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Kvüõa Toimetised 13/2010
KVÜÕA TOIMETISED 13/2010 ■ CONTRIBUTORS 3 KAITSEVÄE ÜHENDATUD ÕPPEASUTUSED KVÜÕA TOIMETISED 13/2010 ■ Tartu 2010 TEGEVTOIMETAJA (executive editor): Andres Saumets (Estonia) TOIMETUS (editorial board): Ken Kalling (Estonia) Alar Kilp (Estonia) Peeter Kukk (Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Finland) Enno Mõts (Estonia) Erik Männik (Estonia) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Volker Stümke (Germany) KEELETOIMETAJAD (language editors): Karen Kuldnokk (Estonia) Epp Leete (Estonia) Roy Lowthian (United Kingdom) Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Kristiina Haug (Estonia) David W. E. Thomas (United Kingdom) KOLLEEGIUM (editorial council): Aarne Ermus (Estonia) Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Rudolf Hamann (Germany) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Raul Mälk (Estonia) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Eric Allan Sibul (USA) Villu Tamul (Estonia) Peeter Tulviste (Estonia) Matti Turtola (Finland) ISSN 1736–0242 Autoriõigus: Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, 2010 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus www.tyk.ee SISUKORD ■ Toomas Möls Critical and Creative Thinking: Are Innovation and Initiative Welcome in the Military? ........................................................................................ 7 Jaan Murumets Võimepõhise planeerimise alused ........................................................... 18 Toomas Tõniste Taktikaliste otsustusmängude kasutamine jalaväekompanii lahingutegevuse juhtimise õpetamiseks ................................................... 34 Merle Parmak Adverse Effects of Tobacco Use in Deployed Military Units ................ -
Sõjateadlane
SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 13 / 2019 CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES Volume I Religion and Politics in Multicultural Europe: Perspectives and Challenges Edited by Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Volume II Extremism Within and Around Us Edited by Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Volume III The Law of Armed Conflict: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Edited by Rain Liivoja and Andres Saumets Volume IV Sõna sõjast ja sõda sõnast. Tekste ja tõlgendusi War of Words, Words of War. Texts and Interpretations Edited by Andres Saumets and Vladimir Sazonov Volume V Operatsioon “Iraagi vabadus”: kümme aastat hiljem Operation “Iraqi Freedom”: Ten Years Later Edited by Andres Saumets, Holger Mölder and René Värk Volume VI The Crisis in Ukraine and Information Operations of the Russian Federation Edited by Vladimir Sazonov, Andres Saumets and Holger Mölder Volume VII Kümme aastat Vene-Georgia 2008. aasta sõjast: peegeldusi hübriidsõjast ja Venemaa poliiti- listest ambitsioonidest Ten Years after the Russo-Georgian War of 2008: Reflections on Hybrid Warfare and Russia’s Political Ambitions Edited by Karl Salum and Andres Saumets Volume VIII Zapad 2017 infosõja vaatepunktist Zapad 2017 from the Perspective of Information Warfare Edited by Andreas Ventsel, Vladimir Sazonov and Andres Saumets Volume IX Russia, Syria and the West: From the Aftermath of the Arab Spring in the Middle East to Radicalization and Immigration Issues in Europe Edited by Vladimir Sazonov, Illimar Ploom and Andres Saumets ESTONIAN MILITARY ACADEMY -
101 Biograafiat-2021-June.Pdf
101 BIOGRAPHIES The 14th Riigikogu June 17, 2021 Tallinn 2021 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu / Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Marge Allandi, Rita Hillermaa and Piret Pärgma / Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigi- kogu / Estonian edition edited by Gerli Randjärv, English edition by Piret Pärgma / Cover by Tuuli Aule / Layout by Margit Plink / Photos by Erik Peinar ISSN 2674-3205 Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS Members of the 14th Riigikogu 3 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 114 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 117 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 120 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 124 List of Riigikogus 148 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 149 CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 Members MEMBERS OF Merry Aart Uno Kaskpeit Kristen Michal Erki Savisaar THE 14TH RIIGIKOGU Annely Akkermann Erkki Keldo Marko Mihkelson Helir-Valdor Seeder Yoko Alender Kert Kingo Madis Milling Andrus Seeme Tiiu Aro Signe Kivi Aadu Must Sven Sester Riho Breivel Toomas Kivimägi Eduard Odinets Priit Sibul Dmitri Dmitrijev Aivar Kokk Jevgeni Ossinovski Riina Sikkut Ivi Eenmaa Rene Kokk Ivari Padar Imre Sooäär Enn Eesmaa Mihhail Korb Hanno Pevkur Mihhail Stalnuhhin Peeter Ernits Andrei Korobeinik Heljo Pikhof Timo Suslov Hele Everaus Siret Kotka Õnne Pillak Margit Sutrop Kalle Grünthal Heiki Kranich Siim Pohlak Aivar Sõerd Helle-Moonika Helme Igor Kravtšenko Kristina Šmigun-Vähi Anti Poolamets Mart Helme Eerik-Niiles Kross -
HELME KIHELKOND JA VABADUSE RISTI VENNAD Jaak Pihlak, Viljandi Muuseumi Direktor
HELME KIHELKOND JA VABADUSE RISTI VENNAD Jaak Pihlak, Viljandi Muuseumi direktor Käesolev kirjutis on kümnes sarjast, mis on pühendatud Viljandi- maaga seotud Vabaduse Risti kavaleridele. Artiklite aluseks on kihel- kondlik jaotus. Seni on ilmunud ülevaated Kõpu, Tarvastu, Paistu, Karksi, Kolga-Jaani, Suure-Jaani, Halliste, Pilistvere ja Põltsamaa kihel- konnaga seotud ristivendadest (VMA 1998–2006). Järgnevas artiklis käsitletakse mehi, kellel oli kokkupuuteid Helme kihelkonnaga. Vabaduse Rist (VR) ehk rahvapäraselt Vabadusrist on Eesti riiklik teenetemärk, mida annetas Eesti valitsus Vabadussõjas osutatud sõja- liste teenete, lahingutes üles näidatud isikliku vapruse ja mitmesuguste tsiviilteenete (resp kodanliste teenete) eest. Samuti anti see kõrge orden Verduni linnale ning Prantsuse, Inglise ja Itaalia Tundmatule Sõdurile. Lisaks on Vabaduse Rist tsiviilteenete eest määratud 1924. aasta 1. det- sembri mässu mahasurumisel silma paistnud kümnele mehele. Välismaalastele annetati Vabaduse Riste nii Vabadussõja ajal osu- tatud teenete kui Eesti sõjajärgsele rahvusvahelisele tunnustamisele kaasaaitamise eest. Aastatel 1919–1925 jagati üldse kokku 3224 Vabaduse Risti (ET 2000: 429). Ordeni tegelikke saajaid oli aga natuke vähem, 3132, sest mitmele mehele on antud kaks või isegi kolm Vabaduse Risti. Eesti kodanikeks loeti neist 2076 isikut, kellele annetati 2151 teenetemär- ki. Ülejäänud 1056 olid arvatud välismaalasteks ja nemad pälvisid 1073 Vabaduse Risti (EVRKR 2004: 7). Tänaseks on otsene seos selle teene- temärgi kandjatega katkenud, sest 6. oktoobril 2000 suri Karl Jaanus, viimane Vabaduse Risti kavaler. Ta maeti sõjaväeliste austusavalduste saatel Pilistvere kalmistule. Nimetatud ordeni pälvinud Eesti kodanikest ligi 300 pärines ajaloo- liselt Viljandimaalt, mille koosseisu veel Vabadussõja ajal kuulus tervi- kuna Helme kihelkond. Kui siia hulka arvata endise Pärnumaa Halliste ja Karksi kihelkond, mis praegu on Viljandimaa osad, siis kasvab arv oluliselt. -
101 Biographies
101 BIOGRAPHIES The 13th Riigikogu January 1, 2018 Tallinn 2018 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Gerli Eero, Rita Hillermaa and Lii Suurpalu Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigikogu Cover by Tuuli Aule Layout by Margit Plink Photos by Erik Peinar Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS 3 Members of the 13th Riigikogu 114 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 117 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 120 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 124 List of Riigikogus 125 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 161 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 2 MEMBERS OF THE 13TH RIIGIKOGU MEMBERS OF Arto Aas Urmas Kruuse Marko Pomerants Jüri Adams Tarmo Kruusimäe Heidy Purga th THE 13 RIIGIKOGU Raivo Aeg Kalvi Kõva Raivo Põldaru Yoko Alender Külliki Kübarsepp Henn Põlluaas January 1, 2018 Andres Ammas Helmen Kütt Laine Randjärv Krista Aru Ants Laaneots Valdo Randpere Maire Aunaste Kalle Laanet Rein Randver Deniss Boroditš Viktoria Ladõnskaja Martin Repinski Dmitri Dmitrijev Maris Lauri Taavi Rõivas Enn Eesmaa Heimar Lenk Kersti Sarapuu Peeter Ernits Jürgen Ligi Erki Savisaar Igor Gräzin Oudekki Loone Helir-Valdor Seeder Helmut Hallemaa Inara Luigas Sven Sester Hannes Hanso Lauri Luik Priit Sibul Monika Haukanõmm Ain Lutsepp Arno Sild Mart Helme Jaak Madison Mihhail Stalnuhhin Martin Helme Jaanus Marrandi Anne Sulling Andres Herkel Andres Metsoja Märt Sults Remo Holsmer Kristen Michal Aivar Sõerd -
ESTONIAN PERCEPTIONS of SECURITY: NOT ONLY ABOUT RUSSIA and the REFUGEES Viljar Veebel National Defence College (Estonia) Illima
Journal on Baltic Security Vol 2, Issue 2, 2016 ESTONIAN PERCEPTIONS OF SECURITY: NOT ONLY ABOUT RUSSIA AND THE REFUGEES Viljar Veebel National Defence College (Estonia) Illimar PLOOM Tallinn University of Technology (Estonia) ______________ ABSTRACT. The current study focuses on the Estonian perceptions of security and on the defence situation both globally and locally. The dynamic results of the public opinion surveys on security risks conducted in Estonia over the last 10 years (2006- 2016) will be presented. In addition, to understand whether some of the security risks could be over- or underestimated in Estonia, these results will be compared with the views expressed recently by the World Economic Forum, particularly the Global Risks Report 2016. Also, the arguments why some topics have played or are currently playing key role in the Estonian security perception will be presented and discussed. Introduction Several recent crises such as Brexit, the victory of Donald Trump in US presidential elections, the European refugee crisis, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the global financial crisis illustrate unambiguously what could happen when “black swans” or “black elephants” suddenly appear. The term “black swan” was taken to the spotlight of the International relation´s debates by Taleb Nassim (Nassim 2007), referring to unpredictable events with enormous consequences about which we “don’t know that we don’t know”. In most cases we are willing to explain and predict these developments (the “black swans”) only after their occurrence 35 Journal on Baltic Security Vol 2, Issue 1, 2016 (Aven 2013). Following this very logic, the term “black elephant” was introduced by an environmentalist and investor Adam Sweidan and Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Thomas L. -
1.Russian Information Weapons; 2.Baltic Department of Defense, Or the US Defenses (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) Against Government
Sponsor: USEUCOM Contract No.: W56KGU-17-C-0010 Project No.: 0719S120 The views expressed in this document are those of the author Three Discussions of Russian Concepts: and do not reflect the official policy or position of MITRE, the 1.Russian Information Weapons; 2.Baltic Department of Defense, or the US Defenses (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) against government. Russian Propaganda; and 3.Russia’s Development of Non-Lethal Weapons Author: Timothy Thomas March 2020 Approved for Public Release: Distribution Unlimited. Case Numbers 20-0235; 20-0050; 20-0051; 19-3194; and 20-0145. ©2020 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. McClean, VA 1 FOREWORD Russia has long been captivated by the power of information as a weapon, most notably in a historical sense using propaganda to influence and persuade audiences. With the onset of the information age, the concept’s development and application increased dramatically. The power of information-technologies when applied to weaponry increased the latter’s capabilities due to increased reconnaissance and precision applications. The power of social media was used to influence populations both at home and abroad. Both developments fit perfectly into Russia’s information warfare concept, whose two aspects are information-technical and information-psychological capabilities. Information’s universality, covertness, variety of software and hardware forms and implementation, efficiency of use when choosing a time and place of employment, and, finally, cost effectiveness make it a formidable commodity when assessed as weaponry. Russian efforts to define and use IWes are well documented. In the 1990s there were efforts to define information weapons (IWes) at the United Nations, efforts that failed. -
Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States
Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States Edited by Tony Lawrence Tomas Jermalavičius 1 Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States Edited by Tony Lawrence Tomas Jermalavičius International Centre for Defence Studies Toom-Rüütli 12-6 Tallinn 10130 Estonia Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States Edited by Tony Lawrence Tomas Jermalavičius © International Centre for Defence Studies Tallinn, 2013 ISBN: 978-9949-9174-7-1 ISBN: 978-9949-9174-9-5 (PDF) ISBN: 978-9949-9174-8-8 (e-pub) ISBN 978-9949-9448-0-4 (Kindle) Design: Kristjan Mändmaa Layout and cover design: Moonika Maidre Printed: Print House OÜ Cover photograph: Flag dedication ceremony of the Baltic Peacekeeping Battalion, Ādaži, Latvia, January 1995. Courtesy of Kalev Koidumäe. Contents 5 Foreword 7 About the Contributors 9 Introduction Tomas Jermalavičius and Tony Lawrence 13 The Evolution of Baltic Security and Defence Strategies Erik Männik 45 The Baltic Quest to the West: From Total Defence to ‘Smart Defence’ (and Back?) Kęstutis Paulauskas 85 The Development of Military Cultures Holger Mölder 122 Supreme Command and Control of the Armed Forces: the Roles of Presidents, Parliaments, Governments, Ministries of Defence and Chiefs of Defence Sintija Oškalne 168 Financing Defence Kristīne Rudzīte-Stejskala 202 Participation in International Military Operations Piret Paljak 240 Baltic Military Cooperative Projects: a Record of Success Pete Ito 276 Conclusions Tony Lawrence and Tomas Jermalavičius 4 General Sir Garry Johnson Foreword The swift and total collapse of the Soviet Union may still be viewed by some in Russia as a disaster, but to those released from foreign dominance it brought freedom, hope, and a new awakening. -
The Constitution and Interpretation of the Authority Dilemma for the Leadership of the National Defence After Estonia Regained Its Independence
175 The Constitution and Interpretation of the Authority Dilemma for the Leadership of the National Defence After Estonia Regained its Independence Hellar Lill ABSTRACT After the restoration of independence in August 1991, Estonia had no national defence, defence capability or capacity for international defence cooperation. The armed forced had to be ‘invented’. However, this can be regarded as an advantage, since retraining and reorganising an existing system is usually more difficult. The main principles of national defence were established in Chapter 10 of the Constitution, which was approved in a referendum held in June 1992. This chap- ter, which was influenced by the presidential constitution of 1937/1938, did not answer the question of whether the Commander of the Defence Forces would be placed under the authority of the President, the parliament or the govern- ment. Two voluntary national defence organisations, the Defence League and the Home Guard, which competed with each other, already existed in Estonia when the Defence Forces were established. The Ministry of Defence was established even later. There were fears that subordinating the Commander of the Defence Forces to the government may lead to the politicisation of the army and uneven development due to frequent changes of government. These problems were eased by subordinating the commander to the President – however, this caused ten- sion between the Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces Headquarters. The parliament had the right to appoint and remove the Commander of the Defence Forces, but the proposal had to come from the President. This conflict culminated in summer 2000 when the Commander of the Defence Forces was removed as a result of a vote in the Riigikogu, which the President called an issue of civilian control; the removal, as well as the Defence Minister and government keeping their positions, was decided by one vote, allegedly given by accident… 176 Hellar Lill The Constitution was amended in 2011. -
Dissertationes Historiae Universitatis Tartuensis 22
DISSERTATIONES HISTORIAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 22 DISSERTATIONES HISTORIAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 22 ANDRES SEENE Eesti sõjaväe ohvitseride ettevalmistamise süsteemi kujunemine ja areng 1919–1940 Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut, Tartu, Eesti Kaitsmisele lubatud Tartu Ülikooli filosoofiateaduskonna ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituudi nõukogu otsusega 1. juulist 2011. a Juhendaja: dotsent Ago Pajur Oponent: prof. dr. Martti Turtola (Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu, Helsingi) Doktoritöö kaitsmine toimub 29. augustil 2011. a kell 16.15 Tartu Ülikooli nõukogu saalis Tartus, Ülikooli 18 ISSN 1406–443X ISBN 978–9949–19–820–7 (trükis) ISBN 978–9949–19–821–4 (PDF) Autoriõigus Andres Seene, 2011 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus www.tyk.ee Tellimuse nr 478 EESSÕNA Käesoleva väitekirja ainese uurimist alustasin aastatel 2003–2004. Esialgu oli minu eesmärgiks selgitada ja täpsustada vaid Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasu- tuste varasema ajaloo põhifaktoloogiat (1923–1940). Töö käigus selgines ula- tuslik arhiivimaterjal, mis tuli teemasse suurema selguse toomiseks paratamatult põhjalikult läbi töötada. Allikmaterjalidega tutvudes osutus, et uurimisvaldkond on ulatuslikum, kui esialgu oskasin arvata. Selle uurimistöö käigus idanes järk- järgult idee kirjutada sõdadevahelise Eesti Vabariigi sõjakoolide ajalugu. Selgus, et tegemist on Eesti iseseisva riikluse ajaloo peatükiga, mis mõjutas vahetult mitme tuhande inimese elu ja eestlaste mentaliteedi kujunemist üldi- semalt, kuid peamiselt ajaloolis-poliitilistel põhjustel on senini jäänud suurema tähelepanuta. -
Projektskizze Buchprojekt
1 Estonia on the Road to a European Army Viljar Veebel, Baltic Defence College Chapter in “Strategic Autonomy and the Defence of Europe: On the Road to a European Army” (Eds. Hans-Peter Bartels, Anna Maria Kellner, Uwe Optenhögel), ISBN 978-3-8012-0498-3, pp. 152-164 Country background and statistics Estonia has a population of 1.315 million, as of 1 January 2016, about 0.26 per cent of the total population of the EU (Statistics Estonia 2016a). In the past decade, on average, the annual natural birth rate has been negative, at –1,330 people, on average (Statistics Estonia 2016b). Migration involves extensive back-and-forth mobility of Estonian citizens: 52 per cent of immigrants and 69 per cent of emigrants in 2015 were citizens of Estonia. In 2015– 2016, emigration stabilised and the number of immigrants increased (Statistics Estonia 2016b). After the parliamentary elections in March 2015, six political parties exceeded the 5 per cent election threshold. The Estonian Reform Party (RE) won the elections, receiving 30 of the 101 seats in the parliament, followed by the Estonian Centre Party (KE) with 27 seats. The Social Democratic Party (SDE) got 15 seats and the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (IRL) got 14 seats. The newcomer, the Estonian Free Party (VE), received eight seats, and the most radical party, the Conservative Peoples Party of Estonia (EKRE), got seven seats. After the elections, the Reform Party, the Social Democrats and the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union formed a coalition. A second coalition and government was formed in 23. -
Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 18 NO 25 JUN 11- 17, 2008
Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 18 NO 25 JUN 11- 17, 2008 TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTER IN TALLINN FOREIGN NEWS Ansip: EU must Continue Ratifying Lisbon Treaty Jun 16 - Estonian Prime Minister Andrus Ansip said Estonia was in favour of continuing ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, although Ireland rejected it at a referendum. Ansip made the statement in the European Union affairs committee of the Estonian parliament when he informed the committee of Estonia's positions at the European Council. The prime minister said that, although the result of the referendum was a disappointment, the decision of the Irish should be respected. Ali Babacan and Urmas Paet in Tallinn, 13 June. He added that, although the answer to the question how to Starting in Mid-July, Estonian Citizens can Travel to continue was being expected above Turkey Visa-Free all from the Irish, it was not a problem for Ireland alone but for June 13 – Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet met with his the whole European Union. Turkish colleague Ali Babacan, in Estonia for a visit. The two "We cannot agree with appeals discussed bilateral relations, including the implementation of that Ireland must now drop out visa freedom for Estonian citizens, and Turkey’s accession from the European Union or freeze negotiations with the European Union. its membership," Ansip said. In accordance with an agreement between Estonia and Turkey, The prime minister said that Estonian citizens will be able to travel to Turkey visa-free starting from Estonia was in favour of all the the middle of July.