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Bryozoa, Candidae) Leandro Manzoni Vieira Revisão taxonômica do gênero Scrupocellaria van Beneden (Bryozoa, Candidae) São Paulo 2012 Leandro Manzoni Vieira Revisão taxonômica do gênero Scrupocellaria van Beneden (Bryozoa, Candidae) Taxonomic revision of the genus Scrupocellaria van Beneden (Bryozoa, Candidae) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas, na Área de Zoologia. Orientador: Alvaro Esteves Migotto Co-Orientadora: Judith Ellen Winston São Paulo 2012 Vieira, Leandro Manzoni Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Scrupocellaria van Beneden (Bryozoa, Candidae) 253 páginas Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Zoologia. 1. Briozoários 2. Taxonomia 3. Filogenia I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia. Comissão Julgadora: Prof(a). Dr(a) Prof(a). Dr(a) Prof(a). Dr(a) Profa. Dra. Judith Ellen Winston Prof. Dr. Alvaro Esteves Migotto Co-Orientadora Orientador Esta dissertação não constitui publicação no sentido do artigo 9 do ICZN e portanto quaisquer atos nomenclaturais nela contidos tornam-se sem efeito para princípios de prioridades e de homonímia. This dissertation should not be considered as a publication in the sense of the article 9 of the ICZN, therefore, any nomenclatural acts herein proposed are considered void for the principles of priority and homonymy. Aos meus pais, William e Célia, por todo carinho, apoio e incentivo Agradecimentos Ao meus orientadores, Dr. Alvaro Esteves Migotto e Dra. Judith Ellen Winston (Judy), por todo ensinamento e atenção durante todo o estudo. Agradeço em especial à Judy pela hospitalidade durante a visita aos EUA. Ao Instituto de Biociências da USP, em especial ao Departamento de Zoologia, pela oportunidade de realizar os estudos de pós-graduação. A todos os órgãos e agências que auxiliaram direta e indiretamente este projeto: CNPq e FAPESP, pela bolsa de doutorado; PROAP/CAPES, CAPES, CNPq e FAPESP, pelo auxílio na coleta de material ao longo da costa brasileira; FAPESP e International Bryozoology Association, pelo auxílio financeiro durante o estudo no exterior. Ao Centro de Biologia Marinha da USP e Museu de Zoologia da USP, pelo espaço cedido para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Gostaria de agradecer aos centros/museus que me receberam durante o estudo: Virginia Museum of Natural History (VMNH, EUA), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH, EUA), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ, EUA), Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (NMNH, EUA), Natural History Museum of London (NHMUK, Reino Unido), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, França), Musée océanographique de Monaco (MOM, Monaco), Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit (Naturalis, Holanda). À Mary Spencer Jones (NHMUK), pela ajuda na realização do trabalho junto à coleção de Bryozoa do NHMUK e na obtenção das fotografias de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de espécimes depositados nas coleções do NHMUK, MNHN, MOM, MM e Naturalis. Agradeço também pela gentil hospitalidade em sua casa em Londres em 2012. Vários pesquisadores tornaram possível a comparação dos espécimes: Adam Baldinger e Robert Woollacott (MCZ), Christine LeBeau e Estefania Rodriguez (AMNH), Elly J. Beglinger e Koss Egmond (Naturalis), Facelúcia Barros Cortês Souza (UFBA), Henry W. Chaney (SBMN), Henry Mcghie (Manchester Museum), JoAnn Sanner e Linda Cole (NMNH), Kevin Tilbrook (Queensland Museum), Marcos D.S. Tavares e Aline Benetti (MZUSP), Mary Spencer Jones (NHMUK), Michelè Bruni (MOM), Pierre Lozouet e Jean-Loup d’Hondt (MNHN), Piotr Kuklinski (Institute of Oceanology PAS) e Dr. Judith E. Winston (VMNH). Vários pesquisadores contribuíram diretamente na discussão dos resultados, em especial ao Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Marques (IBUSP), Dr. Björn Berning (University of Graz), Dr. Andrew Ostrovsky (Universität Wien), Dr. Dennis P. Gordon (NIWA), Dr. Jean-Georges Harmelin (Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille), Dr. Karin Hoch Fehlauer-Ale (CEBIMar/USP), Dr. Kevin Tilbrook (Queensland Museum), Dr. Paul Taylor (NHMUK),.Dr. Oscar Reverter-Gil e Dr. Javier Souto. Aos que ajudaram com as coletas e envio de material: Karin Hoch Fehlauer-Ale, Ezequiel Ale, Cláudio Gonçalves Tiago, Rosana Moreira Rocha, Monica Dorigo Correia, Hilda Helena Sovieszoski, Alvaro Alterkinch Borba Jr., Victor Ribeiro Cedro, Luiz Ricardo Lopes de Simone, Carlo Magenta Cunha, Eduardo Honuma, Joseilto M. de Oliveira e Joseph M. E. van Sebroeck (in memorian). A Gisele Kawauchi, pela gentil estadia em sua casa em Cambridge, e ajuda durante a minha visita ao Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (USA). Aos amigos biólogos, em especial aos amigos do CEBIMar, Cláudio, Karin, Ezequiel, Marcelo, Karine e Bruno (Nelas), e do MZUSP, Carlo Magenta, Luis Simone, Aline Benetti e Guilherme Ide, pelo apoio e pelos momentos descontraídos. Agradeço ao meu primo Gustavo e meus amigos, Pablo, Filipe (Bob), Sgarbi, Jayme, Núbia e Nayara por todo apoio e amizade. Aos meus pais, irmãos e avós, por todo apoio e incentivo. À Leila, por todo carinho, companheirismo e compreensão. Índice INTRODUÇÃO GERAL .......................................................................................... 1 Morfologia ................................................................................................... 2 Objetivos gerais .......................................................................................... 6 Referências ................................................................................................. 9 THE IDENTITY OF SERTULARIA REPTANS LINNAEUS, 1758 (BRYOZOA, CANDIDAE) 11 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 13 Introduction ............................................................................................... 13 Material and Methods ................................................................................ 14 Linnaeus’s herbarium specimens .............................................................. 14 Provenance of Linnaeus’s specimens ....................................................... 15 Scrupocellaria reptans: a widespread or complex species? ...................... 17 Taxonomic account ................................................................................... 19 Discussion ................................................................................................. 24 References ................................................................................................ 25 REDESCRIPTION OF ACHAMARCHIS JOLLOISII, A NEW NONINDIGENOUS BRYOZOAN SPECIES IN ATLANTIC WATERS, AND THE RESURRECTION OF THE GENUS LICORNIA VAN BENEDEN, 1850 ....................................................................................... 47 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 49 Introduction ............................................................................................... 49 Materials and Methods .............................................................................. 50 Taxonomic account ................................................................................... 51 Additional species of Licornia .................................................................... 54 Discussion ................................................................................................. 56 References ................................................................................................ 58 A NEW BRYOZOAN GENUS FOR SCRUPOCELLARIA BERTHOLLETII (AUDOUIN) (CHEILOSTOMATA, CANDIDAE): TAXONOMY, BIODIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION ....... 73 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 75 Introduction ............................................................................................... 75 Material and Methods ................................................................................ 76 Taxonomic account ................................................................................... 77 Key to species of N.gen.1 ....................................................................... 114 Discussion ............................................................................................... 116 References .............................................................................................. 117 EVIDENCE OF POLYPHYLY OF THE GENUS SCRUPOCELLARIA (BRYOZOA, CANDIDAE) BASED ON A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS .......... 185 Abstract ................................................................................................... 187 Introduction ............................................................................................. 187 Materials and Methods ............................................................................ 188 Results and Discussion ........................................................................... 189 Taxonomic account ................................................................................. 193 References .............................................................................................. 199 Appendix 4.I ............................................................................................ 201 Appendix 4.II ........................................................................................... 203 Appendix 4.III .........................................................................................
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