-35 East India Clam, 135 Hairy Ark, 37 Egg Shell, 103 Hairy Chiton, 49 Eyed Cowry, 81 Hairy Triton, 7 Egg-shell Cockle, 53 Hard-edge Limpet, 53 Eggs Fasciolaria distans, 53 Hartwegs Chiton, 49 Eggs Fulgar canaliculata, 23 Hat Shell, 31 Eggs Murex festivus, 23 Heart-shaped Rock-dweller, 53 Eggs Ranella affine, 23 Hooked Peapod Shell, 51 Elegant Venus, 33 Horse Conch, 11 False Ark, 37 Iceland Scallop, 33 False Limpet, 19 Idas Telline, 55 False Wavey Chione, 53 Imperial Cone, 71 Fan Shell, 33 Imperial Turbo, 89 Fat Dog Whelk, 49 Indented Macoma, 53 Festive Rock Shell, 43 Inflated File Shell, 31 Fig Shell, 7 Ivory Shell, 113 Fighting Conch, 17 Ivory Bulls-eye, 23 File 47 Limpet, Jamaica 39 Fine-lined 33 Lucine, Artemus, 127 47 Japanese Thorny Oyster, Finger Limpet, Jewel 31-35 Flat File 31 Box, Shell, Jordans 55 Flat Razor Clam, 57 Scallop, Flat Mactra, 57 Kelletts Macron, 45 Florida Cone, 15 Keyhole Limpet, 19 Florida Drill Shell, 19 Kid Conch, 27 Florida Rock Dweller, 37 Kieners Cowry, 127 Florida Staircase Shell, 19 King Helmet, 5 Florida Weaver Shell, 19 Knobby Cingula, 13 Fluted 17 Turbine, Laminated Rock 57 Foliated 21 Venus, Oyster, 5 Clam, 23 Lamp Shell, Fragile Hornmouth, 45 Mactra, 27 Leafy Fragile Left-handed Chama, 23 Fragile Worm Shell, 37 Left-handed Fulgar, 7 Frail Bubble Shell, 23 Lettered Olive, 15 Frail Bulls-eye, 53 Lewis's Bulls-eye, 43 Shell, 87 Frog Lined 21 Fringed White Murex, 61 Dog Whelk, Lined 15 Furbelow Clam, 127 Murex, Lions Paw, 29 Gem Chiton, 49 Little Augur, 19 Gemmed Rock Shell, 47 Little Black Mussel, 21 Gem Shell, 23 Little Brown Mussel, 19 Giant Macoma, 49 Little Cardium, 37 Gilded Top Shell, 47 Little Cap, 23 Glacial Whelk, 17 Little Cats Eye, 23 Globe Purple Snail, 21 Little Chiton, 21 Goldmouth, 91 Little Dipper, 13 Goulds Wedge Shell, 53 Little False Murex, 19 Granular Cassis, 5 Little File, 33 Great Cap, 23 Little Keyhole Limpet, 37 156 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES Little Lucine, 23 Oval Piddock, 51 Little Macoma. 55 Pacific Piddock, 51 Little Mottled Venus. 37 111 Little Nautilus. 37 Pagoda Shell, Painted 21 Little Olive. 15 Chiton, Painted 47 Little Piddock, 13 Spindle, Shell, 7 Little Clam. 19 Paper Fig Purple 23 Little Purse Shell. 21 Paper Mussel, 13 Little Razor Clam. 37 Paper Nautilus, Panther 79 Little Red Murex. 15 Cowry, 9 Little Red Telline. 19 Partridge Shell, Pearly Monia, 51 Little Spindle. 25 Peals Cone, 19 Little Violet Snail. 53 Pear 7 Little Whelk, 17 Fulgar, Pearl Shell, 89 Little White Ark, 21 31 Little White Cone. 25 Pennsylvania Lucine, Livid Macron, 47 Periwinkle, 19 Pholos in Rock, 51 Lurid Oyster, 51 Pink-colored Nerita, 19 Lynx Cowry, 81 Pink Murex, 65 Magdalena Bay Chiton. 45 Pilsbrys Volute, 127 Magpie, 9 Pink Scallop, 47 Map Cowry, 79 Pisa Shell, 21 Martins Murex, 63 Plate Limpet, 52 Marlinspike, 101 Plicate Murex, 63 Medium Ark, 49 Plicate Mussel, 29 Mertons Chiton, 49 Pointed Nuculana, 21 Mexican Telline, 37 Pointed Venus, 37 Micromac Cowry. 17 Polluted Macoma, 51 Milk Strombus, 7 Poulsons Rock Shell, 43 Mole Cowry. 79 Prescious Tusk Shell, 53 Money Cowry, 81 Princess Murex, 59 Mossy Ark, 15 Prickly Slipper Shell, 19 Mossy Chiton, 49 Princess Conch, 5 Mottled Bubble Shell, 23 Purple-hinge Scallop. 51 Mottled Cask Shell, 9 Purple Cone, 127 Mottled Clam, 37 Purple Olive, 47 Mottled Dog Whelk, 19 Purple Poached Egg. 19 Mottled Dove Shell. 10 Purple Semile, 23 Mottled Terebra, 127 Purse Shell. 31 Mouse Cone, 15 Mourning Cowry. 79 Quahog, 29 Mouse Cowry, 81 Queen Helmet, 5 Mushroom Umbrella Shell, 47 Rayed Cockle, 23 Music Shell, 73 Razor Shell, 33 Recluz Bulls-eye, 45 Nautilus Shell, 111 Red Abalone, 43 Nobby Button, 23 Red Cantharis, 19 Nobby Engina, 21 Red-lined Chiton, 45 Nobby Tectarias, 19 Red Spiney Oyster, 35 Nobby Top Shell, 21 Regular Chiton, 49 Northern Lamp Shell, 13 Reticulated Cowry, 79 Norris Top Shell, 45 Reticulated Ark, 37 Nuttalls Hornmouth, 43 Reverse Chama, 47 Nuttalls Sanguinaria, 57 Ribbed Rock Venus, 53 Nuttalls Saxidome, 51 Ribbed Shell. 47 Nuttalls Sea Bottle, 57 Top Rice 23 Nut Cowry, 19 Shell, False 19 Nut Shell. 21 Ridged Murex, Ridged Latirus, 21 Obelisk Shell, 23 Ridged Mottled Top Shell. 15 Ocellated Cowry. HI Ridged Venus. 15 Onyx Cowry, 81 Ringed Top Shell, 47 Operculum, 89 Right-hand Fulgar, 7 Oregon Triton, 45 Rock-eating Mussel, 47 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 157 Rock-dwelling Semile, 47 Sun and Moon Shell, 133 Rock Worm Shell, 15 Rose Murex, 65 Tent Cone, 69 Rose Petal, 23 Thorny Oyster, 127 Rosy Glandina, 15 Three-ridged Murex, 23 Rosy Razor Clam, 47 Tiger Cowry, 79 Rough File Shell, 31 Tile-roof Dog Whelk, 47 Rough Limpet, 47 Transverse Ark, 37 Rough Thais, 47 Transverse Lamp Shell, 52 Round Lantern Shell, 55 Trellised Chiton, 49 Triangular Clam, 23 Saddle Oyster, 33 Trumpet Shell, 5 Sad Unicorn Shell, 45 Tubed Turbine, 17 Salmon-colored Tellin, 53 Tulip Shell, 5 Saw-edge Oyster, 21 Turkey Wing, 33 Says Tellin, 23 Turks Cap, 91 Scallop, 15 37 Scaly Oyster, Unequal Ark, 33 Scorpion Shell, 93 Scotch Bonnet, 5 37 Seaweed Limpet, 49 Variegated Chama, Vase 15 Shield Limpet, 47 Shell, Venus 63 Short Thracia, 55 Comb, Venus Heart, 47 Silver Lantern Shell, 53 Silver Lip, 87 Silver Mouth, 89 Wavy Turbine Shell, 47 Simpsons Antigona, 53 Weaver Shuttle Shell, 121 Slender Mussel, 35 Wegmans Triton, 127 Slipper Shell, 19 Western Lamp Shell, 51 Small Horn Murex, 65 White Abalone, 43 Smooth Chione, 53 White Amiantis, 55 Snipe-bill Murex, 61 White Ark, 21 Snake Head Cowry, 81 White Augur, 19 Soft-shell Clam, 33 White Cap Limpet, 53 Spider Shell, 93 White Colus, 9 Spike Murex, 63 White Horn Shell, 19 Spiney Pearl Shell, 15 White-mouth Triton, 15 Spiney Chama, 39 White Obelisk Shell, 23 Spiney Tectarias, 19 White Murex, 65 Spiney Turbine, 17 White Piddock, 37 Spiney Turbo, 89 White Semile, 37 Spirula, 25 White Slipper, 37 Sponge Scallop, 35 White-striped Neritina, 19 Spotted Bubble Shell, 13 White Tongue Shell, 51 Spotted Bulls-eye, 17 White Turris, 23 Spotted Cowry, 17 White Spike Murex, 15 Spotted Dove Shell, 19 Widow, 15 Spotted False Wedge Shell, 49 Winged Ranella, 83 Spotted Neritina, 17 Winged Murex, 59 Spotted Volute, 7 Wood Louse, 21 Spotted Winkle, 19 Worm Shell, 9 Satinforths Murex, 59 Wosnessenski Chiton, 49 Striated Cone, 71 Wrinkled Thais, 47 Striped Coffee Shell, 23 Striped Cassis, 85 Yellow Apolymetis, 49 Striped Keyhole Limpet, 19 Yellow Helmet, 85 Striped Mussel, 19 Yellow Lucine, 31 Striped Neritina, 19 Yellow Olive, 97 Striped Terebra, 127 Fellow Oyster, 37 Striped Venus, 33 Yellow Rock Shell, 35 Straight Horse Mussel, 51 Yellow Scorpion, 93 Subcircular Razor Clam, 51 Sunray Shell, 29 Zebra Periwinkle, 19 Sunset Shell, 31 Zebra Volute, 77 PRINTED IN U. S. A. BY ST. PETERSBURG PRINTING CO . INC., FLORIDA