REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA FIRST NATIONAL REPORT On
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REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA FIRST NATIONAL REPORT on BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Authors: dr. Alexandru Teleut г (Project Manager), dr. Arcadie Capcelea (material analysis), dr. Petru Coc оrl г (material analysis), dr. habil. Tatiana Constantinov, dr. habil. Andrei Negru, dr. habil. Ion Todera є, dr. Dionisie Boaghie, dr. Mihai Gheorghit г, dr. Angela Lozan, Victor Zubarev International expert: dr. Anghelut г V гdineanu World Bank Coordinators: Ph. D. Phillip Brylski, Anatol Gobjil г Scientific Editor: dr. habil. Ion Dediu National Coordinating Committee: dr. habil. Valentin Bobeic г (chairman, Ministry of Environment and Territorial Development), dr. habil. Ion Todera є (Institute of Zoology, ASM), dr. Dumitru Drumea (National Institute of Ecology), dr. Andrei Dumbr гveanu („Ave-Natura” NGO), dr. Alexei Palancean (State Forestry Service), Andrei Conifescu (Ministry of Finance), Alecu Renit г (NG Organisation „Ecological Movement” of the Republic of Moldova), Mihai Rapcea (Ministry of Agriculture and Processing Industry) Official Reviewers: dr. habil. Alexandru Ciubotaru, dr. Andrei Munteanu With the participation of: Institute of Botany, ASM: dr. habil. Mihai Bodrug, dr. habil. Alexandru Ciubotaru, dr. habil. Vasile Florea, dr. habil. Ana Єtef вrt г, dr. Valentina Cantemir, dr. Ion Junghietu, dr. Єtefan Lazu, dr. Gheorghe Simonov, Afanasie Istrati Institute of Zoology, ASM: dr. Ion Chiriac, dr. Andrei Munteanu, dr. Maria Negru, dr. Mircea Vicol, dr. Mihai Vladimirov, dr. Nicolai Zubcov, Marin Usat вi Istitute of Geography, ASM: dr. habil. Andrei Ursu, dr. Dumitru Capu є, dr. Olga Cazanteva, dr. Ilie Mangul, dr. Efrem M оtul, dr. Maria Mucilo, dr. Ghenadie S вrodoev, Vasile Cozma, Gavril G вlc г, Aureliu Overcenco Istitute of Genetics, ASM: dr. habil. Pavel Chintea, Ion Cotofan National Institute of Ecology: dr. Dumitru Drumea, dr. Efim Sergentu, dr. Mihai Bolfosu National Institute of Research and Planning „Urban-project”: Gheorghe V оsotchi Moldova State University: dr. habil. Mina Lozan, dr. habil. Petru Obuh, dr. Mihai M вrza, Larisa Bulat Agrarian State University: dr. Iachim Gumeniuc, dr. Svetlana Manole Ministry of Environment and Territorial Development: dr. habil. Valentin Sofroni, dr. Ion Bejenaru, Valeriu Balan, Angela Bularga, Mihai Coca, Andrei Isac, Sergiu Magd вl, Ludmila Munteanu, Ala Rotaru, Nicu Vrednic Ministry of Agriculture and Processing Industry: dr. Valentin Cr вє maru. State Forestry Service: Ion Haralampov, Petru Rotaru Scientific Reservations: „Codrii” – dr. Єtefan Manic, „Plaiul Fagului” – dr. Petru Cuza Centre of Vegetable Genetic Resources: dr. Anatol Ganea Non-governmental Organizations: „Asociatia Zoologilor din Republica Moldova” – dr. Zaharia Neculiseanu, „Biotica” – dr. Tatiana Izverscaia, dr. Alexei Andreev, „Ecospectru” – dr. Vasile Buc гtel, „Mi єcarea Ecologist г din Republica Moldova” – dr. Vasile Scorpan, „Protectia biodiversit гtii” – dr. habil. Gheorghe Postolache, „Societatea de Botanic г din Republica Moldova” – dr. Gheorghe G вnju, dr. Veceaslav Ghendov, dr. Vadim Baclanov Project Secretariate: Ion Palancean, Natalia Brasnuev The maps has been elaborated by the experts of the Institute of Geography, the Istitute of Botany and the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. The pictures have been presented by the authors and participants in the project elaboration. PREFACE.................................................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 7 GLOSSARY............................................................................................................................... 8 I. COUNTRY OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Physico-geographical conditions............................................................................................... 9 1.2. Human settlements.................................................................................................................... 9 1.3. Economy .................................................................................................................................... 9 II. BIODIVERSITY: CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT........................ 11 2.1. Biogeographical zones ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2. Lanscape diversity ................................................................................................................... 11 2.3. 2.3. Structural and functional diversity of ecosystems ............................................................ 12 2.3.1. Ecosystems diversity ............................................................................................................ 12 a) Forest ecosystems................................................................................................................. 12 b) Steppe ecosystems ............................................................................................................... 13 c) Meadow ecosystems ............................................................................................................. 13 d) Petrophyte ecosystems ......................................................................................................... 13 e) Aquatic and paludous ecosystems........................................................................................ 14 f) Agricultural ecosystems.......................................................................................................... 14 g) Urban ecosystems................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.2. Correlation between natural and anthropogenic ecosystems.............................................. 14 2.4. Ecosystems and communities of prime importance for biodiversity conversation.................. 15 2.5. Species and genetic diversity.................................................................................................. 16 2.5.1. Current status of flora and the trends of its changing .......................................................... 16 a) Relict and endermic species.................................................................................................. 16 b) Endangered and vulnerable species..................................................................................... 16 c) Iwasive and alien species ...................................................................................................... 18 2.5.2. Current status of fauna and the trends of its changing ........................................................ 19 a) Relict and endemic species................................................................................................... 19 b) Endangered and vulnerable species..................................................................................... 19 c) Invasive and alien species..................................................................................................... 20 d) Migratory species................................................................................................................... 21 2.5.3. Microorganisms current status ............................................................................................. 22 III.ESTIMATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, THEIR USE AND DYNAMICS.................. 23 3.1. Forest resources...................................................................................................................... 23 3.2. Genetic resources.................................................................................................................... 26 3.3. Piscicultural resources............................................................................................................. 27 3.4. Resources of agricultural plants and domestic animals.......................................................... 27 3.5. Genetic resources.................................................................................................................... 28 3.6. Biotechnologies and genetically modified organisms.............................................................. 29 3.7. Recreational utilization of natural biological resources ........................................................... 30 IV. IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA .................... 31 4.1. Natural impact.......................................................................................................................... 31 4.2. Anthropogenic impact on biodiversitz in different social-economic sectors............................ 31 4.3. Level of radiation ..................................................................................................................... 35 4.4. Strongly endangered ecosystems and species....................................................................... 35 V. CURRENT ACTIVITIES ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ......................................... 37 5.1. Policy and national legislation in biodiversity conservation..................................................... 37 5.1.1. Main trends of ecology policy ............................................................................................... 37 5.1.2. Legal background ................................................................................................................