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Asian Migration Outlook

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Asian Migration Outlook 2012 ASIAN MIGRATION OUTLOOK SCALABRINI MIGRATION CENTER ASIAN MIGRATION OUTLOOK 2012 The country reports were written by Karen Anne S. Liao, with overall supervision provided by Graziano Battistella and Maruja Asis. Valentin Mendoza prepared the bibliography of selected publications on migration in Asia and Oceania. Ma. Leonila Domingo did the layout of the report. Other staff of the Scalabrini Migration Center - Michelle Taguinod, Ma. Cecilia Guerrero, Cecilia Ruiz-Marave and John Paul Asis - pro- vided support and assistance at various stages of the project. Asian Migration Outlook 2012 Copyright © Scalabrini Migration Center 2013 First published 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without permission from SMC. Scalabrini Migration Center #40 Matapat St., Bgy. Pinyahan, 1100 Quezon City - Philippines Tel. (63-2) 436-7915 Fax: (63-2) 434-7692 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.smc.org.ph ISSN 2244-2294 Printed in the Philippines 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Technical Notes I. Definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 15 II. Data Sources .......................................................................................................................................... 19 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Country Profiles ASIA CENTRAL ASIA ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Kazakhstan ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Kyrgyzstan ....................................................................................................................................... 31 Tajikistan ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Turkmenistan .................................................................................................................................. 43 Uzbekistan ....................................................................................................................................... 49 EAST ASIA................................................................................................................................................... 53 China ............................................................................................................................................... 55 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea .......................................................................................... 65 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ...................................................................................... 71 Japan ............................................................................................................................................... 75 Macau Special Administrative Region .............................................................................................81 Republic of Korea ............................................................................................................................ 85 Taiwan ............................................................................................................................................. 93 SOUTH ASIA ............................................................................................................................................. 101 Afghanistan ................................................................................................................................... 103 Bangladesh .................................................................................................................................... 109 India .............................................................................................................................................. 117 Nepal ............................................................................................................................................. 125 Pakistan ......................................................................................................................................... 133 Sri Lanka ........................................................................................................................................ 141 SOUTHEAST ASIA ..................................................................................................................................... 149 Brunei Darussalam ........................................................................................................................ 151 Burma ............................................................................................................................................ 157 Cambodia ...................................................................................................................................... 163 Indonesia ....................................................................................................................................... 173 3 Lao People’s Democratic Republic ................................................................................................ 181 Malaysia ........................................................................................................................................ 187 Philippines ..................................................................................................................................... 195 Singapore ...................................................................................................................................... 211 Thailand ........................................................................................................................................ 221 Vietnam......................................................................................................................................... 231 WEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST ....................................................................................................................... 237 Bahrain .......................................................................................................................................... 239 Iran ................................................................................................................................................ 247 Iraq ................................................................................................................................................ 253 Israel .............................................................................................................................................. 259 Jordan ............................................................................................................................................ 267 Kuwait ........................................................................................................................................... 273 Lebanon ........................................................................................................................................ 281 Oman ............................................................................................................................................. 289 Qatar ............................................................................................................................................. 295 Saudi Arabia .................................................................................................................................. 301 Syria ............................................................................................................................................... 307 United Arab Emirates .................................................................................................................... 311 Yemen ............................................................................................................................................ 319 OCEANIA .................................................................................................................................................. 325 Australia ........................................................................................................................................ 327 New Zealand ................................................................................................................................. 333 Journal Articles on Migration, 2011 .................................................................................................................. 339 4 INTRODUCTION According to ESCAP 2012 Statistical Yearbook for Asia matic regime changes in some countries. In Egypt, un- and the Pacific, 60 percent of the world’s population relenting protests led to the resignation of Hosni lived in Asia and the Pacific in 2011; the fertility rate Mubarak, who was later sentenced to life in prison af- had declined to replacement rate (2.1 child per ter having been found guilty of ordering the killing
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