Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 75: 45–60 (2018) 3

A SURVEY OF MARINE MOLLUSC DIVERSITY IN THE SOUTHERN MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO, MYANMAR

Kitithorn Sanpanich1* and Teerapong Duangdee2

1 Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Tumbon Saensook, Amphur Moengchonburi, Chonburi 20131 Thailand 2 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University 50, Paholyothin Road, Chaturachak, Bangkhen District, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand and Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand) *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: A coral reef ecosystem assessment and biodiversity survey of the Southern Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar was conducted during 3–10 February 2014 and 21–30 January 2015. Marine molluscs were surveyed at 42 stations: 41 by SCUBA and one intertidal beach survey. A total of 279 of marine molluscs in three classes were recorded: 181 species of gastropods in 53 families, 97 species of bivalves in 26 families and a single species of cephalopod (Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831). A mean of 21.8 species was recorded per site. The range was from 4 to 96 species. The highest diversity site was at Kyun Philar Island. The most widespread species were the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) (33 sites), muricid Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (21 stations), turbinid Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) (19 sites) and the wing shell Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) (16 sites). Data from this study were compared with molluscan studies from the Gulf of Thailand, the Andaman Sea sites in Thailand and Singapore. Fifty-eight mollusc species in Myanmar were not found in the other areas. Data from the present study can be used as a baseline to further examine marine mollusc diversity in Myanmar in the future.

Keywords: marine molluscs, distribution, marine mollusc diversity, Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar.

INTRODUCTION developed to achieve conservation and sustainable use of the marine biodiversity of Myanmar in the The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is last decade (Holmes et al., 2014). To understand located in mainland Southeast Asia, also known the current state of marine resources in Myanmar, historically as Indochina, along a line separating IUCN Southeast Asia and the Bay of Bengal Large the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia. It Marine Ecosystem Project initiated a project to has a rich diversity of marine species and habitats document the biodiversity of marine molluscs to along a long coastline. The Myanmar marine provide a checklist of species and their distribution territory is extensive, covering about 486,000 km2 in this area as a baseline for conserving and (Wildlife Conservation Society, 2013). The Mergui sustainably using the marine resources of the Archipelago in Myanmar consists of more than Mergui Archipelago. 800 islands. The Southern Mergui Archipelago is in the Dawei Special Economic Zones in the MATERIALS AND METHODS Thanintharyi Region (Boon, 2016). It is known that the shallow waters of the Southeast Asian Marine molluscs were collected from coral coral reefs have the greatest biodiversity of all the reefs and a sandy beach along the islands in the ZRUOG VPDULQHHFRV\VWHPVZKHUHFRUDOV¿VKHVDQG Southern Mergui Archipelago during 3–10 February molluscs abound. A number of policies have been 2014 and 21–30 January 2015. A total of 41 sites 46

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

(Fig. 1) were surveyed using SCUBA diving during by comparing specimens with illustrations, general daylight. Sites included the shallow waters on the GHVFULSWLRQVDQGVSHFL¿FFKDUDFWHUVLQWKHDYDLODEOH UHHIÀDWDQGWKHUHHIVORSHVWRDPD[LPXPGHSWK literature as follows: Nielsen (1976); Tanasiriwong of about 20 m. An intertidal shoreline survey was (1978); Da Motta and Lenavat (1979); Lamprell conducted on a sandy beach at Lake U island to (1986); Abbott and Dance (1990); Lamprell and obtain as many species as possible. Both living Whitehead (1992); Lim and Wee (1992); Oliver and dead shells were collected, as evidence of the (1992); Wells and Bryce (1993); Wilson (1993, occurrence of species in the area. All nudibranchs 1994); Bussarawit (1995); Aungtonya and Hylleberg were photographed ‘in situ’ and were not collected. (1998); Australian Museum (1998–2010); Kilburn All specimens were recorded and shells cleaned and Hylleberg (1998); Lamprell and Healy (1998); EHIRUH LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ /LYLQJ VSHFLPHQV ZHUH Marshall and Willan (1999); Okutani (2000); Subba preserved in 70% alcohol. Representative specimens Roa and Dey (2000); Tan and Chou (2000); Swennen of all species have been deposited in the mollusc et al. (2001); Robba et al. (2002); Sanpanich et al. collections of the Institute of Marine Science, (2004); Debelius and Kuiter (2007); Coleman %XUDSKD8QLYHUVLW\7KHFODVVL¿FDWLRQXVHGLQWKLV (2008); Apte (2009); Sreeraj et al. (2012); Chavanich study mainly followed Bouchet et al. (2005) and et al. (2013). :R506  7KHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXW

Figure 1. Map showed collection sites. 47

A survey of marine mollusc diversity in the southern Mergui archipelago, Myanmar 3

RESULTS species. The highest diversity site was at Kyun Philar Island. The most widespread species were A total of 279 marine macro-mollusc species the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG  VSHFLHV RI JDVWURSRGV LQ  1758) (33 sites), the muricid Chicoreus ramosus families, 97 species of bivalves in 26 families and (Linnaeus, 1758) (21 stations), the turbinid Astralium a single species of cephalopod (Sepia pharaonis rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) (19 sites) and the Ehrenberg, 1831). A mean of 21.8 species was wing shell Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) (16 sites) recorded per site. The range was from 4 to 96 (Fig. 2).

Table1. Locations of sites and the number of species recorded.

Site no. Site name Coordinates Number of Species 1 Saung Gauk Island 9°42.919´N, 98°05.978´E 27 2 Say Tan Island 9°47.779´N, 98°06.117´E 37 3 North Rock 9°53.454´N, 97°57.473´E 18 4 Western Rock 9°51.629´N, 97°52.115´E 18 5 Rocky Pinnacle 9°56.814´N, 97°51.731´E 29 6 North Rocky 10°07.058´N, 97°58.425´E 18 7 South Twin 10°28.316´N, 97°40.652´E 15 8 North Twin 10°38.030´N, 97°41.532´E 36 9 Black Rock 11°23.446´N, 97°39.680´E 35 10 Kyin Pyi Son Island -NW bay 11°19.230´N, 98°00.900´E 23 11 Hlaing Island North Bay 11°20.592´N, 98°00.201´E 38 12 Thar Island North Rocks 11°13.292´N, 98°04.201´E 24 13 Kyun Philar 10°35.262´N, 98°01.594´E 96 14 Pollock Reef 10°29.551´N, 97°58.416´E 12 15 Jar Lann Kyunn 10°24.853´N, 97°56.322´E 39 16 Hlaing Gu Island 10°21.109´N, 98°00.061´E 25 17 Lake U Island (Beach) 10°42.606´N, 98°21.528´E 52 18 Hlaing Gu Island (E) 10°21.147´N, 98°00.061´E 7 19 Three Peaks Island (north of Jarlann) 10°31.034´N, 97°55.260´E 9 20 Thar Island (W) 11°12.182´N, 98°04.867´E 31 21 Khin Pyi Son Island (S) 11°18.714´N, 98°00.958´E 10 22 Khin Oo Island (N) 11°21.027´N, 98°01.385´E 10 23 East Sular Island (E) 11°51.699´N, 97°40.563´E 7 24 Tower Rock 12°03.540´N, 97°38.378´E 17 25 Bailey Island (E) 12°06.775´N, 97°43.357´E 29 26 West Spur 12°15.042´N, 97°45.988´E 11 27 Chevalier Island 12°26.283´N, 97°47.761´E 9 28 Tanangthayi Island (NW) 12°35.432´N, 97°50.557´E 18 48

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

Site no. Site name Coordinates Number of Species 29 North Pinnacle 12°41.713´N, 97°48.402´E 23 30 Kabuzya Island (S) 12°46.605´N, 97°52.000´E 20 31 Tanangthayi Island (NE) 12°35.699´N, 97°51.317´E 11 32 Rock Island 12°34.798´N, 97°53.356´E 20 33 Bowers Island 12°25.602´N, 98°05.778´E 8 34 Thayawthadangyi Island (NE) 12°22.251´N, 98°02.177´E 12 35 Greenlaw Island 12°12.887´N, 97°56.606´E 29 36 Howe Island (S) 12°06.389´N, 97°58.130´E 21 37 Mee Thway Island (S) 12°01.673´N, 97°57.705´E 10 38 Mee Sane Island (N Rock) 11°58.931´N, 97°58.864´E 9 39 Hlwa Sar Gyi Island (SE) 11°43.192´N, 97°58.333´E 13 40 Saw Mon Hla Island (NE) 11°27.580´N, 98°00.956´E 9 41 A Pha Island (NE) 11°11.733´N, 98°05.365´E 25 42 Rocky Island 10°33.122´N, 98°04.453´E 4

DISCUSSION hour depending on the water depth. Duangdee et al. (2013) reported 59 gastropods and 53 bivalves A total of 279 species of marine molluscs collected from the coral reefs of the Surin Islands, were reported in this study from 42 stations in the Phangnga Province, Thailand in the northern Southern Mergui Archipelago. A variety of coral Andaman Sea in a one-week survey. The number UHHI KDELWDWV ZHUH VXUYH\HG LQFOXGLQJ UHHI ÀDWV of species in the latter study was comparable to the reef walls and reef slopes. A single beach was present study. The greatest diversity found in the surveyed at Lake U Island. Water depths surveyed present study (96 species) was recorded at Kyun ranged from 0 to 20 m. 3KLODU,VODQGWKLVZDVLQÀDWHGEHFDXVHWKUHHGLYHV The number of species collected in this study were made at this site. The beach surveyed at Lake (279) is low compared to the 875 marine gastropod U Island showed the second highest diversity, with and 351 bivalve species listed by Tan and Woo 52 species. Fewer than 10 species were found at (2010) from Singapore. However, the Singapore a number of sites. Most of these sites were reef study was based on collections accumulated walls where molluscs were dominated by a few over a long period of time. A more appropriate species of attached bivalves. Additionally, the sites comparison is with Sanpanich and Tan (2016), who were in deep water, limiting the time available for collected 175 species of shell-bearing gastropods searching. from 67 sites in a two-week survey in Singapore. Fifty-eight of the species recorded from the Wells (2005) found 274 species of gastropods, 67 Southern Mergui Archipelago have not been bivalves and three cephalopods in the Andaman recorded in previous reports from the Gulf of region of Thailand. Subba Roa and Dey (2000) Thailand, Andaman Sea and Singapore (Appendix reported 1,279 species of molluscs in Andaman 1). Duangdee et al. (2009) found 23 species of sea DQG 1LFREDU ,VODQGV IURP GL൵HUHQW KDELWDWV VXFK slugs at the Tarutoa National Park, south Andaman as mangroves, coral reefs, rocky coasts, sandy Sea. In comparison 43 species of sea slugs were beaches, sea grass beds and at greater depths in IRXQG LQ WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\  RI ZKLFK ZHUH ¿UVW the sea. The low diversity in the present study records in this area (Appendix 1). These data is understandable as sampling at most sites was showed that the marine molluscs in the Southern limited to one SCUBA dive of 30 minutes to one Mergui Archipelago are diverse, and it would 49

A survey of marine mollusc diversity in the southern Mergui archipelago, Myanmar 3 be interesting to study other areas of the Mergui should this activity not be eliminated. Data from Archipelago. the present study can be used as a baseline to further During our survey we noticed with great examine marine mollusc diversity in Myanmar in concern that many of the sites surveyed showed the future. 3DUWVRIWKHPDULQHDUHDVDUHOHVVLQÀX- VLJQVRIGHVWUXFWLRQE\¿VKERPELQJ'DPDJHZDV enced by man-made activities in Myanmar than in seen in circular patches on the reef. In the absence other countries in the region. This study indicates RIVWULFWUHJXODWLRQVDQGH൵HFWLYHPDQDJHPHQWWR a great marine mollusc diversity there, which is of protect and conserve this area, there is a risk that the interest as a baseline study of diversity. existing biodiversity will be substantially reduced

Figure 2. Photographs of the most widespread species: A. Pinctada margaritifera from Jar Lann Kyunn; B. Pteria penguin from North Rock; C. Chicoreus ramosus from Saung Gauk Island; D. Astralium rhodostomum from Say Tan Island; E. Sepia pharaonis from Kyun Philar. 50

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN James Dominic True, the Excellence Center for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Prince of This work is partially supported by the Center Songkla University for inviting us to join in the for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and coral reef ecosystem assessment and biodiversity Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart survey of the Southern Mergui Archipelago. We University under the Higher Education Research also thank the IUCN Southeast Asia and Bay Promotion and National Research University Project of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project for RI 7KDLODQG 2൶FH RI WKH +LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ supporting this project and Professor Fred Wells Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand. The of Curtin University, Perth, for assisting authors are particularly grateful to Asst. Prof. Dr. with the English.

REFERENCES

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Lim, C.F. and V.T.H. Wee. 1992. Southeast Asian a seashell book. Seaconus Pte Ltd. 100 pp. Marshall, J.G. and R.C. Willan. 1999. Nudibranchs of Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Backhuys Publishers, Lieden. 257 pp. Nielsen, C. 1976. An Illustrated Checklist of Bivalves from PMBC Beach with a Reef-flat at Phuket, Thailand. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 9: 1–26. Okutani, T. 2000. Marine Molluscs in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. 1173 pp. 2OLYHU3*%LYDOYHG6HDVKHOOVRIWKH5HG6HD1DWLRQDO0XVHXPRI:DOHV&DUGL൵SS Robba, E., I.D. Geronimo, N. Chaimanee, M.P. Negri and R. Sanfilippo. 2002. Holocene and Recent shallow softbottom molluscs from the northern Gulf of Thailand area: Bivalvia. Bol. Malacol. Roma. 38: 49–132. 6DQSDQLFK.DQG6.7DQ6KHOOEHDULQJJDVWURSRGPROOXVFVRIWKH6LQJDSRUH6WUDLW5D൵%XOO Zool. 34: 528–538. Sanpanich, K., F.E. Wells and Y. Chitramvong. 2004. Distribution of the family Littorinidae (: ) in Thailand. Rec. Western Aust. Mus. 22: 241–251. Sreeraj, C.R., C. Sivaperuman and C. Raghunathan. 2012. An annotated checklist of opisthobranch fauna (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) of the Nicobar Islands, India. J. threat. taxa. 4(4): 2499-2509. Swennen, C., R.G. Moolenbeek, N. Ruttanadakul, H. Hobbelink, H. Dekker and S. Hajisamae. 2001. The Molluscs of the Southern Gulf of Thailand. Thai Studies in Biodiversity. 4: 1–210. Subba Roa, N.V. and A. Dey. 2000. Catalogue of marine molluscs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper No.187. 323 pp. Tan, K.S. and L.M. Chou. 2000. A Guide to Common Seashells of Singapore, Singapore Science Centre. 168 pp. Tan, S.K. and H.P.M. Woo. 2010. A preliminary checklist of the molluscs of Singapore. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 78 pp. Tanasiriwong, R. 1978. An Illustrated checklist of marine shelled gastropods from Phuket Island, Adjacent  PDLQODQGDQGR൵VKRUHLVODQG:HVWHUQ3HQLQVXODU7KDLODQG3KXNHWPDUELRO&HQW5HV%XOO21: 1–63. Wells, F.E. 2005. Molluscs of the Phuket region, Thailand. In: G.R. Allen and G.S. Stone. (ed.) Rapid  DVVHVVPHQWVXUYH\RIWVXQDPL±D൵HFWHGUHHIVRI7KDLODQG)LQDO7HFKQLFDO5HSRUW1RYHPEHU New England Aquarium. pp. 57–68. Wells, F.E. and C.W. Bryce. 1993. Sea Slugs of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Press. 184 pp. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2013. Myanmar Biodiversity Conservation Investment Vision, Wildlife Conservation Society, Ynagon, Myanmar. 58 pp. Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells 1. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, 408 pp. Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells 2. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, 370 pp. WoRMS. 2018. World Register of Marine Species. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ. Accessed 2018-01-1. 52

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Appendix 1. Molluscs collected from the Mergui Archipelago with station numbers indicated. Other records are: A= Andaman Sea, G= Gulf of Thailand, S= Singapore.

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER CLASS GASTROPODA Aglajidae Chelidonura punctata Eliot, 1903 5,7,A Melanochlamys cylindrica Cheeseman, 1881 16 Tubulophilinopsis gardineri (Eliot, 1903) 8,A Tubulophilinopsis pilsbryi (Eliot, 1900) 13,A,S Angariidae Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 30,A,G,S Buccinidae Buccinulum cingulata Reeve, 1847 8 Buccinulum linea (Martyn, 1784) 35 Bursidae Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798) 11,13,30,A Tutufa bubo (Linnaeus, 1758) 8,A Tutufa rubeta (Linnaeus, 1758) 9,A Calyptraeidae Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859) 32,A,G,S Cassidae Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791) 1,A Semicassis bulla Habe, 1961 17 Cerithiidae Cerithium atromarginatum Dautzenberg and 8 Bouge, 1933 Cerithium traillii (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855) 17,G,A,S Rhinoclavis aspera (Linnaeus, 1758) 2,13,16,17,25,30,32,41,A, G,S Rhinoclavis sordidula (Gould, 1849) 35,A,G,S Chromodorididae Ardeadoris averni (Rudman, 1985) 34,38 Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928) 15,33,A,G,S Ceratosoma trilobatum (Gray, 1827) 37,A,G,S Doriprismatica atromarginata (Cuvier, 1804) 20,34,A,G,S Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888) 12,A,G,S Glossodoris hikuerensis (Pruvot-Fol, 1954) 6,A Goniobranchus albopustulosus (Pease, 1860) 5 Goniobranchus annulatus (Eliot, 1904) 3,9,12,20,26,A Goniobranchus aureopurpureus (Collingwood, 18,A,G 1881) Goniobranchus geminus (Rudman, 1987) 28,A Goniobranchus geometricus (Risbec, 1928) 9,A,G *RQLREUDQFKXV¿GHOLV (Kelaart, 1858) 12,14,A,G,S Hypselodoris iacula (Gosliner and Johnson, 7,A 1999 Hypselodoris infucata (Rüppell and Leuckart, 13,A,G,S 1830) 53

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FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Hypselodoris kanga Rudman, 1977 12,A,G,S Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871) 12,A Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977 12,A Hypselodoris pulchella (Rüppell and Leuckart, 5,9,10,11,12,20,33,34,35, 1830) 36,A,G Mexichromis multituberculata (Baba, 1953) 1,A,G,S Verconia norba (Er. Marcus and Ev. Marcus, 15,33 1970) Colloniidae Bothropoma pilula (Dunker, 1860) 30 Euplica brunnidentata de Maintenon, 2008 15 Pyrene punctata (Bruguière, 1789) 29,A,G,S Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 13,G,A Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758 13,29,A,S Conus caracteristicus Fischer von Waldheim, 13,A,G,S 1807 &RQXVFRৼHDH Gmelin, 1791 13 Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 13,A,G Conus emaciatus Reeve, 1849 30,A,G Conus eximius Reeve, 1849 30,A,G Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758 9,13,A,S Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758 8,A,G Conus litteratus Linnaeus, 1758 4,A,G Conus miles (Linnaeus,1758) 5,6,12,A,G Conus mustelinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 1,13,A,G,S Conus nussatella Linnaeus, 1758 32,A,G Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 5,A Born,1778 2,A Conus rattus Hwass Bruguiere,1792 7,8,29,35,A,G Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 10,13,25,A,G,S Conus terebra Born, 1778 36,A,G Pygmaeconus visseri Delsaerdt, 1990 13,20,25,35 Costellariidae Vexillum mutabile (Reeve, 1845) 13 Bistolida stolida stolida (Linnaeus, 1758) 15,A,G,S Bistolida ursellus (Gmelin, 1791) 15,G,A,S Bistolida ursellus amoeba Schilder and 17,30 Schilder, 1938 Cribrarula cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) 10,13,20,A,G,S tigris (Linnaeus, 1759) 6,9,20,28,30,42,A,G,S Erronea caurica dracaena (Born, 1778) 11 54

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Leporicypraea mappa (Linnaeus, 1758) 14,G,A,S Luria isabella (Linnaeus, 1758) 8,16,A Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758) 9,14,G,S Lyncina carneola (Linnaeus, 1758) 6,29,30,G,S Mauritia arabica (Linnaeus, 1758) 4,5,8,12,14,20,24,A,G,S Mauritia mauritiana (Linnaeus, 1758) 6,A,G Monetaria caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 1758) 9,29,A,S Naria erosa (Linnaeus, 1758) 13,A,G,S Naria gangranosa gangranosa (Dillwyn, 1817) 36,A,S Naria marginalis (Dillwyn, 1817) 13,24 Palmadusta contaminata (Gray, 1832) 13,17,G Palmadusta lentiginosa (J.E. Gray, 1825) 20 Purpuradusta gracilis (Gaskoin, 1849) 11,G,A,S cicercula (Linnaeus, 1758): 12,A Ransoniella punctata (Linnaeus, 1771) 15,A,S Talparia talpa (Linnaeus, 1758) 5,12,A,G,S Discodorididae Carminodoris estrelyado (Gosliner and 3,12 Behrens, 1998) Halgerda stricklandi Fahey and Gosliner, 1999 1,3,27,28,A Epitoniidae Epidendrium billeeanum (DuShane and 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,20, 21, Bratcher, 1965) 26,29,A Facelinidae Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896) 13,A,G Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864) 4,7,8,9,12,A,G,S Fasciolariidae Benimakia lanceolata (Reeve, 1847) 5,6,7,8,9,13,20,24,27,A )LOLIXVXV¿ODPHQWRVXV (Röding, 1798) 6,16,29,41,A,G Marmorofusus nicobaricus (Röding, 1798) 17,41,A,G Pleuroploca trapezium (Linnaeus, 1758) 1,9,13,17,40,A,G Turrilatirus turritus (Gmelin, 1791) 13 Fissurellidae Diodora mus (Reeve, 1850) 17,S Flabellinidae Samla bicolor (Kelaart, 1858) 9,20,A,G Haliotidae Haliotis ovina Gmelin, 1791 1,2,8,13,14,15,16,20,24, 35,36,A,G,S Hipponicidae Cheilea pileopsis Quoy and Gaimard, 1835 35 Cheilea tortilis (Reeve, 1858) 17 Sabia conica (Schumacher, 1817) 29 Littorinidae 3HDVLHOODURHSVWRU৽DQD (Nevill, 1885) 23,A,G,S Echinolittorina malaccana (Philippi, 1847) 23,A,G,S Echinolittorina vidua (Gould, 1859) 23,A,G,S Marginellidae Cryptospira immersa (Reeve, 1865) 17 55

A survey of marine mollusc diversity in the southern Mergui archipelago, Myanmar 3

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Mitridae Mitra mitra (Linnaeus, 1758) 13,15,16,A,S Mitra papalis (Linnaeus, 1758) 25 Strigatella vultuosa (Reeve, 1845) 13 Modulidae Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) 41,A,G Muricidae Chicoreus aculeatus (Lamarck, 1822) 5 Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807) 2,3,6,8,9,11,12,13,14,17, 41,A,G,S Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig.2) 1,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,13,14, 20,21,24,29,32,33, 38,39, 40,41,A,G,S Chicoreus torrefactus (Sowerby, 1841) 2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,13,14,20, 25,26,32,34,35,A,G,S Drupella rugosa (Born, 1778) 17,20,G,A Drupella margariticola (Broderip, 1833) 17,A,G,S Mancinella alouina (Röding, 1798) 3,5,6,9,16,20,21,24,25,29, 36,39,41,G,A Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832) 5,17,40,A,G Morula spinosa (H. Adams and A. Adams, 11,12,13,15,G,S 1853) Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868 17,A,G,S Rapana rapiformis (Born, 1778) 17,G,A,S Tenguella granulata (Duclos, 1832) 23,A,G Nacellidae Cellana testudinaria (Linnaeus,1758) 30,A,G,S Nassariidae Nassarius clarus (Marrat, 1877) 17,25,G Nassarius glans glans (Linnaeus, 1758) 17,S Phos textus (Gmelin, 1791) 25,30 Naticidae Mammilla mammata (Röding, 1798) 17,25,G,S Naticarius concinnus (Dunker, 1860) 13 Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758) 13,25,30,41,A,G,S 3ROLQLFHVÀHPLQJLDQXV (Récluz, 1844) 13,A Tanea areolata (Récluz, 1844) 2 Tanea undulata (Röding, 1798) 17,G,S Neritidae Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 23,A,G,S Nerita costata (Gmelin, 1791) 23,A,G,S Ovulidae Phenacovolva sp. 8 Personidae Distorsio anus (Linnaeus, 1758) 29,S Phyllidiidae Phyllidia alyta Yonow, 1996 6,A Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869 9,10,11,20,28,31,34,35,36, 37,40,A,G,S 56

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 1,5,3,12,13,27,28,30,37, A,G,S Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804 2,4,7,27,34,37,A,G,S Phyllidiella nigra (Hasselt, 1824) 1,5,3,38,A,G,S Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) 3,4,5,6,9,11,12,13,15,16, 19,20,26,28,35,36,37,A, G,S Phyllidiella rudmani Brunckhorst, 1993 4,13,15,28,34,37,A,G Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1859) 1,4,9,11,13,15,19,28,34, 35,36,37,40,A Phyllidiopsis annae Brunckhorst, 1993 33,A Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis Brunckhorst, 1993 5,6,13,24,28,37,38,A Phyllidiopsis pipeki Brunckhorst, 1993 38,A fumosa (Dillwyn, 1817) 10,13,A,G,S Plakobranchidae Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871) 10,A Thuridilla gracilis (Risbec, 1928) 15,A,G Pyramidellidae Pyramidella maculosa Lamarck, 1822 13,G Ranellidae Gyrineum bituberculare (Lamarck, 1816) 13,32,35,A,G,S Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844) 13 Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758) 17,A Seraphidae Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) 13,17,41,A,G, Siliquariidae Tenagodus cumingii (Mörch, 1861) 41,S Tenagodus trochlearis Mörch, 1861 17 Siphonariidae Siphonaria subatra Pilsbry, 1904 13,G Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758) 7,8,31,39,A,G,S truncata ([Lightfoot], 1786) 13,16,39,A Lambis scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758) 1,7,8,A Canarium urceus (Linnaeus, 1758) 17,A,G,S Conomurex luhuanus (Linnaeus, 1758) 13,16,17,18,25,30,A,G Sinustrombus sinuatus ([Lightfoot], 1786) 39 Tegulidae Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1767) 8,A,G,S Tectus pyramis (Born,1778) 3,5,8,9,15,39,A,G,S Terebridae 0\XUHOODD৽QLV (Gray, 1834) 25 Terebra subulata (Linnaeus, 1767) 41,A Tonnidae Tonna sulcosa (Born, 1778) 35,A,G,S melanobrachia Bergh, 1874 12,A Trochidae Chrysostoma paradoxum (Born, 1778) 13,25,A,G,S Clanculus clanguloides (Wood, 1828) 13,A 57

A survey of marine mollusc diversity in the southern Mergui archipelago, Myanmar 3

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758 8,24,26,30,A,G,S Turbinellidae Vasum turbinellus (Linnaeus, 1758) 5,6,7,8,9,13,15,16,21,24, 26,28,31,41,A,G Turbinidae Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) 1,2,3,8,9,10,13,15,20,22, (Fig.2) 26,27,28,29,30,31,32,35, 36,A,G Turbo argyrostoma Linnaeus,1758 4,5,8,9,17,A Turbo heterocheilus Pilsbry, 1889 29,S Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758 15,16,40,A,G,S Vanikoridae Vanikoro cancellata Lamarck, 1822 13,A,S Vanikoro fenestrata (A. Adams, 1863) 17,G Vanikoro helicoidea Le Guillou, 1842 2,17,41,A,G Velutinidae Coriocella hibyae Wellens, 1991 1,7,10,13,19,20,36,A Vermetidae Serpulorbis sp. 8,11,13,19 Volutidae Melo melo (Lightfoot, 1786) 17,A,G,S Xenophoridae Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) 3,A,G,S CLASS BIVALVIA Arcidae Arca ventricosa Lamarck,1819 2,8,11,13,15,25,41,A,G,S Barbatia amygdalumtostum (Roding,1798) 1,8,A,G,S Barbatia foliata (Forsskal,1775) 1,8,11,13,15,17,20,22,25, 28,29,35,41,A,G,S Cardiidae Acrosterigma cf. cygnorum (Deshayes, 1855) 2,11,13,17,A,G Acrosterigma simplex (Spengler, 1799) 2 Acrosterigma sp. 1,10,11,13 Acrosterigma cf. transcendens (Melvill and 3,17,20,24,25,32,A,G,S Standen, 1899) Fulvia aperta (Bruguière, 1789) 2,13,A,G,S Lunulicardia hemicardium (Linnaeus, 1758) 17,A,G,S Tridacna crocea Lamarck, 1819: 8,13,15,16,28,41,A,G,S Tridacna maxima (Roding, 1798) 1,2,8,13,15,22,31,39,A,G, S Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819 1,13,16,19,22,28,31,39,A, G,S Vasticardium angulatum (Lamarck, 1819) 1,2,11,13,15,16,17,30,A, G,S 9DVWLFDUGLXPÀDYXP (Linnaeus, 1758) 32,35,A Vasticardium luteomarginatum (Voskuil and 29,A,G,S Onverwagt, 1991) 58

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Vasticardium pectiniforme (Born, 1780) 13,17,20,36,A,G Carditidae Beguina semiorbiculata (Linnaeus,1758) 2,8,13,15,19,A,G,S Cardita variegata Bruguiere, 1792 35,A,G,S Chamidae Chama asperella Lamarck, 1819 10,A,G Chama croceata Lamarck, 1819 8,13,17 Chama macerophylla Gmelin, 1791 1,2,11,16 &KDPDSDFL¿FD Broderip, 1834 24,25,A,G Crassatellidae Bathytormus jousseaumei (Lamy, 1919) 13 Gryphaeidae Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) 4,9,12,20,27,30,31,32,36, 38,A,G,S Isognomonidae Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758) 1,4,5,9,10,14,18,21,22, 24,26,31,33,34,39,40,A, G,S Laternulidae Laternula gracilis (Reeve, 1860) 34 Limidae Lima vulgaris (Link, 1807) 2,11,13,20,32,35,41,A,G,S Limaria basilanica (Adams and Reeve, 1850) 2,10,11,13,16,41,A,G Limaria fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) 25,A,G,S Lucinidae Codakia interrupta (Lamarck, 1816) 25,30,A,G,S Codakia tigerina (Linnaeus, 1758) 15,A,G Ctena bella (Conrad, 1837) 2,13,15,32,35,41,A,G Mactridae Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas, 1844 10,11,13,17,G,S Mactra achatina Holten, 1802 17,A,G,S Mactrotoma angulifera (Reeve, 1854) 13,A,G Mactrotoma depressa (Spengler, 1802) 17 Oxyperas aspersa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) 2 Malleidae Malleus albus Lamarck, 1819 1,2,9,11,13,15,18,29,32, A,G,S Malleus malleus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1,2,10,11,14,15,16,A,G,S Mesodesmatidae Atactodea striata (Gmelin, 1791) 17,A,G,S Exotica clathrata Deshayes, 1835 25,G Tellinella cruciata (Spengler, 1798) 20,A,G,S Tellina sp. 11 Mytilidae 0RGLRODWXVÀDYLGXV (Dunker, 1857) 17 Modiolus philippinarum (Hanley, 1843) 17,A,G,S Musculus impactus (Hermann, 1782) 13 Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus,1758) 2,5,8,9,10,13,16,24,28,29, 30,35,36,A,G,S Pectinidae Excellichlamys histrionica (Gmelin, 1791) 32,35,36,A,G Excellichlamys spectabilis (Reeve, 1853) 13,15,16,29,G 59

A survey of marine mollusc diversity in the southern Mergui archipelago, Myanmar 3

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Gloripallium pallium (Linnaeus, 1758) 2,11,13,15,16,24,32,A Gloripallium speciosum (Reeve, 1853) 13 Laevichlamys cuneata (Reeve, 1853) 2 Laevichlamys squamosa (Gmelin, 1791) 13,A,S Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791) 1,2,10,11,13,15,19,20,21, 22,25,31,33,35,39,40,41, 42,A,G,S Pinnidae Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778) 1,4,15,16,26,29,31,A,G,S Pinna bicolor Gmelin, 1791 17,21,22,25,41,A,G,S Steptopinna saccata (Linnaeus,1758) 5,8,9,A Plicatulidae Plicatula muricata Sowerby, 1873 25,A,G Plicatula plicata (Linnaeus, 1767) 10,11,A,G Psammobiidae Gari maculosa (Lamarck, 1818) 2,13,17,25,35,36,A,G,S Pteriidae Pinctada chemnitzii (Philippi, 1849) 6,17 Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, (Fig. 2) 15,16,18,19,20,21,22,24, 25,26,27,28,9,31,32,33,35, 37,39,40,41,42,A,G,S Pinctada nigra (Gould, 1850) 36,A,G Pteria heteroptera (Lamarck, 1819) 21,24,26,A,G Pteria lata (Gray, 1845) 37 Pteria levitata (Iredale, 1939) 24,28 Pteria peasei (Dunker, 1872) 2,3,4,5,6,8,9,13,19,20,21, 34,36,38,A,G Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) (Fig. 2) 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,13,14,15, 18,20,27,41,42,A,G,S Ostreidae Lopha cristagalli (Linnaeus, 1758) 7,9,12,15,27,35,36,A,S Ostraea sp. 1,2,5,11,13,15,20,A,G Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) 23,A,G,S Semelidae Semele carnicolor (Hanley, 1845) 11,15,A,G,S Semele cordiformis (Holten, 1803) 36,A,G Semele duplicata (Reeve, 1853) 29,G Semele exarata (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850) 15 Semele lamellosa (Reeve, 1853) 2,13,G Semele zebuensis (Hanley, 1843) 11,13,A Spondylidae Spondylus nicobaricus (Schreibers, 1793) 11,16,A,G,S Spondylus versicolor Schreibers, 1793 2,5,9,10,11,13,15,16,22, 28,39,A,G,S 60

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2

FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME SITE NUMBER Tellinidae Abranda tenuilamellata (E. A. Smith, 1885) 35 Trapezidae Trapezium bicarinatum (Schumacher, 1817) 25,A,G Trapezium gilvum (Martens, 1872) 29 Ungulinidae Diplodonta asperoides (Nomura, 1932) 2 Veneridae Antigona persimilis (Iredale, 1930) 25,A Callista semisulcata (Sowerby, 1851) 13 Dosinia amphidesmoides (Reeve, 1850) 2,10,11,13,17 Globivenus embrithes (Melvill and Standen, 10,11,32,35,G 1899) Hyphantosoma spoori (Lamprell and 1,13,17 Whitehead, 1990) Irus distans Lamarck, 1818 25 Lioconcha annettae Lamprell and Whitehead, 2,11,13,25,32,35,A,G 1990 Periglypta puerpera (Linnaeus, 1771) 11,13,16,17,24,32,34,35, 36,41,A,G,S Periglypta reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758) 29,A,G Tapes literatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 36,41,A,G,S Tapes sericeus (Matsukuma, 1986) 2,10,11,13,15,17 Timoclea marica (Linnaeus, 1758) 13,17,A,G Petricola lapicida (Gmelin, 1791) 13,A,G Venerupis aspera (Quoy and Gaimard, 1835) 17 CLASS CEPHALOPODA Sepiidae Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 (Fig. 2) 4,9,14,30,32,A,G,S

Manuscript received: 30 January 2018 Accepted: 14 August 2018