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45–60 (2018) a Survey of Marine Mollusc Diversity in The Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 75: 45–60 (2018) 3 A SURVEY OF MARINE MOLLUSC DIVERSITY IN THE SOUTHERN MERGUI ARCHIPELAGO, MYANMAR Kitithorn Sanpanich1* and Teerapong Duangdee2 1 Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Tumbon Saensook, Amphur Moengchonburi, Chonburi 20131 Thailand 2 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University 50, Paholyothin Road, Chaturachak, Bangkhen District, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand and Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand) *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A coral reef ecosystem assessment and biodiversity survey of the Southern Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar was conducted during 3–10 February 2014 and 21–30 January 2015. Marine molluscs were surveyed at 42 stations: 41 by SCUBA and one intertidal beach survey. A total of 279 species of marine molluscs in three classes were recorded: 181 species of gastropods in 53 families, 97 species of bivalves in 26 families and a single species of cephalopod (Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831). A mean of 21.8 species was recorded per site. The range was from 4 to 96 species. The highest diversity site was at Kyun Philar Island. The most widespread species were the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) (33 sites), muricid Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (21 stations), turbinid Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) (19 sites) and the wing shell Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) (16 sites). Data from this study were compared with molluscan studies from the Gulf of Thailand, the Andaman Sea sites in Thailand and Singapore. Fifty-eight mollusc species in Myanmar were not found in the other areas. Data from the present study can be used as a baseline to further examine marine mollusc diversity in Myanmar in the future. Keywords: marine molluscs, distribution, marine mollusc diversity, Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar. INTRODUCTION developed to achieve conservation and sustainable use of the marine biodiversity of Myanmar in the The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is last decade (Holmes et al., 2014). To understand located in mainland Southeast Asia, also known the current state of marine resources in Myanmar, historically as Indochina, along a line separating IUCN Southeast Asia and the Bay of Bengal Large the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia. It Marine Ecosystem Project initiated a project to has a rich diversity of marine species and habitats document the biodiversity of marine molluscs to along a long coastline. The Myanmar marine provide a checklist of species and their distribution territory is extensive, covering about 486,000 km2 in this area as a baseline for conserving and (Wildlife Conservation Society, 2013). The Mergui sustainably using the marine resources of the Archipelago in Myanmar consists of more than Mergui Archipelago. 800 islands. The Southern Mergui Archipelago is in the Dawei Special Economic Zones in the MATERIALS AND METHODS Thanintharyi Region (Boon, 2016). It is known that the shallow waters of the Southeast Asian Marine molluscs were collected from coral coral reefs have the greatest biodiversity of all the reefs and a sandy beach along the islands in the ZRUOG VPDULQHHFRV\VWHPVZKHUHFRUDOV¿VKHVDQG Southern Mergui Archipelago during 3–10 February molluscs abound. A number of policies have been 2014 and 21–30 January 2015. A total of 41 sites 46 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2 (Fig. 1) were surveyed using SCUBA diving during by comparing specimens with illustrations, general daylight. Sites included the shallow waters on the GHVFULSWLRQVDQGVSHFL¿FFKDUDFWHUVLQWKHDYDLODEOH UHHIÀDWDQGWKHUHHIVORSHVWRDPD[LPXPGHSWK literature as follows: Nielsen (1976); Tanasiriwong of about 20 m. An intertidal shoreline survey was (1978); Da Motta and Lenavat (1979); Lamprell conducted on a sandy beach at Lake U island to (1986); Abbott and Dance (1990); Lamprell and obtain as many species as possible. Both living Whitehead (1992); Lim and Wee (1992); Oliver and dead shells were collected, as evidence of the (1992); Wells and Bryce (1993); Wilson (1993, occurrence of species in the area. All nudibranchs 1994); Bussarawit (1995); Aungtonya and Hylleberg were photographed ‘in situ’ and were not collected. (1998); Australian Museum (1998–2010); Kilburn All specimens were recorded and shells cleaned and Hylleberg (1998); Lamprell and Healy (1998); EHIRUH LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ /LYLQJ VSHFLPHQV ZHUH Marshall and Willan (1999); Okutani (2000); Subba preserved in 70% alcohol. Representative specimens Roa and Dey (2000); Tan and Chou (2000); Swennen of all species have been deposited in the mollusc et al. (2001); Robba et al. (2002); Sanpanich et al. collections of the Institute of Marine Science, (2004); Debelius and Kuiter (2007); Coleman %XUDSKD8QLYHUVLW\7KHFODVVL¿FDWLRQXVHGLQWKLV (2008); Apte (2009); Sreeraj et al. (2012); Chavanich study mainly followed Bouchet et al. (2005) and et al. (2013). :R506 7KHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXW Figure 1. Map showed collection sites. 47 A survey of marine mollusc diversity in the southern Mergui archipelago, Myanmar 3 RESULTS species. The highest diversity site was at Kyun Philar Island. The most widespread species were A total of 279 marine macro-mollusc species the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG VSHFLHV RI JDVWURSRGV LQ 1758) (33 sites), the muricid Chicoreus ramosus families, 97 species of bivalves in 26 families and (Linnaeus, 1758) (21 stations), the turbinid Astralium a single species of cephalopod (Sepia pharaonis rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) (19 sites) and the Ehrenberg, 1831). A mean of 21.8 species was wing shell Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) (16 sites) recorded per site. The range was from 4 to 96 (Fig. 2). Table1. Locations of sites and the number of species recorded. Site no. Site name Coordinates Number of Species 1 Saung Gauk Island 9°42.919´N, 98°05.978´E 27 2 Say Tan Island 9°47.779´N, 98°06.117´E 37 3 North Rock 9°53.454´N, 97°57.473´E 18 4 Western Rock 9°51.629´N, 97°52.115´E 18 5 Rocky Pinnacle 9°56.814´N, 97°51.731´E 29 6 North Rocky 10°07.058´N, 97°58.425´E 18 7 South Twin 10°28.316´N, 97°40.652´E 15 8 North Twin 10°38.030´N, 97°41.532´E 36 9 Black Rock 11°23.446´N, 97°39.680´E 35 10 Kyin Pyi Son Island -NW bay 11°19.230´N, 98°00.900´E 23 11 Hlaing Island North Bay 11°20.592´N, 98°00.201´E 38 12 Thar Island North Rocks 11°13.292´N, 98°04.201´E 24 13 Kyun Philar 10°35.262´N, 98°01.594´E 96 14 Pollock Reef 10°29.551´N, 97°58.416´E 12 15 Jar Lann Kyunn 10°24.853´N, 97°56.322´E 39 16 Hlaing Gu Island 10°21.109´N, 98°00.061´E 25 17 Lake U Island (Beach) 10°42.606´N, 98°21.528´E 52 18 Hlaing Gu Island (E) 10°21.147´N, 98°00.061´E 7 19 Three Peaks Island (north of Jarlann) 10°31.034´N, 97°55.260´E 9 20 Thar Island (W) 11°12.182´N, 98°04.867´E 31 21 Khin Pyi Son Island (S) 11°18.714´N, 98°00.958´E 10 22 Khin Oo Island (N) 11°21.027´N, 98°01.385´E 10 23 East Sular Island (E) 11°51.699´N, 97°40.563´E 7 24 Tower Rock 12°03.540´N, 97°38.378´E 17 25 Bailey Island (E) 12°06.775´N, 97°43.357´E 29 26 West Spur 12°15.042´N, 97°45.988´E 11 27 Chevalier Island 12°26.283´N, 97°47.761´E 9 28 Tanangthayi Island (NW) 12°35.432´N, 97°50.557´E 18 48 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2 Site no. Site name Coordinates Number of Species 29 North Pinnacle 12°41.713´N, 97°48.402´E 23 30 Kabuzya Island (S) 12°46.605´N, 97°52.000´E 20 31 Tanangthayi Island (NE) 12°35.699´N, 97°51.317´E 11 32 Rock Island 12°34.798´N, 97°53.356´E 20 33 Bowers Island 12°25.602´N, 98°05.778´E 8 34 Thayawthadangyi Island (NE) 12°22.251´N, 98°02.177´E 12 35 Greenlaw Island 12°12.887´N, 97°56.606´E 29 36 Howe Island (S) 12°06.389´N, 97°58.130´E 21 37 Mee Thway Island (S) 12°01.673´N, 97°57.705´E 10 38 Mee Sane Island (N Rock) 11°58.931´N, 97°58.864´E 9 39 Hlwa Sar Gyi Island (SE) 11°43.192´N, 97°58.333´E 13 40 Saw Mon Hla Island (NE) 11°27.580´N, 98°00.956´E 9 41 A Pha Island (NE) 11°11.733´N, 98°05.365´E 25 42 Rocky Island 10°33.122´N, 98°04.453´E 4 DISCUSSION hour depending on the water depth. Duangdee et al. (2013) reported 59 gastropods and 53 bivalves A total of 279 species of marine molluscs collected from the coral reefs of the Surin Islands, were reported in this study from 42 stations in the Phangnga Province, Thailand in the northern Southern Mergui Archipelago. A variety of coral Andaman Sea in a one-week survey. The number UHHI KDELWDWV ZHUH VXUYH\HG LQFOXGLQJ UHHI ÀDWV of species in the latter study was comparable to the reef walls and reef slopes. A single beach was present study. The greatest diversity found in the surveyed at Lake U Island. Water depths surveyed present study (96 species) was recorded at Kyun ranged from 0 to 20 m.
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