A Therapeutic Study of Vishwavilwadi Gulika in Dushivishajanya Vicharchika

wjpmr, 2019,5(6), 179-188 SJIF Impact Factor: 4.639 WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL Review Article Krishna . World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr.com WJPMR

A THERAPEUTIC STUDY OF VISHWAVILWADI GULIKA IN DUSHIVISHAJANYA VICHARCHIKA

Dr. Krishna Singh*

J. S. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya College Road, Nadiad, Gujarat 387001.

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Krishna Singh

J. S. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya College Road, Nadiad, Gujarat 387001.

Article Received on 16/04/2019 Article Revised on 06/05/2019 Article Accepted on 27/05/2019

ABSTRACT

A study conducted in Kerala state by Dermatology and Venerology department, Kasturba Medical College,

Mangalore found that 11.6% patients suffered from dermatological problems. Of these, 43.41% had cutaneous infection and 57.7% had non-infectious dermatoses. In the non-infectious group eczema took an upper hand as 32.19%. From the other parts of the country also; similar reports were found. Hence, even now there is a need to have a better, safer treatment with cent percent success rate for this disease.

KEYWORD: Vishavilwadi Gulika, Dushivisha (slow acting low potency poison) Vicharchika, (Eczema) Visha

(Poison).

Need and Significance of the study A dushivisha owing to its enfeebled potency, it looses its The Handbook of Dermatology by Dr. D.J. Barker says fatality and as a consequence of its being covered over before treatment commences it must be clearly explained with kapha it is retained in the system for a number of to the patients that regular therapy is essential and the years.[3] Dalhanacharya, says that if any poison, that does eczema can be greatly improved but not cured. not contain all the ten natural gunas(property) of poison, i.e. devoid of few gunas, is incapable of producing acute While carefully recording the past-history, lifestyle, food symptoms of poisoning. habits etc. of such patients, it was found that they presented the chance of affliction by Dushivisha slow Due to the low potency it usually does not cause sudden acting latent poison). The investigator is with an death and because it is enveloped by kapha, it is retained impression that Vicharchika (eczema) cases with in the body for a long period without producing any Dushivisha(slow acting low potency poison)[1] as the grave or fatal symptoms. causative factor may not get a proper response by medicines until and unless a vishaghna (antitoxic) drug is Vicharchika (eczema) also administered. Based on this idea and in the light of Vicharchika (eczema) is elaborately explained in above facts, Vishvilwadigulika was selected for the Ayurvedic texts as Ksudra Kushtha It is characterized study. with itching, boil, darkness and profuse oozing.[4] Chakrapani has explained that kshudrakushta has alpa Dushivisha (slow acting low potency poison): The type (less) dosha and lakshanas (symptoms) in comparison to of visha (poison) which itself gets constantly polluted on mahakushta.[5] account of the various factors as geographical conditions, time, diet and day sleeping, it contaminates the tissues, MATERIAL AND METHOD and is therefore called Dushivisha.[1] Vishavilwadi gulika the research drug is mentioned in

Kriyakoumudi (visha (poison) textbook in malyalam Poisons, whether inanimate, animate or artificial, which language in Darvikaraprakarana (cobra bite treatment). have not been fully eliminated from the system, which Traditional visha (poison) practitioners of Kerala have are old and have become enfeebled due to the action of been using this drug effectively in the management of anti-poisonous drugs upon them or which have become snake bite and many skin diseases. dried by the fire, wind and the sun, or which are naturally devoid of their specific properties are designated as Selection of the Drug Dushivisha.[2] The drug selected in this study is Vishavilwadi gulika

which is a combination of herbs. Preparation is in the form of gulika (pills). This study is to test the efficacy of www.wjpmr.com 179 Krishna. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Vishavilwadi gulika in Dushivishajanya vicharchika (eczema caused by slow latent poison). The medium Details of individual drugs used for processing the gulika (pills) is Bastha mootra 1. Vilwa (goat’s urine). Botanical name - Aegle marmelos Corr Family - Rutaceae In this study a drug should have both vishaghna as well Sanskrit name - Vilwa, Sreephala as kushtaghna property, so vishavilwadi gulika is a English name - Bael logical choice. Synonyms - Maloora, Silosha, Shandilya Parts used - Fruit, leaves and root. Ingredients of Vishavilwadi Gulika  Vilwa Aegle marmelos Corr. Pharmacodynamics  Surasa Ocimum Sanctum Rasa - Madhura  Karanja Pongamia glabra Vent. Guna - Laghu  Tagara Valeriana wallichii DC Virya - Sheeta  Devadaru Cedrus deodara Roxb. Vipaka - Madhura  Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz. Doshaghnata - Tridosha  Amalaki Emblica officinalis Gaertn.  Vibhitaki Terminalia bellerica Roxb.  Nagara Zingiber officinale Roxb.  Maricha Piper nigrum Linn.  Pippali Piper longum Linn.  Haridra Curcuma longa Linn.  Darvi Berberis aristata DC  Nili Indigofera tinctoria Linn.  Isvari Aristolochia indica Linn.  Patha Cyclea peltata Lam.  Bastha Mootra Goat’s Urine Chemical Constituents - Auraptene, Coumarins, Glycosides Therapeutic action & Uses - Vatavyadhi, Sotha, Sula, Agnimandhya, Chardi, Mutrakrchra, Amavata, Mutrala

2. Surasa Botanical name - Ocimum sanctum Linn Family - Labiatae Sanskrit name - Surasa English name - Holy basil Synonyms - Labia, Apetharakshasy, Sulabha, Tulasi, Haripriya, Vishnupriya Parts used - Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, Roots

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Guna - Laghu, Rooksha, Tiksna Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Vata, Kapha, Pitta,

Chemical constituents - Fixed oil, Mucilage Therapeutic action and Uses - Ruchikrt, Deepana, Dahakrt, Krimighna, Vishahara, Vranasodhaka, Hridya

3. Karanja Botanical name - Pongamia glabra vent Family - Leguminosae Sanskrit name - Putika English name - Indian beech Synonyms - Kuberakshi, Dhanadaksha, Kubera, Kuberanetri, Dusparsha, Puthiparna, Manjaripushpa, Lajapushpa, Gucchaka Parts used - Stem bark, root bark, leaves, fruits and oil from the seeds.

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Katu, Tikta

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Guna - Tiksna Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Kaphavata

Chemical constituents - Fixed oil, Flavones, Traces of essential oil Therapeutic action and Uses - Krimijit, Kushtaghna, Vranasodhana

4. Tagara Botanical name - Valeriana Wallichii, DC Family - Valerianaceae Sanskrit name - Nata English name - Indian Valerian Synonyms - Kudil, Vakra, Kalanusari, Kalanusarika Parts used - Root

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta, katu, kashaya Guna - Laghu, Snigdha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Tridosha, Rakta

Chemical constituents - Essential oil Therapeutic action and Uses - Vishaghna, Manasadoshahara, Apasmara, Unmada, Siroroga, Netraroga.

5. Devadaru Botanical name - Cedrus deodara Roxb Family - Pinaceae Sanskrit name - Daru English name - Pinus deodar Synonyms - Bhadradaru, Putikashta, Shakrapadapa Parts used - Wood, bark, leaves, oil and resin

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta Guna - Laghu, Snigdha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Vata, Kapha

Chemical constituents - Terpenoids, Flavonoids, and Glycosides Therapeutic action and Uses - Dushtavrana shodhaka, Vibandha,

Adhamana, Sotha, Tandra, Jwara, Prameha, Pinasa, kasa, Kandu, Krimi, Kushta, Amavata, Sutikaroga, Raktavikara.

6. Amalaki Botanical name - Emblica officinalis Gaertn Family - Euphorbiaceae Sanskrit name - Amalaki English name - Emblica myrobalan Synonyms - Siva, Vruttaphala,Amrutha, Pancharasa, Vayastha, Kayastha, Dhatri, Rochani Parts used - Ripe fruit, dried fruit, seeds, leaves, roots, bark, and flowers.

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Amla, Kashaya, Madhura, Tikta, Katu Guna - Rooksha, Laghu Vipaka - Madhura Doshaghnata - Tridosha

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Chemical constituents - Ascorbic acid, Gallotannins Therapeutic action and Uses - Vrsya, Rasayana, Chaksusya, Raktapitta, Amlapitta, Prameha, Daha

7. Haritaki Botanical name - Terminalia chebula Retz Family - Combretaceae Sanskrit name - Abhaya English name - Black myrobalan Synonyms - Amrita, Balya, Rasayana Phala, Hemavathy Parts used - Chiefly the fruits or more especially the rind of the fruits

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Kasaya, Katu, Tikta, Amla, Madhura Guna - Laghu, Rooksha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Madhura Doshaghnata - Sarvadosha

Chemical constituen - Tannins, Anthraquinones and Polyphenolic compounds Therapeutic action and Uses - Rasayana, Chaksusya, Deepana,

Anulomana, Hridya, Medhya, Vibandha, Aruchi, Udavarta, Gulma, Udararoga, Arsha, Pandu, Sotha, Jeernajwara, Vishamajwara, Prameha, Siroroga, Kasa, Tamakaswasa, Hridroga

8. Vibhitaki Botanical name - Terminalia bellerica Roxb Family - Combretaceae Sanskrit name - Vibhitaki English name - Bastard Myrobalan Synonyms - Bhutavriksha, Karsaphalam, Kalpavriksha, Tailaphala, Kasaghna Anilaghna Parts used - Fruit.

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Kashaya Guna - Rooksha, Laghu Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Madhura Doshaghnata - Kaphapitta

Chemical constituents - Gallic acid, Tannic acid, Glycosides Therapeutic action and Uses - Bhedaka, Kriminasana, Chaksusya, Kesya, Kasahara, Svarabhedha, Netraroga, Kasa, Chardi, Krimiroga,Vibandha.

9. Sunthi Botanical name - Zingiber officinale Roxb. Family - Zingiberaceae Sanskrit name - Ardika English name - Ginger Synonyms - Ardraka, Sringika, Sringivera, Soshana, Nagaram, Visha, Mahaoushadha. Parts used - Dried rhizome

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Katu Guna - Laghu, Snigdha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Madhura Doshaghnata - Vatakapha

Chemical Constituents - Essential oils, Pungent constituents (Gingerol and Shogaol), Resinous matter and starch.

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Therapeutic action and Uses- Deepana, Pachana, Anulomana, Amadoshahara, Hridya, Agnimandya, Adhmana, Pandu, Udararoga, Swasa, Amavata 10. Maricha Botanical name - Piper nigrum Linn Family - Piperaceae Sanskrit name - Kolam English name - Black pepper Malayalam name - Kurumulaku Synonyms - Kolakam, Krishnam, Osana, Vellajam, Vallijam, Gharmapathana, Vruttaphalam Parts used - Fruits, roots

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Katu, Tikta Guna - Laghu, Rooksha, Tiksna Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Pitta, Kaphavata

Chemical constituents - Alkaloids (Piperine, chavicine, Piperidine Piperetine) and Essential oils Therapeutic action and Uses - Chedana, Deepana, Ruchya,

Jantunasana, Medohara, Chedi, Hridroga, Vataroga, Swasa, Sula, Krimiroga, Tvak-roga

11. Pippali Botanical name - Piper longum Linn Family - Piperaceae Sanskrit name - Krishna English name - Long pepper Synonyms - Ananta, Amruta, Ushana, Bahubeeja, Kalinga, Krishnaphala, Kola, Kolavalli. Parts used - Ripe fruits

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Katu, Tikta, Madhura Guna - Snigdha, Laghu Virya - Ushna (Ardra – sheeta) Vipaka - Madhura Doshaghnata - Tridosha

Chemical constituents - Essential oils, Alkaloids Therapeutic action and Uses- Deepana, Ruchya, Rasayana, Hridya, Vrsya, Rechana, Swasa, Kasa, Pliharoga, Gulma,Krimi, Udararoga, Hikka, Trishna, Kushta, Sula, Amavata, Amadosha

12. Haridra Botanical name - Curcuma longa Linn Family - Zingiberaceae Sanskrit name - Nisha English name - Turmeric Synonyms - Peeta, Svarna, Kanchani, Gouri, Harita, Ragini, Ranjini, Varnavilasini, Krimighna, Mehaghatini, Pavitra, Vishaghni Parts used - Primary and Secondary rhizomes

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta, Katu Guna - Rooksha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Kaphapitta Chemical constituents - Essential oil and a colouring matter (Curcumin) Therapeutic action and Uses - Vishaghna, Varnya, Kushtaghna, Krimighna, Pramehanasaka, Vishavikara, Kushta, Vrana, Tvak -roga, Pandu, Seetapitta, Pinasa, Prameha

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13. Daruharidra Botanical name - Berberis aristata DC Family - Berberidaceae Sanskrit name - Darvi English name - Indian Berberry Synonyms - Katamkateri, Pachampachanya, Kaleyaka, Peetadaru, Darunisha, Parjanya, Parpatoti Parts used - Stem, Root, Fruits

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta Guna - Rooksha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Kaphapitta Chemical constituents - Alkaloids Therapeutic action and Uses - Stanyasodhana, Stanyadoshahara, Doshapachana, Amatisara, Medoroga, Urustambha, Karnaroga, Vrana, Meha, Kandu, Mukharoga, Netraroga, Kapharogahara

14. Nili Botanical name - Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Family - Papilionaceae Sanskrit name - Nilini English name - Indigo plant Synonyms - Klitanika, Gramina, Ranjani, Tutha, Madhuparnika, Saradhi, Nilapushpa, Shreephali Parts used - Plant and Expressed Juice – Indigo

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta, Katu Guna - Sara Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Vatahara, Kaphahara,

Chemical constituents - Glycosides (Indican) Therapeutic action and Uses - Rechani, Kesya, Vishaghna, Vatarakta, Jantughna, Udararoga, Pliharoga, Krimiroga, Amaroga, Jwara, Kshaya, Krimidanta, Brhama. Udavartta, Kativata, Kasa, Visodara

15. Isvari Botanical name - Aristolochia indica Linn. Family - Aristolochiaceae Sanskrit name - Isvari English name - Indian birthwort Synonyms - Nakuli, Sunanda, Arkamula, Rudrajata, Ahigandha Parts used - Root and leaves.

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta, Katu, Kashaya Guna - Laghu, Rooksha Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Kaphavata

Chemical Constituents - Alkaloids, Essential oils, Bitter principles and fixed oils. Therapeutic action and Uses - Sothahara, Rakshoghna, Grahabadhaghna, Sarpavisha, Lutavisha, Jalagardabha, Vrischikavisha, Jwara, Krimi, Vrana.

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16. Patha Botanical name - Cyclea peltata Lam. Family - Menispermaceae Sanskrit name - Varatikta English name - Pata root Synonyms - Ambastha, Papacelika, Karni, Ekasthila, Prachina, Aviddhakarni, Rituphala, Kucclika Parts used - Root

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Tikta Guna - Laghu, Tiksna Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Doshaghnata - Tridosha

Chemical constituents - Fangchinoline, Cycleapeltine, Cycleadrine, Cycleacurine, Cycleamine, Cyclehomine chloride, Chandocurine, Magnoflorine, Isotetradrine, Perpomine, Cycleamine, Burmannaline etc.

Therapeutic action and Uses- Vishaghni, Sarvasoolaghni, Gulmaghni, Jwara, Chardi, Kushta, Swasa, Hridroga, Raktatisara, Krimihara, Kandu, Bhagnasandhanakrita

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17. Bastha Mootra The fine powder of all the sixteen drugs are transformed into gulika form by the use of Bastha mootra.

Pharmacodynamics Rasa - Swadu, Tikta, Katu and Kashaya Guna - Laghu Tiksna and Ushna Virya - Ushna

Therapeutic action and Uses - It is kaphasamana vicharchika(eczema caused by infliction of latent (alleviates) and slightly vatakopana (increases wind). poison). According to Yogaratnakara and Kaiyadeva Nighantu it cures kasa, swasa, visha, kamala, pandu, arshas and CONCLUSION sosha. It is given internally as a laxative and diuretic. The vishavilwadi gulika has tikta (bitter) katu (pungent) Ancient Indian physicians advocated that consumptive rasa (taste), ushnavirya (hot in potency) with vishghna patients should sleep with goats and inhale the ammonia (antitoxic) property play an important role to treat the given off from their urinary excretions. All the mootras vicharchika (eczema) which is inflicted with dushivisha (Urine) are deepana (increases digestive fire), pachana (slow acting latent poison) which is slow acting poison (helps in digestion) and laghu (light in property) in with kapha predominance. nature.

REFERENCES DISCUSSION 1. Kaviraj Dr. Ambikadattashastry, Sushruta Samhita - Vishavilwadi gulika contains sixteen drugs which are Ayurveda tatvasandipika – Hindi commentary processed with goat’s urine. It is predominantly tikta and Vagyanikvimarshopeta, Poorvaardha -Chaukambha katu in rasa, laghu and rooksha in guna, ushna in virya Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India. Sushruta with kapha-vatahara and vishaghna(anti-toxic) property. Kalpasthana, 2/33. On the basis of the above facts it was presumed that this 2. Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Sushruta Samhita drug will be effective to cure dushivishajanya of Sushruta with the Nibandhasangraha comme www.wjpmr.com 187 Krishna. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

ntary of Sri Dalhanacharya –– Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi. Sushruta Kalpasthana, 2/25. 3. Kaviraj Dr. Ambikadattashastry, Sushruta Samhita - Ayurveda tatvasandipika – Hindi commentary Vagyanikvimarshopeta, Poorvaardha -Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, India. Sushruta Kalpasthana, 2/26. 4. Ashtanga Hridayam with Sarvangasundari Commentary-Shri.Lalchandavaidya, Motilal Banarasidas Publishers, Pvt. Ltd Delhi. Ashtanga Hridaya Nidana, 4/7-10. 5. K.R. Srikantha Murthy, Ashtangahridaym, English commentary - Krishnadas Academy,Ashtanga Hridaya Nidana, 14/3. 6. V.M. Kuttikrishna Menon, Kriya Koumudi edition – 1986. Kriya Komoadi –varga visha samanaya chikitsa prakarnam, 843-844. 7. Shri.Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha, edited with the Vidyotini Hindi commentary, Brahma Sankaramishra part I, II, Chaukambha Sanskrit Santhan, Varanasi. 8. English Translation and critical exposition based on Chakrapani datta’s Ayurveda dipika Charaka Samhita text with Vol IV - R.K. Sharma, Bhagwan Doshi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office, Varanasi. 9. Prof P.V.Sharma, Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol.III - Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 10. Dr. K.M. Nadkarni’s Indian Materia Medica, Vol. - I and II - Bombay Popular Prakashan Pvt ltd. 11. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Vol I,II, III, IV, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Dept. of Ayush, New Delhi, Published by The Controller of Publications, Civil lines, Delhi. 12. S. Llienthal, A treatise on diseases of the skin - B Jain Publishers (p) Ltd. 13.