Chapter - 4

Disposal of cases by Police and Courts

In this chapter it is intended to analyse Government, cases compounded/withdrawn, effectiveness of police in detection & cases convicted and cases investigation of crimes and to understand the acquitted/discharged during the year. Cases patterns of cases disposed of by various trials convicted and cases acquitted/discharged courts. The disposal of cases registered under during the year have sub-categorised as, cases various sections of IPC and SLL by police and convicted or acquitted/discharged out of cases courts have been further categorised in order to registered during the same year and out of collect detail data on disposal of cases by cases registered in previous years. police and courts. The cases investigated by police have been further sub-categorized as Disposal by Police final reports submitted declaring case as false, (Decadal Variations) cases as mistake of fact or of law, or as non- The quantum of work-load relating to cognizable and cases in which charge-sheets IPC cases investigated and cases disposed of not laid but final reports were submitted as true by police during the last four decades are cases. Besides, data on cases in which presented in Table 4(A). It is observed that the charge-sheets have been submitted, out of cases charge-sheeted to total true cases cases registered during the same year and out investigated increased considerably from of cases registered during previous years have 67.9% in the year 1984 to 77.7% in the year also been collected. 2015 although the percentage of cases in

Similarly, cases disposal at various which investigation was completed to total stages of trials by courts have further been cases for investigation has declined from categorised as cases withdrawn by 81.0% in the year 1984 to 71.6% in 2015. Table 4(A) Disposal of IPC Crime Cases by Police-Decadal Picture No. of Cases Investigated S. No. Year Total No. of Percentage of Cases for Cases Investigation (including Found Charge- Total True Total* Investi- Charge- Previous F/NC/MF# Sheeted cases@ (Col. 4+6) gated sheeted Year Pending Col.(7/3) Col.(5/6) Cases) x100 X100 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1 1984 16,62,723 1,28,811 8,26,756 12,17,800 13,46,611 81.0 67.9 2 1994 20,77,631 1,14,877 11,09,030 14,97,368 16,12,245 77.6 74.1 3 2004 23,03,354 1,03,249 13,17,632 16,51,944 17,55,193 76.2 79.8 4 2005 23,65,658 1,00,183 13,67,268 16,93,652 17,93,835 75.8 80.7 5 2006 24,47,063 1,01,372 13,74,282 17,04,802 18,06,174 73.8 80.6 6 2007 26,26,687 1,23,434 14,75,711 18,41,411 19,64,845 74.8 80.1 7 2008 27,52,687 1,22,211 15,47,188 19,39,738 20,61,949 74.9 79.8 8 2009 28,08,468 1,26,677 15,05,951 19,20,143 20,46,820 72.9 78.4 9 2010 29,85,719 1,34,997 15,98,272 20,21,260 21,56,257 72.2 79.1 10 2011 31,46,326 1,42,804 16,89,881 21,44,193 22,86,997 72.7 78.8 11 2012 32,43,783 1,44,539 17,74,150 22,50,497 23,95,036 73.8 78.8 12 2013 34,94,804 1,54,798 18,99,576 23,89,963 25,44,761 72.8 79.5 13 2014 37,93,771 2,20,098 19,97,540 25,07,945 27,28,043 71.9 79.2 14 2015 40,10,195 2,20,786 20,56,716 26,48,609 28,69,395 71.6 77.7 # F/NC/MF - False / Non Cognizable / Mistake of fact. @ Including cases charge-sheeted + final report submitted. * Excluding cases where investigation was refused.

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DISPOSAL PERCENTAGE OF IPC CRIME CASES BY POLICE DURING 2015 (All India 71.6)

Disposal Percentage

upto 50.0 Note: 50.1 to 60.0 Disposal Percentage of IPC cases by police means 60.1 to 70.0 percentage of cases investigated and cases in which investigation was not done by police out of the total 70.1 to 80.0 cases for investigation (including pending cases of previous year) under IPC. 80.1 to 90.0 Above 90.0 Map Powered by DevInfo, UNICEF

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CHARGESHEETING RATE OF IPC CRIMES DURING 2015 (All India 77.7)

Chargesheeting Rate

upto 60.0 60.1 to 70.0 Note: Chargesheeting Rate means percentage of cases 70.1 to 80.0 chargesheeted out of total true cases (cases in which chargesheet not laid but final report submitted as true + 80.1 to 85.0 cases chargesheeted) under IPC. 85.1 to 90.0 Above 90.0 Map Powered by DevInfo, UNICEF Crime in India-2015 69

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Crime in India-2015 71 Disposal of IPC Cases by Police during and in 82,051 cases charge-sheets were not the Year laid but final reports as true cases were submitted during 2015. A total of 3,00,416 There were 40,10,195 cases (including cases were pending for investigation at the end of 10,67,102 cases pending from previous of 2015. The charge-sheeting rate was 98.1% years and 29,49,400 cases reported during the and only 6.5% cases were pending for year) for investigation during the year 2015. investigation in respect of SLL crimes. The details may be seen in Table 4.3. Out of these 40,10,195 cases, in 1,13,388 cases police submitted final report Out of 42,52,670 SLL crime cases in declaring the cases as false, in 89,549 cases which charge-sheets were submitted during final report were submitted as mistake of fact or 2015, 41,02,389 cases were registered in of law during 2015. A total of 20,56,716 cases same year i.e. 2015 whereas 1,50,281 charge- were charge-sheeted by police and in 5,91,893 sheeted cases were registered in previous cases charge-sheets were not laid but final years, accounting for 96.5% and 3.5% of total reports as true cases were submitted. At the charge-sheeted cases respectively. end of 2015, a total of 11,40,800 cases under various sections of IPC were pending for It is noteworthy that in general, States investigation. The details of crime head-wise have reported much higher charge-sheeting disposal may be seen in Table 4.1. rate of SLL crime cases in comparison to IPC cases. Out of 20,56,716 IPC crime cases in which charge-sheets were submitted during Chhattisgarh (100.0%), Dadra & Nagar 2015, 16,13,268 cases were registered in Haveli (100.0%), Daman & Diu (100.0%), same year i.e. in 2015 whereas 4,43,448 Lakshadweep (100.0%), Madhya Pradesh chargesheeted cases were registered in (99.9%), Gujarat (99.8%), A & N Islands previous years, accounting for 78.4% and (99.8%), Odisha (99.4%), Uttarakhand (99.2%), 21.6% of total charge-sheeted cases Kerala (99.1%) and Maharashtra (98.8%) have respectively. reported higher charge-sheet rate compared to national average chargesheet rate of 98.1% A chargesheet rate of 77.7% was during 2015. Disposal of SLL crimes by police reported under total IPC crimes during 2015. can be seen in Table 4.4. The highest charge-sheeting rate of IPC cases during 2015 was observed in Lakshadweep Disposal by Courts (100.0%) followed by Kerala (97.8%), Madhya (Decadal Variations) Pradesh (93.3%), Andhra Pradesh (91.9%), Mizoram (91.0%) and Tripura (88.0%). Delhi Time series comparative table on UT submitted charge-sheets in only 26.7% of quantum of IPC cases for trial before courts cases investigated. The State/UT-wise details and the number of cases tried by courts may be seen in Table 4.2. resulting in conviction etc. during last four decades are presented in Table 4(B). Disposal of SLL Cases by Police during the Year The percentage of cases tried by courts to total cases for trial during 2012 to 2015 was A total of 46,46,419 cases (including of around 12.6% whereas four decades ago i.e. in 2,78,746 cases pending from previous years 1984 this percentage was 29.9%. Hence and 43,76,699 cases reported during the year) percentage disposal of cases has decreased under SLL were for investigation during 2015. during the said period. The percentage of After investigation by police, in 4,564 cases cases convicted to total cases in which trials final reports were submitted declaring these completed by courts (conviction rate) during cases as false, in 6,069 cases final reports 1985 was as high as 62.7%. The conviction were submitted as mistake of fact or of law and rate has declined in subsequent years and in in 649 cases final reports as non-cognizable 2013 it stood at 40.2%. However, the were submitted by police. A total of 42,52,670 conviction rate has thereafter improved cases charge-sheets were submitted by police significantly and stood at 46.9% in 2015.

Crime in India-2015 72 DISPOSAL PERCENTAGE OF IPC CRIME CASES BY COURTS DURING 2015 (All India 14.2)

Disposal Percentage

upto 5.0 Note: Disposal Percentage of IPC crime cases by courts is the 5.1 to 10.0 number of cases compounded/withdrawn or in which trial 10.1 to 15.0 was completed expressed as a percentage of total number of cases for trial (including cases pending trial from 15.1 to 20.0 previous year) under IPC. 20.1 to 30.0 Above 30.0 Map Powered by DevInfo, UNICEF Crime in India-2015 73

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Crime in India-2015 75 Table 4(B) Disposal of IPC Crime Cases by Courts (Decadal Picture)

Sl. Year Total No. of Cases No. of Cases Percentage of No. for Trial (Including Cases Pending Tried* Convicted Trial Completed Conviction from Previous [(Col. 4 / [(Col. 5 / Years) Col.3) X 100] Col. 4) X 100]

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 1 1974 13,07,933 3,63,565 2,27,800 27.8 62.7 2 1984 26,02,593 5,95,257 2,94,221 22.9 49.4 3 1994 47,59,521 7,36,797 3,16,245 15.5 42.9 4 2004 67,68,713 9,57,311 4,06,621 14.1 42.5 5 2005 69,91,508 10,13,240 4,30,091 14.5 42.4 6 2006 71,92,451 10,44,120 4,47,516 14.5 42.9 7 2007 74,73,521 10,25,689 4,33,929 13.7 42.3 8 2008 78,33,842 10,52,623 4,48,475 13.4 42.6 9 2009 81,30,053 10,25,781 4,27,655 12.6 41.7 10 2010 85,49,655 11,41,031 4,64,128 13.3 40.7 11 2011 89,39,161 12,11,225 4,97,996 15.4 41.1 12 2012 93,28,085 12,52,138 4,82,260 13.4 38.5 13 2013 97,81,426 12,90,148 5,18,126 13.2 40.2 14 2014 99,30,625 13,41,386 6,05,144 13.5 45.1 15 2015 1,05,02,256 13,25,989 6,21,320 12.6 46.9 * Excluding withdrawn/compounded cases. Disposal of IPC Cases by Courts during (82.3%), Lakshadweep (71.4%) and Nagaland 2015 (69.6%). The less conviction rates were A total of 1,05,02,256 IPC cases reported from Daman & Diu (5.4%), D & N (which include 84,53,784 cases pending from Haveli (7.8%) and Odisha (9.5%). The previous years and 20,56,716 cases sent for State/UT-wise such details may be seen in trial during the year) were for trial in the Table 4.6. country during 2015. In 13,25,989 cases trials were completed, out of which 6,21,320 cases Disposal of SLL Cases by Courts during ended in convictions and 7,04,669 cases 2015 ended as acquittal or discharge of accused A total of 1,00,74,819 SLL cases were persons during 2015. A total of 90,13,983 for trial in the country during 2015. In cases were pending for trial at the end of 35,55,630 cases trials were completed. 2015. The conviction rate achieved under IPC 32,84,771 cases ended in conviction and crime cases was 46.9% and 85.8% cases 2,70,859 cases ended in acquittal or discharge reported under IPC were remained pending of accused persons. At the end of 2015, trial. Crime head-wise such details may be 64,98,999 SLL cases were pending for trial. seen in Table 4.5. The conviction rate of SLL cases at all India

Out of 6,21,320 IPC crime cases level was 92.4% which is almost double of the ended in conviction during 2015, 2,33,765 conviction rate of IPC cases (46.9%). 64.5% such convicted cases were registered in same cases were pending trial at the end of 2015. year i.e. 2015 whereas 3,87,555 convicted Crime head-wise such details may be seen in cases were registered in previous years, Table 4.7. accounting for 37.6% and 62.4% of total Out of 32,84,771 SLL crime cases convicted cases respectively. Hence in IPC convicted by courts during 2015, 26,97,106 related crimes more than half of cases (62.4%) convicted cases were registered in same year ended in conviction were cases registered in i.e. 2015 whereas 5,87,665 convicted cases previous years. were registered in previous years, accounting

The highest conviction rate of IPC for 82.1% and 17.9% of total convicted cases cases was reported from Mizoram (93.8%) respectively. The details may be seen in Table followed by Puducherry (86.0%), Kerala 4.7.

Crime in India-2015 76 CONVICTION RATE OF IPC CRIME CASES DURING 2015 (All India 46.9)

Conviction Rate

upto 20.0

20.1 to 30.0 Note: Conviction Rate means percentage of cases convicted out 30.1 to 40.0 of cases in which trials completed under IPC 40.1 to 50.0 50.1 to 60.0 Above 60.0 Map Powered by DevInfo, UNICEF

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Majority of SLL cases (82.1%) which Duration of Completion of Trials by Various ended in conviction were of current year i.e. Courts during 2015 cases registered in 2015 only. The trials were completed in 13.7% cases (1,81,806 out of 13,25,989 cases) in less The higher conviction rates of SLL than 6 months. Time taken for completion of cases were reported from Lakshadweep trials in respect of 2,78,314 cases was 6 (100.0%), Uttar Pradesh (98.8%), Andaman & months to less than 12 months, accounting for Nicobar Island (98.5%), Chhattisgarh (97.6%), 21.0% of total cases in which trials completed. Kerala (97.4%) and Uttarakhand (93.4%). The 4,10,490 cases took 1 year to 3 years for less conviction rates were reported from completion of trials which accounted for 30.9% Daman & Diu (0.0%), Odisha (5.7%), Goa of total tried. In 2,81,580 cases , it took 5 years (10.1%) and Assam (19.4%). The State/UT- – less than 10 years constituting and in 36,097 wise such details may be seen in Table 4.8. cases, it took 10 years or more for completion of trials, accounting for 10.4% and 2.7% of total cases in which trials completed. Such details may be seen in Table 4.9.

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