War in New Zealand

W I W AR N NE ZEALAND.

W L AM FO! A .H. Ox on I LI , , ,

L AT! comm“ . w ar n “ AND 3m m mm 0! TB . COLONY .

ER R A T A .

A t — a p ge 86 , omi the words 3 Colonel A us in of h t , t , t e 1 4th. ” 1 85 in No e or A read , t , f , C. ” 239 in No e or read “ A , t , f .

Wi'hi T W O MA PS AN D A PL A N .

L O N D O N

SM TH E DER AND o. 66 CORNH . I , L c , , ILL

1 866.

WAR I NEW ZEALAND N .

AM FO! A .H. O on WILLI , , x ,

L AT! M ID I !“ IN I ITAI Y AND NAT!“ mm 0? TB . COLONY .

It mi ht be we tho ht it co ntrie so fei re and it eo e so tracta e o g ll ug , u , p pl bl , w uld lon ere this have een iet o e e to the atisfaction of the a vent rer and g b q u ly p ss ss d , s d u s, ' me eternizin f wh i c ll world do g o the memory of those o eﬂected t . But be ause a the e ee it defeilement this fo o in treatise sha ive ati fac tion to all indiﬂerent readers s , ll w g ll g s s , xow the i ne hath een carrie hen no ou t the i easi n er tan and bus ss b d ; w , d b , y w ll lyu d s d, e er to their e tion how it came to a that there was no etter eak and n w qu s , p ss b sp

h ave“ of Captain John Smith of Virgi nia. Book m . c. x .

W ITH T W O MA PS P N AN D A L A .

L O N D O N

SM TH ELDER AND . 65 CORNH . I , co , , ILL

1 866.

PREFA CE.

A GREAT many person s in England are tired of h a r e ring about New Zealand . It is ve y seldom

ha an h n and or t t y good news comes t e ce ; , good

bad diﬁcult to n s a . t , it is very u der t nd Still , here are many who have friends and relations there ; many who sympathize with the Maori race many who have an idea that what has been going on h for m a a a n t ere some ti e p st, me ns pe ny in the pound on the income -tax ; sothat sufﬁcient interest is felt in the colony to make any one n ewly arrived from it the subject of much cross

e a i a n . all a a an x m n tio Tell us bout New Ze l d,

a not a n is, however, request e sily respo ded to , PREFA CE.

unless the person who makes it is prepared to listen to a tale a good deal longer than that which the Ancient Marin er inﬂicted on the spell boun d weddin g guest ; and I have been often obliged to tell my in quirin g frien ds that unless

h a a of a n I s ould write book , I desp ired m ki g

a is one them understan d the subject . Th t

An h reason for my taking up my pen . ot er

n a n hi n a a reaso is , th t I ve ture to t k th t m ny

person s besides my own friends will be glad to have a more connected outlin e of events in the

colony during the entire period of disturban ce

han an h h ha a At n t y w ic s yet appe red . prese t Th ’ there is non e . e Governor s despatches are

h n a h of few an d h n h wit i the re c ; , except w e t ey

relate to disputes between himself an d the gen e

ral f and his n are a an d , or himsel mi isters , me gre

n an to th a T u expl atory e l st degree . he military

despatches are n o more accessible than the

’ n and a n to n Gover or s , sc rcely i telligible ge eral

a n a a n re ders , their pri cip l object ppare tly being F PRE A CE. vii to enrol in the Valhalla of the Horse Guards the name of every ofﬁcer who took part in a

mi a n a a skir sh , or stood re dy to te der his v lu ble

’ s if an . Times n a has a ervices , w ted The ewsp per

very able correspondent ; but the Morning Post

and Dail Tele ra h and a f a n y g p , h l doze other

a a n n a who p pers , h ve correspo de ts lso , seem to ff see thi ngs with very di erent eyes . The result

a n h n in n an is , th t eve t ose perso s E gl d whose

a an d duty it is to study such m tters , still more ,

h f ha n an amateur fa t ose who pro ess to ve do e it , ll

n a . a h n n an d ft n r i to gre t mis ppre e sio s , o e ve y

a . One n a ludicrous mist kes oble Lord , Member

of a l a n n a a of n on a P r i me t , givi g summ ry eve ts ’ a f a the arri al of n public pl t orm , misd tes v Gover or

w a Grey in the colony by n early t o whole ye rs .

An other speaks of events happening at Waikato

f had r at a ana 200 l as i they occu red T r ki , mi es

a h l a h a n of the a a at way ; w i e third , e ri g c mp ign

a an a a Who i s h au an a n r T ur g , sks, t is T r g I eve

1 t . Pr . o . e ort 1 855 . 2 a to Ab. o S c R p , , p , p P E viii R FA CE.

heard of him before ? Misapprehensions like

ma of n and these y seem little co sequence , would be so if they existed only in private circles ; but when the state of mind whi ch they indicate is met with among those who inﬂuence the counsels of Parliament and the action of the Colonial

ni the a ser . The n e Mi ster, m tter becomes ious obl

Lord who did not kn ow whether Sir George

Grey arrived in New Zealand after the Oakura

r or arl two a f mu ders , ne y ye rs be ore , could

scarcely have given that attention to the subject

h him a af a e T whi c would make s e dvis r . he

Member of Parliament who thought that a dis

triet as large as an English coun ty was a New

ala f had a n o r a Ze nd chie , prob bly ve y clear ide s

f th r f h as to the origin or justice o e wa . I t ese

few pages should be in strumental in removin g

m a h or such is pprehensions w ere they exist , in

n nf a n e a in ha conveyi g i orm tio wher it is w nt g, I s ll

feel that the time spent in writing them has not

been wasted . PREFA CE. ix

so a not a e In doing , I trust I sh ll be ccus d

of presumption I have been a colonist of New

Zealand almost from its foundation as a colony .

I have been a Member of the Legislature for

m a and n a at a of the any ye rs , duri g gre p rt present struggle I ﬁlled the ofﬁces of Colonial

ni a a Secretary and Native Mi ster . I h ve prob bly

had better opportunities of obtainin g accurate

nf a n and n n n i orm tio , observi g curre t eve ts in

the n a an h n at a an colo y th n y ot er perso , le st y

h n h n ma ot er person ow in t is cou try . It y be

all d a as an a in of n ege th t, ctor some those eve ts ,

ha I may ve prejudices . But the same might

certainly be said of any on e who has had the

person al opportun ities of acquiring the infor

a n for the a . am n ot a a m tio requisite t sk I w re ,

h hat a an owever, t I h ve y prejudices on the sub j ect : I have strong conviction s ; but conviction s

n are not prejudices . My co victions may possibly

be the means of removing the prejudices of some

who have had no suﬁ cient opportunity of study ! PREFA CE. in n ot g the subject . My object , however , is to

nf n n a fa as e orce my own co victio s, but to st te cts

they happened and in order to en able my

a of the fa rn of a at re ders to judge i ess my n rr ive ,

a h v f n I sh ll , w ere er possible , give re ere ces to

h n n n aut e tic pri ted docume ts .

In describing the operation s of the military

a a n ha for the a fa c mp ig s , I ve relied m in cts

h on the a h of n a a n c ieﬂy desp tc es Ge er l C mero ,

or of his subordin ate ofﬁcers who may have hi reported to m. I have also referred to the

cotemporary reports of the correspondents of the

al n a who the f loc ewsp pers , were with orces in

ﬁ and r a of h f na the eld , we e m ny t em pro essio l h reporters thoroug ly up to their work . I am

f a a n or h all mysel cqu i ted , more less, wit the

in hi h a n a on country w c oper tio s were c rried ,

and as a h n a a n ha reg rds the Nort er c mp ig s , I ve

visited all the places where the prin cipal engage

n an of h a im an d me ts occurred , m y t em sever l t es ,

most of them in the company of oﬂi cers who P EF C R A E. xi

r a and we e in the eng gements , described them to

on the me spot .

I do not preten d to have the smallest per

n a n a of f so l k owledge wh tever military af airs . I kn ow absolutely n othing of the disciplines of the a an d am n r n an h h w rs , e ti ely ig or t w et er a force should be taken in to action at quick

a h at the in lin in h n in m rc , double , e , ec elo , f ur in h n r On o s , or deployed skirmis i g orde . these matters I have had quite as little ex pe ricu ce as most of the special correspondents of the English press who reported the events of the an war n ha as the n Crime , or eve per ps disti

ui hed h an of ha a ha g s istori t t gre t struggle . I ve observed that when these writers are at a loss how to justify some movement which may n ot ha n a fa h are in a ve e ded s tis ctorily, t ey the h bit of sa n no was n for n yi g , doubt it do e excelle t

n h n a military reaso s . W e I ttempt to criticise the a of New al an a a n det ils the Ze d c mp ig s, I confess I am very often reduced to the same con P F C xii RE A E. elusion ; and being entirely unable to discover an h a n for a ar y ot er re so some p rticul step , I am compelled to adopt the solution of excel mi t a a n . It ll a lent milit ry re so s wi be d t ed ,

ha are a n nn e however, t t there m ny eve ts co ect d with military operation s on whi ch a civili an is quite as well qualiﬁed to form an opinion as a soldier can be ; and when those occasion s arise in ur of n a a a not h a co se my rr tive , I h ve esit ted

own nvi n of to express my co ctio s , subject course always to the charitable salvo in behalf of the mi a mi n a ha h n a n lit ry d , th t w t I t i k blu der or an h ma ha n for oversig t, y ve been do e excel

n mili a a n of hi n w n h n le t t ry re so s, w ch I k o ot i g

ha w tever .

The referen ces which I have gi ven are gen e

a to . . P. a of the n a r lly C P , or p pers Colo i l

i n . A few . P. or a r of h Parl ame t to P , p pe s t e

An h a n Imperial Parli ament . y ot ers expl i them selves . C O N TEN T S.

CHAPTER I.

IN T R O D U C T O R Y . PAGE Arithmeti c of the War ta s n — S tistic of Native a d European Forces Exposur e of current Fallacies

HAP C TER II.

‘ Ori in of revious Wars in N Z alan — ﬁect on Native g —p ew e d E — Min d They accumulate Arms and Ammunition Appa ’ rent Pe—ace at period of G—overnor Grey s leavi ng the Colony The L an d L eague The King Movement

A TE CH P R III. — Purc ase of Wai tar a Governor Br wn e Hostiliti es at h —b—y o m s n Tarana i 1 860 61 Truce arran e W . T o o — k , g d by h —p G overn or Brown e prepares to Invade Waikato Pro bable C—on sequences of Invasion —G overn or Brown e recalled G overn or Grey appoin ted Peaceful Solution

HA C PTER IV . — h portant Eve—nts overlooked Thompson and King N—atives hold aloof G overn or Grey visits L ower Waikato Hi s r f Waitara u estion to Reception Offer m—ade to e er Q Arbitration refused Further Attempts at Paciﬁc Solu — — PAG I tion Gove—mor goes to Tar anaki Determin e—s to give u Waitara Ta es Possession of Tataraima N p k — ka atives mur er Escort 4th Ma G ovemor i ves u Waitara d , y g p ’ Di stinction etween Govern or Brown e s War of 1 860 b , and that which n ow commenced

CHA PTER V —. Al mi n f Aff ar g State o air s in Waikato Supp—ressi on by Force of G overnment Printing—Establishment Obstru ction of Buildi—n gs at Kohekohe Expul sion of Re sident Magi strate Attempts made by Waikatos to rouse Rebelli on — ’ — in the South Thompso—n s Compli city Commencement f Wai ato Cam i n Th ﬁr s te ta o —k pa g e t S p ken by the Re els Attac on Escort and Fi t at Koheroa b k , gh

E CHAPT R VI. — Description ofWaikato Country Causes oflong Delay before Meri Meri Defective Tran sport Neglect of River

E CHAPT R VII. — Meri - Meri evacuated Rangiriri captur ed Natives retreat up R—iver Ngaruawahi a occupied N—egotiations for s van ce u Wai a River Pik Peace T—roop ad p p — opiko and Pateran i Re el Positi on outﬂanked Awamutu Ran g b — —, ioawhi a an d Ki i i i ta en Orakau ca ture Mann g , h k h k p d gatautar i evacuated Termi nation of Campaign in Wai kato

HAPT C ER VIII. The Taurang—a Campaign un dertaken at request of General Cameron Reasons for Con dition of Natives there Unfortunate Repul se of our T—roops at the G ate Pah Successful Affair at Te Range Submi ssion of Tauranga

H PTE C A R !III.

PA GE

‘ Serious Diﬂerences between Governor Grey and General

War denounced by Gen eral Cameron as an Iniquitous — m — estion of Re oval of th Troo s 4 . Th Jo 3. Qu —e p e r A o lon Expedi ency ofcapturing We eroa Pah 5 . b ut Co el ’ — 6 Secret C rr on nce and Pri Warre s Ex pedition . o esp de Mr Car of the vate L etters How . dwell di sposes

HAPTE ! C R IV.

Wanganui River and Interior Gallant Behavi our of fri en dly N—atives at Ohoutai Captur e—of Pehi and eighty Rebels Pehi released by Governor Join s the Rebels agei n ’ — Captain Brassey s brave Defen ce of Pipiriki Governor thro—ws away Advantages by issuing a fooli sh Proclama n Bro n tion Murder of Kereti a d Mr . ughto

CHAPTER — !V . M e f m ai n on East Coast ur r o Rev. C. V olkner Ca p g d — S. M r of Mr . Fulloon and ot ers Coloni F r urde h al o—ce and n n uni M Native Co—nti n ge t se t to p sh the—urderers Great Successes Evacu ation ofPukemaire Storming ofHun

Action between the Arawas and Rebels near Matata

CONCL USION .

Presen t Relations between h peri sl and Colonial Govern

— - ments Prospects of Self reli an ce an d Removal of Troops

T HE

WAR IN NEW ZEALAND.

CHAPTER I .

I N T R O D U C T O R Y . — e c of the War Statis tics of Native and Euro ean Arithm ti — p r E of urr n ll i Fo ces xposure c e t Fa ac es .

BEFORE proceedin g with the tale of the War in

alan are f w ﬁ n f New Ze d , there a e gures a d acts

’ hi h h n the a n an d w c I wis to get i to re der s mi d , a few fallacies an d errors which have been cur

in n an h h rent E gl d w ich I wis to get out of it .

as to ﬁ ma n to a First , gures it yco duce better appreciation of the merits of the military opera

on th tions if the numbers e two sides are known .

The al of a in New a an tot number n tives Ze l d , 1 2 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

a to a n n n a n in 1 858 ccording gover me t ce sus t ke , was males and females ; together

of all a an d an ges sexes d in both islan ds . The proportion of children being exceedingly

a han of m sm ll , not less t the males ay be

a n as ﬁ men and in t ke ghting , it must be borne mind that the women do much work conn ected

war and h n ﬁ l the men . with , , w e pressed , ght ike

Of the ﬁ h n men a n g ti g , however, ccordi g

’ to n s a had Gover or Grey s e tim te , we never

in a a a n at an one and rms g i st us y time , it is

’ shown by an examin ation of the Gen eral s de

e a the e a a sp tches, th t troops wer never ctu lly

n a han 600 and f h e g ged with more t , not o ten wit

a 200 400. n a had ho more th n to The tives , w

a a an a in the ever, two gre t dv t ges ; they were centre an d we on the circumference ; which enabled them to move with facility to attack any of our settlements or camps they thought proper ; an d

not n a in they were conce tr ted one district, but

n scattered in ma y .

It should also be remembered that of the

of na n ot - h total number tives , more than two t irds have . joined the rebel movement ; all the natives ITHME' TI ’ OF TH WA AR C E R . north of Auckland (about to

a ni n a and n a di sa rem i g loy l, co sider ble bo es ( y

’ in a a to more) Cook s Str its, H wkes

Ba and art . The al of of y, other p s loy ty some

h n ot ha n n t ese , however, could ve bee relied upo in a of our in h c se meet g wit great reverses . The natives had n o artillery except three old carron ades which they had got from wrecked

and i h nl ﬁ f ships, wh ch t ey o y red three or our

and h had h han times , t ey no better s ot t steel yard weights an d similar substitutes for cann on

h a an n at th balls . These t ey b do ed e evacuation

h' om hi h e h n of Meri Meri , w c tim t ey ever had a

. n h a a n f big gu . T eir sm ll rms co sisted o old

an n and tem oris Tower muskets , m y ﬂi t steel ( p

n and f w n - e George si gle double o li g piec s ,

s are a for n a a and a such a m de colo i l tr de , very

i n ot ha on e a h few r ﬂes, per ps in t ousand . At the close quarters at which the engagements

l a h a n gen eral y took pl ce , t ese we po s were actually

e e an the Enﬁeld of our b tt r th riﬂes troops , as

m e a a and being or e sily relo ded , their double

in for barrels giv g two shots one man . The

natives had no cavalry . 4 T HE WA R IN NE W ZEALAND .

The r a a n in h an Eu ope n popul tio bot isl ds , in

1 864 w s ha December, , a but more t n

f f mi d an and hal o these were in the d le isl d , those in the north could not be moved about for mili tary purposes at any distan ce from their

for vi s a n ha so n homes, the ob ou re so t t by doi g

ul a n ft n their homes wo d h ve bee le u protected, and aggression by rebels have been an immediate

n h all h a conseque ce . T ey were , owever , rmed,

and r as i a and un r and enrolled , d illed mil ti vol tee s , in some in stances for a length of time relieved

’ n and na h a the the Quee s troops , e bled t em to t ke

ﬁ in a f eld gre ter orce . The actual military force serving under Gen e ral a n was in n b C mero , rou d num ers ,

’ n r n n a of ﬁ a Quee s t oops, i cludi g troop eld rtil

r ili a s n for h le y ; m t ry settler , e listed t ree

a n a a n n an d if h ye rs, u der regul r tr i i g, , rig tly han a a of n f n a ﬁrst- a dled , c p ble bei g ormed i to r te Zouave force ; several small corps of volun teers

- n f a an d of and bush ra gers . Five rig tes sloops

the a a h f ni h a n a a war of Roy l N vy, w ich ur s ed v l

Now esti mated at

THE W R 6 A IN NE W ZEALA ND .

ao a . n u s a as far as M ri r ce For ce t rie p st , we

n l n a n of n k ow, til the colo iz tio the cou try by us , the several tribes waged constant and intemecin e war h h h d a with each ot er . T ey a a phr se similar to one whi ch is used in the Old Testament : The

n war hi n a h time whe kings go to , w ch i dic ted t eir

a n h pr ctice . As soo as their crOps were in t e

n h an ﬁ h n nd n a f h grou d t ey beg g ti g, a ge er lly oug t

h as n till t ey were ripe . Nor w it ecessary that there should be any deep -seated wron g to

ﬁ h a v a a g t bout . The most tri i l c use would give r the war and f ul ise to most bloody , the eud wo d

han f n he a be ded down from ather to so . T h bit of ﬁ n and a of f had a ghti g, disreg rd li e , become secon d nature with the Maori ; and if C uvier be correct in saying that it takes forty gen eration s to a a a a on e n n ot m ke wild duck t me , we eed be surprised that thirty years of partial peace have not eradicated the military propensities of the

a a him f how i a M ori , or c used to orget to bu ld ” ah a n the of his a a p , or squint lo g groove tup r ,

- n ha h or double barrelled gu . To prove t t t ere is n o foundation for this theory of deep - seated ” n ma h w n n th wro gs, I y put Bis op Sel y i to e ' CURREN T FA L LA CIES. 7

- In n a e at n witness box . a sermo pre ch d Nelso ,

1 862 he a In d f nd; of the n in , s id e e colo ists of a a of h am sa New Ze l nd, w om I one , I y most

n and n ha ha n n n disti ctly solem ly, t t I ve ever k ow ,

s n the n an a n act of lf i ce colo y beg , si gle wi ul injustice or oppression committed by any on e

ma in authority against a New Zealander . It y have been diﬁcult to persuade some few in di viduals that the n atives were entitled to equal rights as with ourselves ; BUT IN PRACTICE THEIR ” L IBERTIES HAVE BEEN MAINTAINED INm ATE.

2 Th t the t ves have er tribunals . a na i no prop be ore which their dis utes articularl relatin to f p , p y g

- lands can be settled. h a a a . , T is is very gre t mist ke

’ a as 1 849 a of n a a As e rly , system reside t m gistr tes courts was established in Maori and mixed dis tricts h are . T ese courts presided over by Euro

a n a a e a in na pe n reside t m gistr t s, ssisted tive cases

a a a . h are at n by p id M ori ssessors T ere , prese t , at a - ﬁve r in le st twenty such cou ts , which an a a of a h a a il nd ggreg te m ny t ous nd c ses, civ a

min a are a n al of th n cri l , n u ly disposed , to e ge e

M . R une 1 8 1 4 0h. iss e ister 62 . 9 g , J , , p . 8 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

n ral satisfaction of the native suitors . I k ow of no instance in which any native district is

h a n n the n without suc court , u less whe reside t

f ha one ha n n atives have re used to ve , or ve drive

a a a as the a of . the magistr te w y, in c ses Mr Gorst , "E a and others . Mr . W . B ker, some As regards a court for the settlement of land

ha a n was ill 1 861 a e disputes, t t dep rtme t , t , b o

lutel in the ha of the r a n y nds Impe i l Gover ment , and durin g that period there was n o competent

n f h the tribu al o t e sort . An attempt made by

aff in 1 85 a e on the St ord Ministry, 8, to legisl t ” a al h i subject by Territori Rig ts B ll, was

f a r who de e ted by Gove nor Browne , vetoed the measure when it had passed both Houses of

. in 1 862 the a Assembly But , Assembly p ssed

an h a h the a n ot er me sure , w ich received Roy l Asse t, and which has been brought into operation in the

n f r two a a a h orth o ye rs p st . It est blis es a tribun al before which all question s of n ative title can be

settled ; an amending act has since been passed on the same subject ; an d I believe it is in full

at: C. P. P. 1 864, E. 7 . CU N T F CIE RRE ALLA s . 9

ra in all ar of r ope tion p ts the count y, except where the rebels stand in the way of the establishment

of law and of order any sort .

3. That the natives have been debarred the

franchise and electoral pri vileges which the colonists ! — en o under t t i a an j y he Constitution Ac . Th s is lso ff error . Subject to the almost universal su rage —qualiﬁcation which applies to Europeans equally an n f i ann in occupatio ranch se of 5l. pe—r um un r and 1 0 . in n a i the co t y, l the tow s the M or can register and ex ercise his vote as ﬁ' eely as the colonist ; an d the doors of the Houses of

re In Assembly a equally open to him . the

n of in t a a provi ce Well g on , very m ny M ories vote

n n a at all the election s . I have bee prese t t the Registration Court where the sufﬁcien cy of their qualiﬁcation s was scrutinized like those of Euro

n and n a of 5l. al was ﬁ pea s , the ge er l test v ue xed

a n oﬂi cer at a n o a by the registr tio , woode do r,

’ r n or a n b ick chim ey, gl ss wi dows to the claimant s

ha n house . I ve atte ded public election meetings

o state Sir M S Wm. r in ﬁ a t in letter P. P. n Con ca d by , O s ” ti on Ma 1 864 23rd . Al so b Ab. Pr P tition , y, y o. Soc . in e to the

ueen 1 865 et a s . Q , , p s im 1 0 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND . at n a villa a ha tive ges, presided over by M ori c ir men and was an a n , where better order kept th mo g

a n a m Europeans . And I h ve k own sever l Me bers

f l of n a n i and at a o Assemb y, provi ci l cou c ls, le st

n e n h a if n o o superintende t , w ose m jorities , t

a n a ll a cre ted , were co sider bly swe ed by M ori votes .

a aw s in n lan f It is true th t two l yer E g d , be ore

a a was a a a o a whom c se l id some ye rs g , prep red

a a d al a an n a by priv te in ividu , g ve opinio dverse

to the right of the Maories to exercise the

’ fran chise ; but a lawyer s Opinion I n eed n ot

sa of no a al in a a y is pr ctic weight such m tter ,

an d has n ha n of had ever, t t I k ow , any weight

n in n an give to it the colo y, either by y registerin g

fﬁ rt o cer, or by the Supreme Cou . If the n atives

generally have n ot exercised the privileges con

f n i n on a erred by the Co st tutio Act both r ces , it has a al h been bec use they did not v ue t em , n or a h h c re to exercise t em . W at they have habitually

n for a all n of lin n do e ye rs over the Provi ce Wel gto ,

a n a of n they could h ve do e in everyp rt the colo y . n a of a Eve the sh dow doubt, created by the ’ a n n f rr has n n o l wyer s opi io re e ed to , bee w, I CURREN T FALLA MES. 1 1

i b a al act of a bel eve , removed y speci the l st

n of sessio Assembly .

T t natives are s ste 4 . hat the interests of he y matically disregarded by the Colonial Government. The shortest reply to this is to be found in a

return recently laid before the Assembly . It appears that before respon sible Government was

' to in u an aﬂairs a n ann bes wed E rope , the mou t u

a n on n a e was 5 000l . lly expe ded tiv purposes just ,

ar u n he f m a ye . D ri g t period o divided Gove

men 1 861 n a l 7 000l . an d t , up to , it i cre sed to , since the establishment of respon sible Govern m n in na affa ha in an f e t tive irs , t t is , s ce its tr s er to the n l n has a the Colo ia Mi istry, it re ched very

a of 61 071 l. The h of l rge sum , w ole number

fﬁ a a on n a in o ci ls employed speci lly tive work ,

n the a m n ra n of n o cludi g d i ist tio justice , is less

n 5 5 n n 68 a n n of h tha 0 (i cludi g M ori pe sio ers) , w om

The a ar at least 341 are natives . s l ies of many of a and n are a the ssessors policeme sm ll , but so are their duties . Now the contribution of the natives towards

n a n in 1 856 was the Colo i l reve ue , , estimated

the on a T a . . . h n by Col i l re surer, Mr W C Ric mo d , 1 2 THE WAR IN N E W ZEA LAND.

at l 5 000l. n the war t a fall n , Si ce it mus h ve e

- at i probably one half. But taking it the h gher

n n n ex ands on a amou t , the Gover me t p speci l n a t n h l a tive objec s, includi g sc oo s , police , ssessors ,

&c . h f a n h con , more t an our times the mou t t ey tribute to the revenue ; besides all the advantages

h f the n i a t ey derive rom expe d ture on ro ds , public

and a n of rn n works , other oper tio s Gove me t in

h n whic the Europea s share .

“ That t war b 5 . he has een got up by the

colonists r t e sake o the milita ex e itur fo h f ry p nd e.

n ot a l can in As so dier be employed, or kept the

the of country , except by express orders the

i ha a a s l ni Governor, th s c rge g in t the co o sts might

a a in seem to h ve very little prob bility it . The

n n h colo ists can ot get up wars . T e facts

h al n wi l n whic I sh l prese tly record l show, I thi k ,

n all ha hi war was and beyo d doubt, t t t s is a

’ ’ n and n ot a n war. The Gover or s, colo ist s alle

ation a n al a n of its g , when m de by Ge er C mero , being got up for the sake of military ex pen

t e was at n n a l n di ur , o ce i dign nt y de ied by

r who Gove nor Grey , told him that hi s object in ﬁghting was to punish persons guilty of great

W IN NE W A 1 4 THE A R ZE LA ND .

vote in the Assembly . The bulk of the colonists know that the war is a grievous pecun iary lo ss

The an who to them . middle isl d settlers , could by n o possibility derive the beneﬁt of a sin gle

n f a n r shilli g rom the rmy expe ditu e , supported

n n in his war h a a Gover or Brow e , w ile m jority of

n a in e h orth isl nd members the Ass mbly, w o are ﬁ supposed to pro t by it, Opposed him to the

utmost of their power. It is only necessary to compare the wonderful progress of the middle

n has n n o a ex en isla d , where there bee milit ry p

ure h a a a a n o dit , wit the comp r tive st gn tio f the

t h has n on a f n or hern , w ere it go e , to s tis y every

' colonist that war expenditure aﬂords no com

n ation for the l war n pe s evi s which bri gs . With the exception of half- a- dozen person s of little or

n do h n o inﬂue ce , I not think t ere is a coloni st

who l not a n a wou d gl dly see the troops se t way, if

they felt it was consistent with the mainten ance

a a of peace . There will lw ys be sutlers an d

-f ll a camp o owers with every rmy, but they could

a a n ot get up a war in New Ze l nd .

6. That the colonists covet the lands of the

atives and are determined to have t - n , hem recte s i CU N T F RRE ALLAMES. 1 5

ossunt si non ocun - p , qu que modo If thi s charge mean s that in dividual colonists desire to appro

riate the a of the n at for own ﬁ p l nds ives their pro t ,

n it is , I believe , e tirely untrue . But there is a

n in h h a n se se w ic it is p rtly true . The colo ists

an d a n to n do desire , very e r estly, get possessio ,

for n n of e a a of colo izi g purposes, thos l rge tr cts fertile land which lie waste and unimproved in

the han of a i i h n ds the n t ves , over wh ch t ey eve

h our ak n a nn n a a pro ibit m i g ro ds , or ru i g ste mer

on the hi h rivers by w ch t ey are watered . We ” w n to n to for n e t out colo ize not grub mo ey, but to convert the wilderness into farms and

a n and all il n l a g rde s , spot it over with sm i g vi l ges

an d a an a . h h in ple s t homeste ds Districts w ic ,

han of n h a a n n the ds the colo ists, mig t m int i millio s of n and li men a i dustrious civi zed , lie bsolutely un an d to n n of for hi occupied , put o e the uses w ch

n n n the Creator i te ded them . The colo ists do desire to people these districts ; to create out of

n n n ea o a a n them a ﬂourishi g cou try, i st d f b rre

a n tha uninhabited desert . But the ssertio t they

’

r r ne s . P. P 1 860. The syntax is Governo B ow . 1 6 THE WA R IN NE W Z EALAND .

desire to possess them quocun que modo is

a n s ha h ul bsolutely u true , much les t t t ey wo d

take them at the point of the bayon et . Every acre occupied by European s in New Zealan d has

n h and at a en bee boug t , prices quite equiv l t to

an a th n had or a had y v lue e la d , ever could h ve , if we had not gon e there to give it value by our

a n n the war c pital and our labour . Eve duri g large tracts have been purchased from the frien dly

a and a h a of n a n tives , gre t e ps sovereig s p id to

h f r n in an h n t em o their i terest l ds t ey ever used . For one tract alon e in Wellin gton Province

’ ana a h a a a o (M w tu) , t ey received bout two ye rs g

1 2 000l. in a for an h a a a in th , c sh ot er (W itot r ) e

i n han 3 000l. an d h same prov ce , more t , ; ot er large sums about the same time were paid in

’ vi The ni n Auckl an d Pro n ce . colo sts do t stick at the price ; an d they have n ever had any desire to

a an a h a n for a a n t ke cre wit out p yi g it , or g i st the

n An d a co sent of the own ers . I m certain that had the rebel n atives n ot attempted to drive the ” a ha n sea n ot an a of h P ke s i to the , cre t eir lan ds

ha n a n u an ever would ve bee t ke by E rope s , but in the same fair and legitimate manner in which it L CURREN T FA L A CIES. has een f fr n nati e b bought rom ie dly v s hitherto . If a portion of it be now taken as a punishment ” f r outra use the o s of o unprovoked ges , to w rd

r and to aff a a r a ua an e Gove nor Grey , ord m te i l g r t e for fut a s e l ha the ure , they h ve them elv s on y to t nk for the fact .

of - a 7 . A source very wide spre d misapprehen sion on the subject of the origin and justice of the war has s of en n n , been the letter gre e sig s (and I am sorry to say of mature colon els) to

fri n n a . s n their e ds in E gl nd The e gentleme , some of them before they had been three weeks in th n and avin tai not on e colo y, h g cer nly e particle of a h n f ma n on su e ut e tic in or tio the bj ct, wrote

“ ” n n war as ni ui an home de ounci g the i q tous , d as having been got up by Aucklan d attorneys for the of n the an of na purpose seizi g l ds the tives . They spoke as positively as if they had been

in a of law and had e judges court , list ned for a month to the arguments of forty counsel discuss f ing the merits o the case . I should not have

to a a of alluded the subject , but th t m ny their l in a li a and n etters were produced P r ment, pri ted

the “ eadi n al an d in in l g journ s , even men high 2 THE WAR IN NE W E L ND 1 8 Z A A .

a s h pl ces quoted them a aut orities . It is quite certain that the writers knew absolutely nothin g of what they were writing about ; an d that such letters were the result of a desire to get out of a

War h h i of and w ic held out l ttle prospect glory,

n of h h n no e loot . Con siderin g t at t ey amou ted by implication to the gravest charges again st the

rn who had n a war a h Gove or i iti ted the , it is r t er remarkable that the writers do n ot appear to have received the repriman d they merited h' om the

at the ar fﬁ ha authorities W O ce , who must ve discerned in them the evidence of what is techn i cally termed a demoralized army . There cann ot be a doubt that the unchecked growth of

h n n at a ha a of affa suc opi io s , led l st to t t st te irs which caused Gen eral Cameron to declare that

’ 200 Maories could stop 500 of the Queen s troops an d that it was altogether un safe for the latter h h to follow the former to t e bus . ( 19 )

AP CH TER II .

— ' Ori in of revi ous Wars in New Z E g— p ealand ﬁec—t on Native Mind They A ccumulate Arms and Ammuniti on Apparent Peace ’ — at Perio—d of Governor Grey s leaving the Colony The Land L ea ue Th Ki n g e g Movement .

IT is commonly asserted by writers in Englan d on

a an aff a all the t l New Ze l d airs, th t hos i ities with the natives which have occurred in the colony

n a have origi ated in disputes bout land . No

a n can fur h fr the h st teme t be t er om trut .

ﬁ war had was in the a 1 844 The rst we ye r ,

hn Héke and a n of a h with Jo , sectio the Ng pu i

nd h tribe at the Bay of Isla s . It ad absolutely

o f n at all an a an n re ere ce to y question bout l d , but origin ated solely in the personal ambition of

Héke and f a the in d of law , his belie th t tro uction ,

and n order, customs duties u der British rule , were driving away the whaling vessels with which

a he had carried on a not credit ble tr—ade . The 2 2 20 THE WA R IN NE W Z L EA AND .

war in and a of lin n the Hutt West Co st Wel gto ,

in 1 845 ma a a n , y be s id to h ve i volved a shadow

of a i a an the in a a d spute bout l d , pr cip l ggressor makin g a claim to a district which had been sold

and for a and h to us occupied ye rs , w ich he endeavoured to enforce by the murder of un armed

and unoﬁendin . a ha g settlers But his cl im , w tever

was was not n a it , ge er lly supported by the other

n a of the a of tives the district, m jority whom took

and a a on a f our side c rried rms our beh l . The

n li n was at an an 1 845 . ext col sio W g ui , in The pretext for it by the n atives was an accidental di scharge of a pistol in the hands of a midship

M a h man in E. . a f was N vy, by w ich chie

wounded in the cheek . Five young men of the

“ tribe took payment for the injury to their

hi f a a r fa c e , by b rb rously murde ing the mily of

' ilﬁllan an unoﬂendin Mr . G , g settler who lived in

the n eighbourhood . The murderers were tried

a a law a a n a of E under m rti l by C pt i L ye .M.

and an . A t of an an service , h ge—d por ion the W g ui a an h n our tribes took up rms ot er portio took side ,

’ and a very uneventful war of s ome months dura

h all h d f tion ensued . T ese were the wars we a be ore

W 2 2 THE WA R IN NE ZEA L A ND .

a ﬁ in a a fe n of st ted ght g ce sed , yet eli g supreme contempt for the soldiers became perman en tly and n al on the n a n ge er ly impressed tive mi d . The only superiority on our part which they

a aft h a was n would dmit er t ese w rs , the possessio of greater resources in the shape of arms and a un n a n n a mm itio , co clusio which stimul ted them to the acquisition at any cost of mean s whi ch alon e they believed to be wanting to give them an absolute superiority in case of future hostili i h ties . Governor Grey very w sely t rew all the diﬂi culties he could in the way of their acq uirin g munitions of war an d by imposin g restric tion s on their sale he succeeded in reducin g it to

n he of n pretty early t limits a smuggli g trade . Govern or Brown e unfortun ately relaxed the t e

n his an d h n strictio s imposed by predecessor, wit i the three following years the natives purchased

and not an 50 000l. stored up less th , worth of ’ a and a n n h h h ha rms mmu itio , w ic , wit w t they had a a fﬁ previously ccumul ted, su ced to supply ,

a r a n a in the an prob bly, eve y dult tive isl ds with a

as ment returns in 1 861 Govern . F PR CCREs s O THE MA CRIEs . 23

s v a ﬁre- arm and a s of n er ice ble , the me n usi g it for a a of a fa w no sever l ye rs ctive war re . It as

the n of h n doubt possessio suc resources, combi ed with the estimate formed of the military prowess of r h n n a our t oops , w ich embolde ed the tives , w n h the had am ved f he they thoug t time , to de y

f t h n n the power o he Britis atio .

’ After the termin ation of the Cook s Straits

a s the na for a n w r , tives time settled dow to

f and nl s peace ul pursuits, seemed to be o y desirou of emulating the colonists in agricultural industry

n a n r h ff a d commerci l e te prise . T ese e orts were

n a the n a not e cour ged by Governme t with liber l,

all f an d for to c it pro use support , three or four

a ha has n a the and ye rs , w t bee c lled ﬂour sugar

a n n policy prev iled . Mills more umerous tha they could use—were erected for them at the public expen se millers and engi n eers paid to

h h ha h h n -ma work t em ; ploug s , rrows, t res i g

n a and h a ul a n chi es , c rts, ot er gric tur l impleme ts

a a a h h n r were sc ttered bro dc st t roug the cou t y , particularly among those tribes which have since gon e most deeply into the rebellion ; an d it really

as if the a a n n the appeared M ori r ce, recog izi g I 24 THE WA R N NE W ZEA L AND .

n of a w s at as n to a f dig ity l bour, a l t goi g qu li y itself for a place among civilized people by a life of in dustry an d the gradual progress of social

an a n . all n s if org iz tio At eve ts , it eemed to just y

n hi r at the the glowi g pictures w ch Gove nor Grey,

ofthe na n of ﬁ a n ra n period termi tio his rst dmi ist tio ,

in his a h the h n n drew desp tc es to ome Gover me t ,

the a a n of the na a an d parading dv nceme t tive r ce ,

a ta hm n an d a n their t c e t to his rule , le vi g it to be inferred that he had solved the problem which

afﬂ all h a n of n a had b ed ot er st tesme , rescui g savage race from the annihi lation usually attend

i n ant on ts co tact with a civilized people . There

h n ot a few n in the n were , owever, perso s colo y wh—o had no faith in the ﬂour an d sugar policy at least when unaccompanied by mean s of regen eration which might strike their roots deeper n h an n h f i to um ature . T ey ailed to discover

h in the a al a n of rn eit er pr ctic ctio Gove or Grey, or in the numerous despatches which he addressed

the n al Oﬂice an n i a n ha h to Colo i , y i d c tio s t t e appreciated the—real difﬁculty of the position of the Maori race their political relations towards the European portion of the community of which E M 25 G R S CF TRO UBLE.

f a l n they were to orm a p rt . He left the co o y without having either established or suggested any policy or any in stitution s by which that difﬁ culty might be conquered ; and that . at a most c al h n b a of a ritic period , w e the estow l represent tive in stitutions rendered it impossible longer to

a a fﬁ u of h h was l ev de di culty, the press re w ic litt e felt while colonists and natives both remained

n the a ern a of n a Oﬂi ce u der p t l rule the Colo i l ,

a r of equ lly deba red all political power . Notwithstandi ng the hopeful signs of material

e t h at h r a prosp ri y whic existed t is pe iod , two sm ll

had alr a a n on h n h clouds e dy rise the orizo , w ich were pregnant with the storms which have sin ce

n h burst upon the colo y. T ese were the Lan d

u nd the K n n h Leag e a i g Moveme t . T ey both

’ n a a 1 848 in e n origi ted bout , dur g Gov r or Grey s ﬁrst administration ; but seem n ot to have a ac an a a n at ha ttr ted y speci l tte tion t t period ,

h f n n A eit er rom him or a y o e else . s these move ments have both exercised a most important in

ﬂuence n fﬁ n if on the rece t di culties in the colo y,

n ot t h r a indeed they did constitu e t ei sole b sis, it is

a to sa a fe in lan a n f necess ry y w words exp tio o them . T W 26 HE A R IN NE W ZEA L AND .

T — of I . HE LAND LEAGUE From the period the f un a n of the n h x a a o d tio colo y, t ere e isted gre t di fference between the feelings with which the

n ff All colo ists were received by di erent tribes .

r a we e pparently glad to see us in the country .

for ha h of Some , simply w t t ey could get out us ;

h for ha an d a a l others , bot t t , bec use I re l y believe

as n h an d fr n P al they liked us eig bours ie ds . olitic

a n h wi h an N ati hatuas re so s weig ed t m y . The g w ,

for n an a hi h la n i st ce , occupied district w c y betwee the two greatest and most warlike tribes in the

an the a and the a a . h isl ds , Ng puhi W ik to T ese

a a a at war and h n l tter tribes were lw ys , w e

a a a a h via N atiwhatua W ik to inv ded Ng pu i, g , they usually gave the latter a backhan ded blow

in h a n in going or com g . So w en Ng puhi i vaded

a a h in h u n a h a W ik to , t ey, t eir t r , g ve t em dig

in a and as h n a n ann a p ssing ; t ese i v sio s were u l , the position of Ngatiwhatua became something worse than that of Belgium used to be among the

n of . In h as belligere ts Europe s ort , they told

on one a n if n h had n ot me occ sio , you E glis

ha a n come they would ve e te us up between them .

h n N atiwhatua n W e we did come , g pressed o our 2 THE LAND LEA C CE. 7

n A an an accepta ce the district where uckl d st ds , and n the n n n a by getti g us to occupy i terve i g tr ct , they obtain ed the best possible security against the r n f h h h own n e ewal o the raids t roug t eir cou try , which had kept it in a continual state ofdesolation and a a m a n o a l rm . Si il r motives , doubt, oper ted w h n h and h and l it ma y ot er tribes , t ere were sti l are many tribes who are willing to sell almost

n an h ha n a n of a y l d t ey ve , it bei g mere questio

r n . h h how p ice betwee us T ere were ot er tribes ,

h h a a n ever, w ic ppe red o ly to welcome us to the country on account of the good things we brought with us ; whose regard for us was purely com mercial and who hav n a , would e bee gl d to see

‘ us conﬁn ed to a few town s where they might buy

and an and fin d a a a tobacco bl kets , re dy m rket for h fi h d a r the fi t eir s an pot toes . F om very rst they refused to sell lan d ; and in some of the

a nd f as a a o l rgest a most ertile districts , such W ik t , not an acre had been sold by them to the date of in n n of the n war a the beg i g prese t , except few a of h a very sm ll pieces , disposed to s oem kers ,

n and h artiﬁcers h a carpe ters , ot er w ose person l

own services they desired to have at their doors . D 28 THE WA R IN NEW ZEA LAN .

These tribes cultivated a very few acres them

an f a il of f rt selves, while thous ds o squ re m es e ile land lay unproductive and entirely useless to the

in human race . As they saw other tribes sell g

a and n a n h a e l nd colo iz tio progressing, t ey bec m alarmed lest the day should arrive when they

ul a to an and sho d be persu ded sell their own l ds , so admit among themselves the advan cin g wave of n an an European immigratio . The idea of ti

- n a f or was land selli g le gue suggested itsel , sug gested to them ; an d most of those tribes whi ch

’ e the n at a n desir d to hold colo ist rms le gth ,

in n nﬁn h s jo ed it . So lo g as they co ed t emselve

a n h own an to resolutio not to sell t eir l ds, their right to establish such a league could scarcely be denied ; but before long it assumed a more aggressive character . In many instan ces when tribal lands woul d have been sold by the vote of the a r the n n of h m jo ity, i ﬂue ce the league broug t to bear upon them by distant tribes encouraged the min ori ty to hold out ; and when the leagu e became as it did closely identiﬁed with the Kin g

n a n of Moveme t , the over wi g power the latter was

h n a ali t row into the sc le to prevent enation . Man y

W 30 THE WA R IN NE ZEAL AND .

h was not h As a as 1 848 t em to t eir liking . e rly , the idea was entertain ed among them of appoin t

in a of h n n on g king t eir own . Their co ceptio s

h n a t e subject were no doubt exceedi gly v gue . They had n ever had among themselves any

na na h a nor an a n na tio l e d , y regul r or co stitutio l

f of rn n h h d orm gove me t . But t ey a imbibed

n n of n n and h had some otio s our i stitutio s , t ey studied in the Old Testament the history of

na h a n the ul mo rc y mo g Israelites . The res t , so

far as a ﬁn ha a a it ever took de ite s pe , bec me

of a of ﬁ n sort p rody the two . At rst a mere bli d groping after a better form of self-government

han h n the a h of t t ey possessed , meriti g symp t y

all men a n a n n , it r pidly dege er ted i to somethi g little else than antagonism towards the Eur o

an and an a the i of pe s , ttempt to prescribe l mits

n n At the of n n colo izatio . time the comme ceme t of the present war (1 862) it presented the fol

f a - An n a n lowing e tures elected ki g , very you g

an of n o f of a a n a m orce ch r cter, surrou ded by

h f who f a few ambitious c ie s , ormed little mock

t an d a - a h and cour , by body gu rd wit out shoes

s who him f with very tight tocks, kept rom all THE IN G M EM N T 31 K O V E . v a a and fr m n the n n of ulg r cont ct, o eve i spectio

E an on a n urope s, except humili ting terms e tirely powerless to enforce among his subjects the d s n of his a i an ar if h eci io s m g strates my, it mig t b e all of f ll er a c ed so , to o ow s sc t t ered n an a over the cou try, but org ized so th t l arge n umbers could be concentrated on any one point on short n otice ; large accumul ated

s of f of a and a n n a upplies ood , rms , mmu itio ; position in the centre of the island from whi ch a descent could be made in a few hours on any of the European settlements ; roads prohibited to be made through two thirds of the islan d ; the

la r ar a a n a h rge ivers b red g i st ste mers , so t at ni n e - tenths of the country was closed again st the o rdinary means of travel and tran sport ; the ’ Qu een s law set at utter deﬁan ce ; her magis t rates treated with supercilious contempt ; her Wri ts torn to pieces and trampled under foot ; E uropeans who had married native women driven

011 13 of the h and kin g districts, while t eir wives

hil w e n h c dren re taken from them , u less t ey would

' 1 e ' the k n cogmze an d pay an annual tribute to i g ; a11 c c m an n of the this a o panied by exhibitio 32 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA L A ND .

m a a and n s u n for ut ost rrog nce , u di g ised co tempt the of n r and power the Quee , the Gove nor, the

a Europe ns . Many believe (I do so myself) that in its early stages kingism might have been moulded into

n ful and ha the a f somethi g use , ve proved me ns o

a n n a a the in f elev ti g the tive r ce , by troduction o

n n a and in ha n i stitutio s subordin te to , rmo y with , the n n f n European gover me t o the colo y . The

n was . G rn opportu ity, however, lost ove or

’ Browne s respon sible advisers in duced him to

a a and was a n for a m ke the ttempt , it tte ded time with considerable success ; but his n on responsible native secretary persuaded him to

an n a in him ha if ft kin ism ab do it , dvis g t t he le g

o f ul d a n a a a h . In a t itsel , it wo die tur l de t m king

f a r r a in this at l e ror, the Gove nor cted opposition

a of his n l a and to the dvice respo sib e dvisers , by virtue of the absolute power reserved to him in

' “ n ative aﬁairs by the Imperi al Government) The n atural consequence of the laisser fairc system

The hi story of the King movement and the part taken by n in referen ce to it were t orou hl investi ate Governor Brow e , h g y g d

i ato Commi ttee in 1 860. See it in C. P. P. 1 860. by the Wa k , THE KING M VEMEN O T. 33

s n f l . Kin ism a a n s n th oo o lowed g r pidly g i ed tre g ,

“ ” and f f n the f u , le t to itsel , it soo developed eat res

ha h i l a I ve described , whic , it w l be dmitted , were absolutely irreconcilable with the existence of the

’ Queen s authority an d the presence of the con sti

ti n n h n tu o al governme t established in t e colo y . When to these features it added an open declara

’ n of war in in the n na the tio , by order g , ki g s me ,

’ m of the n s as ha l urder Quee s subject , we s l

n see was the a was no prese tly c se , there possi bility of any further tolerance of the existence of an n of all and i stitution subversive order, w openly aggressive. against the authori ty of la . ( 34 )

A CH PTER III .

f Wai tara G overnor Brown e Hostiliti e s at Purchase o ——by Taran a i 1 860 61 Tru ce arran e W . T om s on k , g d by h—p G ovem or Brown e prepares to invade Waikato Probable Con sequ ences of Invasi o—n Govern or Brown e rec all e d P aceful Solution an ti ci te G overnor G rey appointed e pa d .

IN the n h of 1 859 n mo t November, , Gover or

n the n of m Brow e visited settleme t New Ply outh . He had an interview with a n umber of the n a of the i and ann n tives distr ct , ou ced publicly that if any of them wished to sell lan d he was

on h w n a prepared to buy, t eir sho i g good title . A n ative n amed Teira (Taylor) rose up imme

diately and offered to sell a block of 600 acre s at

’ a a a. The a h f of Teira s W it r princip l c ie tribe ,

i a n a he l W lli m Ki g , decl red wou d n ot allow the

land to be sold . The Govern or in timated that if Teira proved his title he would complete the pur

i chas e and he left the investigation of the title in

the hands of . a an a a Mr P rris , ssist nt lan d pur FIRST TA RANAKI WAR . 35

’ e hs n chase commissioner . After som mont ego tiation a r t d the i 200l . was , P r is repor e t tle good ” t a on a n and the n paid o Teir ccou t , Gover or

th n a sent a party of surveyors to mark e bou d ries .

’ The surveyors were stopped by William King s

ar the n and p ty , soldiers were sent by Gover or,

h n in a few days ﬁg ti g began .

n n i 2l st Ma 1 6 Hostilities co ti ued t ll y, 8 1 . The n atives intrenched themselves in strong

i s f pos tions . Our troop ollowed their example and shut themselves up in the town of New

h th n Plymout . But e atives did not conﬁne

h s to h n h d h a a t em elves t eir stro g ol s ; t ey r v ged ,

an d w h the n of the n , it exceptio tow , utterly destroyed the whole of the ﬂourishing little

n h h n n settleme t , w ic exte ded over some twe ty

in n h or h . Th miles le gt , by six eig t deep e whole of the Europe—an population were either n n the wn h i h d drive i to to t e r —ouses an home steads desolated and destroyed or they left for

h n . A few n an h ot er settleme ts u import t skirmis es ,

in h h a a an a and c w ic we g ined little dv t ge , the ap f an ah all ture o empty p or two , were the military

at n on e for a n h oper io s our sid sever l mo—t s . At 3 2 36 THE WA R IN NE W E AND Z AL .

n a al a a and he le gth new gener rrived (Pr tt), undertook the reduction of on e of the strong

of h f he accom holds t e n atives by sap. Be ore

lished was a an d the ﬁ t p it, a truce m de , rs campaign of the war came to an end ; havin g resulted in nothing except the utter destruction of th e settlement of Taran aki .

The was ff a h truce e ected by Willi m T ompson , a a n a a f n the le di g W ik to chie , representi g King

a and rt f p rty Waikato . Sho ly a ter hostilities

n a who comme ced, the Waik to tribes , lived some

200 off and had n o na n miles , perso l i terest what ever in the land dispute between the Govern or an d a n n n a n n Willi m Ki g, se t dow stro g co tingent

the a to assist l tter . They had scarcely arrived when they were surprised by our troops and

h n a a hi suffered severe loss . T ompso v iled mself of the opportunity of going down an d proposing a

n n of h was fu : suspe sio ostilities . He success l a truce was arranged between him and Governor

ai a o n n n Browne the W k t co ti gent retur ed home ,

nd the a a a n . na a a n f a T r n ki reside t tives bst i ed , or the n f an f h a prese t , rom y urt er ctive hostilities . The colony was taken entirely by surprise by

IN NE W A 38 THE WA R ZE LAND .

n and ha li a n was the Governor wro g, t t Wil m Ki g

ﬁ n h h of n o justi ed in opposi g (t oug , course , t by

’ i e a arms) Te ra s attempt d s le . A majority of Middl e Island members who knew n othing abo ut

he n a ac a a n f l n of t tives , tu ted m i ly by ee i gs loyalty

an d of nal a for the n e perso reg rd Gover or , support d h him . Of t e whole House of representatives he had a con siderable majority with him ; of the

is a n a ll ar Leg l tive Cou cil sti l ger proportion . Hi s

ministers conceived themselves to be so stron g

ha h f h t t t ey, very oolis ly, opposed and defeated a

for in a of th motion inquiry to the c uses e war .

Had n an it bee gr ted, it is very probable that a

way would have been discovered to adjust the

diﬂi cult and the c n of y, get olo y out the critic al

position into whi ch the act of the Govern or had

a precipit ted it .

a aft the was Immedi tely er truce made , in

Ma 1 861 G rn al y, , the ove or c led on the n atives

a a n a by procl m tio , to m ke submission an d take

l an the oath of al egi ce . Very few did ; an d as h the year wore on e made his intention kn own

of a n a a inv di g W ik to , to compel submission an d

n pu ish those tribes which had join ed in the TR UCE OF 1 861 .

Ta a a an r n ki disturb ces . The Assembly met again

‘ in un 1 861 . was n ow n J e , It wi ter, but by Sep tember (the New Zealand spring) it was under s ra n n tood ope tio s would comme ce . Gen eral Cameron had arrived and had expressed his a e ﬁnd m n for his nxi ty to some employ e t soldiers . To the old colonists of the Northern Island the

was ar la h prospect most gloomy , p ticu rly to t ose

l a a of in its southern portion . We were we l w re the preparations which the natives had made for war ; we knew that we ourselves were entirely

n a a m t h a n a u prep red , l os wit out rms , u tr ined ,

r an and a a a uno g ized, sc ttered over l rge tr cts , with our families and properties exposed to

Th n n attack on every side . e Welli gto members

h an n t h the G rn and a soug t i erview wit ove or, sked him if it was true that he intended to invade

a . a was an d ha had no Waik to He s id it , t t he doubt that the ﬁrst shot ﬁred there would be the

n a in ll th sign al for a ge er l ris g a over e island . We called his attention to our unprepared and

unprotected state . He said we must build

nd f n s as the n redoubts a de e d our elves , colo ists

h d n a n had at Taranaki a do e . As th t settleme t 40 THE WA R IN NE W ZEALA ND .

n a h s bee swept s bare as the ﬂoor , we t ought thi a and him . li poor prospect, told so He rep ed ” - ft that War is not made with rose water . A er

. h a no h h h a t is we s id more , t oug we t ought good deal for it appeared to us that the colonization and of twenty years was about to be destroyed, that min was preparing for the colonists of the

h n An d had the n n n a Nort er Island . i te ded i v sion of Waikato been attempted with the small

’ mi litary force un der Gen eral Cameron s com

an and h n a as it m d, wit the colo y so unprep red was at ha a n hin f a fu t t d te , ot g but the most e r l

i a ha n If h a d s sters could ve e sued . , wit ne rly

’ men and a ara n he was , two ye rs prep tio , barely able to drive back the invading Waikatos f an in 1 863 ha ha n rom Auckl d , w t would ve bee our position if the invasion of their country had been attempted by us with a force of barely men an d the n a h n r a , colo y ltoget er u p ep red We may well be thankful that we were spared the

a a a ha n f c l mities th t must ve i evitably ollowed .

f h the a n was ufﬁ n Be ore, owever, se so s cie tly

C. P. P. 1 861 . R G L F W E A O G O VERN OR RRo NE. 41

a a a of a at two im dv nced to dmit milit ry oper ions ,

The war in r portant changes took place . M ist y

was f a and on e h h de e ted in the Assembly, w ic its opponents termed the Peace - at- any- price ” ni r it Th a h Mi st y took s place . e m jority w ich had supported the Govern or in what he had done had evidently not conﬁdence in what he was

a . h he in n a n bout to do As , owever, would , i v di g

a a ha a on own n i as W ik to , ve cted his respo sibil ty

n a oﬂi cer the han of ul a imperi l , c ge Ministry wo d probably have had little effect but for the other

n f h a eve t re erred to . T is was his own remov l

f t n h rom he Governme t. T e Home Government

f n the i of the n n r ou d pos tion colo y becomi g se ious .

n n t the n han It determi ed to e rust rei s to other ds , and by a despatch full of complimentary lan

a n a a of ha he had n gu ge , expressi g pprov l w t do e ,

an d n n nﬁ n in hi m the n co ti ued co de ce , Gover or was informed that he was superseded by Sir

f n of a an George Grey, ormerly Gover or New Ze l d ,

f h a of and then o t e C pe Good Hope . The colony had a n - and h now bre thi g time , the ope revived that we might yet escape the horrors of an insur

n of h - f h of na rectio t ree ourt s the tive race . Sir WA R N N W 42 THE I E ZEA LA ND .

a and r n George Grey rrived in September, the sp i g

n wi h the n a of opened upo us t out re ew l hostilities . We ventured to believe that the hatchet was buried . ( 43 )

A ' CH PTER IV.

Important Events overlooked Thompson an d Natives ol al oof Gov rn er Wai ato Hi h d — e or G rey visits L ow k s Rece tion Offer ma e to re f r Waitara uestion to Ar itra p — d e Q —b ti on refused Fu rth—er Attempts at Paciﬁc Solution —G over n or goes to Taran aki D ete—rmi n es to give u p Wai tara Takes Possession of Tataraima a Natives mur er Escort 4th Ma — k — d , y G overn or gives up Waitara Distin cti on between G overnor ’ Bro f 1 d a i c mm wn e s War o 860 an t t w n ow co ence . , h h h d

THERE n an a a of n who li is in E gl d cl ss perso s ve ,

h a n a n h or w ose c use lives, by se s tio T eir min ds appear to get into a hustings state ; they exaggerate and high- colour whatever supports

h r h i or t ei views , while t ey gnore misrepresent an a n of fa a the h y mou t cts which m ke ot er way.

In n the a an n h discussi g New Ze l d questio , whic

nf a h are r f n of n h u ortun tely t ey ve y o d doi g , t ese person s generally overlook the events of the year an d a half which elapsed between the arrival HE W R I L ND 44 T A N NE W ZEA A . of Govern or Grey and the ren ewal of hostilities at a an a Ma 1 863 a ha T r ki in y, . They ssert t t the war which then commenced was identical in

or as h as n its merits , , t ey express it, i iquitous as that un der Governor Browne ; and putting out of sight altogether a course of deliberate a n n n n n h h ctio , exte di g over eightee mo t s , whic had for its object the paciﬁc adjustment of the

ai tara h a a W dispute , t ey ssert th t we did not

n a to a an w th the na e de vour m ke y terms i tives ,

the one h a n h do as but t ing we c lled upo t em to , w ” la h r a an d a to y down t ei rms ce se to be rebels . The object of the presen t chapter will be to

a o a i of fa ende vour to sh w by s mple record cts , how entirely untrue and un fair is the view taken by these person s . When the truce referred to in the last chapter was a il a n n m de , W li m Thompso , who represe ted the

a a the law a the a of M ories , s id Let h ve c re the Waitara ; let a—good man from the Queen he a n n investigate t case th t is, some perso se t by

a the the Duke of Newc stle , to suppress troubles

ll Ab. Pr . S . Re r C urc i o oc ort 1 865 . L ord Alf ed h h , p , , p 20.

46 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LA ND .

King party of any n ote made his appearan ce .

Two inf men of hat a who f s erior t p rty, pro es ed to

a had n o r al an h be deleg tes but c edenti s , wr gled wit the Governor for some hours at public gatherin gs

of K n i m ha n h on the merits i g s . It d bee oped that the leading men of the party would have availed themselves of thi s opportunity of meeting the n h own had Gover or in t eir district, where he

na an a few come u ttended by y but civilian s . He

a a and n e r a d w ited some d ys , the r tu ned to Auckl n

al a rin at the a good de ch g ed result . This conduct of the Waikatos was altogether irreconcilable with the idea that they wished for h peace . Sir George Grey ad during hi s previous

administration been on the most fri endly term s with them ; he had been most liberal towards

h in i t n of t em the d stribu io ploughs , mills an d

other things ; he had been personally acquain ted with most of the leadin g chiefs ; and yet when he

“ came in the character of the good man sent

out by the Duke of Newcastle to investigate ” a a a, and the a W it r suppress the troubles in l nd , l they absolute y ign ored his presence in the country and abstained from all communication RB ITR TI N PR P SED A A O O O . 47

h hi n h wit him . T s was ot the course w ich men of a n n a l ha c ndour , ho estly desiri g pe ce , wou d ve pursued . I was so deeply impressed with the conviction that before any good could be don e Waitara m se of ha f th ust be dispo d , t t be ore e Governor

r A an f a a retu ned to uckl d rom W ik to , I proposed to him that I should go to the upper part of the

h n and the a n f of district , see T ompso le di g chie s the n art fa to fa and to h Ki g p y ce ce , propose t em , in

’ the r na to f the a a a n Gove nor s me , re er W it r questio to arbitration before a tribunal of two European s an d f a h a n our M ories , t ree to be ppoi ted by

n a an d hr G n . the tives , t ee by the over or His

n a n and n . h m n Excelle cy sse ted , I we t T o pso was absent from the district ; but I foun d n early the whole of the other leadin g chiefs of the King party assembled together at Hangitikei on the

met in Waipa river . At my request they me a

a and h n f a l d full public ssembly, I t e orm l y propose

f a t a a n the ann to re er W i ara to rbitr tio , in m er

l was ha alr eady mention ed . The rep y t t Waitara

n a in the han of h n and had bee pl ced ds T ompso , whatever he might decide would be accepted by THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LAND .

‘ th for e rest . I waited in Waikato several days

h and n al n s to a s T ompson , se t sever messe ger pl ce h w ere he was said to be . At last I was obliged

k an h n him to return to Auc l d, wit out seei g ; but

f a for him f n of the ff I le t letter , in ormi g him o er

had he h h f end of a I made to t ot er c ie s . At the fortnight I received a reply dated 2l st of January

1 as n n 862 from him . It w a disi ge uous an d

a m n an d a a ev sive docu e t , distinctly st ted th t he would n ot now agree to Waitara bein g investi ” wi h his gated . Coupled t conduct towards the

l n a l t as f Governor, I cou d o ly reg rd this et er proo

ha n was a in fal an h h t t Thompso pl y g us se , d t at e was not really desirous of removin g the great stumbling block in the way of t e- establishin g fri endly relation s between his people an d the Govemmentxl'

to However, we were determined persevere The inﬂuential tribes at Hawkes Bay had sym pathized strongly with Waikat o an d William Kin g on the Waitara question but they had abstain e d

ven C. P. P. 1 8 E E ts 63 . Journal o No . See f , , 1 3. ’ tter an d See Thompson s Le subsequent corres pon den ce ,

1 863 E. No. 1 3 . 1 4 are . C. P. P. , , p , T N EJE T ARBITRA IO R C ED . 49 from mixing themselves up in the quarrel between

h v n n n t em and the Go ernme t . O bei g told by me that Thompson had declined to refer Waitara to

a a n a r and rbitr tio , they expressed gre t su prise

sa n n and t to h n n di ppoi tme t , wro e T ompso to k ow if w h it as true . T ey were told distin ctly in reply that the Waikatos disapproved of the proposal to investigate Waitara and they were sn ubbed

for h n f n . h h n ot t eir i ter ere ce T ey , owever, did

a n of n a give the m tter up . A great meeti g tives

h in a a . 1 862 was to be eld W ik to in Oct , to

th of Kin ism an d hi t discuss e prospects g , t her a stron g deputation of the Hawkes Bay n atives

The h of Z a an a a n went . Bis op New e l d lso tte ded

a h a n and a a h it. He pre c ed sermo , m de speec urging the Waikatos most earn estly to accept the

n The a Ba proffered arbitratio . H wkes y deputa

tion hon estly pressed the subject ; but neither bishop nor deputation could prevail ; and the

o a il h as matter was got rid f very summ r y, muc it

in a li a n mi ght have been our P r ment, by movi g

n the previous questio .

No . 1 2 P. P 86 E. 0. . 1 3 Report of Peria. meetin g, , 4 W 50 THE WA R IN NE ZEA L AND .

f ll in an a n ao In the o ow g J u ry, the Gover or,

a n an d n an companied by single i terpreter, u n ounced N aruawahia the a n ce , visited g , usu l reside

in was a n th of the k g . The king bse t ; but e

o rn had a n n v h h n G ve or lo g i ter iew wit T ompso , the gen eral tenor of whose conversation was a

n a n the in n determi tio to support K g moveme t , an d to resist the introduction of steamers on the

a a h on han W ik to river ; w ile, the other d , he appears to have in timated that Waikato would n ot interfere to preven t the Govern or from resumin g possession of the Tataraimaka district an d other lands from which the Taran aki settlers had been

n and of hi the na i h drive , w ch tives st ll eld armed

a n . h n a i n occup tio Not ing very e cour g g, however,

resulted from thi s in terview ; and the Govern or

was obliged by illness to return to Aucklan d without

seeing any of the other leadin g men of the Kin g a f p rty . He seems rom thi s time to have made up

his n h w mi d t at it as hopeless to en deavour any n t lo ger o induce the Waikatos to adjust the Waitara

n mi a a a . a questio by c ble me ns He ppears , how

to ha ever, ve determined to wash his hands of it

Southern Cross Su l m e ent Jan . 1 8 , pp , 63. WAITA RA A BAND NED O . 5]

an a and at all and he h by y me ns risks , s ortly afterwards went to New Plymouth to carry out

his an n . In d n so hin as pl s upo the spot oi g I t k,

a ma of be was an d had he tter policy, q uite right ,

n in the h wa n n h do e it rig t y, o e , except t ose whose partisanship for Governor Brown e might

wa h n a have rped t eir judgme t, could possibly h ve

h li a n objected . But t ere was a comp c tio in the

a and afﬂ him. a m tter, it b ed At the very l st

n a n and f mome t he took wro g course , the ruits

of all n f a an all the a the patie t orbe r ce , diplom tic

all n a a a n al of skill , the a xious c re to void re ew

h hi h had n for h n ostilities, w c bee exercised eig tee

n h wn a a in a da . mo ths , were t ro w y y The com plication referred to was this About ﬁfteen miles south of the town of New

h of h Plymouth lies t e district Tataraimaka. T is district had been purchased during Sir George

’ a n t a n in 1 848 or 1 849 Grey s previous dmi is r tio , . There had n ever been a shadow of a doubt as to the validity of the purchase ; and it had been

a or ten a h occupied by Europe n settlers f ye rs , old

n ing un der Crown grants . Duri g the Taranaki war of 1 860- 1 the settlers were driven—from this 4 2 52 THE WA R IN NE W E A Z A L ND . di tr n u n n a i e d r s ict by the i s rge t t v s, an thei home

t a a a an d T s e ds r v ged destroyed . he natives had

i a ar e s s n o ever s nce ret ined m d pos es io f it . It was impossible that this could be permitted to continue and when the Governor went to Tara n a ri 1 863 he had a in the ki in Ap l , , ccord g to — an had on to do h t pl s he decided , two t ings o

a a a and to a give up W it r ret ke Tataraimaka. By on e of those unfortunate errors which are apt to befal those who are too much given to diplo ” ac for n a n a n m y, he , some u expl i ed re so , reversed the process : without even giving a hin t of his

n n n to n a a a n i te tio surre der W it r , he se t soldiers to occupy Tataraimaka. The resident n atives at

no n n ﬁrst made oppositio , but they insta tly sent

a for . The s n to Waik to orders orders, ig ed by the ﬁghting gen eral of the King party an d other ” n i f h n leadi g ch e s , were , Begin your s ooti g .

n They were promptly obeyed . O the 4th May 1 863 an ambuscade of n atives attacked a small escort party convoying some carts between T ara na and ta a a a and a a ki Ta r im k , b rb rously murdered

a ra ett . and i n Lieuten nt T g , Dr Hope , e ght ra k

’ n an d ﬁle of the Quee s troops . The Govern or

54 THE WA N N W E L R I E Z A A ND .

an d li b a ff f the a in most er l o ers , to re er m tter

a a n and who h n the dispute to rbitr tio , , w e

no aa a a a h h h Gover r retook T t r im k , t oug they t em

had n o na in a an a selves perso l interest T r ki , ordered the resident natives to commen ce the

a n h who sa a work of blood . Cert i ly t ose y th t n o attempt was made to offer terms to the n a v ha a n h m n la ti es , but t t we c lled upo t e o ly to y ” h a an d a down t eir rms ce se to be rebels , very

n grossly misreprese t the facts . Govern or Grey n ever called on them to do anything of the sort during the ﬁrst year and a half of his administra

n he a n o a n nl tio ; m de ggressive moveme t , u ess

f n ar n a a n Kin ism an d he by rie dly gume t , g i st g ; punished no on e for participation in the insurrec

If the l n h was h tion of 1 860. ever o ive bra c eld

was n ha out in sin cerity it duri g t t period . Had

en a as n r as was ffe all it be ccepted si ce ely it o red , question s of difficulty between the Govern ment an d the n atives might have been ami cably a all the h h h has n djusted , bloods ed w ic e sued

ht ha n a and a h mig ve bee sp red , the two r ces mig t have continued to occupy in harmony and peace the ﬁne n h h has a for h cou try w ic mple room bot . ( 55 )

A CH PTER V . — Al armi n State of Affai rs rn Wai ato Su re sion r g k —pp s by Fo ce of G overn men t Prin ting Establishmen t Obstru cti on of B uild ings at Kohekohe Expul sion of Resident Magi strate Attempts made by Waikatos to rou se Rebelli on in the South — ’ — T om son s Com licit Commen n f Wai ato Cam h—p p y ceme—t o k ai n The ﬁr st ste ta en the Re els Attac on Escort p g p —k by b k , an d Fi t at Koheroa D f — gh e eat of Rebels L on g D elay .

H LE the n t a an a W I Gover or was engaged a T r ki , as a in the a ha n had n rel ted l st c pter, eve ts bee

n in ai a n a n ha e n if the occurri g W k to , i dic ti g t t , ve

a at had n ot outbre k the former place occurred , the of th n had h temper e Ki g party become suc , that it would be impossible for the Govern or lon g to avoid coming into hostile collision with it.

’ Shortly after the Governor s arrival in the

n in 1 861 li a h n had colo y, , Wil m T ompso com plained of ardent spiri ts being smuggled in to

a a a n a an d a on the W ik to by Fre ch tr der, c lled Government to assist him in suppressing the W 56 THE WA R IN NE ZEALA ND .

act A an a n f o or pr ice . dv tage was t ke o the pp tunit aff his and a a a e y orded by t request , m gistr t

. was n the ar of the (Mr Gorst), se t into he t

a ka n r h he was a sh a W i to cou t y, w ere est bli ed on small block of lan d whi ch had been sold by the n a a a n an d was h hi m tives to c rpe ter, eld by

n a n f the r . r was u der gra t rom C own . Mr Go st not allowed by the surroundin g Kin gites to ex er cise hi s fun ction s as a magistrate amon g them but he was useful to the Government in keepin g

nf of ha was n on in a a it i ormed w t goi g W ik to , an d gettin g an in sight into the character of the

n A th King moveme t . bout e close of 1 862

Mr . Gorst proposed to establish a school in the

r for the a n of n dist ict, educ tio you g men who might be gradually wean ed from the in ﬂuen ces

of the Ki ng party ; and the Mission station of

Awamutu w h an a of e a h n r , it est te sev r l u d ed acres

of an an d n n was a l d, exte sive buildi gs , pl ced at the a of the rn n for r dispos l Gove me t the pu pose .

A n a il n e and an dditio l bu di gs w re erected , ample

' staﬂ of teachers suitable for a large in dustrial

school were provided at the cost of the Colon ial

Mr. n a at Government, Gorst bei g pl ced the head ’

ME. O G RST S PRIN TING PRESS. 57 o f a h the est blis ment . Several pupils were induced t o n and h n had n too e ter, thoug thi gs go e much far in Wai kato to make it likely that it would e e an n n on Kin ism x rcise y perceptible i ﬂue ce g ,

et n o n n was and n o y doubt the i tentio good , har li al h w was to ar s m , po tic or ot er ise , likely i e f the a i n of an n n if rom est bl shme t such i stitutio ,

n discretion were exercised in its manageme t .

nf n a n w s n ot The U ortu tely discretio a exercised . King n atives had for some time past been in the habit of issuin g an occasion al sheet of newspaper on a a a in t of the n very sm ll sc le , suppor pri ciples

wa n at a h of Kin gism. It s pri ted press w ich had been sent to them as a presen t by—the Emperor ofA a an d was a the Hokioi the n a of ustri , c lled me

n h rna a fabulous bird of omin ous porte t . T is jou l

e affa and h af ha was a v ry poor ir , mig t s ely ve

ft f. one h unfor been le to itsel Some , owever, tun ately suggested the idea of an opposition

a for the of n n Ki n ism p per purpose writi g dow g .

n n was a and un h A pri ti g press obt ined, der t e

of . a n a in t editorship Mr Gorst , jour l he Maori lan guage was issued periodically from the in dus

In n of trial school . co tempt the Hokioi appa 58 THE WA IN NE W R ZEAL AND .

' rentl was t the Pihozhoi the n a of a y, it s yled , me

t n a m n in the n and lit le grou d l rk co mo cou try, which might represent to Maori ideas what the

h n c irpi g sparrow would to us . Great was the bickering between the birds ; an d it is probable

’ ha ha h hi n t t t t whic c rped u der Mr . Gorst s a had the t of the a n A uspices bes rgume t . t all events the n atives seem to have thought that it was han a a h for h ha n so more t m tc t eir c mpio ,

h n n t ey determi ed to abate it . A stro g party of them marched down to the printing ofﬁce a n of the an d rmed, took possessio press , types,

a a and in of all the e s an t m teri l spite r si t ce , shor of h h h was ff an bloods ed , w ic o ered by extremely

n a an a r h m a a . e ergetic M ori pressm , c r ied t e w y A member of the House of Representatives pal liatin h an a n a ha if an one had g t is tr s ctio , s id t t y established a violent anti - Catholic paper in the

n of a ha n ot n the tow Tr lee , t t o ly would press

n the t a s sum have bee seized, but proprie or l o

a f h the m rily disposed o . It mig t be so ; but perpetrators of such an act would have been very likely to have to an swer for their con duct at the n n An d h h n ext crimi al assize . t oug o one can OOUR T H E T HEK HE OUS A K O O . 59 deny that the attempt to establish a political agency under cover of an in dustrial school was n e h nor a h f wa it er judicious str ig t or rd, yet it cer tainly did not justify the resort to violen ce which f ll w h n in 1 863 A o o ed This appe ed . more

e affa ha n h s rious ir, however, ppe ed very s ortly

The Govern or wi shing to strengthen the f n e n the n a and A l a ro tier b twee Ki g p rty uck nd , an d possibly with ulterior views for the main

’ ten ance of the u n a h had r n Q ee s ut ority, dete mi ed to erect a court- house and police barracks in

a a on a n n a al lower—W ik to , l nd b—elo gi g to loy chief a n ative magistrate who gave his full

n n if n was n ot in a re co se t ; , i deed , it orig lly

him h if ll n quested by , w ich , my reco ectio does

n ot a w s . the ﬁ t misle d me , it a From very rs , the Kin g n atives up the river said it should not

n . a the a be do e At l st timbers were re dy,

n a an d the n n se t to the pl ce , erectio comme ced .

The Ki n na a in f and on the 9th g tives c me orce , of a h 1 863 h h n n i the M rc , t rew the w ole co cer nto

l ff o P. P. All the papers re atin g to this a air are c llected in C.

1 . 1 863, E. No . THE WAR IN N E W E L ND Z A A .

he fri n n a i es r th river. T e dly t v esisted to e u tmos t sh t of the o s of f but e e or l s li e , they wer ov r ‘ o p wered .

m a e aft thi ransact on the in I medi t ly er s t i , K g

na s l . st f the di t tive expe led Mr Gor rom s rict . He an d hi s assistants had with much courage

h s the ast and was stuck to t eir po t to very l , it only after the natives had threaten ed to put them into a canoe and launch them down the river when in fact their remain in—g was no lon ger con sistent with personal safety that they aban don ed

ha n at the end of A it . This ppe ed pril These events all occurred before the outbreak

at a ana . so n had ha n T r ki No o er t t eve t occurred , an d the Kin g n atives had committed themselves to hostilities by the part they took in directin g the

s of 4th Ma an h murder the y, th t ey began to make preparation s for an immediate aggressive

A k a n movement upon uc l nd . Evide ce of this l poured in from a l sides . A great n umber of

a to the n letters were ddressed Gover or, to

and h ﬁi endl missionaries ot ers , by y natives in

o C. P. P E E No . 3. . . N . 0. p . p , 1 863 . o 3 1 , T , , 5 .

W THE AR IN NEW ZEA LAND . diately after the commencement of hostilities

nﬁ a n . ha n n co rm the st teme t I ve co se ted , he

on the 26th u “ a a h of writes . J ly , to tt ck the w ole

h a l n h u t e town . I sh l spare eit er narmed people

nor . If h n property t ey prove the stro gest , well an d If a r s the n good . the M o ie prove stro gest , this is how it will be : the un armed people will ” n t o be left. The Govern or had no longer any doubt that the tribes of Waikato had organized plans for the wholesale destruction of the European

n h f settleme ts . He ad positive proo that they had a h i the u at a an a an d ut or zed m rders T r ki , that they were on the point of attacking the immediate n eighbourhood of Auckl and and com

n a h mitti g simil r murders t ere . He kn ew that

had n a n an d ll n for a a they bee rmi g dri i g ye rs p st . He determined at once to advan ce into their

n r a n the h had cou t y, to bring to ccou t tribes whic

the a at a an a and provoked outbre k T r ki , to

n n suppress if possible the threate ed i surrection .

‘ o A orti on of the letters &c . referre to Will be f p , d , oun d in '

E o . 3 d E. No. 3 C. P. P. 1 863 . N an A . T om son s l tter , , h p e ,

E . 3 A . . 7 . . No , p C MM N EN T OF WA R IN W K T 63 O E CEM A I A O.

General Cameron was still at New Plymouth en a n to n the a al de vouri g pu i—sh ctu perpetrators o f the murders there an d he had fought one s uccessful engagement with them at Kaitikara.

He was n o a an h all the w rec lled to Auckl d, wit force that could be spared beyon d what was n ecessary to form a garrison for the protection

the nn n of the town of New Plymouth . By begi i g of July he had con centrated a strong force on the boun dary between the settled European districts

n Th h and the un sold Maori la ds . e proper rig t ban k of the Waikato river an d the Maungatawhiri creek which falls into that river just where it

a a an a n f f m kes rect gul r be d , orty miles rom Aucklan d an d about the same distan ce from the

sea f the fr n in n the m a , ormed o tier l e betwee I peri l

on the on e d an d the n n nati troops si e , i surge t ves

The n r had a a on the other . Ki g t ibes lw ys said that they should look upon our crossing this

a n of r frontier as a declar tio wa . We were now

a a n ot prepared to t ke th t step , but with any such ” r in tention as declarin g wa . War had already

n a e the a a n e bee decl r d by W ik tos , whe they ord red

f he 4th of Ma that a the murders o t y; , ccording to W 64 THE A R IN NEW ZEAL AND .

a a was a a a n of war and the M ori ide s , decl r tio Govern or crossed the Maungatawhiri creek t o

n h for ha act and a the pu is them t t , to rrest n a n f the n of lan of the i v sio o provi ce Auck d , iin mediate immi nen ce of which he had the

irresistible proofs above referred to . On the 1 2th July Gen eral Cameron cross ed the Maun gatawhiri creek with a detachment of

380 of the 1 2th and 1 4th n an d men Regime ts ,

a h in a on the Koheroa an es pl ced t em redoubt r g ,

v n and at a an of a 500 a s o erlooki g , dist ce bout y rd

f the a . a a ha the rom , Waik to river It ppe rs t t very

da f h was a n the a a had y be ore t is step t ke , W ik tos

a h fr N aruawahia the h a - ar s desp tc ed om g , e d qu ter

of the in the r f n n rebels , upper iver, the orce i te ded

n as n to invade Auckl a d . It w divided i to two

n O e of h a ui colum s . n t em proceeded by circ

the a a a a n n tous route up M r m ru creek, desce di g

h h the h avi a a secretly t roug , e ly timbered W iro

an as outﬂank an d r ges , so to get completely into ’ ! n a a n The Ge er l C mero s rear . other column

f D 1 rn or Gre to Secretar o State ec . 5th 8 3. G ove 6 P P. y y , , . 1 4 me to ame th n 1 4 of un e 86 . 7 and Sa S 6 Ja . 86 . P. P. J , , p ; ,

3 Ma 1 864 . 2 rd y,

OOMMEN OEMEN T OE WA R IN W T AIKA O. 65

a an ra n nd n dv ced st ight down the river, i te i g apparently to attack the outposts on the n orth s of Maun atautari and at the ide the g creek , pah on the f bend o the Waikato river . Both columns s eem to have arranged to commen ce their opera

t n an . On 1 7th of th io s simult eously the July , e c n hi had n a of our f olum w ch got i to the re r orces ,

’ attacked an escort marchin g from the Queen s

to un an of a . n Redoubt Drury , der comm d C pt Ri g

E M art n of . . a a Roy l Irish . A sm e g gement ensued ; but the escort was overpowered by n umbers and had to retire to the shelter of a

’ in n h i a settler s house the eighbour ood , w th loss

i and ten n of four k lled wou ded . The loss of the

t n natives was no know .

an on a n n In the me time , the s me mor i g , at

A H. n A n an the a a 1 1 . , Colo el usti , comm ding dv nce

hi had n a n at Koheroa o post w ch bee st tio ed , b served a large body of natives collected on the f hi ranges in hi s ront . T s was undoubtedly the

i a n n f n n other nv di g colum be ore me tio ed . He a ot hi s men n ar ' immedi tely g u der ms, and advanced against the enemy ; hi s force being increased to 500 men by detachmen ts of the 5 66 THE WA R IN NE W EA LA ND Z .

1 2th and 7oth Regiments which had just arrived f the a on the h of th rom c mp ot er side e creek .

n a a n who was at the n on hi s Ge er l C mero , mome t wa to Koheroa f wa and h f y , hurried or rd , put imsel at the a of the f t n in he d orce . Af er proceedi g

r n for a l the ski mishi g order bout two mi es , rebels

n ﬁre as a an h ope ed ; but the troops dv ced , t ey retired along the narrow crest of the ridge towards the a a arua in a a n a M r m creek their re r, m ki g stand on a very favourable position whi ch the

n n . As our a a grou d prese ted troops dv nced, they

f a on a n of h fr m ell b ck sever l li es riﬂe pits , w ich , o

na of the un not n the ture gro d, could be tur ed ,

h h h f n i a n a and w ic t ey de e ded w th gre t obsti cy, from which they were only dislodged by the

one of n h bayon et . From these positio s t ey poured so heavy a volley on the advan cing

n of the 1 4th n h h had detachme t Regime t , w ic

f n n ﬁre ha the n ever be ore bee u der , t t troops wavered ; and it was only by Gen eral Cameron

ru shing twenty yards to the front and cheering

a . n ha . them o , t t they were ste died to their work

The rebel force was pursued from one position

a an of a ﬁve l n to another, dist ce bout mi es, u til

W W 68 THE A R IN NE ZEAL AND .

at an on e ac in assembled y time or pl e ; short , the whole force whi ch they could bri n g together in Waikato proper amountin g probably to n ot less

an ﬁ h in men an n th g t g , besides m y wome who always assist more or less in Maori warfare

a in a t ad n un for m k g c r ridges , lo i g g s the com

batants kin and h a d n in , coo g, ot erwise i i g the

f a a n active operation s o the c mp ig . After the successful skirmish with whi ch the

a a am a h d n n a at Koheroa W ik to c p ign a bee i iti ted , it was earn estly hoped that no time would be lost in f n a a ollowin g up the adva t ge g ined . Those who n a a and a a h wh k ow s v ges , p rticul rly t ose o

n the a l a a the on e hi n k ow M ories, wil gree th t t g

f n rta in ﬁ n he o esse tial impo nce ghti g with t m , is always to follow up an advantage with rapidi ty ;

h a h n to a a never to give t em bre t i g time , h r ss them

to a n of com from place pl ce , to impede their li es

un ication h of n m , to destroy t eir stores provisio s , and compel them thus to break up an d scatter for

a a food an d safety . Such str tegy vigorously

a n as a a followed up , ought, in such cou try W ik to

to a a the a s in a is , very brieﬂy h ve pl ced M orie position which would in all probability have led ’ - L ON G DEL A Y BEFORE MERI MERI. 69

h a had n n t em to submit . Wh t we to co vi ce them

of was a na l , th t we were better soldiers , perso l y,

han h a f was i t t ey were ; th t our orce rresistible ,

and a wi our a n n and ar a th t , th superior tr i i g m

n h had no han of s an . h me t , t ey c ce re ist ce S ort ,

ha and a n a s rp , decisive oper tio s were wh t were

n in to n n of the wa ted , order co vey to the mi ds

na n ot n h n a in the n tives , o ly t ose e g ged co ﬂict but to those at a distan ce who sympathized

h a n n a with t em , the mor l co victio th t we were

h f wi h n n their masters . We t ere ore looked t i te se an xiety to see what would be the next move

the n a a a n the n made by G e er l g i st e emy, whose whole force was en camped in a position the fortiﬁcatidn of h was i n whic st ll quite i complete , at a distance of only three miles from his ad

van ced . For h w in post weeks , o ever, we looked

n The h vai . skirmis at Koheroa was on the

1 7th . was not ll the 30th o a July It ti Oct ber,

of ﬁft n ha f rw period ee weeks, t t a o ard move

a a ment was m de . I sh ll take advantage of thi s

a in the a n a f p use oper tio s, to give brie accoun t of the coun try in which the Waikato campaign

n an d of m f was co ducted , the i mediate cause o THE WA R IN N W E L ND 70 E Z A A .

h and as al t is most serious , , it seemed to us , most “ fatal delay)

To avoi reakin the t rea ofm narrative I ave omitte db g h d y , h d a fact that occurred a few days before the commenc ement of 4 Ma ri s l n hostilfties . A out 300 to 00 o e e o in to or clos l b , b g g , e y relate to the Wai atos live in vi ll a es ver close to Au c lan d k , d g y k d . l i saff Mr T e were n own to be ee ecte . . Gorst the resi en h y k d p y d d , d t ma istrate ofWai ato has esi nate two of t eir lea in chi f g k , d g d h d g e s as ” sal rie ﬁrebran ds an d t ere i s no reason to ou t t at t ei r a d , h d b h h o v o foll owers were sticks of the same fagg t . Go ern r G rey (ac tin g

Mr . A s arentl on a int i ven the Rev . well a mi s si on app y h g by h , ary in Wai kato) gave them the choice of taking the oath of all egi an ce ff Waika d ivi n u t eir arms or oin o to to . T e r f an g g p h , g g h y p e erred he latter : but the matter was clumsil man a e an d t e t y g d , h y were I i allowed to take their arms with them. t s beli eved that they in the marau in art in the Hun ua ran j o ed d g p y ges . G overn or Gre has een ve ementl assail e for t i s as an act of y b h y d h , gr eat cru elty ; but if he really beli eved that a plot had been matur e d for an attack on Aucklan d by the immedi ate relatives of thos e eo le I cannot see t at he coul ave r n p p , h d h p ude tly acte d i n h otherw se tha e did. ( 71 )

HAP I C TER V . — of Waikato Country Cau ses of long Delay before Meri - Meri Defec tive Tran sport Neglect of Tran sport .

THE a a a n of a a A an geogr phic l rel tio W ik to to uckl d , the seat of Government at the commen cement of the war r n a an at the , will be comp ehe ded by gl ce

Th ma a map . e Waikato district y be s id to com mence at the point where the river takes its

an ar n to sea and a all rect gul be d the , to embr ce the n on a the and cou try or bout river, its two afﬂuents Horutiu an d a a for 1 00 , the W ip , miles

f ha n . a n f A an south rom t t poi t St rti g rom uckl d, there is a wide metalled road for forty miles to the river ; the ﬁrst twenty - ﬁve runnin g between fen ces and through cultivated farms twelve of the re

n n ﬁf n h a n f h mai i g tee throug de se orest , t rough

n n and li of an a broke cou try, over hills gul es elev THE WA R IN N EW 72 ZEAL AND .

n of f 300 to 400 f hi ri tio rom eet gh . The ver

n a h the n a a hi a o ce re c ed , becomes tur l ghw y , being navigable for light-draught steamers and boats to almost the southern extremity of the district ; and the lan d being practically level

n h an h is a w h alo g the proper rig t b k , t ere lso , it

few an d n n h a triﬂi g impedime ts , c ieﬂy creeks ,

u a all wa h at good s mmer ro d the y, eit er the

at a n f river side or little dista ce rom it .

' The great Waikato plain between the two

‘ aﬂluents Horutiu and a a a a , W ip , is pr ctic lly level , ” n and h . Ope , without bus I remember 110

a n a a h n gr die t too steep to g llop orse upo , an d there are on ly a few clumps of forest here and

t n a an e there . It is pre ty e rly equilat ral triangle with sides of from forty to ﬁfty miles each in

n h In the and n le gt . lower ce tral portion there are large and intricate swamps ; but they are all en t a h and a ac s p e r ted by good orse dr y tr k , well kn own to the fri endly n atives and the few

an who in the Europe settlers resided district .

n n to n an vi d O my retur E gl d , I site the interior of n and the a Kadu an ava a Ceylo , crossed gre t g p ss,

a n a n f h over mou t i some eet igh , between N F W T DESCRIP TIO O A IKA O. 73

C an d an now n a a n olombo K dy, pe etr ted by oble

a f nl ra the ro d , but ormerly o y t versed by rude

a of the n a n . A few a tr cks mou t i eers weeks l ter ,

ur n a n rf ail a the I s mou ted , by wo de ul r ro d , cele brated h ha a n a and B ore G t p ss , betwee Bomb y

nah h the n ow a n a Poo , w ere locomotive sce ds height of over feet in little more than sixteen miles ; but where formerly there was no

h h two a ot er road than a mere track . T ese gre t passes present almost every con ceivable impedi m n f the n of th e t , rom perpe dicul ar wall rock to e

ntan n n in e gleme ts of the den sest ju gle the world .

u n the ah a a nd an an a a D ri g M r tt a K dy w rs , sm ll British division s repeatedlyforced their waythrough t in the f f h n of hem , ace o overw elmi g bodies well a and - l n Now rmed well discip i ed enemies . com

a wi h a and the n on ei h p red th t ese p sses , cou try t er

n ot he a sa ha the a to side , I do sit te to y t t ccess

a a an d a a n wh n a h W ik to , the gre t pl i e re c ed , do not present a single difﬁculty which ought to have stopped a force like ours for a moment they are in fa ar n as as a n , ct, by comp iso , level bowli g

- green and as smooth as a drawing room ﬂoor .

was h not the h a n It , owever, p ysic l impedime ts E W W 74 TH AR IN NE ZEA LA ND . of the country which kept Gen eral Cameron four

n f - was a h the mo ths be ore Meri Meri . It r t er

a physical requirements of his men . It is com mi ssariat ax m “ ha a armi a h on m i , t t gre t es m rc their bellies an d whoever has seen a commis

a a an a n n n of a n s ri t tr sport tr i , with its lo g li e w ggo s ,

a of a a of f and its c sks bre d , its b rrels bee pork, its

h a of a of a an d of hogs e ds rum , its b gs sug r, boxes

tea il a m the h of ax i . The , w l d it trut the m m British

a for at h and a a soldier is well c red both ome bro d ,

and m h ul . a right it is he s o d be It y, however,

a ne of th n be c rried a little too far . O e ge erals

who an in a an a on comm ded New Ze l d is s id,

n n n ﬁ one aft rn n se di g out a detachme t to ght e oo , to have given orders to the comman din g ofﬁcer

“ to ur nd a his men a to tea for be s e a h ve b ck , i the evenin gs were gettin g cool . No doubt t was partly owing to this excessive care of soldiers the manufacture of each of whom has cost the

n a n 1 00l. was ar se tio , that it decl ed u less to

r l take them in to the bush . The u e seems to

’ n h the a n an a have bee , w ere r tio s c t be t ken ,

’ ” a n n a the men can t be t ke . The colo i l forces

as a n and the fri endly natives, we sh ll see by a d

W 76 THE A R IN N E W ZEA L AND .

f suitable or its n avigation had been provided . One would have imagin ed that any one watchin g the course of events in Waikato for two years previously woul d have arrived at the con clusion

ha war in ha r was a n t t t t dist ict lmost i evitable .

an on e a in at ha n n the n eces To y rriv g t t co clusio ,

sit of a a ill a was . h n y ste m ﬂot obvious Yet , w e

the a had a an n n o n rmy to be dv ced i to it , provisio

of the r had n a the re so t bee m de . Nor did presentatives of the Imperi al Government ever

the an of sea and an r provide me s river tr spo t , except one sea steamer purchased in December

1 864 and on e all . The n al , sm tug Colo i Govern

n l and h n o han h a s me t bui t boug t less t eig t ste mer ,

of h h as fa as was an each w ic , st provided , dem ded

f the al n n and a by oﬂi cers o Imperi Gover me t , pl ced with great readin ess at their disposal ; but too

a f o Had late to avoid the serious del y re erred t . the Govern or or Gen eral provided beforehan d the n ecessary and obvious mean s of tran sport for the

’ n the a a a a n Quee s troops , W ik to c mp ig might have been over in less time than Gen eral Cameron

- took to advan ce upon Meri Meri . ( 77 )

CHAPTER VII.

- — — Meri Meri evacu ated Rangiriri c aptu red Natives retreat up Ri ver N aruawahi occu i Ne otiati on s for Peace g a, p ed —g Troo s a v u Wai a River Piko iko an d Pateran i —p d an ce p p — p g Re el Positi on outﬂanked Awamu tu Ran ioawhi a an d b , g , ' — — Krhr M un —krlu taken Orakau captured a gatautari evacuated Termin n ation of Campai g in Waikato .

BY the end of n a n n October, the Colo i l Gover me t havin g in the meantime placed two iron .

n a the Pioneer and Avon at scree ed ste mers, , the d a of n a a n a ispos l Ge er l C mero , his prep ration s for an a an and on the dv ce were completed , 30th of that month (just ﬁfteen weeks after the engagement at Koheroa) he made in the former of these vessels a reconnaissan ce of the Maori

- n n position at Meri Meri . Fi di g it very strong in

n r n to outﬂank and a a fro t , he wisely dete mi ed tt ck

a a n to a r it in the re r ; where , ccordi g M o i custom ,

and was e w a . On it was likely to be , , v ry e k the L 78 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA AND . night of the 3l st he sent up a force of 61 2 men

a n a a - e to poi t bout six miles bove Meri Meri , wher

h an w diﬂi cult and a t ey l ded ithout y, took up com

an n n a 400 a f the m di g positio bout y rds rom river . He then return ed down the river to brin g up an

a na f a a a dditio l orce , with which to tt ck the re r,

n n m n or rather right ﬂank of the Maori e tre ch e t .

a not a all hi The M ories , however, were sleep t s

h had n o n n n f ﬁ h n time . T ey i te tio o g ti g ; an d they perfectly un derstood what was meant by

’ n a a n n n th Ge er l C mero s moveme ts . O e after noon of the l st of November they were observed b the fﬁ in an of the a an y o cer comm d dv ced post ,

a an n n n n c n n to be b do i g their e tre hme ts , a d escaping in their canoes up the Maramarua an d

Wan amarino at a i h i g creeks their re r ; wh c , n

con sequen ce of heavy rains an d the ﬂooded state

' of n r aﬂorded an the cou t y, more th usual facilities for the manoeuvre . Our troops appear to have been able . to do n othing except look on from a

n aft n n dista ce . By the er oo the Maori camp was evacuated ; and during thi s evening an d the n t da a f of 500 of ex y, orce our troops took pos

f he a an n session o t b do ed works . They proved

THE WA R IN N E W E L AN 80 Z A D .

at - and aft n of a Meri Meri , er the lo g period prep ration it was thought that n o precaution could have been omitted which might be n ecessary to

n a n n a n t h h bri g the rebels to ge eral e g geme , w ic might have decided the fate of the campaign and

n On an eve put an end to the revolt . too m y

a n in a had occ sio s previous wars , the M ories given

in a nn and us the slip similar ma er, our troops on entering an evacuated pah had foun d n othin g . but perhaps a short pipe and an old pair of

breeches. We began to be afrai d that our triumphs in Waikato were destined to be of the

a n an d ff al ha a and as s me i glorious ine ectu c r cter,

t i n lit le l kely to brin g the campaign to an e d.

was not n ll f n a However, it lo g ti better ortu e d wned

on a n d one of al n of our rms, a the princip eve ts the war occurred in the defeat of a large body of rebels at Rangiriri . Rangiriri was a n ative village situated on the

n of a a a right ba k the W ik to , bout twelve miles

- was al a s fr above Meri Meri . It equ ly cces ible om the latter place by land and by water . For a few

e a - w days after th natives evacu ted Meri Meri , it as supposed they had scattered and retreated far RANGIRIRI

of up the river, which I believe was true the

N a imanio otu n n n nf g t p co ti ge t . I ormation how ever soon reached Gen eral Cameron that a stron g party of them were entrenching themselves at

an ri and on 20th a an R giri , the November he dv ced

an a a n a a w h a f of 771 by l d g i st th t pl ce , it orce men an d two r r n un n n at , A mst o g g s ; se di g the sa two a n me time by the river the ste mers , with a

n a f of 300 and a additio l orce soldiers , bout 200 of the a a a i n all n a N v l Brig de ; , e rly men ,

an f un a on the accomp ied by our g bo ts river . The Maori force is reported to have been between 400

and 500. n was a n on Their positio stro g e, if they had been numerous en ough to defend it and heat off our troops ; but if otherwise it was a c a ﬁ n in a a omplete tr p , de cie t the usu l ppliance of a af a - for h h r s e b ck door, w ic thei entrenched

are a so a a positions usu lly rem rk ble . It con sisted of a main lin e of entrenchments across the n arrow isthmus which divides the Waikato

ik rei river from the Wa a lake . Thi s line had a

and aa an d was n double ditch p r pet , stre gthen ed in the centre by a square redoubt of very for

of midable construction , which the ditches are 6 THE WA R IN NE W EA A N 82 Z L D . stated to have been nin e feet deep and the

a a fr of p r pet (I presume om the bottom the ditch , )

- twenty one feet hi gh . Behin d the left centre of

a n n and at h an l a the m i li e rig t g es to it , there w s an entrenched line of riﬂe - pits paral lel to the

a a and n the a an W ik to river, obstructi g dv ce of

in a di n . Al h troops th t rectio together, t ough for midable a a an of far a in ppe r ce , the works were l rger exten t than the small Maori force in possession

ul f n if a a in f n and a at on e co d de e d , tt cked ro t re r

m n a a n 0 m n m ti e . Ge er l C mero with the 77 e who

had an and A n n he brought by l d , his rmstro g gu s ,

a o a a in fr n prep red t tt ck the post o t , while the 500 men in the steamers were to be lan ded on

a a a on ha an d off the re r, to tt ck it t t side cut the retreat in that direction or by the lake on the

The f a at right ﬂank . —two o—rces rrived Ran giriri m n at the same time 3 p . . but owi g to some difﬁ

in n a a di n - a culty getti g the ste mers to the l n g pl ce , an h and a a f a n h our h l el psed , duri g w ich shot an d l n n n h n at shel were poured i to the e tre c me ts, a

of 600 a n n ran ge y rds, by the Armstro g gu s . Not

h ff was and at 4 m . muc e ect produced by them, , § p the assault was ordered to be led by the 65th

84 THE WA R IN NE W EA N Z LA D . commanding position they poured in a heavy ﬁre on fu n n a r l and the gitives , i ﬂicti g ve y severe oss , stopping any further attempt at es pe in that

n h directio . It is stated t at before the arrival of the 40th both the King Matutaere and Willi am Thompson had succeeded in escaping by this

l f r route . I cou d never ascertain o a certain ty

a h of was a a h h th t eit er them ctu lly t ere , t ough on

n of ﬁve n n nar a m the testimo y indepe de t r tors, I a in clined to thi n k that the king was ; and one o f the rebel prisoners pointed out to me on paper the track by which he said Thompson had got

a ul away . The rebels prob bly wo d n ot like to admit that their great men had been the ﬁrst to

f ﬁre hi ma ac n for get rom under , w ch y cou t the conﬂicting statements which have been made on ’ n the poi t . During the night the n atives kept up a

ﬁre and ﬁ desultory , expressed their de ance by

. r l the most hideous yells They knew ve y we l ,

a a and t however, th t they were tr pped ; a early daylight one of their chiefs appeared on the

a hit ﬂa a n for parapet with w e g, ski g an inter

E A . P P. 1 863 . N . 5 . 3. C. . , o , p RAN I I I C P T G R R A URED . 85

I . n a was s n for and the preter The Ge er l e t , y

u n n a l 1 83 men 2 en s rre dered unco dition l y , wom ,

d 1 5 an of ar f an 7 st d ms ell into our hands . The casualties on our side were extremely n e : 2 oﬁcers and 1 3 n um rous — killed , wou ded , of 3 n in of 1 4th whom Colo el Aust the , Captain

of a Ar l r and a a —Mercer the Roy l til e y, C pt in Phelps aft a of n . a erw rds died their wou ds Priv tes,

35 men kill and 85 n . al ed, wou ded Tot casual

1 35 . a ties , The loss on the M ori side is never

a h n accurately scertained . T ey ge erally con

' rive ar oﬂ an of a and t to c ry m y their de d , when they have the opportunity they will bury them

r n a n as on n du i g the ctio , they did this occasio .

ﬁf was al nu About ty , I believe , the tot mber of

f n n and a h bodies ou d in the tre ches sw mp , t ough probably a few more were killed in the latter an d the lake . Both Maories and troops exhibited very great

hi n a courage . Not g could surp ss the conduct of

at the of n our troops, who, word comma d, liter ally threw themselves again st the impregnable

a a . The earthworks , to meet lmost certain de th

a was a im« victory, though de rly bought , most 86 THE WA R IN N E W EA Z LAND.

an one T port t to us . he 1 83 prisoners repre

sented a very large portion of the immediate

followers and near connexion s of the Kin g and

William Thompson and among their woun ded was

a h f of a l ar a c ie very gre t mi it y reput tion , Pene

Whare u who of hi s n p , died wou ds a few days

aft the ﬁ h a a of th r er g t . Wh t bec me e p isoners I

ha l a s l rel te hereafter .

n of n The colo ists, though course e tirely

an of r hni ali n ot ignor t milita y tec c ties , could help

z n n critici i g the tactics of the Ge eral . It did seem

a an n a m to us str ge thi g to ttempt to stor , with

no an a other weapon s than revolver pistols , e rth

a f hi work such as the centr l redoubt , be ore w ch

an of and a s f so m y our brave soldiers s ilor ell . There were no m e or scaling- ladders to

the 9 f d a the bridge ditches , eet wi e , or sc le

a h h in p rapet 21 feet hig . To get over t em any other way than by ladders and platforms involved a capacity to jump about six clear yards at an

’ upward angle of 45 degrees ﬁ‘omv the take - oﬂ a

n o a a f r feat which probably crob t could per o m , and certainly n o soldier or sailor in the usual

ar w a - in hi s an milit y costume , ith six shooter h d ,

THE WA N N 88 R I NE W ZEA LA D .

n a - a e of Kin ism old bee the he d qu rt rs g , where

’ Potatau s n a an d h his son bo es were l id , w ere Matutaere held his court in a palace con sistin g of a large but constructed of reeds and grass in the a a fa n usu l M ori shio . Here also stood the

an a aff fr in gig tic ﬂ gst , om which , its more pros

n a a of the n pero s d ys , ﬂo ted the emblem Ki g

’ t n had n a a a par y . Potatau s bo es bee c rried w y

f the a al of ur hi s be ore rriv o troops , but tomb ,

a a and ﬂa staﬂ ft an n . the p l ce , the g , were le st di g The time had n ow arrived when there seemed

f r n a n f to be an opening o egoti tio s or peac e .

n Whare u a ad n f of the n a Pe e p , le i g chie Ki g p rty , who was a n at an riri had mort lly wou ded R gi , before hi s death written to the Governor express

n n i g a desire for n egotiation . The Gover or had

‘ replied that the General must go to Ngaruawahia ; “ On a n then I will talk with you . th t eve t occur

n n a n r n ri g , the colo i l mi ist y urged the Gover or to

N aruawahi a a co an of visit g , c mp ied by two them

in a if a selves , order th t, the rebels re lly were

of n r desirous comi g to te ms , the opportun ity

Pa ers relatin to inten e vi sit to N aruawahia. C. P. P p g d d g .

1 8 4 E . 6 . No 2 . 1 &c . and . 88 . , , p , , p 9 N EG OTIA TION S FOR PEA OE. 8

aff too ft a might be orded them . As is o en the c se

n ul not a h is with Gover or Grey, he co d m ke up mi t ﬁ a of nd . A rst he acquiesced in the dvice his

ni and a n was a and mi sters, docume t p rep red a n to hi a n on hi sse ted by m, st ti g the terms w ch

n a hi was in submissio would be ccepted , w ch it

n at N aruawahi a and h te ded to issue g , w ich bore

a t a . h n hi s n d te a that pl ce T e he changed mi d , and ul n ot h n aft h n wo d go ; t e , er muc pressi g, he

an a a n and ul . n da ch ged it g i , wo d go The the y was ﬁxed carriages were ordered for the follow in n n and s al g mor ing ; horses, provisio s, per on

a a n n a f- a n n n b gg ge se t o . At h l p st i e the eve ing

f a was to a n be ore the st rt be m de , the Gover or

a ain and ﬁna i changed his plans g , lly dec ded

n t . a of a na a o to go Inste d perso l visit, letter

na n was written to the tives by the Gover or, telling them that if they wished to kn ow the course that would be pursued towards them for the fu a was a ture in c se they submitted , he prep red to receive at Aucklan d any deputation of chiefs

i a n they m ght ple se to se d . No reply was ever

n b n n give y them to this letter, which is k ow to

ha a h . a h n ve re ched t em Willi m T ompso , some 90 THE WA R IN NE W Z EA LA ND .

n aft a A 9th t n to mo ths erw rds ( ugust , wri i g ’ the a a h a s Rom n C t olic bishop , positively ssert

ha if n had n N aruawahia t t the Gover or go e to g ,

a a n a and ha he was pe ce would h ve bee m de , t t

n n at not n n exceedi gly disappoi ted its bei g do e .

’ if a the a was n But th t is c se , why the Gover or s letter not even replied to It is most unfortun ate

’ “ for Thompson s reputation as the Peacemaker

a on an a n n a f an th t m y occ sio s, whe r k word

S n him u a t m n poke by wo ld , ccording to the tes i o y of his own a all ff n s people , h ve settled our di ere ce ,

ha n t S n r for t t word was o poke . It is ve y well

in 1 864 a a him to tell us August , th t pe ce could

a n in h ve bee made December 1 863. Why did he n ot tell us so at the time I am sorry to say that there is distinct eviden ce that durin g the period when Thompson declares that he had

i f war an d was a n n ui in ret red rom the , rem i i g q et

a he was the hope that peace would be m de , stimulating the east coast tribes by fabulous re

of a at f ports M ori victories, which he pro essed to

a n n an d the war in h ve bee prese t, to come join

r 4 E N . 2 . as . C. P. P. 1 86 . o , , p

92 THE WA R IN N E W ZEA L AND .

as of a im or ripenin g in the groun d . It w vit l portance to them to prevent these places falli n g h i h into our ands . There were two routes by wh c

ne a for they could be got at. O by w ter about forty miles up the larger and deeper branch of

the Horutiu to Pukurimu and n river, the , , the ce

ac a n a e an n n a ross e rly lev l d ope cou try, by good

a a of a n m f n n M ori tr ck doze iles, de e ded by o ly

on f h Th h e eeble pa (Ohupu) . e ot er route was

the a a as far as Pateran i a. n a an d up W ip ( g ) , rrow

a a all a f of na an d comp r tively sh ow stre m , ull s gs

an an - an hi the n a d gerous s d b ks, up w ch pri cip l

a of n o ste mer the river ﬂotilla could t go . The

a n an f Pateran i a ro d i l d rom g , bout twelve miles, was defended by four or ﬁve pahs of great

n th n a had h stre g . The tives , wit much acute n al a n f w n in ess , c cul ted upo our ollo i g them up f n n a of n a no h ul ro t, i ste d doi g wh t doubt t ey wo d ha n v i u the Horutiu ve do e themsel es , sl p q uickly p ,

an d a un eh n n cross the level co try b i d, reachi g Rangioawhia in a few hours after the capture of

N aruawahia. ha g Such promptitude would , per ps ,

a n n a the a u of war h ve bee co tr ry to regul r r les , and General Cameron preferred to follow the REBEL P OSITION TURNED . 93 r ls at r and d fﬁ ebe his leisu e , by the more i cult lin e of advan ce to which they so cunningly invited

him. A f iko iko and Pateran i rrived be ore P p g ,

f n a n f ﬁ ha he ou d these pl ces so stro gly orti ed , t t

arr a a to c y them by ss ult would , he conceived ,

a n a h ve e t iled terrible loss on our side . An a n al r at Waiarei in the ccide t ski mish , , which

' suﬂered n a n in an rebels very severely, origi ti g attack upon a party of soldiers bathing in the

Man o iko n a l him f a g p creek, e b ed to throw orw rd a force to an advanced point on one ﬂank of the

f n of Pateran i and on an de e ces g , directly old

n a h a n n the i l nd road towards Rangwa i a. Obt i i g services of a former Waikato settler (Edwards)

the n a h who knew every inch of grou d, he m rc ed

of n h the 2oth of a out camp on a dark ig t ( Febru ry),

a f men and h l aft da with orce of , s ort y er y li h h th a at Awamutu g t e astonished e M ories , by

n rousin g them out of their beds . The moveme t

' was skilfully and adroitly eﬂected ; and though there is little doubt that it might have been

and n ﬁn a done weeks before , with i itely gre ter

if Horutiu an of had ease , the br ch the river

been made the base of operation s instead of the 94 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

n n was a . Waipa, yet whe do e it complete success From Awamutu Gen eral Cameron pushed on to

Ran ioawhi a h r a n a g , w ere he su prised co sider ble

of r s an d a nnin ﬁ a on body ebel , ru g ght , c rried

n of a n ndin in amo g the huts the vill ge , e sued, e g

f a of the n a h n a . the de e t tives, wit co sider ble loss

n h r n n of the O our side , oweve , Colo el Nixo ,

n a f n an d one or h Colo i l De e ce Corps , two ot er

a a oﬁi cers of the a rv all v lu ble s me se ice , were mort y

n The n a h n his f e wou ded . Ge er l t e withdrew orc for the night to the more comfortable quarters at the mission station (Awamutu) but early n ext

n n a f of at 400 mor i g orce rebels, estimated , who

had ac a Pateran i r f n en ev u ted g , we e ou d to be

n h n h n R n i h tre c i g t emselves ear a g oaw ia. They were immediately attacked by a detachment of

50th n a n h the Regime t , who g lla tly char ged t em with the bayon et as they lay under the cover of

an an f n h old b k e ce . T ey delivered on e volley

as a on and h n the soldiers c me , t e bolted , with so much precipitation that many of them left

h ar - an d a n n t eir c touche boxes mmu itio behin d .

They were followed by the mounted defen ce

f and a - orce , sc ttered pell mell into the swamp

96 THE WA R IN NE W E Z ALAND .

n ac if n an s to e sure quicker cess , ecessary, civili cannot help thinking that the result would have

e a fa . n a art a r b en more s tis ctory I deed , p i l esort to those tactics on the next occasion on which

our a n a to on e of th troops bec me e g ged , led e most complete successes which we achieved

n the w r a duri g a . I sh ll proceed to give an

a n of ccou t it . Immediately after the events at Rangi oawhia

and n h a a ar of the the eig bourhood , l rge p ty scattered rebels collected together at Maungatau

ari a n h on the Horutiu a ﬁft n t , stro g old , bout ee

- a ofAwamutu as ac miles to the north e st . It w a pl e

h a a n of a a s a ac to whic gre t tr ditio s M ori w r tt hed , m and was supposed to be al ost impregn able .

was n ow a ha a n and all It s id t t Willi m Thompso ,

n and h n of and a ar the wome c ildre his tribe , l ge

l an f of e misce l eous orce rebels , wer there collected ,

a a a ﬁnal an at h prep red to m ke st d t is , the only remaining place of stren gth in the di strict of

n a Waikato Proper . The Ge er l made up his min d

an d ri a an a f to reduce it , the supe or dv t ges o the Horutiu having by this been made apparent to

l a and na a a en the mi it ry v l uthorities, imm se sup ORAKA U.

r n a ri Pukerimu h plies we e se t up th t ver to , w ere

- th h a s a was f . f e ead qu rter c mp ormed Be ore , h a i a n ul a n a a n owever, ct ve oper tio s co d be t ke g i st

ah an n n r in an h the p , u expected eve t occu red ot er

n directio . Brigadi er General Carey (late 1 8thRoyal Irish) had been left with a con siderable force in charge

of Awamutu Ran ioawhia and the n n , g , surrou di g

On the 30th a h he was nf r distri ct . M rc i o med that the n atives were entrenching themselves at

rakau a h f his a . O , bout t ree miles rom qu rters

Af nn n h n r n ter reco oitri g t eir positio he etur ed ,

an d l n a f of a men h co lecti g orce bout , wit

th n he a a n h a h a a in ree gu s , m de ig t m rc , ppe r g

f ah at a a l h and ha n so be ore the p e rly d y ig t , vi g arranged the arrival of his detachments from

n ha f ﬁ h n differe t posts , t t rom the rst t ey surrou ded

’ the en emy s position an d ren dered escape im

h a possible . The pa proved to be place of great

n t h al h and a stre g h , wit the usu ditc es p rapets of

han a and h more t usu l depth heig t , surrounded

on a n and a f n the outside by stro g post r il e ce ,

- an d n nn riﬂe . ﬁ n outlyi g co ected pits At rst, Ge e ral Carey fell into the same mistake as cost so 7 W NEW 98 THE A R IN ZEA L AND . man at an ri a in to y lives R giri , in ttempt g storm

and a h a u ft the works t ke t em by r sh . But a er two assaults by the Royal Irish and Forest

an n a a . of the 1 8th R gers (Colo i l) , led by C pt Ring

and a . h of the 40th the f of h m C pt Fis er , ormer w o

ta and the a un an d fell mor lly l tter severely wo ded ,

a hi a . a of the 1 8th he t rd led by C pt B ker , wisely

e and r n ad the desist d , dete mi ed to opt slower but more certain method of approachin g the defences

sa ma h h ha by p ; which , it y be t oug t , it would ve been quite as pruden t to have don e at the com

h n mencement . T e umber of natives inside is supposed to have been about 300 ; most of them desperadoes from the wild tribes of the Urewera

n the a a an d the n a n di o e st co st , ce tr l i terior strict

of a . an Re i T upo They were comm ded by w , the great ﬁghting general of the King party ; though that was not kn own till after the engage

n the aft n n a nf ment . Duri g er oo rei orcement of

5 to 200 a a in h v 1 0 rebels ppe red sig t , e idently

l the h inten ding to re ieve place . T ey advan ced to the edge of a bush about 900 yards in the rear h of our outposts, but there t ey stopped and com

n a m at the am menced ﬁri g h r less vollies, s e time

THE WAR IN NE W EA L N Z A D.

an d an d . Ka whawhai t n Ake ever, ever ( o u ; ,

Ake Aké . n to n out , ) They were the urged se d

the n and il n . an The wome ch dre They swered , women will ﬁght as well as we ; and then the

ﬁr ing recommenced . Does ancient or modern ” our own a history , or rough isl nd story, record anything more heroic

n ow n a e so Our troops were getti g desper t , n a a a - - han n and n e r to h nd to d e counter, o ly a

a a n . r a n a p r pet betwee A p iv te , whose me I nu fo n a a not c rtu tely h ve discovered , threw his ap

a a all a h a and over p rti y bre c ed pl ce , rushed after

. n n al it About twe ty others , chieﬂy colo i troops ,

ed a a f r of th n l by C pt in Hert o d, e Colo ial Defen ce

f f n an d n Force , ollowed , got over the e ce i to the

n n . The a a tre ch beyo d M ories, p cked into a

n a h n and r cor er, delivered wit eri g volley an for

the nn . a ain f f l i er works C pt Hert ord e l , shot

a and of the through the he d , whole party of

n wn . aft w r twe ty, ten were do Shortly er a ds some men of the 65th and militia made a similar

n attempt o the opposite side , but with n o better ’ was now f r l f success . It ou o c ock o the third

a hi h the a had had n o f d d y, during w c M ories oo ORA EA U. 1 01

a few raw a an d n ot a of a but pot toes, drop w ter ;

h the of ra han - na and w ile shower g pe , d gre des, riﬂe - balls poured with more and more effect i nto

h n n n . n on ha of t eir e tre chme ts Sudde ly, t t side the works which was supposed to be closely in ve sted by a double lin e of the 4oth Regiment

n n the h a f u der Colo el Leslie , w ole M ori orce was

n a . A f n of n see to be esc ping rie d mi e, who was ” n . T a prese t , described it to me hey were , s id he in a n the n the n , solid colum , wome , childre , and the great chiefs in the centre ; and they marched out as cool an d as steady as if they had

n n The ﬁ l n of th bee goi g to church. rst i e e

40th as n a h an had w disposed u der slig t b k, which

ﬁr f the h f sheltered it from the e o pa . Be ore they kn ha a a ew t t the M ories were out, the l tter, it is

a had a all a and s id, ctu y jumped over their he ds ,

h n a n on a h n n t e p ssi g , w lked t rough the seco d li e . By this time the General an d his staff had dis covered what was goin g on ; the troops in the

a an d in n h h r and re r the tre c es were got toget e ,

a t in ﬁ n at with tremendous yells st r ed pursuit , ri g the retreating Maories as they now quicken ed

h a and awa for a n h n t eir p ce , broke y eig bouri g 1 02 THE WAR IN NE W ZEALAND .

h all a e swamp and scrub . Here they mig t h v

a a for a a of esc ped in body, but sm ll corps colo nial cavalry and an other of moun ted artillery

a s an d the a o t Ran r (regul r ) Coloni l F res gers, unde

Captains Jackson and V on Tempsky. These f ot ah a and h a ai n as e orces g e d, met t em g just th y

m fr the a and u and a e erged om sw mp scr b , did gre t

of 1 0 execution . Upwards 0 bodies were picked

on the ﬁ 1 8 20 a up eld , or were st ted by the survivors to have been buried in the entren ch

n 26 n r n r and n un me ts , wou ded p iso e s , 7 u wo ded ,

a n and a f n n da of a were t ke , tr ces were ou d ext y n umber of more dead having been dragged away

n th n h na duri g e ig t . The tives themselves after

a n a of 2 w rds ack owledged to loss 00. Our casual

a n to 1 6 il and 52 n ties mou ted k led wou ded .

n ot Eewi escaped u scathed . He g away with

f n f a small party o seve or eight . A ter run nin g

di an a a his un n some st ce , it is s id he lo ded g a d sat n a n “ was dow , s yi g, it no use let them take

fri n v ua His e ds , howe er, pers ded him to

o on an d a ach g he got up , ultim tely re ed Han

1 4 E. . . Des atc es C. P. P. 86 No 3 52 &c . p h , , , p ,

WA IN W 1 04 THE R N E EA LA ND . Z . jumped over the heads of the soldiers linin g the r a of the a n and o d, cut out steep emb nkme t , so

a the a an d - ﬁ p ssed into sw mp the Ti tree , rst

n n is a of 40th as wou di g, it s id , two or three the ,

an e of n a remembr c their passi g . No attempt was

n an made to pursue them , u til the Forest R gers ,

n h ha was &c . This exactly correspo ds wit w t

the fri n f f r who was told me by e d be ore re e red to ,

n e h n a n a on the ﬁeld . O t i g is cert i , th t , whoever

n a was throu h may have bee to bl me , it g the

of 40th or a or double line the , over their he ds ,

a ha the a ri a behin d their b cks, t t M o es esc ped ; and ha had h n ot nf na ha n t t, t is u ortu tely ppe ed ,

Rewi the n n a h f in the war a , most i ﬂue ti l c ie p rty ,

fa n in our han or ali . must have lle to ds, dead ve General Cameron n ow returned to Pukurimu to prepare for his intended attack on Maun ga

On the n in of 5th of l he tantari . mor g the Apri

a f of 300 men nn r proceeded with orce , to reco oit e

f the n f the position rom opposite ba k o the river .

he f n a f To his surprise ou d it ev cuated . A ew

an of hin a kit of n remn ts old clot g , mouldy cor ,

and an was all old musket, that remained to reward the party of six men who crossed the A TA MA UN G UTA RI. 1 05

r and n the . was iver , clambered up i to works It , h a a of a n f owever , pl ce gre t stre gth , both rom

n and artiﬁ al . a positio by ci works Wh t, however, was n ot at all un a in a ri a an d was usu l old M o w rs , the a rakau not a r of a d c se at O , d op w ter existe

i h n r . In old a w t i the wo ks the times the M ories , w n a n he besieged , trusted to their br ves getti g out at nights and bringing water through the

in of the n . n l es e emy But closely i vested, these waterless entrenchments were mere traps ; and had we contented ourselves with surroundin g

h and a a n f h a a a m t em , bst i ed rom t rowing w y m u nition and in a n a h lives v i ttempts to storm t em ,

a ri in h a ha a the M o es must , every suc c se , ve w lked out into our lin es at the end of forty or ﬁfty

n if at the end of ha hours . Eve , t t time , the n atives had succeeded in breaking through our li n as at Orakau a a a al r f in es, , sm ll c v y orce

r a ha n a as rese ve would alw ys ve e bled us , it did on a a n off h a and th t occ sio , to cut t eir retre t h inﬂict crushing loss upon t em . 1 06

A I CH PTER V II .

—Campaign —un der taken at request of —General Cameron Reasons for Conditi on of Nati ves th—ere Unfar tun ate Repul se of our Troops at the Gate Pah Successful ' — aﬂair at Te Range Submis sion of Tauran ga Nati ves .

WITH the evacuation of Maungatautari may be sai d to have ended the campaign in Waikato

a had Proper . As the Gen eral had adv nced he

f a e n him at n al so le t milit ry posts b hi d i terv s, that the whole district from Aucklan d was now

a of h e effectually held by our forces . Sever l t es

s V n post were occupied by the olu teer Settlers, who had been enlisted on terms which entitled

h an of a and who now a t em to gr ts l nd , were pl ced

n of h a n in partial possessio t ese llotme ts . In recording the events of the Waikato cam

ai n a so far nﬁn f n a p g , I h ve co ed mysel e tirely to relation of the principal sieges (if they may be so

W 1 08 THE WA R IN NE ERA LAND .

. h in Lower Waikato were with t ose the Upper . The actual distan ce of Tauranga harbour from

Pukurimu in a a here ft n ra W ik to , w we le Ge e l

a r n n a n ot e 40 es C me o e c mped , does exc ed mil as he n e ni n un is the crow ﬂies . T i t rve g co try

ha n n ot n a n an d somew t broke , but mou t i ous , but for a con siderable forest on the crest of the

n r e e a h n h a ha n dividi g idg , d t c me ts mig t e sily ve bee

n l a h n se t across from Waikato . Wi li m T ompso

n i s n at a an a a d h people had large possessio s T ur g .

nd ft n n n u h an of a o e lived o a d c ltivated t em . M y the Tauranga people were similarly interested in

a a and n ac wa an d f rwa s W ik to , we t b k rds o rd

e e n the . uri n the ﬁ h n in a a b tw e two D g g ti g W ik to , it appears from the statistical return of the local ’ n ha han - h r of th commissio er, t t more t two t i ds e adult males on the west shore of the Tauran ga harbour had been engaged in active hostili ties

’ w h the e n in the f di r it Qu e s troops ormer st ict . They were also kn own to be growin g large crops wh n f a an d ich were desti ed to eed the rebel rmy, which were the only con siderable supply whi ch

P P. 1 4 C. . 8 E. 6 No . 2 . 1 3 1 4 . , , pp , 09 TA URANGA . 1

h d t it a o look to after the capture of Rangioawhia. Gen eral Cameron was aware that the rebel force was a n a a an a n a gre tly i cre sed by these T ur g tives , an d by contin gents from other tribes lower down the a a h as the a a Uriwera e st co st , suc s v ge , the

N ati oro and h . On the 1 3th of an a g p , ot ers J u ry ,

b f n to n Pateran i he just e ore proceedi g i vest g ,

to the rn n r n wrote Gove or, urge tly p essi g the

a h of an n a ran a and a n desp tc expeditio to T u g , lo g

a a in r a a n and the e st co st, o der to cre te diversio ,

off a a a of f e draw l rge p rt the orc opposed to him .

n n l e n h The Gover or co su t d his mi isters . T ey

ha for a a a advised t t , the str tegic l re sons urged

n a a n and in f n by Ge er l C mero , de ere ce to his

n di n to a an a h opinio , the expe tio T ur g s ould be

n ha n o a n h a se t , but t t oper tio s s ould be ttempted

a as n n further down the co st , bei g likely to i volve

h e f n us with tribes whic were beli ved to be rie dly .

n i the a h n The Gover or , who (l ke M ories w e they

ah a a n n i build a p ) lw ys likes , whe respo sibil ty is

a a a - for a to be incurred , to le ve b ck door esc pe ,

ai he el an . assented , but s d did it r uct tly How

E No . 2 . 7 . P. 1 864 . C. P. , , p W 1 1 0 THE A R IN NE W ZEA LA ND .

re n l or not he u ever lucta t y , iss ed his orders

it h of ur not a o ul (w hout whic , co se , s ldier co d ha n and a f of 500 men n ve bee moved) , orce , u der

- n a of the 1 8th a r h Lieut . Colo el C rey Roy l I is ,

’ n a wen t from Auckland by sea. On Colo el C rey s

- n a an of promotion as Brigadier Ge er l , the comm d

- th n . n of the e post devolved o Lieut Colo el Greer,

68th Regiment .

For some weeks n othin g material occurred . The troops were stationed on a block of lan d at

a a n in to the h r h na Te P p , belo g g C u c Missio ry

and few a who had not n Society , the n tives go e to

a f a of ha aff t Waik to , rom th t side the rbour, ec ed

The of of the r to be fri en dly . temper some t ibes

a was h ai to down the east co st , owever, s d be

and the N ati oro and N atiawa unfavourable , g p g were sai d to be preparing a force of men

in an a i h to assist y hostilities th t m g t occur .

h in h fri Ar a a T ey were kept c eck by the endly w , at a a 1 6 f a an M ketu , bout miles rom T ur ga, and at Matata about the same distance further south ; strengthen ed at both places by small

f our detachments o troops . After the fall of

Orakau and a a i n of Maun atautari , ev cu t o g , at the

1 1 2 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

h h o n t f e roofs were covered wit eart . S lo g here or as the assailants were before the works the defeu ders had everythin g in their favour ; but when

n a ai a ul ins the had the o ce the ss l nts sho d get ide , y a an a e a andin on the a a s an d dv t g , bec use st g p r pet

f of th nn n f n s l roo s e i er tre ches, the de e der cou d not show themselves without bein g exposed to the

f a o h In f ﬁre an d bayon ets o those b ve t em . ac t the ah was a tra in hi h i h d n ar p p , w c , w t or i y

n an d a the s m precautio cour ge , rebel ight have been taken to a man . The n umber of natives in the works is believed n ha ee e ot to ve exc d d 300. The survivors assert d ha hei forc was not o e t t t r e m re than 1 50.

h re e t h ar ller n T ey we n irely wit out ti y, a d there h was no water in the pa . Our force con sisted of

1 6 ﬁ oﬂicers 20 ca tain 35 subaltem eld , p s, s ,

' 8 stafl 94 ser ean s 42 rumm , g t , d ers , and rank d file In fact th an . e ofi cers alone of our force amounted to nearly four -fifths of the entire stren t of the enem wh g h y , ile our total force was at least five times as large es th as theirs . B ides ese we had a battery of THE GA TE PAH. 1 1 3

- - un two 40 r. Ar n two 6 r Arm g , p mstro gs , p .

- - ro two 24 r. r two 8 c o st ngs , p howitze s, in h m rtars

6 h to and cohorn mortars . Per aps this embarras dc richesses may be attributed the disastrous

ul h res t wich followed . By able dispositions the pah was completely

s un aft a on the n n of 2 th urro ded er d rk eve i g the 7 , the Gen eral remaining with his tr00ps on the ll Th 68 ground a night . e th Regiment had been

anoe vr a t the ah and n cleverly m u ed p s p , preve ted

f ar escape rom the re . D etachments of the 43rd an d 7oth and 371 men of the na a a , v l brig de ,

The A a were placed in front . rtillery w s planted in four batteries at distances varying from 800 to

0 . At A M 1 0 yards from the works . . on the morning of the 28th February the natives ﬁred a

at our sh rs and fire n volley skirmi e , ope ed simul tan eously from our four batteries . For the first two hours our fire was directed mainly at a flag

wa staff which s supposed to be in the redoubt, but

hi h h al an w c t e natives, with their usu cunning, d trustin g n o doubt to our usual deﬁciency of that

had a s ah 1 00 a quality, pl ced out ide the p y rds in

h to a t e rear. This ruse , however, seems h ve been 8 THE WA R IN NE W Z E L ND 1 1 4 A A . at a and a ﬁre of and l was l st discovered , shot shel

n h as a a poured i to the redoubt , w ich , I he rd it s id b one who was n ha h y prese t , would ve smot ered

a . h of the ﬁre h f the Seb stopol Muc , owever, rom

A m n was e and r stro gs extr mely wild , the huge

- - 1 1 0 r n 4 r . h n n and p . a d 0 p s ells we t boomi g whizzin g over the works for a distan ce of from

r h n n n h to ya ds . W e ridi g some mo t s afterwards I saw many of them lying about un ex

loded p .

all i t n During this time , except tw ce a lo g

n va n a n e ﬁ a h Now i ter ls , the tives ver red s ot . and again a man would be seen shovelli ng up

a a a ach and n a man e rth to rep ir bre , o ce hun g up a blanket across the inn er palisadi ng where

n damaged by our ﬁre. Imagi e the position of the Maories lying still in their grass - roofed and wattled burrows excavated in the banks of their riﬂe- l n n af th pits, iste i g hour ter hour to e roar of the big guns and the hurtling sound of the

l f in n n projecti es , eel g the terrible co cussio s of the s as or hells they struck close by just over them , or scattered in fragments and carrying death

w h e a among them , it the c rt in conviction that

1 1 6 THE WAR IN NEW ZEA L AND .

n The a s those outside that the pah was take . n tive actually attempted to escape from the rear but

n 68 h a and seei g the t pressing on , turned b ck, suddenly reappeared in fron t of the assaulting

c . At f a s olumn this moment , rom some c u e which General Cameron says he is at a loss to a n a n an our men and expl i , sudde p ic seized , ,

r n h r h - of the tu ni g round , t ey us ed pell mell out

a i n h a n and ri ﬁ h n bre ch , e dlo g ter ed ﬂig t, cryi g out ,

’ ’ h of h h san of There s t ousands them , t ere s t ou ds

1 At n a a n a of them this mome t , C pt i H milton ,

. . Esk he the of the H M S . , rus d up with reserve

a al a was too a and f ll n v brig de ; but it l te , he e with a bullet through his brain as be moun ted

’ a f the breach . Wh t came o Major Ryan s seventy ﬁve an d the rest of the reserve of the naval

a an d 43rd not a in an of th brig de , , is st ted y e

of affa m at all reports the ir ; but they see , events, to have been unable to check the ﬂight of the

a n n if a and n t retre ti g colum , they ttempted it, o to

a n a in h ve take their pl ce the breach. The rebels

n a h ﬁre n and conce tr ted t eir on the ﬂying colum ,

m f arfu n Aft a co mitted e l executio . er time , our f w s a a am n orce a r llied , but Gener l C ero thought THE GA TE PA H. 1 1 7

una sab n the assau and d r e it dvi le to re ew lt, i ect d a line of entrenchment to be thrown up within

00 a of the so as be a l a n 1 y rds work , to b e to m i

ai n an a a n endi e t dv nced position , i t ng to resum o a n n ni per tio s on the followi g mor ng . The night proved pitchy dark ; and for a time the rebels

and fea f as a d howled shouted r ully, they usu lly o

h a i on suc occ s ons . Suddenly this demonstration c as and b - and- ﬁ n was a fr e ed, y by ri g he rd om the r a i di a in an a e r, n c t g esc pe through the lines of

he 68th. oﬁcer a n t An crept up bout mid ight ,

nd f a ound the pah evacuated . It was not taken

of l a li n se e a of o possession ti l d y ght , whe v r l ur

f ll a h wounded were ound sti live . They ad not been stripped nor plundered (with the exception

f a a and one t o t n on o w tch or w ri kets) . Our loss this lamentable occasion amoun ted to 27 killed

66 n a of aft a an d wou ded, sever l whom erw rds died

n n 1 r f of their wou ds . O ly 0 Mao ies were ound

ah was sai a had dead in the p , but it d th t they

a of h a a a and a a carri ed sever l t eir de d w y, th t

! of h n al great part t eir wou ded escaped . Their tot

E. 3 0 r Des atc es C. P. P. 1 864 . 6 . Southern C oss p h , , , p

men t for Ma an d rivate informati on of s ectators . Supple y, p p THE WA R IN NEW E L A ND 1 1 8 Z A . loss was afterwards estimated at between 30 an d

40 a n m hi f f n , mo g who were some c e s o importa ce . The criticism of the colonists on this affair was

a fr the of ah fa li an d th t om position the p , the ci ty completen ess with which it was surrounded by an

n f and all - an fa overwhelmi g orce , the import t ct

a n a n n o a the t th t it co t i ed w ter, rebels migh

il a f n n or com eas y h ve been orced i to surre der,

n a pelled to ﬁght outside . We ve tured to im gin e also that it could scarcely be consistent with the rules of military science to compose the assaulting column of two such discrepant branches of the service as an infantry regiment and a naval

a h n had an a f e brig de , particularly w e we mple orc of one branch in the ﬁeld . Rumour does allege that the ﬁnal disaster was owing to a want of

‘ discipline on the part of one of the forces em

' l and stiﬂ n n a to p oyed , some correspo de ce is s id have passed between ofﬁcers of the two services

h of h has on the subject, whic , course , owever,

n ot n an fﬁ a bee allowed to become o ci l record . This criticism received support by an event whi ch happened shortly afterwards when the 43rd Regi ment retrieved its character in the attack on Te

L 1 20 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA AND .

r o O as nl 8 ll and 39 p is ners . ur loss w o y ki ed ‘ un wo ded . Durin g the period the events of which I have

n a n na a i the a as at bee rel ti g, our tive ll es Ar w

a h ot n i l had as M ketu ad n bee d e . They early as March and April en gaged in a series of hard f m in n or a a ought skir ishes the i teri tow rds T upo , in the attempt to stop the Ngatiporo and

Uriwera f n hr h h n to rom goi g t oug t eir cou try,

n the ai a f joi W k to rebels . Towards the end o the latter month a large forc e of rebels of the east coast came up to attack them in their position s at ak and a a a n a and M etu M t t , but were drive b ck

f a on al a n our na a de e ted sever occ sio s by tive llies , sometimes with the aid of detachments of regular

n al or a h the or colo i troops , ste mers whic shelled

he a at m i en emy from t co st , other ti es s ngle

n a a n h av on th ha ded . The Ar w s i ﬂicted e y loss e

n and uff h m the e emy, s ered very little t e selves ; heaviest casualty which occurred being the death

f h a allan and a f who o To i , very g t loy l old chie , was killed while leading his party in one of the

o n h r e m st successful actio s whic occu r d . It is

4 E. 3 . 7 . C. P. P. 1 86 6 Despatches , , , p N TA URA GA A SUCCESS. 1 21 i to f ll a al mpossible , however, o ow these coll ter

n in a in n o eve ts det il . The lead g eve ts f the Taur anga campaign were the affairs at the Gate pah and Te Range . The losses of the n atives in t e e r so a ha as e h s we e he vy t t , th y expressed it

h h s nn h a d t emselves , t eir whole tribe wa a i il te . Nearly all their braves an d leading men were

and h n af r a rv u killed , w e te w rds the su ivors s rren

d and a mi a ered m de sub ssion, they were truly miserable remn ant on whom it was impossible to look without feelings of the deepest commisera

n nd tio a pity .

av as our the a a He y losses were , T ur nga

a a n was a in a a a c mp ig complete success, str tegic l

in f the har point of view . Tauranga was act bour

f a a and n ha b had. was o W ik to , the o ly r our it It through it that the rebels in the latter district

s and was the a t received supplie , it e sies route by which east coast contingents could reach Upper

a a n was l a a of and W ik to . Thompso we l w re this , used every exertion he could to keep this impor

m a tant post open for hi self. He is said to h ve ackn owledged that its occupation by us was the

greatest disaster which had befallen the rebels . 1 22 THE WA I R N NE W ZEA LA ND .

But for the complete defeat of the rebel tribes

n on n ot ha our reside t the spot , we could ve held

s n h n f far po itio there , wit out our occupyi g orce larger than could have been spared ; an d con

I cann ot refrain from n oti ng the account of the Tauranga campaign given in a recent n umber of the Church Missionary Record D ecem r 1 6 vin x au ste e 8 5 . 3 The ar a e 89 . w , b , , p h g h d itself i n Wai a n T lan of to ow reac e the e rn i stricts . he k , h d aste d d the n ati es ms v was confiscate at Tauran a. T e flew to ar d g h y , an d san uinar Th ex as eration of the natives g y collisions en su ed . e p ein e treme ver man of them c ast off t eir C ristianit an d b g x , y y h h y, em race the Han fanati cism w i c romi se s ee victor and b d , h h p d p dy y ven ean ce on the Euro n The firs isastrous result was the g pea s . t d ” mur er M of r . V olkner at O oti i T i s ara ra contain s d p k . h p g ph v ment 1 fi e state s ever one of w ic is un true . . The war e an , y h h b g

on the east coast w ile t at in Wai a its ei t . 2 . No , h h k to was at h gh conﬁsc ation whatever had either been made or talked of at Tauran a an d n on e was ever effecte t re till the cam ai n was g , d he p g ”

ir l o 3. Th M ri in conse ent e y ver . e ao es who rushed to ar ms uen ce of thi s ima inar conﬁscation had een alrea in arms q g y , b dy , ’ and ﬁ tin wit the u een s troo s in Wai ato for man mont s gh g h Q p k , y h Hau r ostili 4 . The Hau befo e h ti es commen ced at Tauranga. fan ati cism did n ot commence its career at Taranaki ti ll the war at Tauran ga was n early over ; an d when the survivors at the latter

Mr . V olkn er lace su mitte it had not even reac e t em. 6 . p b d, h d h was n uran a natives bu t entirel istin ct ot murdered by Ta g , by y d tri es who had n othi n to do wit the Tauran a cam ai n an d b , g h g p g , il s Th e en a ne ne rl who lived sixty or seventy m e off. e v t h ppe d a y

' aﬂair a year after the Tauran ga . ' The en eral effect I fear the intent of the ara ra is to g , , p g ph create sympathy for the natives as a people forced in to rebellion e onﬁsc ation of t eir lan s and to e cite a re udi ce a ain st by th c h d , x p j g It is not cre ita le to a res ecta le the Colonial Government. d b p b

1 24

CHAPTER I! . — Events at Tarana i uri n P ri f Wai ato Cam ai n Ori in k d g e od o k— p g g of Pai Marire or Hau Hau Fanatici sm First Appearance at — Hill Sentry Hill Re doubt Attac—k of Rebels on Sentry Hepani ah the Prophet killed They attempt to attack Wan gan ni Gallan t Conduct of Wanganui Fri en dly Natives Battle of Montua between Haus Hans and Wanganui Frien d

lies .

THE war in Waikato substantially terminated with the evacuation of Maungatautari and the

at a a w events T ur nga. The rebels, however, ith the exception of the remnant of the Ngaiterangi at a lac a an the l tter p e , m de no submission , nor y

overtures for peace . They simply retreated to the

on of a a h was hills the borders W ik to , w ere it not

n n to f h our co sidered prude t ollow them wit troops , while our military posts before referred to held all the open country from Aucklan d to nearly the

f a l e southern extremity o the gre tWaikato p ain s . W

r l a e and will fo the present e v them there, resume E VEN TS A T TA RANAKI. 1 25 the narrative of events at Taranaki and the ad ac a t - the j ent co st to the sou h west, including

a a W ng nui River . Duri ng the continuance of the Waikato cam

ai n n o a had e a ar p g , ttempt be n m de to c ry on ac at on an scal at ara a tive oper ions extended e T n ki ,

n n of a a a a a or to retai poss essio the T t r im k block, the occupation of which had been the signal for the commencement of hostilities in May 1 863. Little more had been don e than to maintain our own position within the entrenchmen ts of New

l and in a few n P ymouth neighbouri g redoubts, and from time to time to scour the open country an d drive the rebels into the hill s or down the coast to the south, an oflice which was very efficiently performed chiefly by militia and volun

- r of r . ea n f e teer co ps . bush angers For r so s be or

n a all r a assig ed , I c nnot record the ski mishes th t

the n of our occurred , though co duct troops ,

h l r l n al was li - in whet er regu ar o co o i , I be eve every

a all a inst nce meritorious . But I sh t ke up the narrative at the poin t where it will enable me to describe the growth and progress of the horrible

P i ar e fa if ma al hi a M ir ith , such it y be c led, w ch 1 26 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LA ND . h in s a n l r as s ce super eded the Christi nity, nomi a o

a of a t of a ace and re l , a large p r the M ori r , developed itself into one of the most disgustin g and terrible superstition s that ever foun d lodg

n ar me t in diseased brain or perverted he t . There is little doubt that this superstition was

ni n a who the work of some desig g M ori, perceived that the events rn Waikato were fast weakeni n g the attachment of the southern natives to the

n n and ha Ki g moveme t, t t some more potent bond of combination was required than a political organization the fortun es of whi ch were not then

n a n of in the asce dant . The ccounts give its origin by the n atives themselves are various and

uﬂi cientl a . n s y bsurd The most connected versio , and probably that which accompanied its ﬁrst

l a n . . promu g tion , is give by Mr J White , resident

n magistrate at Wanga ui . It is to the following

' eﬂect

Kaitaki a pah, very strong position held by

a 1 0 of h the rebels bout miles south New Plymout , was taken by Colonel Warre and a combined force of regulars and local forces on the 24th of March

1 864 na w ta s on of . The tive works ere ken pos essi ,

W L N 1 28 THE AR IN NEW ZEA A D .

’ be the medium of man s communication with

ah. s n n t arefull d Jehov The e i ju c ions were c y obeye , and immediately the head was taken up it ap

Ua r and He aniah pointed Te to be high p iest , p and Ran itauira to be a s s a ts and mun g s i t n , com i os ted to them in the most solemn mann er the

n of new li ame - The f ll te ets this re gion , n ly o ow ers shall be called Pai Marire The an gel

h n wil ec he f Gabriel , wit his legio s , l prot t t m rom

The r r n tl their en emies . Vi gin Ma y will co stan y

e n h t . n of n a b prese t wit hem The religio E gl nd ,

s a tu fal . a t ught by the Scrip res, is se The Scrip

n All tures must all be bur t . days are alike

and n i e ta of the sacred, no ot c must be ken

h n u Christian Sabbat . Men and wome m st live

so a h l n together promiscuously, th t t eir chi dre may be as the sand of the sea-shore for multi

The ha an n tude . priests ve superhum power, a d can obtain for their followers complete victories by utterin g vigorously the word Hau The people who adopt thi s religion will shortly drive the whole European population out of New Zealand ; this is only prevented now by the head not havin g completed its circuit . of the whole A E' S P I MARIR UPERSTITION . 1 29 lan n of an a a the in of the d . Legio s gels w it bidd g priests to aid the Maories in exterminating the t European s . Immediately he Europeans are de

an d r n a a men w s n f stroyed d ive w y, ill be e t rom heaven to teach the Maories all the arts an d

n no n u an The r scie ces w k own by E rope s . p iests have the power to teach the Maories the Engli sh

an a in one e n a n l gu ge l sso , provided cert i stipula

n are a fu l n a the tio s c re l y observed , mely , people

a at a a n in a a n i to ssemble cert i time , cert i pos

n n a a a aff of a rta n h ari n tio , e r ﬂ gst ce i eight , be g

of a a n a ﬂag cert i colour . Very few natives understan ding three words of n h was n ot diﬂi cult for the h E glis , it prop ets to persuade them that the angel Gabriel had conferred that gift on themselves . A striking in stance of impudent imposition in this particular

hi . An old a is given by Mr . W te M ori woman had purchased some articles of clothing in the

n an h h had n a town of Wa g ui , w ic bee wr pped up

n a n a Ran itauira a n h a i ewsp per ; g obt i ed t is p per ,

a his a ul f a it a and to displ y mir c ous gi t, re d loud in a j argon which the crowd was assured was the

h n he had ﬁn English language . W e ished read 9 TH WA N N W 1 30 E R I E ZEAL AND .

he in nt r t to a s ing, oblig gly i e pre ed them th t thi

an n n a a n of was E glish ewsp per, giving n accou t

a a war in wh the f s the Waitot r , ich number o soldier killed was and the number of fri en dly

’ 400 : of s a 40 s natives the e l st , were Willi am King people an d that the Queen wished it to be per fectly un derstood that when the present war was

all v n fri na h be over, the sur ivi g endly tives s ould

a of or to e s used as be sts burden, sweep the stre t and cleanse the most ﬁlthy localities in European ” town s . One of the earliest instances of an attempt to prove their invuln erability by English bullets

(which these prophets promised) , occurred shortly

ar at n i l a i afterw ds Se try H l, redoubt about s x

n r of miles o th New Plymouth , occupied by seventy

ﬁve un a of a a h of men der comm nd C pt in S ortt,

h an a n the 57t . The redoubt st ds on risi g ground

n was a in an open plai . It splendid moonlight

’ n h a n men in ig t , bout eight o clock , whe the the

t saw a a i n a ﬂ redoub M ori com g cross the at ,

a a a ann and throwing his rms bout in wild m er,

a a a to n sin ging wh t ppe red be a ative hymn . He

l to ara n a walked bold y up the p pet, a d s t down on

1 32 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LA ND .

was t n n an d word he give , the troops jumped up

in a a l on th n n mn poured he vy vo ley e adva ci g colu ,

in a fr ms back g it with gr pe om two coho . The

a ﬁr e h a im erturbabilit M ories stood the wit gre t P y, as if they did not expect to be hit ; but at last

and a n - f a and they broke ﬂed , le vi g thirty our de d

n woun ded behin d them . Our me being un der

n one was h n . h n the cover , o ly slig tly wou ded W e

‘ Maories on this occasion advan ced towards the

saw to t a few redoubt , our troops heir surprise ,

a in a an of the mam a a n the y rds dv ce body, pp re tly very same native who had visited them a few

h f a a n n n and n hi nig ts be ore , g i si gi g throwi g s

a a . hi m h as rms bout T s ti e , owever, he w less

f na a al n n him h s ortu te , riﬂe b l k ocki g over . T i

was in all a He aniah one of the prob bility p , three

r n al of the new n who p i cip prophets superstitio , is

’ a fa n on h o a n known to h ve lle t is cc sio . It mi ght have been expected that the result

of the a of n so fa a b ttle Se try Hill , t l to the preten

n of t he new fa h a sio s it , would h ve given it at all

Des atc es C. P. P. 1 864 E. No . 3 . 72 . Pa p h , , p pers on Pai

rire E. o. 8 and rivate sources . Ma , N , p PR GRESS OF F NA TI O A CISM. 1 33

en a a h n ot ev ts tempor ry c eck . It did do so , however . The survivin g prophets asserted that the cause of the disaster was the angel Gabriel

' havin g taken oﬂence at something that Hepaniah had don e ; but that he would still support them in fu Th a n their ture career . e prophet M te e

’

a n who had a . a in (M rti ) , C pt Lloyd s he d his pos

n a h a a e a of fana sessio , st rted wit l rg p rty tics down the a to a a a fr h n at an a co st W itot r , om w e ce , cute an n a the an an gle , ru s the tr ck to Upper W g ui

h a a a f r a na river, w ere l rge p rty o ve y w rlike tives

rn f a a a n . just retu ed rom W ik to , were st tio ed He succeeded in persuadin g many of them to join

n ew fa h and a an a a on the the it , to ttempt tt ck

an n and n of a an Europe tow settleme t W ng ui,

at the of the a 1 00 e mouth river, bout miles low r

n . The a a and a n dow river, bro d r pid torre t , rushes for many miles between perpendicular

a h a n n a cr gs, t rough cou try o ly ccessible to

- a e a n and a an . M ori s , or tr i ed pr ctised bush r gers

n of a war - ar a n h on a s The ca oes p ty l u c ed its w ter , would reach the outskirts of the settlement in

n was f a few hours . The tow but eebly de fended by a garrison of 300 men of the 57th 1 34 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LA ND . r n and a few a ave ne egime t militi , who could h do l n h own n whi ittle beyo d protecting t eir positio , le the remoter hamlets and scattered homesteads over ﬁfty miles in extent would have been ex posed to th a of the n n e was e r vages e emy . The da g r

n n h n was ann n ha the most immi e t, w e it ou ced t t portion ofthe Wangan ui tribe which lived within the settlement were determined to prohibit the a a and if n a f n the a w h tt ck , ecess ry to de e d pl ce it

c their lives . A party ofabout 300 ofthem pro eeded a n the in h an bout seve ty miles up river t eir c oes ,

the fana an d r a till they met tics wa p rty , who endeavoured to persuade them to let them pass down the river to attack the town but n ot only

all in were their overtures dignantly rejected , but they were told that their passage would be pre

n no a at ha a ﬁ of f . a en ve ted , m tter w t s cri ce li e M t e

h n a ul a n h if at the t e s id he wo d w it two mo t s , expiration of that time the loyal n atives would

wa . The a at n h and W give y l tter, le gt , sick earied of n a n on a 1 3th Ma these egoti tio s , Frid y, the y, sent a special messenger to Maten e and his fan atics proposing that they should do battle on

f n da at a certai on the an the ollowi g y p hour, isl d

THE W 1 36 AR IN NE W ZEA LAND .

e r ar . Maten e and his fanatics lan ded o u t of seven canoes on the shingle Spit without opposi

a A . H an e in tion bout 7 . Their forces were arr g d a a w h n me simil r ayto t at of the loyal atives . Im diatel af h f m h n y ter t ey were or ed t ey comme—ced h n an a n t n Hau hau l U t eir i c t tio , shou i g , p, up ! and using gestures not unlike the passes

a h a n the m de by mesmerists . T ey l boured u der strange delusion that while they themselves were

n n a h n n f i vul er ble , t eir oppo e ts would be orced by their incantation s to approach close to them

wi ff an an thout power to o er y resist ce . For two

h h n an a n the ours were t ese i c t tio s kept up , advanced compan ies being not more than twenty

h h r s n s h yards from eac ot e . A soo a t e ﬁrst shot

was ﬁ one of the an Winihere red by rebels (Ho i , of Pipiriki) the opposing forces slowly advan ced

h n h r f of a h th till they were wit i t i ty eet e c o er,

e when a volley was exchanged . S veral fell on

h an d a n the hi f bot sides, mo gst them c e Kereti ,

whose loss seems to have dispirited the loyal

na for d a tives , they imme i tely commen ced to

a at ﬁ h n af an retre t , slowly rst , but w e ter other

o two h a volley r their two ot er le ders , Hemi an d B A TT E OF O L M UTUA . 1 37

R a w f an d . iw i , ere killed , they airly broke ﬂed

a of min to The reserve , inste d co g their support ,

a of h n i . The lso ﬂed, most t em recrossi g the r ver

a at hi n b ttle seemed t s mome t completely lost , and a l not a n had prob b y would h ve bee retrieved ,

n ot n for the h f Haimona who it bee c ie Hiroti , ,

n he a h the end of the an h whe re c ed isl d , s outed , ” ll no f h and a a I wi go urt er , immedi tely r llied s ome twen ty men just in time to pour a deadly

n the who n h . volley i to rebels , were close upo t em

After this it seems to have been a han d - to - han d ﬁght ; but the rebels having lost several of their

a and n h the ha n le ders, Mete Ki gi wit reserve vi g

n Haimon a the n rejoi ed Hiroti , rebels soo broke an d n u ache ﬂed , bei g hotly p rsued till they re d

a of the an n all who v the he d isl d , whe sur ived (with the exception of a few who escaped in a

an the an d of h c oe) took to river , were most t em

h a n u he was a s ot down . M te e , tho gh b dly

n n in a n n wou ded while swimmi g , succeeded g i i g the an was a i a aha b k , but lmost immed tely tom wked

a na li an who t n o by tive po cem , Te Moro , los

hi a time in swimming after m. It is sc rcely

ha the was possible to state w t rebel loss , but 1 38 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA L A ND . f a f n on the an an d orty de d bodies were ou d isl d , several more were seen to sin k while attemptin g to cross the river . Nearly all the survivors were

n The fri n dl n s had known to be wou ded . e y ative

il an d f n - ﬁve to hir twelve k led , rom twe ty t ty

n S a and h n of wou ded . Several pe rs ot er weapo s

’ war a n and al F bi n ﬂa ch were t ke , so e s Ki g g, whi was foun d in a large canoe ; and on searchi n g

’ Matene s ha the n a n a r z w re , co querors obt i ed p i e

of n n n i ety sovereig s .

f h n nf a n had Be ore t ese eve ts occurred , i orm tio reached the Colonial Government of the danger

hi h n n n Th n w c impe ded over Wa ga ui . e Gover or

and n a t at a ran a an Ge er l were bo h T u g , but

e was n for h an d in a f w a xpress se t t em , e d ys I

a for a an aki h f n a st rted T r , wit orders rom Ge er l Cameron to send on a reinforcemen t of 300 men

n to Wanga ui . I accompanied them down to that

a f a r the n w pl ce , but be ore we r ived da ger as over ; an d I had the satisfaction of meeting the Maori

a e on de who had n w th le d rs our si , retur ed do n e

n d h river . The ext ay t e dead bodies of Hemi

See ver interestin Re ort Dr . Feat erston C. P. P. y g p by h ,

1 4 E. No . 3 . 80. 86 , , p

1 40 THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND .

of n a li a of Mormo ism , ttle mesmerism , touch

a a na n and a a spiritu lism, occ sio l ve triloquism, l rge

a n of ann ali are the a a mou t c ib sm , ch r cteristic f a h h ar e e tures w ich it ex ibits . Its rites bloody ,

n a f and li h a h n e se su l , oul devi s the le st repre e sibl and most orderly con sistin g in running roun d a

in the n n and in pole stuck grou d , howli g utter g

e h ll a a ro a r hi s gibb ris , ti c t lepsy p str tes the wo s pper , who sometimes he sen seless on the groun d for h r h i ha and ﬁn ou s . T eir b tterest tred , most re ed

are for na cruelties , reserved the missio ries , who

are a of n of h an ccused robbi g them t eir l ds , by

h n a a a tribes whic ever sold , g ve w y, or were

i f The f s n depr ved o an acre . oul super titio seems to have seized with more or less violen ce on all the rebel party a Ki ngite and a Hau Hau appear to n n m be sy o y ous .

fa h a h . n It is ir , however , to e r bot sides Eve

h h n h s a The t is orrid superstitio a its pologist .

h of n n in his n n a Bis op Welli gto , Ope i g ddress to

n of ha on the 26th the sy od t t diocese , September

a as f l st , spoke ollows I cann ot allow such a remarkable feature to

a nn as the Han Hau n p ss u oticed superstitio , T A P OLOG Y FOR THE FANA ICS.

has an a l n which swept over the l d like pesti e ce , and carried OHin its train the great mass of the

f a people rom Waik to to the Wairarapa. But I am bound to say that I should consider it a grave mistake if we were to merge the whole people in

n mi a n na n as of one i discri n te co dem tio , guilty , or

a n h an n symp thizi g wit , the worst d most disgusti g

f f l n eatures o the fanaticism . To use their own a

ua a a fa h g ge , two c noes st rted , by the lse prop et

’ Ua s m an f a n Te co m d , rom some pl ce betwee

n a a d n n an wa full of T ara ki n Wa ganui . O e c oe s

a one of a f a a . wr th , the other pe ce ul prop g ndism Some of the crew paddling in the latter were

a a Ta an a n Tu aea was c ptured ne r ur g , whe Hori p

h a f n n made prisoner . But t e wr th ul o e we t

a k and a an a and a a ! tow rds Opoti i T ur g , l s we

to of n l know o much its deeds of dark ess . Stil

a a a a it would be , I repe t it , gr ve mist ke to

a n h u the a a a a suppose th t our eig bo rs in W ir r p ,

who a a man a n the Pai a , lmost to , h ve joi ed M rire

ﬂa are h ar an d wil an g, murderers in e t l , y more than I can believe William Thompson (Tara

i i ai a as a of the p pip ) an d the W k tos body, guilty

u same crimes in will or thought . Do btless he 1 42 THE WA R IN NE W EA L N Z A D .

and thousan ds of others have join ed the fanatical movement merely as a political engin e for up

h n n n h h oldi g their atio ality . T ey ave established

a a a n h h a all M ori N tio al C urch , whic is to embr ce f sects . Their creed and orm of worship includes

a a n f the o an a h fai rticles t ke rom R m C t olic th ,

f an fr our P a - an d rom Wesley ism , om r yer book,

l fr h a n especial y om Judaism and t e Old Test me t . Thi s is the religion for those who sail in the

a f an and for ha n to the pe ce ul c oe , those t t belo g wrathful canoe there are added some of the worst features of the old Maori usage an d the days of

ha n f n n the cannibalism . I ve bee reque tly o board hulk where there are ﬁfty- six Maori prisoners who had all n Han Hau r t n h joi ed the supe sti io , but t ey have n early all attended divine service most ” gladly an d regul arly . The bishop appears to have forgotten what on e of hi s in h h has predecessors the C urc told us , that the same fountain cannot sen d forth sweet

nd a water a bitter . His pology amounts to this

ha the Hau Hau n has months t t religio two , with

Re ort of roceedin s of S no Wellin ton n end n p p g y d, g I dep e t newspaper .

1 44 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

course of events in Wai kato : Go you an d ﬁght there ; there is the fountain of this evil ; if you

can al a f n stop it , the sm l stre ms like mysel will soo

dr n . a n the yup . Fortu ately Dr Fe thersto , Super intendent of n n had a n n Welli gto , gre t i ﬂue ce over

a an d n a and i T ko , u der his dvice , gu ded by his own n a n of good se se , he restr i ed the impetuosity about as hostile and impetuous a mob of followers as any in the islan d . As I travelled down the coast at this date I had the satisfaction of reaping

’ he f of r n n n t ruits the Supe i te de t s man agement . Wi Tako met me by appointment ; an d we had a long conference; whi ch en ded in his makin g a full submission and signin g the declaration of alle

n giance to the Quee . He complain ed to me

of Kin a bitterly the course pursued by the g p rty ,

h d rv r a n hi h who a pe e ted moveme t , w c was

n a the a n on intended o ly to elev te M ori , i to e of

he “ If h mere hostility to t European . t ey would ” he a Kin ism have listened to me , s id, g would have

' n iﬂerent hin and bee a very d t g, its fortun es very

f n h t ad difere t . But t ey rejec ed my vice on every

” ’ n ff i occasion whe I o ered it . W Tako s submis sion practically put an end to all chance of BM OF WI TA K 4 SU ISSION O. 1 5 hostilities on the south coast between Wanganui

h n i f and Hawkes Bay. He as si ce thrown h msel

n all n our a and has e ergetic y i to c use , exercised great and most beneﬁcial inﬂuence in checking ‘ n h the rebel Haus Hans o t e east coast .

E o. 2 . 74 . full r rt in . P P. 1 8 4 . N See epo C . 6 , , p 1 46

AP ! CH TER . — War Time arrive for Political A lull in the — d— explain ed All Parties agreed As sent of D uke of Newcastle — — ’ ri in Pr tecti n ociet interfer s Mr . A bo g—es o o S y e Cardwell s Des atc Governor wavers and ol s ac Differen ce p h , h d b—k eventually Conﬁscates for their Successors Moral Effect of — ’ ' V acillation on Natives Mr . Car well s D es atc its Eﬂect d — p h , to su ort Min orit a ai n st Ma orit The Result the Pro pp y g j y ,

longati on of the War .

ull THERE was now a l . The rebels had n owhere (except at Tauranga) laid down their arms or

made any overtures for peace . But for the time

at all events they were defeated . Their forces

a d n to the h ll were sc ttered , they were rive i s, they

no f a and had little or ood rem ining, the winter

n was at hand . The Colo ial Government thought that the time had come when by an exhibition of ﬁrmn ess in taking the material guarantees again st a ren ewal of aggression which the Governor had

at n n of h proposed the comme ceme t ostilities, the

1 48 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LAND .

a of of nﬁ a la h h h t lked ) the co sc ted nds , w ic t ey should hold under Crown titles an d as in dividuals in stead of under the pernicious tribal ten ure

h 5th ll an n of hit erto existing ; , to se other portio the conﬁscated lands in order to repay to the

n an d h the a colo y, t rough it to public creditor, p rt at least of the en ormous cost which the rebellion had entailed upon it ; estimated at that time at

000 000l. n h h now to 3, , sterli g , t oug likely exceed even that and also to aid in the construction of

a r a n ia an d so h a a gre t o ds , so esse t l c e p method

n of subdui g and civilizing turbulent races . This policy was propoun ded in the shape of memoran da by the Colonial Mi nistry addressed to

he n and h h b f ar t Gover or, w ic e orw ded to the " Home Government in August 1 8633 He strongly

its nﬁ a n as a urged co rm tio , described it b sed

h h ff a upon t at w ich he adopted in British Ka r ria.

f rta n e “ a the h f of I eel ce i , he wrot , th t c ie s Waikato having in so unprovoked a manner

a an an d ha c used Europe s to be murdered , ving planned a wholesale destruction of some of the

C. P. P. 1 3 86 , A . No. 8 . ’ G OVERN OR GREY S CON CURREN CE. 1 49

an l n ll n a no Europe sett eme ts, it wi be ecess ry w to take efﬁcient steps for the perman ent security of the n r and n n f a cou t y, to i ﬂict upo those chie s punishment of such a n ature as will deter other

f aft f n and a in tribes rom here er ormi g , ttempt g to

a r of a a na c r y out , designs simil r ture , which must , in he a fa their results, so dis strous to the wel re of

’ the n ative race as well as to her Majesty s Euro

n I an devise no other lan pea subjects . c p bywhich both o those ends can be ain an ﬁ t f obt ed th , rs ly, by providing for the permanent peace of the country by locating large bodies ofEuropean settlers strong en ough to defend themselves in those natural positions in this provin ce which will give us the

nt a of and ill nvi n e ire comm nd it, w co ce the badly disposed n atives that it is hopeless to attempt

h d an f n eit er to rive the Europe s rom the cou try, or to place them throughout a great part of its extent under the rule an d laws of a king of the

n a a the a a n tive r ce , elected by M ori popul tio , who would soon turn his arms again st his brother

h f and n h n an fr end c ie s , re der the Nort er Isl d om to end one large scen e of murderous warfare ;

an d n a n the an c , seco dly, by t ki g l d on whi h this 1 50 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA L AND .

European population is to be settled from those tribes who have been guilty of the outrages

detailed in my various despatches to your Grace . A punishment of this nature will deter other

' n a a h n h tribes from committi g simil r cts, w e t ey ﬁnd that it is not a question of mere ﬁghting which they are to be allowed to do as lon g as

li and h n n a n they ke , t e whe they ple se to retur to their former homes as if n othing had taken

a ha h m f w pl ce , but t t suc isconduct is ollo ed by the forfeiture of large tracts of terri torywhich they

al h h own un n v ue ig ly, whilst their co tryme will generally admit that the punishment is a fair an d

one h a a f a just , w ich the W ik to chie s h ve well ” h n deserved . T e Ge eral Assembly met in

and al a October, by most un nimous votes of both . a the a at houses , it dopted policy bove deline ed , an d authorized the rai sing of a loan of three

n li a millio s ster ng to c rry it out . The Colonial

a was n h n a a Tre surer se t ome to egoti te it , be r ing letters to the Home Government from the

rn a r n Gove or, w rmly suppo ti g his mission . Im

C. P. P. 1 863, A . No . 8 .

T W W 1 52 HE A R IN NE ZEAL AND .

rn n n a n a e Home Gove me t , o ly ddi g some dvic a and n for hi the bout moderation prude ce , w ch

n of ul a f . colo ists were , course , d y gr te ul I do n ot i a r a of r d s pprove , w ites his Gr ce, the p in ci le of h h an p t e measure . I think t at y body of n atives who take up arms against her

a on h n a h a M jesty, suc grou ds s t ose lleged by the a a ma un W ik tos , y properly be p ished by the conﬁscation of a large part of their common

in h n h a n property . I th k t at the la ds t us t ke may be properly employed in meeting the ex

n of the war n or an pe ses , do I see y objection to using them as the sites of military settle ” h ments . But w en the subject was brought before the English Parli ament in the en suing

n . a w ha n in a sessio , Mr C rd ell , vi g the me ntime

a h w succeeded his Gr ce , t is policy , which as very

n was t n n n and much misreprese ted, s ro gly de ou ced

h n n n men h m n had ve eme tly co dem ed , by w ose i ds evidently been schooled by an extremely small

n h mi ority in the colony . T en the Aborigines Protection Society addressed one of its f amous

the n has n letters to Gover or , which , it si ce

a him f . bo sted , induced to modi y his policy WE TERF RES. MR . CARD L L IN E 1 53

And ﬁn ally came an elaborate despatch from ’ . a l n n a misa rehen Mr C rdwe l, writte u der gre t pp

n n n n h sio , directi g thi gs to be do e which were p ysi

al l and to a h h c ly impossib e , others be ttempted w ic

a a a and h h if a were p lp bly bsurd, w ic , ttempted

to a out a in n o h wa be c rried , could Oper te ot er y than —to upset the plan s of the Colonial Govern men t those very plan s which the Governor had

a as his and r h n ha had cl imed , to throw eve yt i g t t

n nf n bee already don e into inextricable co usio .

n The r The atural result followed . Gove nor

h fﬁ and h tried to obey t e Colonial O ce , to s ape a course whi ch might make things pleasant to

n The n the Aborigi es Protection Society . mi istry adhered to the policy on which they and the

had a n h f and Governor greed six mo t s be ore , whi ch had induced the Assembly to undertake the tremendous liabilities it had san ctioned; A lon g contest ensued between the Govern or and

an in his ministers . They tried every me s their power to get him to conﬁscate a suﬂi cient

an of an a out at a qu tity l d to c rry , le st , the

r r P 3 1 864 . 47 P. M . Date 26th A ril 1 864 . . 2 rd a d p , , p 5 THE W IN 1 4 A R NEW ZEA L AND .

an a a of a and a e subst ti l p rt their pl ns , to en bl

fai r them to keep th with their military settle s .

h as ea l a n T ey proposed , the l st possib e mou t , acres out of belonging to

Hi s the rebel tribes of Waikato and Taranaki .

l a was al in ai a o u tim tum , two sm l blocks Lower W k t and at N aruawahia n ai n a g , co t ing bout ac one- n h of res, just te t the quantity proposed

a a n of hi by his ministers , l rge proportio w ch " was unﬁt for settlement It was hopeless to a t ff an m and t empt to e ect y compro ise , the

on n n ministry, chieﬂy this grou d , resig ed .

n h af rwa About three mo t s te rds , the Governor,

the a of h r ﬁ a on dvice t eir successo s , con sc ted

in a a and at a a a a er blocks W ik to T r n ki, much l rg in a a and n n n a all h f re , i cludi g e rly t at the ormer ministry had advised As far as producin g any moral effect on the

a too a . The n n h rebels , this c me l te e tire wi ter ad

a a a and n p ssed w y, we were agai in the full height of l had summer, The rebe s grown crops and

a n a of h t ke he rt grace . T ey had read i n the

See ma s and ot er ocuments in C . P. P 1 864 E. p h d . , No . 2 and 2 c .

1 5 T W 6 HE WA R IN NE ZEALA ND . remarkable that about a fortnight before his

a a in A an an a a e a e desp tch rrived uckl d, el bor t rticl

a a in on e of the n a h h ppe red ewsp pers t ere, w ich , except that it exhibited traces of more local know

l h n own en . edge , mig t have been writte with his p

had had n ot an Whether Mr . Cardwell or y

m n a n di n h the all com u ic tio , rect or i direct , wit sm

a f ff of hi s a h was p rty re erred to , the e ect desp tc

' really to give eﬂect to the will of the colonial

n the of un an mi ority, over will an almost imous

a . it s n not m jority Whether wa desig ed or ,

h f a u n n al and t ere ore, it w s most nco stitutio , opposed to every prin ciple of representative

n nf na Governme t . It was the more u ortu te ,

a his an im acticable f the ﬁ bec use pl , m rom rst , entirely failed when attempted to be carried out ; and had no other effect than to break down the accepted policy of the majority (that which the Govern or had declared to be the only one he could devise capable of meeting the crisis) ; to check it just when it had achieved success in its

ﬁ a and to n rst st ge , re der it impossible to give it

’ ff f a ll s t had further e ect a ter Mr . C rdwe s ubstitu e

n proved an abortio . L U CA USES OF EAt RE OF P OL ICY. 1 57

That the policy of 1 863 would have been a

a a a n success , th t it would h ve been tte ded with the

u h h n had a res lts w ic the Gover or predicted , I h ve

f no had n mysel doubt , provided it bee vigorously,

i and n ﬁve rig dly, persiste tly prosecuted to the

ain n a at i n n of m e ds which I h ve , the beg ni g this

a a a n a . ha n ch pter, s id th t it co templ ted T t it ever

ot the ﬁ a was w n t n g beyond rst st ge , o ing to o hi g else than the gratuitous interference of the

n n and the ill - Aborigi es Protectio Society, judged

of an a a adoption by Mr . Cardwell ide ltogether

n h and ﬁ inconsiste t wit it , opposed to the rst

in n of prin ciples embodied it . The actio s that society and of the Min ister for the colonies

a a n f f n p r lysed the Gover or, in used resh hope i to

a of l and a n w the bre st the rebe , g ve e vigour to his h arm. T at the war became more general and

has a an a has been protr cted over other ye r, in my Opinion been owing mainly to this cause and if the colonial creditor is n ow trembling for hi s

and the r l w n ew interest , colony ove whe med ith

’ diﬂi culties on . a w a and , it is Mr C rd ell s desp tch ,

’ the A n n a ha borigi es Protectio Society s ction , t t l they mayjustly ay the blame . 1 58

I CHAPTER ! . — The Prison ers taken in the War how they escaped .

A LONG chapter might be wri tten on the escape of 2 n f the 00priso ers , who , rom time to time , were

’ a n in a m a a the n and t ke r s g inst Quee s troops , handed over by Gen eral Cameron to the Colonial

and ﬁn l di Govern ment for safe custody a sposal . But since the Head Centre of the Fenians has

n l nn escaped from Richmo d Bridewe l , it seems u e cessary to offer much explan ation of the similar

l s n at feat performed by the rebe pri o ers Kawau .

If nm n h all the h the British Gover e t , wit Iris

a a all and wi const bul ry, with its troops , th its

rf n i not one dan pe ect priso discipl ne , could keep

a man n n al an d n g rous withi sto e w ls , behi d iron

l and a ann s in ha bo ts b rs , it c ot be urpris g t t the

l n al t a a fe Co o i Government, wi h comp r tively w a li an for a u al pp ces such purpose , sho ld be equ ly

1 60 THE WAR IN NEW ZEA L A ND .

an in a ma m ner which they were tre ted , I y sum marize a vast amount of certiﬁcates and return s

on n of . the subject, by quoti g the words the Rev

a a of hu na Ch rles B ker, the C rch Missio ry Society , who gratuitously performed the fun ctions of chap

h l n lai n to t e hu k for several mo ths . The pro

n Mr . a ri was d a visio , B ker w tes , goo in qu lity ,

in n Th and sufﬁcient qua tity . e comfort of the

n was in priso ers promoted every practical way. Cleanlin ess and order were enforced ; their moral

d a fa a for an spiritu l wel re were c red . A very decided improvement in their appearance was

an f and n of ur fre m i ested, expressio s s prise were quently heard among them of the kind treat ment they received at the hands of the Govern

oﬂi cers in a n mi ment . The ch rge were u re ttin g

in t a n n . rt heir tte tio to the prisoners In sho ,

u a a under the pec li r circumst nces , the Maories ” not a at could h ve received better tre ment . Ti

n al h f a n to Ori Ori, the pri cip c ie mo g them , wrote

a h our ac hi s sister s ore , Sister, pl e is very

dod and a a n h' om our g , lso the tre tme t we receive ” e . The of n als mast rs whole body priso ers o ,

a ilar n after their esc pe , bore sim testimo y . The G E I NE OVERN OR WISHESTO REL EA S PR SO RS. 1 61

n n h ai to . Gover me t, t ey s d, Mr White , their

h f oﬂi cer a n n in n c ie , h ve bee very ki d providi g for n n and n and us clothi g, provisio s, ute sils ;

a our n n n to a n a gre t is u ki d ess you , who h ve bee fa he and a a all our an t r to us , h ve ttended to w ts ” n in sickn ess as well as on all other occasio s . Very shortly after the capture of the ﬁrst lot of prisoners the Governor began to press his

f th on ministers to release some o em parole . They consulted a great number of experienced

n an d a nan n was perso s , the lmost u imous opinio that the parole of a Maori was n ot to be relied

n . s h upo The minister , owever, expressed their

h all th readin ess to bring t em to trial . This e Governor declined ; and he continued to press for on a n in n release p role , expressi g the stro gest mann er his conviction that the honour of a Maori

n d was n a . n er h o ce ple ged i viol ble Mi ist s , owever,

no a n for a and li n seeing re so such step , be evi g,

n n ar ha the n of h o the co tr y, t t impriso ment t ese rebels had a very beneﬁcial effect on those still at

E. No . 1 . 46 ct se . w er ver full P. 1 856 e P. See C. , , p q , h y documentary evidence relative to the custody an d escape of the

prisoners will be foun d . 1 62 THE WA R IN NE W Z EA L A ND . la n n ﬁrm and f to l a e rge , they co ti ued , re used re e s

af a . The n ow them except ter tri l Gover or , h

f a a hi s a in a r over, ound me ns to pl ce dvisers ve y

nf n a n in hi s pai ul positio , by ch rgi g them de spetches to the Home Government with cruelty

a n and n r tow rds the priso ers , co duct derogato y

na . a a to the British me . As Mr Fitzger ld l tely

rv in a . a Am obse ed letter to Mr C rdwell , idst

ll ha n a ff hin a t t the colo ists h ve su ered , not g is more gelling than to see Sir George Grey earnin g a great and ill - deserved reputation for humanity ” was a at their expense . This exactly case in

n and n of n a so poi t, the positio mi isters bec me painful that they determined on the ﬁrst oppor tunity to get rid of the respon sibility of the

h had not n to a . prisoners . T ey lo g w it On the 8th of July the Governor made them a deﬁnite

‘ proposal to sen d the prisoners on parole to the

of a a a little island K w u , bout 30 miles from

a own a Auckl nd , his priv te property, where he

d a n r a and ha cou t y se t , where there were no

n hi s own an inhabita ts but serv ts . On the 2nd of

r 0. P. P. 1 865 A . No. 5 , , p . as.

1 64 THE WAR IN NE W ZEA LAND .

‘ violability of their parole and it does seem that it would have been a very Hibernian proceeding to as n on a and at a rele e priso ers p role , the s me time place a military guard over the person s

a . h n an a n rele sed Besides whic , co st tly mo g them as he was if a a n ar s , gu rd were ecess y, he mu t have known it ; its appoin tment was in his own

and n o one h lf a a power , but imse could h ve p pointed one . The subsequent history of these prison ers was

a a . lan on a a and rem rk ble They ded the m inl nd ,

a n on an a a il took up positio isol ted circul r h l , ” a a in the of Om h , midst a district somewhat

n al f de sely occupied by sm l armers . By some

an a la of a and me s they got rge supply rms, they were provided with food partly by neighbourin g natives and partly by purchases at the stores of

u a the E rope n settlers , which they visited in small armed parties Several oﬂi cers of Government

and vrsrted on and colonists them their hill, were received in the most fri endly mann er The Governor ﬁrst tri ed to coax them back ; then he laid a trap for them ; but they were suspicious of

and i all his intentions, decl ned his advances . N E ESCAPED PRISO RS A T L ARGE. 1 65

u h n 35 fr u k a Tho g o ly miles om A c l nd, where

was a a a f and h n there l rge milit ry orce , thoug o ly a f the sea- h he bout a. mile rom s ore, t ir position relatively to unprotected settlers and surrounding natives was such that to attack them would have been to run the risk of setting the n orth in a

h a on “ th blaze . So t ere they rem ined e top of

ft a a han n n the lo y Om h , exc gi g complime ts with

n and the n an d f n the Gover or colo ists, eeli g , ac i own a n cord ng to their ccou t, extremely com

n fortable . At last the Gover or invited them to

ai a T s ha go back to W k to . heir reply wa t t they did not intend to move at all till theyhad eaten their Christmas dinn er with a ﬁ' iendly chief at the f of the and n h l a oot hill, the t ey wou d decide wh t

to . ltim el r a do U M y they b oke up their p rty .

rn a a h Some , I believe , did retu to W ik to ; ot ers remain ed among the friendly natives north of

Aucklan d . I beli eve that the long imprisonment of these men on board the hulk had worked a great

in h a ha change t eir char cter . It would ve been very easy for them after their escape to have

the un n of lan h deluged co try orth Auck d wit blood, W 1 66 THE A R IN NEW ZEA LAND .

h n and involved us in a war with t e n orther tribes . It is believed that attempts were made to in cite them to do it ; but they had had time in the quiet

of h n to on a n n an d t eir priso reﬂect p ssi g eve ts , they were evidently not prepared to plunge again

n h i t h An d m n l n to i to ost li ies wit us . I a i c i ed thin k that the kin d treatment whi ch they had

on a the hul and h aft received bo rd k, to whic er their escape they on several occasions referred in

a f had ft n h an d n gr te ul terms , so e ed t em , co vin ced

h ha a ha n ot as an of th t em t t the P ke did , m y em

had n the u n of the ao bee told , seek destr ctio M ri

h ndl f in or look upon him wit unki y eel gs . I

an n sa ha h ft h i n a men c ot y t t t ey le t eir pr so s dder , but certainly they left it wiser than they entered

e for ha h it ; and it was w ll us t t t ey did so .

a . . hi The reports m de by Mr . T A W te of hi s interviews with the natives subsequently to their

escape are extremely interesting . The Colonial

fﬁ r has n ot h h to li O ce , howeve , t oug t proper pub sh

an of a a n to the n y the p pers rel ti g priso ers , except

’ a few of the n r ar a h Gover o s e ly desp tc es . They were asked for in the House of Common s in

a a . ar ll a e M rch l st, but Mr C dwe m de som excuse

( 1 68 )

A !II CH PTER . — Wanganui and Taranaki Campaign of 1 865 Why Undertaken Num er of l b Rebe s in the Distric t Number o—f Troops Di stance over whi ch Operati on s to be c—ar ried on Attack by Rebels on Road Party at Wai totara Attack on General m ’ Ca eron s camp —at Nuku maru Adva—nce up the Coast towards Taranaki Re aches Waigongoro Campaign closed for the Season Gen eral Cameron goes to A uckland uarrel etween G v r n G n Q b o erno a d e eral Cameron .

I'r will be remembered that almost immediately after the outbreak at Taran aki an d the murders of 4th of Ma 1 863 a a n the y, , milit ry oper tio s were

n in ha n and n a a suspe ded t t settleme t , Ge er l C me

' ron recalled to Aucklan d in consequen ce of the

affa in a a threatening aspect of irs W ik to . Before leavin g Taranaki he had one engagement with

at Kai takare and n n s the rebels , i ﬂicted co iderable loss upon them ; but unfortun ately it was not the perpetrators of the murders whom he en

on a a n a a of countered th t occ sio , but p rty Upper W A N GA N I AND TAR NAKI CAMPAIGN . 1 69 U A .

an anui na n a of W g tives , who , i stig ted by the love

ﬁ h n had a a of g ti g , gr tuitously come distance

1 20 i a ar t r f u n th m les to t ke p t in he st i e . D ri g e

aika a ai n the at ar ana W to c mp g , troops T ki did little more than stan d on the defen sive but the rebels continued to scour the country an d attack

. was h a as ha n our outposts It t ere lso , we ve see , that the horrid Hau Hau superstition originated

and it was Taran akis and other south- west coast

na who a a ac an an h n tives ttempted to tt k W g ui , w e they were so gallantly defeated by our Maori

a a n h a of n a r llies . In dditio to t ese cts ope gg es

n h had for ﬁve a the a a n sio , t ey ye rs closed ro d lo g

the a a ana and an an co st between T r ki W g ui , threatenin g death to any one who might attempt

ne a n to travel on it . On o occ sio Bishop Selwyn

a the a t h n him im m de ttemp , w e they stopped ,

i n him and ﬁ al n a pr so ed , n ly se t him b ck by the

h had way e come . The Governor had n ever abandoned the idea

h na of puni shing t ese tives . He always con

” “ he . a ha sidered , writes to Mr C rdwell , t t the safety of the southern settlements required that

h r who a n the t ese t ibes, were mo g most guilty of 1 T WA N N W 70 HE R I E ZEA LAND . all the in a an S tribes New Ze l d, hould be reduced

n ar as n 1 864 to submissio As e ly Ju e or July, , preparations had been commenced for the prose cution of h a a n had n n t is c mp ig , but bee suspe ded

a n of the a n a partly by the l te ess se so , p rtly by the

’ ’ a Governor s attempts to carry out Mr . C rdwell s a n h an d a his own bortive cessio sc emes, p rtly by futile amn esty proclamation whi ch tied hi s han ds

1 864. In the n a the till December , i terv l Weld

in h d a n fﬁ as re m istry a t ke o ce . Their views garded Taranaki were identical with the Gover

’ n and w h of h h or s , it those t eir predecessors . T ey con sidered it indi spen sable to the permanen t safety of Taranaki and to the general paciﬁcation

of the un ha a a a a Sh co try, t t p ss ble ro d ould be open ed between Taranaki an d Wangan ui as soon as possible that the settlements of New Plymouth and Wangan ui should be strengthen ed and ex tended that military posts should be established between the two ; and ﬁn ally that as the tribes referred to had always been among the most

n of n e a i n had mi turbule t the ativ popul t o , com tted

the and n a and worst most u provoked outr ges ,

r n in a a of n n h we e the st te ope rebellio , t ere could

1 THE WAR IN NEW EA A N 72 Z L D . a le an arm f r a h of h g or o e c t em . The Gen eral had also artillery and several steamers on the coast capable of entering the various rivers whi ch ran h r throug the dist ict . The di stance from Taranaki to Wanganui is

1 28 all of hi h 90 was miles, w c , except miles ,

al a in n . n a C.B . re dy our possessio Colo el W rre , ,

an n t a an a ff h hi s n comm di g a T r ki , o ered wit colum of 600 men a 90 of the 1 28 a n , to cle r miles , le vi g

n a a n n 34 1 8 of hi Ge er l C mero o ly miles, w ch

in n an d alf of ha a were our possessio , h t t cultiv ted

n h and occupied by Wanga ui settlers . Wit these ﬁgures it does not seem as if the General had ‘ much work before him.

f e l n Be ore , howev r, he cou d begi his work ,

a was the a n wh tever it , rebels ch lle ged us to the

in a n of ll n n ﬁght . The prov ci l governme t We i gto

’ was en gaged in makin g a road over Queen s lan d

a a 1 2 n h of in the W itotara block , bout miles ort

a n on n h W nganui . Some rebels residi g the ort side of the Waitotara river had threatened to stop

’ T ese and revious ﬁ ures rn S h p g are Gove or Grey s . ee f Des atc to Secretar o State l oth ul 1 865 C. P. P. 1 865 p h y , J y, ,

A . No. 5 . W AN GAN UI A ND TARANA KI CAMPAIGN . 1 73

the road ; but after some discussion they agreed that it should go as far as the river ; if we crossed

ha h a h u ﬁ h . h l w t t , t ey s id t ey wo ld g t W i e it as still some miles from the river a party of Taranaki n atives came down the coast an d attacked one of

a aft the road parties . A few d ys erwards they

a a r in in hi most b rb rously mu dered cold blood , s

own r a f nd h f and of his dist ict, rie ly c ie some

’ f n t e 24th an a h ollowers . O h J u ry t e Gen eral s

f a an a the ai a a orce dv ced tow rds W tot r river ,

f r a hin a ki in but be o e re c g it s rmish occurred , which we lost Lieutenant Johnstone of the

40th and h and had n men , three ot ers killed , seve

n n da a f of 600 woun ded . O the ext y orce rebels (according to Gen eral Cameron) - 4OO (according — ’ to the Governor) boldly attacked the General s

t a a a on an n n camp a Nukum ru , pl ce l d belo gi g to

the n on the h of the Wa Quee , sout side itotara

The a a was a h on an river . tt ck m de bot ﬂ k and

in f n and a a at one ro t , it is st ted th t time the

’ wi n 1 50 a of the n a rebels got thi y rds Ge er l s tent .

The n in h n a pickets were drive wit co sider ble loss ,

the a h a in and had M ories broug t up reserve time , it is doubtful which way the fortune of the day 1 74 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

a n . The ﬁ a t a n t m would h ve go e ght l s ed lo g i e , but eventually the rebels were repulsed an d driven

lr to the bush by a small party of cava y. Only eleven bodies of rebels were foun d on the ﬁeld ; but it was estimated that their loss was ” a s il and 1 9 n he vy . Ours wa 1 1 k led wou ded .

had 46 fﬁ 45 r an and 878 an We o cers , se je ts , r k

d n an ﬁle e gaged . Thi s was the only occasion in which the forces un der Gen eral Cameron became engaged with any con siderable number of the en emy during this campaign With the exception of the Skirmish of the previous day an d another runn ing ﬁght n a a a on 1 3th a w e r P te the M rch , it as the only

a n on an n was at all occ sio which e emy seen . On the 5th of February the General crossed the

a a a f f avin Bri Waitot r river with h l his orce , le g gadier Gen eral Waddy and Colon el Weare of the

th f a few a af rwa 50 to ollow him d ys te rds . On the 1 6th a the n f ot a Febru ry u ited orces g to P tea, a considerable river about 40 miles from Wan

anui h a - a e a g , where the e d qu rt rs were est blished .

h n a a a a a a T e ce det chments were dv nced to K k r mea,

Manawa o an d Wai on oro h p , g g , w ere posts were

1 76 THE WA R IN NEW ZEALAND .

of a n at the a of weeks summer we ther, bei g r te

n da h e rather less tha one mile a y. His w ol

a h n mn was a and ﬁle h m rc i g colu r nk , wit the n of fﬁ usual proportio o cers .

Th n in and a n a h e autum now set , occ sio l roug

weather occurred on the coast A boat - load of groceries inten ded for the troops was upset in the rf an d a n ha n on e su , ccide ts ppe ed to or two

n a a n who as Sir more . Ge er l C mero , , George

a was the n n a who Grey rem rks, o ly Ge er l ever thought it n ecessary to go into winter quarters in a an n n a New Ze l d , co ceived it time to termi te the active operation s (if they may be called such)

of a a and a the end of A he the c mp ign , bout pril

f r A departed o uckland . No one can suppose for a moment that Gen eral Cameron and his army of men

n h r ll were really doi g t ei best a this time . It must have been a matter of con siderable difﬁ

f ho n culty or him w to co trive to do so little . All our conjectures to discover how he solved the

f a ha n f il had problem , would, I e r, ve bee ut e,

h not a h ta n t ere re c ed us cer i Blue Books , pre sented to the General Assembly by command of ’

G OV . G EY E R S AND GEN . CAM R ON S QUA RREL 1 77 hi s n n a n the the Excelle cy, which co t i key to

an an a a n . are n W g ui c mp ig They e titled, Cor respon dence between his Excellen cy Sir George

and nan - n a Grey , Lieute t Ge er l Sir D .

a n and h n a n the C mero , t ey co t i record

of on e of the most remarkable quarrels between ” m n s a an d n h e a . two ble disti guis ed , Mr Card

a h h a ur well c lls them , w ic prob bly ever occ red in

Th n has n ofﬁcial life . e E glish public bee wonder ing why the New Zealand war would n ot come to

an end an d wh the ﬁve n h h h , y regime ts w ic t ey were told a year ago were on their way home

ha n ot ar . The n of h ve rived docume ts , whic I

an a a ll n a shall proceed to give bstr ct, wi e ble them to discover the reason why they have been dis

n in h a and wi appoi ted t ese m tters, ll also give them such an in sight into the manner in which wars are con ducted with Imperial troops in our

n s a h in colo ies, a must m ke t em more determ ed

han r ha if h a th t eve , t t it be possible t is sh ll be e last occasion on which such an event shall ever

th h of h happen in e istory the Britis Empire . 1 78

CHAPTER !III .

Seri ous Differences between Govern or Grey and General Cameron ' — t askrn for in f m ar de 1 . A s o Re orce n Th g e ts 2 . e W nounced by General Cameron as an —Ini quitous Job T 4 Th c esti on f mov of th . E n 3. Qu o Re al e roops e xpedie y — A ’ of captur ing Wereroa Pah 5 . bout Colonel Warre s Ex pe e re orr s n en rs dition 6 . S c t C e po d ce an d Pri vate L ette Ho r ll i s s f w M . Car we o es o th d d p e Difﬁculty .

THE campaign between Sir George Grey an d Gen eral Cameron seems to have been by far the most vigorously prosecuted of any which was ever carried on in New Zealand If those “ two able and distinguished person s had exhibited as much en ergy and determin ation in ﬁghting the

as in ﬁ h n a h h the war rebels , they did g ti g e c ot er , might perhaps have been brought to a much earlier termin ation ; at least there is an old

a a h a a f proverb bout ouse divided g inst itsel ,

m fa a n l n which see s to vour such co c usio . I shall endeavour to give as con cise an out

of a n n of a d line the le di g poi ts the qu rrel, an as

1 80 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA L AND . his applying for a reinforcement of men ; you may depend on it your plan of occupyin g the whole lin e of coast c ann ot be carri ed out ” i n 1 2 h h h w thout them . O the t Marc e ren ews the subject I was anxious to hear whether you inten ded to apply fo r the reinforcements I recom

n &c . On the 1 3th a h the v n me ded , M rc Go er or

n ma ha he has n te his ini r i ti tes t t co sul d M ste s , and n n in h i n n ha n e tirely co curs t e r opi io , t t rei f r n w nn a an d i a n o ceme ts ere u ecess ry , g ves re so s

for ha n i n . n a a n t t co clus o Ge er l C mero replies ,

1 5th a h All the a n n n for M rc , re so s you me tio

n n ot a for nf n are decidi g to pply rei orceme ts , to

n the n a n h h u my mi d , stro gest re so s t ey s o ld be

f r In n n ha n w k n applied o . my opi io w t is o ta i g

' place does not aﬂord the most distant prospect l that the natives wil submit . Their submission n a a to far off as at n ever ppe red me so prese t . I do not agree with you that the colony will be able to occupy the country between Patea an d

aran a in two a tw n u d in m T ki ye rs ; e ty wo l , y

n n a the a . opinio , be e rer m rk

The nf n h a k for a rei orceme ts t us s ed , s ys

rn n . a the Gove or, writi g to Mr C rdwell , would QUESTION OE REIN EORCEMEN TS. 1 81

’ a a f fﬁ r an d h ve raised Sir D . C meron s orce in o ce s men at Wanganui alone (to open the last 1 6 miles

of a to the a r a of ro d Pate iver, ) to upw rds

an d n n n a t a of i cludi g Tara ki , o upw rds

fﬁ and m o cers en . I felt it to be my duty to decline to ask for the

n f n a for rei orceme ts pplied , which I judged to be

u nn a and id not h n obvio sly u ecess ry, I d t i k it right that any stop in the operations entered on

Sh a H d n a li ould t ke place . a I conse ted to the pp

a n a an d had a n n c tio s m de , I stopped oper tio s u til reinforcements of at least men had arrived

f n an n a n rom E gl d, rebellio s would h ve broke out in h ar of an an d an n ot er p ts the isl d , e ormous useless expenditure of mon ey and loss of life

n n would have bee i curred. If an ything could have at on ce alarmed an d

was n n ha dispirited troops , it k owi g t t their com man der believed that they were opposed to a n and n n wi umerous determi ed e emy, th whom they were unable to cope without being reinforced

at a by le st men . It should be observed that the number above

r a f given by the Gove nor, upw rds o 1 82 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA L A ND . would have been in addition to some other

‘ r u a and n a in h a of t oops , reg l r colo i l, ot er p rts the

h th x - a colony . I t ink e British ta p yer will quite a h the n “ ha h n f gree wit Gover or, t t suc rei orce

n nn me ts were obviously u ecessary .

The n n 2 . —ext grou d of difference which arose was this On the 1 l th January Gen eral C ameron

the n a a a wrote to Gover or, M jor Gre ves s ys one hin rta n an d ha ha t g is very ce i , t t is , t t the man wh had n o ri h o sold the block g t to do so , and it is the old Wai tara dodge for getting up a war an d th n n a n at , e co seque t milit ry expe diture

an an n t 2 th an fu . W g ui . O he 8 J uary he rther

n a n in h ar of wrote , Si ce I h ve bee t is p t the world I have made inquiri es about the purchase of a a a and a a n ha W itot r , h ve re so to believe t t it is a a a a more iniquitous job than the W it r block . I am n ot surprised that the n atives have opposed

a - n not kn a our ro d maki g . I do ow M jor

a kn ha . n h he nor Gre ves, but I do ow t t eit er Gen eral Cameron can have the smallest acquaint an the of na in n a ce with subject tive titles ge er l , f or of the title to the particular block re erred to . If the Govern or has any touch of humour about

W N W 1 84 THE A R I NE ZEAL AND . found that any dispute existed as to the com

leteness of the ha t o ill am p purc se, request Sir W i

a n - f of the n n M rti , ex chie justice colo y, to i vesti

a . ul h n o one g te it They, however, co d meet wit who had a word to say on the subject ; an d having n o a n f e h h r n r at compl i ts be or t em , t ey we e e ti ely a loss what they should direct any commission

h h a n n u n On i t ey mig t ppoi t , to i q ire i to . th s the Governor wrote to the General as follows

A s am ver an i ou s to do ustice in the matter I y x j ,

m ut to the ome overnment and to kee to do y d y H G , p nothin g back from them of which they should be in

‘ forme Shou fee ver much o i e to ou if ou d , I ld l y bl g d y y wou ld inform me of the nature of the in q uirie—s you made about the purchase of the Waitotara Block what are

our reason s for e ievin that it is an ini uitous ob y b l g q j , an d upon whose information your opinion s are foun ded Imm i t ssi n of thi s information ed a ely I am in posse o , a fu in uir sha be in stitute an d am e ustice on e ll q y ll d, pl j d , as the stat ntr wi now e ieve short e of the cou y ll , I b l , ly ” er p mit of such proceedings being carried out .

hi the n a To t s Ge er l replied, — Srn It is no art of m ut to co ect informa , p y d y ll tion for your Excellency on such a subject as the purchase of the Waitotara B ock re ar in which ou have am l , g d g y ple means of o tainin all the information ou re uire and b g y q , E TI N OE WA IT T RA P RCH QU S O O A U A SE. 1 85

I therefore decline entering into anycorresPon dence with

your Excellency on the subject . ’ wi now however make her a est s overn I ll , , M j y G ment fully acq uainted with the in formation on which the opinion expressed in my private letter of the 28th ” anu r J a y was founded .

n a a n w n nn h Ge er l C mero , he he pe ed t is reply , did n ot apparen tly observe that the Govern or had n ever asked him “ to collect information for him ; but had requested him to state the grounds

of a ha wh h had a e and most serious c rge ic he m d , to let him know on whose information he had alleged

“ ha an ui had n a t t iniq tous job bee perpetr ted .

’ Neither was General Cameron s reply in other re spects exactly what might have been expected from

a n e an of f n n ha n ge tl m his pro essio , whe c lle ged to

an h subst tiate t e truth of his statements .

As a a a a a a reg rds the W itot r purch se , it p ssed ,

n n own h n was in revisio , u der my eye , w e I Native Minister and I have no hesitation in

in n n ha no a express g my co victio , t t there is re l foundation whatever for the allegation s made on ‘ n l n the subject by Ge era Camero .

3. an h ff n Cotempor eously wit these di ere ces ,

S A en ix n ote A . ee pp d , 1 86 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

others of a more immediately practical bearin g

n The n of the i at hi h had arise . questio t me w c the troops could be safely dispen sed with was

on of a l i a har a an d h as clearly e po it c l c cter , suc ought to have been left to the sole discretion

of rn . h n h a the Gove or W e , owever, the Imperi l Government determined to remove ﬁve regiments

fr m ea an h h ar o New Z l d , it t oug t proper to dep t

“ f the a a and ft to the rom usu l pr ctice , le it discretion of Gen eral Cameron to determin e the period at which these measures could be carried ” n al a e n wr the n out . Ge er C m ro ites to Gover or ,

’ I should be glad to kn ow your Excellency s

as n as n n n . rn views soo co ve ie t The Gove or , n o doubt hurt at the slight put upon him by

rn n i h n ot the Home Gove me t , repl ed, I s ould think it right to in terfere with the large discretion ” ft to d n an an n n . le you , decli ed to express y opi io

n a a n who had a Ge er l C mero , month or two before been urging the Governor to sen d for reinforce

n of men and a n ha the me ts , s yi g t t sub

' n of the n far oﬂ n w missio rebels ever seemed so , o expressed his intention of sendin g away one

n m a an d an h as n regime t i medi tely, ot er soo as

1 88 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LAND .

ei n n as as f un a i an th r dete tio , well or dert k ng y

a n on h h h e oper tio s w ic t ey might be employ d , ” ul o n wo d rest n his Excelle cy . Ultimately thi s Gordian knot was cut by f n u n f o n n resh i str ctio s rom the Home G ver me t , whi ch restored the decision of the time when the troops sho uld be sen t away to the discretion of the rn n n f a Gove or, the o ly perso who could orm correct opinion on political groun ds of the safety of the and who h n to ha n step , oug t ever ve bee

i of the f n n depr ved u ctio .

4. a f of all an d ha hi But the gre test eud , t t w ch ultimately gave the greatest triumph to the Gover nor was one h aract , whic directly involved the ch er for military skill and j udgment of the two dis utants and i h as the on e was and the p , wh c , , other had n a li a oﬂi cer a a e in bee , mi t ry , ssumed v ry teresting aspect . When General Cameron advan ced up the

a a he ft a in hi s a co st in Febru ry, le immedi tely re r , an d a i l h a a f ﬁ n a l tt e on his rig t ﬂ nk , orti ed tive

ah a l Wereroa a la e of p , c l ed , supposed to be p c

a n and a 00 gre t stre gth, occupied by bout 3 rebels .

was a of the rtan as not It post utmost impo ce , it 9 WEREROA PAH. 1 8

’ n an e h n al a h a o ly comm d d t e Ge er s re r , but t re t

en the of an an n a a e ed town W g ui , compelli g l rg

f a n ai e h an d n the orce to be m i t n d t ere , it kept ope only available lin e of road which the rebels had

n the sea- and an an betwee coast upper W g ui , where a large rebel force was still seeking the oppor

tun it of a n n an d wa y ttacki g the settleme t , s actually engaged in operation s against our n ative

a and n al f . n a h e e llies colo i orces The Ge er l , ow v r,

i n o h f th d d t like t e look o e pah. He wrote to the rn on the 28th an a Gove or J u ry,

I consider my for ce i nsuﬁici en t to attack so for

ida b e a wor k as the er a I w ul m l Wer oa p h. t o d be n ecessary to establish two posts to keep our commun ies tion o en with Wan anui an d we shou have t f p g , ld o urni sh

i for n i w ul escorts da ly co voys . Th s o d reduce my force to 00 or 800 men which wou n ot be su ﬂi 7 , ld cient to

rovi e for the rotec tion of the cam in such a countr p d p p y , and at the same time to carry on all the labori ou s opera tions of the sie e . n stea of men m g I d , y present avai a e force shou re uire Besi e l bl , I ld q d s , I shou n ot have a Sin e so ier eft in reserve ld gl ld l , an d if anythin g should happen in any other part of the settle ment it wou take aweek or ten a s to rem , ld d y ove all the i For he stores and rai se the s ege . t se reason s I do n ot i ntend to attack the ah but to cross the Waitotara p , , and i ” see what can be done on that s de . 1 90 THE WA R IN NE W ZEALA ND .

n a ul not a a ah the As the Ge er l wo d tt ck the p , Governor proposed to let the fri endly natives do

he to n a a n it writes Ge er l C mero ,

T i f hi ace and their frien s a out he nat ves o t s pl d , b

500 r n in all wi sh to be a owe to attack the st o g , ll d

oin inter Wereroa pah at Waitotara. Will their d g so r o eration s If not will ive them fere with you p , I g i am satisﬁe if the enter u on permi ssion to do t . I d y p

the wi n ot commit an acts of cru e t thi s task that y ll y l y, but will proceed in entire conformity wi th the rules of

civilized nation s .

n al had no fa in fri ndl The Ge er , who ith e y

at n ives , replies,

far from interferin with m o erations the So g y p , friendly natives will materially facilitate them by attack h c Mr ant ] ing the Wereroa pa whi h . M el afﬁrms they ‘ will take in little more time than they will req ui re to ’ am uite sure that w c march thither . I q e ould not take it in that off- han manner n or take it in an mann er d —, y n i era e oss that is su osin t without co s d bl l , pp g he natives

n it in earn est which there is n o reason t t defe d , o hink ” they will n ot do .

a few a aft And d ys er,

I was anx i ou s to hear what the fri endly natives are

e ect to hear that their su about . I xp pposed desire to

ck the Wereroa ah was all bounce atta p , though both

1 92 THE WA R IN NE W Z EA LAND . to me an excitable person entim devoid of common sense and sha i n wh tever in future to , I ll pay no attent o a ” hi s i Opin ons .

few a aft rwa e wr A d ys e rds, howev r , he ites more soberly,

The country north of Wanganui to the Patea can n ot be subdued without takin g possession of the Wereroa pah ; in deed I believe that the capture of that position i s all that is necessary to give u s possession of the whole countr etween the Kai - wi an d the atea for etw e y b i P , b e n the Waitotara an d the atea the countr is erfect o en P y p ly p ,

an d n ot ike to be efen e . wish therefore ou l ly d d d I , , y would inform me whether you consider the immediate possession of the Waitotara block of such consequence that you wish me to attack the Wereroa pah at on ce n ot wi thstanding the ri sk to whi ch I have referred ; or whether you wish me to continue my advan ce towards ” Taranaki .

The Governor an swers

have in our own corres on ence answere t e You y p d , d h q uestion whether or n ot I can wish you to attack the owever necessar mi ht t Wereroa pah at once . H y I g hin k he ca ture of the ah to be to revent wron im ression s t p p , p g p in the native min or to attain the im ortan t o ects d , p bj , which you have pointed out in your letter of the 1 7th t wou fo ow from the ca ture of that ah i t is in stan , ld ll p p ,

ui te im ossible or me to re uest ou to attackit at once q p f q y , ider our or when you. have told me that you cons y f ce in W EREROA PA H. 3

su ei en t to attack so ormida ble a work and tha n ter ﬁ f , t to e up on this task you wou ld require an availa ble force of two thousand men that the natives have rendered the

ah so formi a e a osition an d have at th p d bl p , e same time occu ie it i n uch stren th that it co p d s g , uld not be taken without seri ous oss uncom en sate an corres n l , p d by y po d in oss on the si e of the re e s who cou at an time g l d b l , ld y ni escape into the bush with impu ty . The other alterna tive resente to me must therefore necessari be the p d , — , , ly one that choo e viz. that ou shou continue ur I s , , y ld yo a vance t ar aranaki so far as the mean d ow ds T , s at your ” is d posal will admit.

The Gen eral n ow left the coast an d retired to

Auckland without havin g attempted to take the

ah. h n n was w p T e the co troversy rene ed, the

e n wr n on the 1 9th Ma Gov r or iti g y,

I have said that I have n ot taken so gloomy a view of the state of affairs as you appear to have recently

e ieve that ar e num ers of natives w r done . I b l l g b e e pre pared to submit to the Government . I think that they have in some measure been led to pau se in this intention from what has taken ace in re ar to the Wereroa ah pl g d p , an d the rumours which have for the last two months been circulated of the intended withdrawal of the troops ; but I still think much may shortly be done to bring a i n of man of their m bout the submiss o y leading en . My own view of the course whi ch ought to be taken in the resent circumstances of the countr i s tha p y , t a 1 3 1 94 THE WAR IN NEW ZEAL A ND .

suﬂicient force should be collected with the least delay racti a e take the Wereroa ah in such a man ner p c bl , to p as if ossi e to secure a marked and eci ed success , p bl , d d n our art that the oca overnment shoul then o p ; l l g d ,

occu in as it woul an a van ta eou s osition atte m t py g d d g p , p to come to terms with the ea in re e chi efs whi ch l d g b l , I

e ieve it co s i do an d that then as a cou se b l uld peed ly , q uenco naturally and properly following the paciﬁcation of the countr the ro osed re uction of the troo s y , p p d p i u The n should be promptly carr ed o t . colo y havin g in the in terim made such arrangements as it thi n ks necessary for rai sing additi onal local forces to take the b n h m In place of the troops whi ch are to e se t o e . thi s way I think effect might safely be given to the instruo ’ m nt tions of her Maj esty s Govern e .

n al a n To this, Ge er C mero replies ,

’ In regard to your Excellency s proposal to collect with as little delay as possible a sufﬁcient force to take

Werer a ah mu st inform our Ex ce n tha the o p , I y lle cy t I consider it impossible to take that position by any formal

eration in such a manner as our E wi shes op y xcellency ,

viz. so as to secure a marke and eci succes s , d d ded , in ﬂictin a ar e oss on the enem and su stainin g l g l y, g s v but a triﬂing loss our el es . I believe that in an y orma attack on this osition which it t b re f l p , ( mu s e m ere canno be s urroun e and fr me b d t d d, om which the

atives can effect their esca e at an moment our os s n p y , ) l

wou most ro a be heavier much heavier erha s ld p b bly , , p p ,

th that of the enem and that un er uch cir an y ; , d s cum

1 96 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL A ND .

in t m ini ns desires coul d be obta ed . I sta ed y op o fully on this su ect in m ast etter and e res se m bj y l l , xp d y rea i ness to attack the osition if after the e ression d p , xp

of those o inions ou thou ht ro er to instruct me to p , y g p p

un rta r de ke the ope ation .

As our E ce enc however stil conﬁnes ourse f y x ll y, , l y l to the expression of Opinions in which I ﬁn d it impos

si e to concur and eaves the ecision of the uestion bl , l d q to me mu st e ercise m own u ment as to the time , I x y j dg and manner of gettin g possession of the place ; an d I sha not w m se f to be inﬂuence remarks how ll allo y l d by ,

ever is ara in to un ertake an o eration for the d p g g, d p

su ccess of whi ch a on e am res on si e in a manner , I l p bl ,

r whi ch I do not fully app ove . Un er an circumstances consi er that the ca d y , I d p ture of the Wereroa ah at the resent moment i s n ot p , p , of sufﬁcient importance to ju stify the detention of the

who e force in the co on after the in struction s r i l l y , ece ved ’ from her a est m M j y s Govern ent .

Remembering all that the General had said about n ot being able to attack Wereroa with less

han men and a he was no a t , th t w t Auck

an n his e f a l d expecti g r lie , these l st quoted letters clearly amounted to a positive refusal to attack

the pah.

The Govern or n ow applied to Brigadi er- Gen e

ral a had n f W ddy, who bee le t in command on the W ERER OA PA H. 1 97

as to n h n n s n co t , k ow whet er the i structio u der which he was acting would permit of his investin g Wereroa and to carry on operations for its re duction General Waddy replied I cann ot un dertake this operation unless I receive the orders f ” o Gen eral Cameron . The Governor at last determin ed to take f the matter in hand himsel . He got together a scratch force consisting of 309 friendly n atives (the same whose boun ce Gen eral

n had 1 39 a Camero derided) , (coloni l) Forest

an and n - ﬁve an a u a a in R gers , twe ty W g n i C v lry ,

a n all 473. He persu ded Ge eral Waddy to lend

’ 400 n ot him Queen s troops, to take part in the a n to a ad in Oper tio s, but p r e front of the

ah in terrorem of the n h p e emy, like C in ese w n n h the n a f oode gu s , w ile colo i l orces attacked

’ ah. 200 r of the n the p , howeve , Quee s troops

nl a and rn n n a o y rrived , the Gove or i ge iously dded to their apparent n umber by leaving the tents

f nd n of the colonial orce sta i g . He then despatched

G en eral Cameron denies that he had given any instructions n n eral Wa fr in Possi l it whi ch would preve t Ge ddy om act g. b y f instruction s t at the la r r ferr was the absence o h tte e ed to . See

A . No . 4 A . . s . 0. P. P. 1 865 , p 1 9 WA IN NE W 8 THE R ZEAL AND .

na n n n and n a f n the tive co ti ge t colo i l orce , u der Major Rookes and Major McDonell (both of the

a f an difﬁ h a loc l orces) by extremely cult bus tr ck ,

v a n in a of a n o er precipitous cou try , deluge r i , to attempt the capture of an outlying redoubt in the

of d an n the ah rear an comm di g p . The service was a a f a r f most g ll ntly per ormed, with the c ptu e o ﬁfty prisoners (a contingent of rebels who were

n the ah and the comi g to relieve p ) , without loss

The ah of a life on our side . p was now n o longer

na and a few h the n te ble , in ours rebels were see

in of -it - to be hurry g out pell mell . There was

n one h h h a an o ly route by w ic t ey could esc pe , d

’ had that been stopped by the Queen s troops not

a man l a a . wi n cou d h ve esc ped O g, however, to

not on the not a ai a fo their being spot , or v l ble r

a u the a off i h comb tive p rposes , M ories got w t out

n n n th loss . The ext mor i g e little force of n atives and n al n a a ah colo i troops e tered the ev cu ted p , which had been the subject of so much contro vers on a and n in h ﬁ y p per so little co ﬂict t e eld . ‘ The l a n a two who e oper tio s occupied b rely days .

See Corres on en ce etween Gre an d Cameron an te p d b y , , and

r r a ers C. P. P. 1 865 A . No 7 We e oa p p , , . .

THE WA R IN NE W 200 ZEAL A ND .

(as the Governor remarked) not be very en cou

a n the di s n him r gi g to sol er serving u der . Immediately after General Cameron left for

A an n a r ha ar uckl d , Colo el W r e seems to ve st ted

on his n a h th i n to expeditio , m rc ed wi out opposit o

a place twenty - ﬁve miles from Waigongoro (Gen e

’ ral a n a a h he was C mero s dv nced post) , w ere met

n e a of the 50th im n and the by Colo l We re reg e t , lin e of coast from Taran aki to Wanganui open ed f end end h the of a man or an rom to , wit out loss ,

n n in the h h in e emy see , except t ree skirmis es the months of Jan uary and March already re corded .

ne of n en n ui 6 . Two other bo s co t tio req re n otice as they have a very serious bearin g on the

n a a n a a public service . Ge er l C mero ppe rs to have corresponded with the authorities at the

ar ﬂi ce a h an d a the W O by desp tc es priv te letters , contents of which he n ever showed to the

n h h he a in h ha f Gover or, t oug m de t em c rges o the most serious character against him and the

n n h n the a Colonial Gover me t . W e qu rrel be

h t and n and the n a came o ope , Gover or c lled on the General to give himcopies of these despatches DISP UTE ARoUT PRIVA TE LETTERS. 201 in as he a had a him be which , s id, he tr duced hin d his back he distinctly and positively refused to do so and the Govern or found himself in the position of havin g to reply to the repeated censure of the Colonial Oﬂi ce without having seen a line of the documen ts by which his con duct had been

n ne can a v ha impug ed . O sc rcely belie e t t such nu -English practice would be tolerated b—y two departments of the Imperial Government the War Ofﬁce an d Colonial Ofﬁce but the perusal of a n ot n a was these p pers o ly shows th t it so ,

n a but apparently that Lord de Grey a d Mr . C rd well thought it was the proper thing to encourage .

’ The Govern or s complain ts of it are very bitter and j ustly so ; though I should have felt more sympathy for him had I n ot myself repeatedly

' ff and n suﬂer at an a su ered see others his h ds , by

a a n n simil r pr ctice , in his correspo de ce with the

n n n his a Home Gover me t , whe qu rrels were with the n a n r a l n Colo i l Mi ist y or priv te co o ists . The remaining topic of dispute to which I

’ f was the n a n of will re er, Gover or s public tio the

n n n the a an d h f correspo de ce betwee Gener l imsel , and its communication by him to his Ministry 202 THE WA R IN NE W E L Z A AND .

and the al a a n n Coloni P rli me t . U til the mi ddle

’ of i 1 865 all Apr l , , Sir George Grey s and General

’ am n ac on li n C ero s letters to e h other , pub c a d

oﬂicial a few h as the subjects, except very , suc

of n a n t n f reports e g geme ts, re ur s o killed and

n and the n ar wou ded . like , comme ced My de

n al and a ir h Ge er My de r S George . T ough in h f h w a a Oﬂi cial t is orm , t ey ere pr ctic lly letters ,

and the rn n a if not al a h Gove or ge er lly, w ys, s owed

h to in e h n th G n t em his M ist rs . W e e overnor a d

n al a the rn a h Ge er qu rrelled, Gove or g ve t ese

his n h a f the letters to Mi isters , t ey were l id be ore ’ ” A se his n an n s mbly by Excelle cy s comm d , a d

n in a n a n r a pri ted volumi ous p rliame ta y p per . Gen eral Cameron was so indignant when he foun d out that his letters had been shown to the Colonial

ni ha n off at a a the Mi stry, t t he se t , gre t cost to

an a to r ar i public , express ste mer Melbou ne , c ry ng a supplementary mail containin g his complaints

’ her to Majesty s Government on the subject .

n out a n a a n It tur ed , however , th t Ge er l C mero

had a a n f of lre dy se t, rom time to time , copies his private letters to the War Ofﬁce ; and the Governor justiﬁed the course he had pursued on

E W N EW 204 TH A R I N ZEAL AND.

ma a l a s re rk b e St te Paper . There were beside

h s r a n of ar a n e t e e impo t nt grou ds qu rel , doze mor

' or less material diﬂerences ; but they have no particular interest except as showing a state of

s n two h h n n n art di cord betwee the ig co te di g p ies ,

of the and utterly subversive public service , most

fa of n Of tal to the prospect good governme t . the ton e and style of the correspondence I shall

sa y little ; it must be perused to be appreciated . My dear Sir George and My dear Gen eral

a a f a and al ran dis ppe r rom its p ges , the rec cit t

' writers become the most formal of obedien t

h are of servants . Suc expression s as these frequent occurrence I deny your right to traduce me behind my back It is not true

If h to a ou a I wis ed tr duce y behind your b ck , I had only to follow your own example Your unwarranted statements Your misre

n a n of fa of the an prese t tio s ct , some most import t of which you have omitted Your proceedings are calculated to undermin e the disciplin e of the forces I regret to be unable to perceive that your proceedings were guided by a sen se of public — ’ duty till at last the Govern or s private secre RESUL TS OF QUARREL TO THE COL ON Y . 205 tary is foun d returning to the military secretary a

’

of the n al a in a if . A . letter Ge er s , st t g th t Sir D Cameron will be good enough to put it into more

a and min an a hi s n i usu l beco g l gu ge, Excelle cy w ll ” n o t in in h the a lose ime reply g to it , whic milit ry secretary on the part of the Gen eral refuses to do . I have n ot raked the ashes of this unhappy quarrel for the purpose of disparaging two able ” and n n who in n an disti guished perso s , , E gl d , are ha n a supposed to ve do e the St te some service ,

a n h a h r the but bec use , u der t ose s es lie bu ied best

n of h n are a i terests t e colo y . We expected to p y

40l. per man for troops which march at the rate

of a il a da and h n al ha m e y, w ose Ge er tells us t t

500 of h an 200 a an d t em c be stopped by M ories , that it is useless to let them follow their en emies to the bush ! When we complain we are

A a n den ounced as un grateful . g in you se d us your able and distinguished men ; we can n ot get on with them we are denounced as imprac

n . l a a ticable colo ists We rep y, Re d this St te

h n who Paper ; you will t e see is impracticable . If you wish to know what sort of man a captain 206 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LA ND .

- f a him on his ar . In o ship is , see qu ter deck these State Papers you may see two of your great

- - a a a a h on own art . l nd c pt ins , e c his qu er deck But perhaps the most unsatisfactory thing

' n h h diﬂerences the con ected wit t ese serious , is

n in h h h of ma ner w ic t ey are disposed by Mr . " n e Cardwell . O would at least have expected from him some positive decision and some deﬁni te

n If n ﬁ in actio . Ge eral Cameron were justi ed chargmg Governor Grey with deliberately involv in in f h li h the n a and g us resh osti ties wit tives ,

’ using her Majesty s forces in support of an

n ha n hm n i iquitous job , w t pu is e t could be too

for n ? If on the h han severe such co duct , ot er d , General Cameron had made such charges reck

and h f and had all lessly wit out proo , owed his

a a n as the n milit ry ctio , Gover or implies, to be

n f his a w at sen i ter ered with by politic l views , h

n u t h a te ce co ld be oo eavy for him Mr . C rdwell

n r h h a and f a e ti ely s irks t is pl in ormid ble issue , and disposes of the difference as if it was a mere

a of n n on a n of x edi m tter Opi io poi t e p ency,

Des atc of 26th ul 1 865 No. 50. p h J y, ,

IN N 208 THE WAR E W ZEA L AND .

’ - h- a n on al Single speec H milto s book politic logic , to en able an oﬁcial writer to evade giving a deci

n on i n The sio a troublesome or d ﬂi cult questio .

h of far h n n subject , owever, is too muc co seque ce

not to be shelved in this summary mann er . It is the oﬂi cial regime of the public service whi ch is

a ss at a . n is the re l i ue st ke The questio , who is to bear the responsibility of having prolonged the

a a ar and n e l s New Ze l nd W , re d red utter y useles the enormous expen diture incurred by the Home and n a has not Colonial Governme ts . Mr . C rdwell thought it n ecessary to look at the question at all from this point of view ; but it is hoped that if the subject is brought before the House of

n the of n and of the Commo s, interests the colo y

English tax -payer will be taken into considera

an d not the of two tion , merely interests the

n a t n or the of the Governme t dep r me ts, merits two able and distin guished men who have been en gaged in this most discreditable an d ’ na unfortu te controversy .

See A en ix no pp d , te B . ! CHAPTER IV.

Wan ganui Ri ver and I—n teri or Gall ant Behaviour of frien dly Natives at Ohoutai Capt—ure of Pehi an d eighty—Rebels Pehi released by Govem or Join s the Rebels agai n Captai n ’ — Brassey s brave Defen ce of Pipiriki Govern or t—hrows away Advantages by i ssui ng a foolish Prod amaﬁom Murder of K i eret an Mr r n . d . B oughto

HAVE n ow am a sa I , I gl d to y, completed the

Of i a a n and record dilatory mil t ry oper tio s , vigorous contentions between the able and di stinguished men whose ofﬁce it was to direct and conduct h t em . What remain s to be told is of a much

a fa ha a e an d as a ar more s tis ctory c r ct r, , reg rds milit y

' a n aﬁords all a a oper tio s , in respects most rem rk a h has n f ble contrast to w at go e be ore . Perhaps the most difﬁcult portion of New Zeal an d for military operation s is that through

h h h of the an a r w ic t e upper part W g nui iver ﬂows .

V a a n and the u h of an m u ai n olc nic ctio , r s m y o nt 1 4 ND 21 0 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL A .

a in one ha f a r a f 1 20 e stre ms , ve orced g e t cle t mil s

n h a - n a n n lo g , t rough rugged semi mou t i ous cou try , broken by inn umerable ravines runnin g at right

n th h a gles to e course ofthe main river . Where t ese

n a n cut the h i a a of mi or r vi es river , t ere w ll be delt a few a of n the n n n a cres level grou d , i terve i g sp ce between one delta an d an other bein g a solid wall of r n a a h n f h h pe pe dicul r rock sever l u dred eet ig , comman di ng from that height the course of the h T short river reac es below. he country is for the ar h h n f n a most p t clot ed wit de se orest, i terl ced

h a and vi n and th wit supplej cks es , slippery with e roots of huge trees which twist along the surface of he n an i r t grou d like gig t c se pents . The river

h h the n h n u h in w ic is o ly key to t is cou try, r s es broken foam in successive rapids over j agged rocks

- n and great boulder sto es . The natives when they

n h w a a h a and asce d it , t ro w y t eir p ddles , with great labour and an immen se amount of capstan ” n h f h an of a few n so gs , t ey orce t eir c oes i ches

h h the h n a Th draft t roug rus i g w ter . e navigation of the an anui n h n W g , is , I believe , the o ly t i g of

n of an a n in New al an the ki d y m g itude Ze d . It was up this river and into this countrythat

21 2 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND . n a m h lin e e r it . So e rebels aving crossed the were captured and sent back ; but they soon re-a a a n r n a n to ppe red in l rger umbe s, e de vouri g outﬂank al n a n n ra te the loy tives . The Ge e l Me

n s h n The Ki g gave order and the ﬁg ti g began .

ri a a ac was a Hi an o r p ncip l tt k led by Ho ni p g , bette

as n ll am of k a ault known Joh Wi i s , Puti i . The ss was ar on i h and the e c ried w t vigour, rebels wer

r n f ah ah at a e n out d ive rom p to p , till l st th y se t

’ F bi wif a. i t ﬂa . r e s e with wh e g O Ho i Kerei ,

her h n h out they heard crying, w e will lig t come

hen h ﬁ n n ofdarkness ? T t ey ceased ri g , a d white

t hi nd his ﬂags were run up at he rebel pah. Pe a

a ut un a and in n ﬁle people c me O rmed si gle , and agreed to go to Hihuarama (Jerusalem) as

ft n ﬁve n prisoners . Fi ee rebels were killed ; o ly

a n of the ﬁi endly n tives . But amo g them was

was f the ah h n John Williams , who shot rom p w e

n of the holding the adva ced post attack . From the earliest days of colonization he had been the ﬁrm friend of the colonists ; he was a Christian

a man of a an d a s an native , pe ce civilized h bit , d had just built himself a good eight - roomed house

u a on al a on the E rope n model , his v u ble property W N N C PA GN A GA UI AM I . 21 3

a 1 52 had in close to W nganui . In 8 he been

Englan d and been presented to the Queen . In

1 846 he had at a n a s a , gre t perso l ri k , rrested the murderers of the Gilﬁllan family at Wanganui

n h t h a of hi s h n o fa Whe s ot a the e d men e did t ll ,

al a a and was a n the but w ked quietly w y, t ke down

i an an h in a few a he r ver to W g ui , w ere d ys died , ll h respected and honoured by a w o kn ew him . He was buried with all the hon ours that could

s be be towed .

h the hi f a n s Pe i , rebel c e , now priso er, wa

a n an an t ken dow to W g ui . He was well known to be one of the most slippery and untrustworthy

in a the a h s Maories New Ze lan d . At s me time i

n n was a h the f i ﬂue ce very gre t wit rebel party . I there was a rebel livin g whom it would have been

in f was wise to keep sa e custody it Pehi . The

n h a di n his a s Gover or , owever, ccor g to usu l pr c tice of throwin g away by diplomacy what he gains

a n was sa ﬁ h hi s a n a h by ctio , tis ed wit t ki g the o t of allegiance and let him go up the river again

n n a n a an n ow writi g to Ge eral C mero , W ng ui is quite safe ; your mind may be at rest on that

n a sa ha f point . I eed sc rcely y t t be ore many 21 4 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND . weeks were over Pehi had broken his oath of

al a all hi s l a n an d legi nce , r ied peop e rou d him ,

a n of ar gon e ag i into the thick the w .

n at n was n I deed , the mome t he writi g, the Governor must have felt that Wanganui was not

af for at n n quite s e , he determined o ce to se d

f of n a and li a to i up a orce tive mi t ry settlers Pip riki , a strong position a few miles above the spot where

i n a n had a n a and h the nat ve e g geme ts t ke pl ce , whic if occupied would give us the permanent com

of as as off the on man d the river, well cut rebels the coast an d at Wereroa from all communica

th n f h tion with e i terior . Captain Brassey o t e ” n a f 250 ili ar t l colo i l orces , with M t y se t ers, 811 006 6 d in getting up the river and takin g

n of a a n and r h h possessio P r ki o Pipi iki , w ich e held without opposition till the removal h' om the river of the friendly native contingent which the

n had n for a a Wereroa ah as Gover or se t to tt ck p ,

h n i recorded in the last chapter . T e Peh and his

f who had a n a h o ollowers , so recently t ke the o t f

a an and n a n llegi ce , bee rele sed by the Gover or,

a ar in f and a a a a ppe ed orce , prep red to tt ck C ptain

a nd a n t Br ssey a his we ke ed post a Pipiriki . When

21 6 THE WA R IN NE W ZEALAND .

It must be admitted that Govern or Grey had ex hibited very considerable military skill ; and that the course he had taken in carrying on operations

and ni a f r h with friendly natives colo l o ces , whic

’ Gen eral Cameron had declin ed with the Queen s

r had n n sful . a t oops, been emi e tly succes As usu l ,

he w a a hi s en however, proceeded to thro w y by p

n his what he had wo by sword . Although the rebels on the coast and up the river had made no submi ssion (except the sham

mi n of h an d hi s f r h sub ssio Pe i ollowe s) , t ough they still held strong positions in the bush where

a n h d ai was s f Gene—ral C mero a s d it usele s to ollow them though not a soldier could straggle a. few hun dred yards from camp without being

h n n h h ha the m s ot dow , the Gover or t oug t t t ti e

had for hi s fa t an a a the come vouri e p ce , issue

n h n u a of an other Proclamatio . T is si g l r docu ment ann ounces to the n atives of New Zeal an d that the war which commenced at Oakura is at

an end.

The overnor it sa s took u arms to r G , y , p p otect the Euro ean sett ements from estruction and to ni p l d , pu sh those who refu sed to settle by peaceful means the diﬂi PEA OE PROUL A MA TION S. 21 7

culties which had arisen but resorte to vio ence and , d l , un e the r pl g d count y into war . Upon those tribes suﬁi cient punishment has been i

inﬂicted . Their war parties have been beaten their stron gholds captured ; and so much of their lands con ﬁscated as was thought necessary to deter them from a ain a a n g ppe li g to arms . The Governor hopes that the natives will n ow have seen that resistance to the law i s hopeless he proclaims

n eha f of the ueen that all who u to the r o b l Q , p p esent ’ time have een in arms a ain st her a est s authorit , b g M j y y wil never be rosecute for ast offences e ce tin on l p d p , x p g ly those who have been concerned in the murders of the

foll owing persons . C Q C t

The Govern or will take n o more lands on account

of the present war . A s re ar s the rison ers now in custo the g d p dy, Governor wi ll hold them un til it shall be seen whether

those who have been in arms return to peace . If they ” do so the risoners wi be set at i ert . , p ll l b y

The only effect this document was likely to have was to increase the contempt of the natives

u al a a the ar t for s. They w ys reg rd p y who makes the ﬁrst overtures of peace as beaten ; and must

a a and a h h ve been gre tly surprised encour ged, w en after our recent undoubted successes they foun d us in the position of what they would consider THE WA R IN NE W L 21 8 ZEA AND .

li an for The a supp ts peace . Governor asserted th t the war was t n h n ha was a an e d. T ey k ew t t it

and ha a ﬁ h a not , t t s it takes two to g t, it t kes two to make peace ; which they also knew they had

n o n n n of a n . h ai ha i te tio m ki g T ey s d , W t is the good of all these proclamation s This is the n n h h h th h At i t w ic e Governor as issued .

ﬁ u a our rst he told us we m st give up our rms,

s n and an h n was a per o s our l ds ; t e it , th t we must give up our lands and sign a declaration of alle

ian ce and now he a war and g ; s ys the is over, we n n hin and he ill a n o r eed give up ot g , w t ke mo e

an . The an a n of hin a a n l d m d ri s C , ccordi g to Sir

hn av to the ff of n n Jo D is , used try e ect gover me t

ama n h h n s a h by procl tio s . T e C i ese rebel c lled t em ” a h of one of h p per tigers . T ere is a story t ese dignitaries bein g foun d as our troops rushed to the a h of one of h f a n bre c t eir orts , compl ce tly

n a a a n on the a nf mi n sticki g procl m tio w ll , i or g the outside barbarians that it was trespass to come that way. The Maories have learn ed to

’ l on v n n ook Go er or Grey s proclamatio , much as our soldiers and sailors must have regarded

n h this warni g . Suc paper tigers only exes

HE W 220 T A R IN NE W Z EAL AND .

on a a nd n n en of the e st co st, a the inte ded pu ishm t

of the e and h rs . the murderers Rev . Mr. Volkn r ot e

h e had n and at T es murders bee committed by, the instigation of members of the very tribes with whom the ﬁrst proclamation declared the

war was n a ma e ded . There probably was not n

a n d not l in mo g them who di g ory the murders,

an d as few a aft ead they showed a d ys er, were r y

m saw to commit si ilar atrocities . Yet here they the Govern or holding out the olive -bran ch to

h on one a an d the on e . t em co st, sword the oth r

h h in It must ave puzzled t em exceed gly .

n the a n f n n Whe l test ews le t the colo y, Ge eral Chute was preparing an expedition to chastise the murderers with whom the proclamation had

“ just announ ced to all the natives in New ” n o at war. Zealand, we were longer And this brings me to the last stage of the

ar a ai n b n f w , the c mp g y the colo ial orces at

and a a Opotiki the e st co st . 221

CHAPTER !V.

— ' — V r Mur Campai gn on East Coast Murder —of Rev. C. S. olkh e f l ni al Force an d Native der o Mr. Fulloon and others Co o Conti ngent sent to punish the Murderers G reat Su ccesses — ' —Evacuation of Pukemaire Stor—mmg of Hungahun gatoroa Fi ve hun dred Prison ers taken G allant A cti on between h Ar n l n t e awas a d Rebe s ear Matata.

THE origin of the hostilities of 1 865 on the East

w s the of the . . . Volkn er Coast a murder Rev C S ,

n a Of the h h of n an a missio ry C urc E gl d , by a

The sad al ha party of Hau Hau fanatics . t e s been so often related that I shall give it a very brief space in my n arrative .

olkn r was a an th and a Mr . V e Prussi by bir

a to New Lutheran by profession . He c me Zea

n i nn wi h a a r la d n co ection t H mbu g society,

n n the n h h but subseque tly joi ed E glis Churc ,

W a of a a and was ordained by Bishop illi ms W i pu . THE WA R N NE W EA L 222 I Z AND .

He was a man of remarkable simplicity of cha

racter of n - n and , the most si gle mi ded devoted

and an n an d in piety, extremely co cili atory k dly

n . had n ﬁve dispositio He bee placed , or six

ars a o at k in the a of the ye g , Opoti i , lower p rt

Ba of n a n of s y Ple ty, mo g some the rudest tribe

in a an had had or n o n New Ze l d, who little i ter

an and no li in struc course with Europe s, re gious

a hi tion . He gradu lly won s way among them till he had gathered a con siderable body of converts

n him a a n of the arou d , who g ve outw rd evide ce effect of his teaching by building him a compa

rativel an h an d n h yh dsome c urch dwelli g ouse .

n war a a and the Whe the broke out in W ik to , East Coast tribes were gettin g implicated in it

n n n n n . Volkn er by se di g co ti ge ts to it , Mr was put under temporary arrest by some of the more

n of his was l a aft viole t people , but re e sed er some

n a a h lf of n weeks, whe he v iled imse the Opportu ity

of a n . Volkner to u an h he t ki g Mrs A ckl d , w ere , h a a rt hi f owever, rem ined very sho time msel . Notwithstandi ng the rude treatment he had

n n already received, othi g could persuade him that he was in any danger ; and during the

W 224 THE A R IN NEW ZEA LAND .

Mr. lk u nse e u . The r V s spe ns ed next mo ning, o ner busied himself in kind oﬂi ces among his

and e m ns people , ex cuted so e little commissio which he had undertaken at Auckland . I could not help n oticin g the calmness of his manner and ” a fu ha was on his fa s the be uti l smile t t ce , write

an n . a . 2 P. M. his comp io , Mr Gr ce About , some twenty armed men came to the house where they

an d aft f n n out were , er per ormi g some ceremo ies

al Mr . Vol h and a a side , c led k er out , took him w y ,

n in his an n h ul n ot locki g comp io , whom t ey wo d

h m n ﬁ to allow to accompany i . He was take rst his own h his a and a tc at church , w ere co t w is o

a n f and h n h him were t ke rom him , t e t ey led a a a w - at a li di an he w y to illow tree ttle st ce , w re they had rigged up a block and tackle which they got from the schooner . He kn ew now

ha h an and a d for to w t t ey me t , ske time pray .

ft a few nu he and ai A er mi tes rose up , s d , I ” am a he was ha n re dy . While s ki g hands with

of his n nt n to his a h a some people (co se i g de t ) ,

was n n and he wa r rope throw over his eck , s un

an arm of up to the tree. There he hung for an h h n the him n our, w e y cut dow . They then cut V OL KNER . 225 M ER OF R U. S. V URD E . off a and a a a a Kereo e his he d, s v ge , c lled p , tore ou an t his eyes and swallowed them . They dr k

and a h fa wi . m his blood , sme red t eir ces th it So e

a in h m n of his old hi ende took p rt t is . The wo e

and am for as were the worst , scr bled his blood h it dripped on the groun d . His body was t en

hr and was a n t own to the dogs the pigs , but t ke a a f h and aft wa r Ca w y rom t em , er rds bu ied by p

n s a tain Levy an d some of the ative . Mr . Gr ce

ain in n r da to rem ed captivity, expecti g eve y y be

a the l 6th of a h n . . . his l st , till M rch , w e H M S

Ecli se h n a off a ain p avi g rrived the river, C pt Levy, at n n of own f and immi e t risk his li e property, got him n hi s a and off to the m i to bo t, pulled him an

- ‘ of war.

An attempt was made by sending a man - of

’ war to a . Volkner s u c pture Mr m rderers , but

s and n h n fu h was n without uccess , ot i g rt er do e at

the m . the 22nd of . Fulloo ti e On July, Mr n, a

a f- a n m rv h l c ste i terpreter in the Govern ent se ice ,

’ Grace s ournal C. P. P. 1 865 A . No . 5 . See also Mr . j . , very i les on the Pai Marire su erstition an i nteresting ar t c p , by An ny ’ C a lain in Good Words an d Frazer s Ma azine Octo er h p g , b ,

1 865 . 226 THE WA R IN NEW ZEAL AND .

’ very highly connected on the mother s side with the a a n a n in a a l h n r E st Co st tives , we t sm l sc oo e

n to the a an an belo ging n tives , but comm ded by

an and w an n l h to a a Europe , ith E g is crew, W k tune a few e ﬁ' om w ol m r , mil s Opotiki , here Mr . V k e had n of n a who bee murdered . A party tives, avowed themselves to have been sent by the Hau

Hans a and a a , bo rded the vessel, b rb rously mur

Full o n hi rth d il d . o n i s an h n dered Mr be , t e k le the captain an d crew ; after which they burn ed the

s . h a . A . . h a a ves el T ey sp red Mr H W ite , tr der,

and one ha f- a bo who a the l c ste y, esc ped to tell

tale . The instructions which the Govern or had re

ceived f a his in rom Mr . C rdwell prohibited employ g the Imperial troops on any new military opera

n n h in h h a a tio s, beyo d t ose w ich t ey were lre dy

n The al f at e gaged . loc orces were too busy Wanganui and elsewhere to be spared till after

f l of Wereroa and f of i . the al , relie Pip riki Imme

atel af h n a n f di y ter t ose eve ts , however, stro g orce

n a s n a a s an d of Colo i l troop u der M jor Br s ey , ﬁi endly native contingent under Major MoDo

n and h oﬂicers who had n sh ell, ot er disti gui ed

22 8 THE WAR IN NE W ZEA LAND .

a of n h h h ide the way i w ich t ey did t eir work , I will extract from the papers most recen tly arrived f the n a n of the a Of rom colo y , the ccou t c pture

Pukemai re and Hun ahun atoroa ah a s g g p s , pl ce apparently Of at least equal stren gth of any which

’ had been captured by the Queen s troops in Wai

a an d in n n all a n k to , a cou try beyo d comp riso diﬂi more cult for military operation s . It had been ascertain ed that a large force of rebels were intrenched at Pukemaire pah n ear

ai a d an h of k and n a W pu , some ist ce sout Opoti i , e r the a a A n of the k f E st C pe . portio Opoti i orce was n n On an n an a se t dow by sea. l di g immedi te

n was n on assault o Pukemaire pah determi ed . It

a a of n n h an d proved to be pl ce imme se stre gt ,

n n f The a h was defe ded by a stro g orce . we t er

n e n and the a n n in most i cl me t , r i poured dow

A a a n n torrents . sm ll p rty u der Lieute ant Biggs

ot to the r f n of the ah and a Of g up ve y e ce p , sort han d - to - han d ﬁght through it took place in which the n atives appear to have lost at least twenty

One was n two . At as killed , while our loss o ly l t ,

am n fa and nan however , mu ition iled , Lieute t Biggs

ff his a and t ne drew o p rty re ur d to camp . EAST COA ST CAMPAIGN . 229

Three days Of very heavy rain succeeded the

n of the to a n n an h retur troops c mp, re deri g ot er expedition impossible but the interval was em

in n n fa n f and all ployed co structi g sci es, uses ,

t of m n n for the n n a a sor s i i g tools i te ded tt ck ,

h h was ﬁ a h n for n a w ic xed, we t er permitti g, Mo d y ,

9th. On the n h of n a the 8th Ca the ig t Su d y, , p

a n Westru and n n h the t i pp E sig Ross , wit Forest

’ an a h f a at R gers, m rc ed rom c mp eleven O clock ,

an d n n h at an Old ah a spe t the ig t Tiki Tiki , p bout

f ir f a i h n hal a mile from Pukema e . Be ore d yl g t o Monday they were up un der the pah in skir

n r ha n o t n was mishi g order . Surp ised t t re ur

a to the i al a n of the n n m de pol te s ut tio s mor i g ,

and n no a a an of f n the seei g ppe r ce li e , they e tered

ah and f n a a h n n Of p ou d it ev cu ted , but s owi g sig s

n n was n quite rece t occupatio . It subseque tly kn own that a woman who escaped from pah Te Hatepe on the previous night had apprised them of the inten tion of the troops to assault the pah

n ha n n . Al h n o t t mor i g thoug stro g in number ,

nd in a ah a a the of a p lmost impregn ble , loss Te Whini had so demoralized them that they were

h a an and as f n seized wit p ic ﬂed . No loot w ou d 2 THE WAR IN E W 30 N ZEAL AND. in ah the a a na who the p except by Tup ro tives , , ac n a a n n nf a n a box ti g pp re tly upo i orm tio , dug up in an an Of to n ain gle the works , supposed co t m an d a a f destruc eris other v lu bles . The work o

n n o n tio w comme ced . Whares and fencin g were

n and r i the n of h ig ited, , ve y speed ly , stro ghold t e

n was e h the un e emy levell d wit gro d .

o far a not S , the old t le , but so the sequel ; for a a the and n a a n , h ving m rched up hill dow g i , it was determined that the Pai Marire should n ot

n ha the a h at the n lo g ve l ug troops . Accordi gly , n e n a l two a in xt mor ing e r y, bodies st rted pur

. nan n suit Lieute t Biggs , with thirty volu teers f and the il ar rom his own corps m it y settlers, sub sequently join ed by nin ety Tuparoa n atives under the f Ro ata and B ne and t n f chie s p Te ote , e rom

H the n a h ate e a . Te p , st rted by i l nd route Wit ” r f en o n a a corres on e er ce t the volu teers , s ys p d n was not so h n n as a ﬁ e t , it muc volu teeri g ght for who should go . I guessed pretty well the

n the the men in result , seei g spirits were . As

n as had a a a wi soo Biggs st rted, M jor Fr ser, th

an and a n f about sixty Europe s, the s me umber O

un M na a bv a n atives der oke , st rted the co st with

232 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

some horsemen were seen to cross the river from

m n are a. A h of the e Horoer bout t is time , some

ai to a a the n the an s d h ve sked , u d—er circumst ces , not nr a na n h are u e so ble questio , W ere we to sleep to - night Upon which Lieutenan t Biggs

ha n the ah a a an d is reported to ve poi ted to p he d , said that they had to make quarters for them

v h The hi n 1 00 a sel es t ere . troops got wit y rds

of the ai n a f n n a k g be ore they were see but, i ste d

Of n the n the n who disputi g grou d , e emy, seemed

in n a f the in a saw to be co sider ble orce , st nt they

a a n f ran as ha as h in the ss ili g orce , rd t ey could

the n of a r n ah f h on n a directio st o g p urt er , Hu g

hun atoroa. h f a a g T ey were ollowed bout mile , but their swiftn ess of foot far exceeded that of the troops who had just completed a severe march ; so the men return ed and made them

n as for h selves as s ug possible t e n ight .

At A M. n n a n n th 2 . ext (Wed esd y) mor i g e

men a a n on the a h f th were g i m rc , to ollow up e

n in the n o n ahun atoro On e emy directio f Hu g g a.

wa a r h the y spirited ski mi s took place . Just

af a h the a a a a in h n a ter d ylig t , K w K w be g t e bout

h n a a a t a in h two miles be i d, l rge p r y c me sig t , E AST COA ST CAMPAIGN . 233 and n of It disputed every crossi g the river . ( had n o han n n to be crossed less t i e times .) It was of n o w h use , ho ever ; t ey were speedily

n the and a of the men drive by coolness cour ge , on to the a ah a a h l rge p he d , to which t ey were

f the closely ollowed up by troops . Meanwhile

Ma or a a at a a a a h j Fr ser rrived K w K w , wit out hav n n n h i g see a en emy . He t en received a n ote fr m t nan a n a had o Lieu e t Biggs, st ti g th t he at

a the a a da and was t cked H us H us the previous y,

n ow f Th ollowing them up the river. e major

a ne at a a a a ndi n on a n rem i d K w K w , se g messe ger

to a h an n if st te t at assist ce would be se t required .

n the a n a ah Followi g up retre ti g p rty to this p ,

n a on the to of a hi l stro gly situ ted —p l , two sides of which are precipitous about eight miles dis

an f a awa . an d ar h t t rom Kaw K , Mr Biggs p ty alted

h n n 1 50 a Of f n of an w e withi y rds the ro t it , d

n ﬁre h h was for a n ope ed , w ic kept up co siderable

ha of time . Finding t t the process reduction was

ha at a Mr . likely to be somew t tedious this r te ,

k and n n n a a Tu e i e volu teers , ccomp nied by some

f n i a a rie dl es , settled the m tter by very plucky thi ng By scaling one of the precipitous sides of 2 TH W IN N W 34 E A R E ZEA L A ND . the hil in n hi s at l , doi g—w ch they risked their live every move—ment a false step would have been d ru n a he a t h n an d est ctio they re c d posi ion be i d, partially overlooking the in terior of the pah . The garri son was only made aware of the fact when a plun ging ﬁre from the rear began to make havoc in h an s and n he at t eir r k , were very much asto is d a f a had i The e t which they deemed mpossible . Ab ﬁre became very severe from this point . out

’ l i u n an a n twelve o clock , e te t Biggs, cti g , it is

un n n fr oﬁcer com supposed, der i structio s om the

an n n a n a n h in m di g, ope ed egoti tio wit the people — ' the pah oﬂeii ng to spare all who would give up

h r a and a n all an the t ei rms, ck owledge egi ce to

n . r n a to a f w Quee A cu ious sce e is s id h ve ollo ed . The East Coast n atives (Ngatiporou ) began to haul up the white ﬂag while the Taran akis (Ngati tohea of h ﬁf ) , whom t ere were ty or sixty, vigorously opposed the attempt -the dispute between the

two a a a in to run h . a aft p rties ppe r g igh At l st, er

th a of an h of the a e l pse our, some E st Cape

a the ah and the people bre ched p , expressed will ingness of the whole of them to accept the terms

ff . Taran akis n a h o ered The , seei g this , bre c ed

T 236 HE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

and that with such men to show the way it could n o longer be pronounced useless to follow the th h rebels to e bus . What the rebels themselves thought of it may be gathered from the following statement of on e of the force

From information received from Hau Hau prisoners I ﬁn d that the moral effect of the active measures taken

i t th m h start in h h aga n s e as been l g . T ey ave lost all

faith in their ima ine invu nera i it and have a most g d l b l y, ‘ ’ m r f wholeso e d ead o the long bullet . They have a great amount of fear and respect for the men who can

u se the riﬂe with s uch effect and who are rea to meet , dy them in the bush or to assail them in their much a v unted stron gholds . They ackn owledge to have been fair eaten man to man without the aid of the u ly b , , — p re o cann on she s rockets &c . eaten in the u sh p ( ) ll , , b b ,

eaten in the o en and eaten at ah ﬁ htin . venture b p , b p g g I to say it will be a very long time before any of the same men take u arms a ain st us in fact such is their ra e p g , g and di sgust that they express themselves as anxious ly wi shi ng to j oin th—e Europeans in attackin g the Hau Haus at Tauran ga to get utu (paymen t) out of the fa e ro hets wh a s ls p p o h ve o egregiou sly fooled them. A lesson has in deed been taught the rebels which will

' have a sa utar eﬂect all over the i n The rom t l y sla d . p p an d decisive manner in which they have been foll owed up from place to place by a small body of determined EA ST COAST CA MPAIGN . 237

men has on e more to isor an ise and emora ise them , d d g d l than the slow advance of a large army with all the pomp ” an d circumstan ce of war .

Almost at the same time as these events were

h nd of Ba of n going on at the sout e the y Ple ty,

r al the A a a . . a a ou lies r w s led by Mr W M ir ,

n and nt a a of the colo ist reside m gistr te district ,

fea n the Hans Hans h h a were de ti g , wit e vy loss

n d the a of a of h n a c pture upw rds eig ty priso ers .

On the 1 2th in stant the Hau s Hau s evac uated their osition at atata an d rocee e towar s Te p M , p d d d

eko where the took u their uarters . The rawas T , y p q A ,

m i the re i en t i t Mr air acco an e s ma s rate . p d by d g , M ,

fo owe on their track an d arrive at Te k on ll d , d Te o

ues a the 1 th instant where the foun Te a T d y , 7 , y d U

r r strongly encamped . NO othe mean s p esenting them

se ves to take the ah than sa in the comm t l p by pp g, y enced a W t A P M. on n a th r once o drive . t 3 . ed esd y e ebels asked

r a truce and had twent -four hours nte t fo y gra d o them.

On the 1 9th at noon ﬁ htin commence an d ere i ht g g d , n g fall Ngatikapakio had effected a lodgment within a short

distance of the ah whi ch effectua l cut off all commun i p , l y

h ri r heav ﬁre w cation wit the ve . A y as sustained on im At four in t both sides the whole t e . he morn in g of

n a the 20th the Pai Mariries seein all their Su d y, , , g

esca cut off aske for a truce to treat for mean s of pe , d

T n rm ran r terms of peace . he o ly te s g ted we e uncon

ditional surren der. 238 THE WAR IN NE W ZEAL AND .

At seven the same mornin the marche out an d g, y d

ave u their arms . To Us the ro het and g p , p p , ht the men im icate in th ti es eig of pl d e atroci of Mr . ’ Fulloo s mur er are in char e of he rawa o ice n d , g t A p l

the rest some ﬁft -four men are in the cust of th , y , ody e hi s im rtan t Ar awa tribe . T po victory will be a most ci iv w in h P ar r de s e blo aga st t e ai M i e party . It is

re orte that Kereo a is to be iven u eit er to p d p g p, h ” r was Majo Stapp or the Ara .

240 THE WA R IN N EW ZEA LA ND .

n in 1 5 did colo y by Parliament 8 2 . But they n ot n a n res on n ecess rily i clude p sible gover ment , which means that the Governor is bound to act on the advice of his ministers substantially as her a at was M jesty does home . This, however, added by arrangement between Governor Brown e and in 1 856 nﬁ the Im the Assembly , co rmed by

r a n n as a li a pe i l Gover me t, reg rded every po tic l

n ex ce t native a airs h d i terest p ﬁ . T ose were reserve with the utmost jealousy in the hands of the Governor ; and though he might consult his

in n he was not n to a e m isters upo them , bou d t k

h a vi n d he h a of a v rs t eir d ce , a ad nother set d ise in hi s n ative secretary and other oﬁi cers of the

a e art n ho in no wa n d N tiv Dep me t, w were yco trolle

the In out by colonists or their Assembly . two of the three most important question s which ’ a n n a n a n rose duri g Gover or Browne s dmi istr tio , he refused the advice of his responsible ministers and acted either on his own opinion or that of his n ative secretary .

n rn a in Whe Gove or Grey rrived September,

1 861 to the rn n a n , he wrote Home Gove me t , st ti g that this system of double government was alto RESP ONSIB L E G OVERNMEN T. 241

a a and a an gether impr ctic ble , he rr ged with his then mi nistry to carry on the Government un der

h a n Pra ti t eir dvice as respon sible mi isters . c cally from this date the n ative department was abolished by being brought un der the absolute

n of n n n co trol the colo ial Gover me t .

n the in A 1 862 Whe Assembly met ugust, , it refused to conﬁrm this arrangement (by the casting vote . Of the Speaker) and the Govern or again resumed the position which

n had h of n hi s Govern or Brow e eld , consulti g

ni not n n act on h mi sters , but bei g bou d to t eir

and h n 1 863 advice , t is conti ued till November, , during which period the new war broke out at

Taranaki . f h a the a Be ore t at d te , however, Imperi l Government had (through his Grace the Duke of taken a very decided course on

The death of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle was a grave H had ha the New Zeal los s to New Zealan d . e d and question un er hi s care from the commen cement of our difﬁculties d , an d He acte wit r a li thoroughly un derstood it . d h g e t berality an d s m at to war s the colonis ts and I t in if he had live h y p hy d ; h k d, e ” woul d n ot have put that in terpretati on on respon sible govern me t n him whi c has sin ce een iven to it n as in te e . , d d by , h b g 1 6 242 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND .

e i n The the qu st o of responsible government .

d ant at a a ar him Duke , in ign wh t ppe ed to the fast an d loose mann er in which the colony had

a h the n t a n ha was de lt wit questio , old it pl i ly t t it n o longer a question whether the colonists liked to take the man agement of native affairs or n ot the Home Governmen t has resign ed that fun c

on n h n n ot h ti . This reli quis me t does require t e c n n the o sent of the colo ists . It is completed by ac o h n ur t f t e Home Governme t . Yo ” n na n he to Go co stitutio l positio , writes the

n a u a s the ver or , with reg rd to yo r dvi ers will be same in regard to native as to ordin ary colonial ” aff n in airs . He the proceeds to po t out the usual negative powers which the chief executive al a un n n n w ys possesses der respo sible gover me t , of an a a the and ﬁn a ppe l to Assembly , lly to the con stituencies ; an d he adds the further negative

’ power of n ot allowing the Queen s troops to be used to enforce a policy of hi s ministers which he

n ot a n n n in did pprove . Respo sible gover me t n ative affairs was thus not only bestowed but f n n and no orced upo the colo y, powers were reserved to the Governor except of a purely

THE WA R IN NEW ZEAL AND . of w s for the n ut Ne castle a Secretary Colo ies , p what has been called an interpretation on his

’ a in n h a l was a Gr ce s structio s , but whic re l y simple

h ri n ha had n reversal of t eir spi t a d letter . W t bee

’ th n he a hi s an d e duke s exceptio , m de rule the

’ n duke s rule his exceptio . He intimated dis tinctly that so lon g as British troops remain ed in the country the Governor should act on his own

i n in n a affa n h d scretio tive irs , eve thoug opposed ’ his n n . In rt he to respo sible mi isters sho , simply and absolutely repealed everythin g that the colony

’ cared for in the duke s arrangement ; and the

n a n him at hi s the i ni Gover or t ki g word , M stry, as n as th a i ﬁ a was soo ey were s t s ed th t it to be so , resigned .

h i n T ey were succeeded by the Weld M istry ,

and the ﬁrst thing it did was to pass resolution s

h h the A aft f r n t roug ssembly, by which , er re er i g to the acceptance by the colony of the Duke of New

’ ’ a n and . a c stle s decisio , Mr C rdwell s interpreta

n of and n nin the tio it, co dem g system of double

See his es atc of 26th A ril 1 864 27 d p h p , th June 1 864 ,

E NO. 1 . 38 . P. P. C. , p C ST OE IMP E I L T O R A R OOP S. 245

Government whi ch it had been attempted to re- a h as of a it was est blis productive gre t evils ,

ha a h han n in ha resolved t t r t er t co t ue t t system , the colony must adopt the altern ative presented

a w na the h rawa of her by Mr . C rd ell , mely wit d l

’ Majesty s lan d forces at the earliest possible period con sistent with the mai ntenan ce of Impe rial interests ; so that the colony might be re stored to the same measure of respon sible govern

r An n men t in native as in ordina y affairs . d the

an u a the n by a memor d m ddressed to Gover or, the

r e he a of the and Minist y pr ssed t remov l troops, declared the colony ready to undertake its own "F defen ce .

The Home Government has deman ded from

the n h of40l. h a ann for colo y t e sum per e d per um , all in the n aft l st an a soldiers kept colo y er J u ry ,

1 865 at the of the n a n n . , request Colo i l Gover me t

n ha n so n hat and the No e ve bee kept si ce t time ,

n l hin . Y t the n colo y wi l pay not g e troops remai .

On e n n 65th has n h regime t o ly, the , retur ed ome .

It h f ar n r is rumoured t at our more e o the oute .

C. P. P. A NO. 1 . 246 THE WA IN N R E W ZEA LAND .

This will stillleave a force of some men in the n at the cost o the Im erial Govern colo y, f p ment . My own opinion is that these ﬁve regiments will

a n a on rem i there l g time . It is left to Govern or

ﬁx fo Grey to the epoque r their departure . There is little doubt that he does n ot believe in the n in tan o possibility, u der exist g circums ces , f carr n n ri lf- i n yi g out , in its i teg ty, the se rely g

l of the ni a rs but po icy Weld Mi stry ; good ho e , on e which it must be admi tted they have don e

a h f- all they could to ride to de t . Sel reliance

“ ” h r a n has hit e to , in pr ctice , bee tempered by

’ of n and h the presence Quee s troops , thoug n o on e will deny the gallantry and eﬂi ciency of

n a f la a ma the colo i l orces during the st ye r, yet it y

b if h ul a n ha well be dou ted, t ey co d h ve do e w t

’ a had n ot a of u n they h ve , l rge bodies Q ee s

i n h at as al and troops g ve t em , le t , mor support , kept the enemy in check over a large part of the

n f n s hin ha a coun try . Ma y o us colo i ts t k t t

w s ra and al in n policy which a b ve chiv rous desig ,

e in the han of ni t had becom ds the Weld Mi s ry , rash and quixotic ; and that by their continued

a all s h cry to take aw y the oldiers, t ey were de

248 THE WA R IN NEW ZEAL AND .

The o n a f c ought to have been done . c lo i l or es

h n n to the h ﬁ h an d should ave bee se t bus to g t ,

’ the Queen s troops kept to protect the centres of

a n an d as h popul tio , ( Sir George Grey used t em at Wereroa) to give moral support to the coloni al

an d a ha of the r n . For troops , t ke c rge p iso ers such purposes a few regiments may still be ex

trem l f h h e a n t e y use ul . T ey mig t r m i a Wan

a n a ana in n h r of g n i , T r ki , or the eig bou hood

A k an h the ar n a uc l d , w ile milit y settlers , tive con

’ tin ents a Ba l n an d g , H wke s y vo u teers , other

s mi a h men as Von Tem sk i l r corps , led by suc p y,

McDonell a a , Br ssey , Fr ser , or Biggs , might go and do as they have lately been doin g at

a l n Opotiki and Waiapu . We sh l ever beat the n atives into submission till we satisfy them that we can ﬁght them man to man (not 500 to

“ ” ’ in the bu sh (where it is useless for the Queen s

and wi h n troops to go) , t out Armstro g guns an d

all the pomp and circumstan ce of great European

wars .

f n hi a of m Be ore quitti g t s p rt y subject, I

’ must say one word in referen ce to the Queen s

. In ak n of he as ha n troops spe i g t m I ve do e , I THE ARM Y IN NE W ZEAL AND . 249 desire to be understood as criticising their opera

n as an a and n n a tio s rmy , summi g up the ge er l

u . ha the men n a a and res lt T t were perso lly br ve ,

h fﬁ a ha n a a an r was t eir o cers br ve, t t perso l g ll t y the ru an d the a n le , the reverse r re exceptio , is

a a m a n n a re dily d itted . But it c n ot be co ce led

ha the am a n has as a h a e t t c p ig , w ole , dd d little

th u of th al to e la rels e British army . Except W

h n an an d a a of the c ere , New Orle s , some p ss ges

A an f n n n can meric War o I depe de ce , I recollect n o m a a n of h h as a h ilit ry Oper tio s w ic , w ole , we ha h n ve less reason to be proud . W e we recollect

ha was d n a ha en n w t o e , or is s id to ve be do e , by our a n the n an n how a rmies duri g I di Muti y, sm ll

n a n f r a h n r a i a divisio s , m ki g o ced m rc es u de trop c l sun te wen h own n u , drove n or t ty times t eir m ber of well - appointed and well - disciplined troops

f h how h f u h h or ten h be ore t em , t ey o g t eig t pitc ed

a in as an a how h a b ttles m y d ys , t ey took gre t

ﬁ l h and Luckn o w how h forti ed cities ike Del i , t ey suppressed in little more than a year a mutiny

n an n of an d rebellio , supported by m y millio s

n and f fan a we ann h determi ed urious tics , c ot elp contrasting the work of the New Zealan d cam 250 THE WA R IN NE W ZEA LAND .

ai n and e m n c of o n o . p g , b co i g s eptics m der hist ry The very regiments which are said to have don e these great achievements have for two years been ﬁghting in a temperate climate with a few n aked

a a ar th old h s v ges , med wi Tower muskets , wit no f ﬁ nl a few riﬂe - an d orti ed cities , but o y pits

a h ften h n a h wi h e rt works o t row up in nig t, t out an of a l an of n a fa n e y the pp i ces moder w r re , ver ha n in ﬁ a ﬁf ar of f c and vi g the eld th p t our or e ,

at end of the n is n a en and yet the it e emy u be t , we are told on the highest authority that 200 of ’ h can 500 f n and t em stop o the Quee s troops ,

ha n the t t it is useless to follow them i to bush .

h f sa n s a a al of T ere ore , I y whe thi c mp ign is t ked , let no man stan d on tiptoe and rouse him at ” the a name of Crispian . Let it rather be dmit ted that we have yet to learn the art of ﬁghtin g

a a an a ma the a s v ges . God gr t th t it y be l st occasion on which the British army may have

it to do .

3. The principal diﬁi culty in the way of the full adoption of the self-relian ce princ iple is the

ﬁnan al a of the on . n am ci st te col y The reve ue, ply s uﬂi cient for the ordinary expen ses of govern

252 THE WA R IN NE W ZEAL AND . anticipation every possible argument which could

u e a a n s in a a n an d fu in be s d g i t it P rli me t, re s g f positively even so much as to ask the House O ’ Common s for the assistance req uested .

’ hi the n The colony s case is t s . At comme ce ment of the war it assumed a liability of three

m n t li n in e rn for the al illio s s er g, r tu very liber aid in the form of Imperial troops given by the

f If had n Duke o Newcastle . these troops bee

ffe the hr ll n h to ave e ctively used , t ee mi io s oug t h covered all the cost n ecessary to be in curred by

he n and ft a ba a ar fu ure t colo y, le good l nce tow ds t

f f n in h n h h sel de e ce . But ow g to t e le gt to whi c the war has been protracted solely by bad man age

n the u of the n ha n me t, reso rces colo y ve bee

a n a t and n ow n is lmost e tirely w s ed ; , whe it

a l on a own f n it has c l ed to undert ke its de e ce ,

not the fund it n or h s to do with , t e credit to

a e n n r is more . The colo y co ten ds that the con sideration given by the Home Govern men t in

the ha of has a a s pe troops lmost bsolutely failed . h T ey appeal to the correspondence between Sir

Des atc 6 h l 2 t u 1 865 NO. 50. p h J y, , THE COL ON Y EN TITL ED TO REPA A R TION . 253

an d n al a n h w ha George Grey Ge er C mero , to s o t t the failure has been owing to the con duct of Imperial oﬂicers ; an d they urge that they are

n n a n h n n h cir e titled to co sider tio w e , u der t ese cumstances h ask for a a an hi h wi , t ey gu r tee , w c ll n ot really cost the home country a shilling ; or a

a a n of n a a s an h h moder te mou t pecu i ry s ist ce , w ic , if n a the n n a own f n it e ble colo y to u dert ke its de e ce ,

the n r n will prove truest eco omy to G eat Britai . It is n ot an an swer to say that the colony has

f ff di n t th itsel o ered to spe se with the troops . A e time that it did so it asked for the assistan ce I

. n n f he n n have me tio ed . I t Home Gover me t per

in f in h a an an d at the a sists re us g t is ssist ce , s me

e s s will n a tim remove the troop , it i cur very

An it ma serious respon sibility . d y depen d upon it that the cheapest thin g it can do (an d that seems to be the main point kept in view at the

n al fﬁ a n Colo i O ce) , will be to give some re so able assistance in the way of guarantee or pecuniary

aid and i a a a If , br ng its troops w y ltogether . with such assistan ce the Colonial Government is left free from that interference by the Colonial Ofﬁce for which the presence of troops is made 254 THE WAR IN NE W ZEAL AND .

x c se to ﬁnis the war and se f for the e u , h protect it l

the fu ur a no d can . But t e , I h ve oubt it do it there must be no more restrictions placed by the

o r n on nﬁ a i n an d n o n e H me Gove nme t co sc t o , lo g r any power vested in the Governor to take an initiative poli cy to which his ministers an d the

f l n ar Assembly O the co o y e opposed . I do not for on e moment advocate the reten

n of in n e for th tio troops the colo y, exc pt e most

temporary purpose . I cordi ally agree with

almost every word that was spoken before the committee on coloni al military expenditure by

a n Mr . . and Lord Herbert, Mr Gl dsto e , Lowe ,

Mr . l and hat has e n r en God ey, w b e w itt by Mr .

Adderley on the same subject . But New Zealan d

f un for ar n af ords gro ds tempor y exceptio . By retaining the man agement of native affairs in its own a al rn n h nds , the Imperi Gove me t got it into diﬂi culties ; by interference during their exi st

n has n n out of h e ce , it preve ted its getti g t em .

i t n war on rm Let be do e with the present , te s

h aff a ﬁ a a i of f u e ce w ich ord pro t ble b s s ut re p a , and I am content n ever to see the face of another

in the n British soldier colo y . But let the rule

256 THE WAR IN NEW ZEA LAND .

The n a n n one of tive questio is, however, o ly

and sa of mi . time , I regret to y very li ted time The race is melting away; and if there were n o

e war and the u an a e the mor , E rope s were to le v

n r - the in n of a cou t y to morrow , ext ctio the M ori ,

in an n f as ai n as exceedi gly brie period , is cert

an h n h A few ﬁ y t i g uman can be . very gures ill h w s ow this .

In 1 842 a di n a h , ccor g to the best estim tes w ich

ul a on the a h of m na co d be m de , ut ority issio ries and h n e n in the n r h r ot er lo g r side ts cou t y , t ei number was In 1 850 a well- informed Wesleyan missionary estimated them at

In 1 858 a n n n u n all Gover me t ce s s , ge er y supposed

in s n at to be exces , retur ed them The war and natural causes have by this time probably reduced them to Carry on the calcula tion and it is eviden t that the certain extin ction

of a t a few ndi a a i the r ce , excep i vidu ls, is th ng

h h an of ma n w ic m y us y live to wit ess .

The one a a of i has and gre t c use th s been , is , their utter disregard of all those social and sanitary conditions which are essential to the contin uing

a of the h a a . The ul the vit lity um n r ce res t is, THE FUTURE OF THE MA ORI . 257

s of the a a con titution Maori is bsolutely dec yed , and they do not produce children to replace the h current gen eration of adults . A people t at has no di out children must e . Shortly before leaving the colony I endea voured to a a al on n Obt in st tistic returns this. poi t ;

at ft had n f but the time I le I o ly received a ew.

fr a They were , however, collected om v rious parts

of c and n l in in the ountry, represe t tribes iv g all the varied conditions of life which exist among

n a a ow f them some e r l rge t ns , some remote rom

an r an y, some closely intermixed with Eu ope s ,

and some with scarcely an European among them . The result was an average of 1 00 males to 70

f a and a 50 hi n n 1 5 a em les, less th n c ldre u der ye rs

of a e e he r a all ge . If th s the el tive proportions

h an an d a a n b t rough the isl ds , I h ve re so to elieve

h ar ai not fa ur a nl that t ey e cert nly more vo ble , o y one conclusion can be arrived at as to the future

of the race . The proportion of children also is a conclusive proof of the cause which has really effected the

and a an reduction , will , unless some gre t ch ge

f of a as takes place in the domestic li e the M ori, 1 7 258 THE WAR IN NE W ZEALAND .

a ts of certainly lead to its extinction . The h bi lif hi a to this am a l resul are in e w ch le d l ent b e t, n o way attributable to the presence of the E uro

the un . re c din to pean in co try They a , a cor g ‘ e ev and all ave di the Wilk s , Che er, who h stu ed

n i n of n sia ra ni r al ere co d tio the Poly e n ce , u ve s wh

the a f un and one ever r ce is o d, the great cause of its rapid declin e in all the islands which it

a l as i inh bits . So ong the communist c and vicious social economy exists amon g them which has

rt e the in Of ra hithe o exist d , dest y the ce is certain . The mission aries had before the war altered the habits of the natives in many particulars ; but this

had a if at all great evil they b rely, , succeeded in

a a of t touching . It is true sc rcely hint i appears

h kn and in their reports home ; but t ey ow well,

ﬁ°eel a mi the a ni in conversation y d t, m g tude and

C eever in hi s Island World o the Pac ic writes The h , f if , , onal loo is so corru te the constitution is so venomousl nati b d p d, y i ase t at t ere s little o e of the reser vation of a e . di s e d, h h h p p rac Unl ess there speedily ensue a great change the race will t run out and cease to be . Whe her it is n ot too late to apply a ” b e H c remedy remai ns to e s en . e onsiders that they were already

h eclin e owin to t eir own vi ces on the arrival of Ca t . on t e d , g h , p ’ In Coo s time the native in a itan of Tahiti ere Cook . k h b ts w estimated at now they are

' 260 THE WAR IN NE W ZEALAND .

a i all ra n to him M or , and especi y their encou geme t

’ h a hi rt c a i n to old on to th t Nessus s , the o cup t o

of a r has n l rge unused tribal ter itory, do e much

n to bring him to his present forlorn co dition . They have had pretty much their own way at the

n al ﬂi ce and and Colo i G , with Governor Grey,

ul of war was e u the res t it is, that the which b g n

for the f li n has now sne suppression o rebel o , deg r i ar of e in a n as far as a ated nto a w ext rm tio ,

great part at le ast of the n ative race is concerned . They boast in their last report of the extent to which they have inﬂuenced the min ds of the

f d n Secretary o State an Sir George Grey. I thi k both of those gentlemen must deeply regret

avin l n h ill he h g iste ed to suc counc ors, when t y look at the bitter end to which their advice

has affa in a i i n brought irs New Zeal nd . The op n o ,

h a f “ a whic I h ve be ore expressed, th t the pro longation of the war has been owing to the

f of has ar inter erence this society, by its secret y

n n n n sa bee pronounced mo strous . I ca o ly y

that in the colony it is very generally entertained .

The New Zcalender a has p per, which the Society commended for its noble advocacy of native CA USES OF NA TI VE DIFFICUL TIES. 261

h a n f n rig ts, spe king of a rece t inter ere ce by it,

a c c a a s ys, Nothing an be more inex us ble th n the conduct of the Aborigin es Society througho ut the New Zealand war ; and to n one has it ren dered itself more truly Obnoxious than to the

a i n n a n p rty of moderation this colo y, which rde tly

to a f desires peace , but declines sl nder its ellow

n t n a l colo ists, or o give the tives counse which ” must lead them to destruction .

own a had My conviction is, th t the colonists from the ﬁrst been allowed to arrange their own

a wi the a a and rel tions th n tive r ce, conduct their

al n fﬁ own politic i tercourse, no serious di culty

a would h ve arisen between the two races . It is to the representatives of the Imperial Govern

n h f me t, in whose hands t e admini stration o

i e affa rs an d fu nat v i , the nction of purchasing na an al v nd tive l ds , were je ously reser ed, a to the

injudicious advice of self- constituted friends of the Ma at a all ori home , th t the troubles Of that

a n unh ppy colo y are attributable .

264 APPENDI! .

The later telegram reports that General Chute has taken a pah on the west coast ; that the war is now end an d that the troo s are returnin practically at an , p g t the war i s rac tica at an end home. The fact hat p lly , The same thi n has een state may well be doubted . g b d ’ in rams and in Si r eor e re s a dozen times teleg , G g G y despatches during the last two years ; but hostilities have continued notwithstan ding.

NOTE B .

Further papers on the affairs of New Zealand have recently been laid on the tables of the Houses of rr on n e be Parliament . They contain the co esp de c t rn r re and ne C eron whi ch had Gove o G y Ge ral am , r ache me in the a ers of the Co onia arli ament e d p p l l P , and several despatches from -Mr:Cardwell to Sir George

re and other ocuments ater than those had seen G y, d l I when these a es went to ress . here i s n othin p g p T g, however in them to a ter an thi n w i ch , l y g h I have r t t w it en . Mr. Cardwell s ill continues to regard the bitter personal controversy between the two able and distinguished men from the same point of vi ew that is sim in reference t its hearin t , ply o gs on he u ic service and the reat ﬂ ial p bl , g O ic scan dal whi ch it involves . The idea has n ot yet presented itself to hi s ' ‘ mind that the colony of New Zealand has been n early ruined by it ; that the vast expenditure going on while 265 A PPENDI! .

these ent eme r u rr li n has een utter g l n we e q a el g, b ly thrown away ; and that in con seq uence the colony has as stron a i to con si eration g cla m as ever was raised d , not to sa actua com ensation at the han s of the y l p , d ome overnment for the in ur inﬂicted on it the H G , j y by acts Car well thinks of the Governor and General . Mr . d that the time has arrived for putting an end to this painful chapter an d to the pain ful dispute s between Sir George Grey and the General ; but I cann ot believe that the co on will su mi at a t without remon l y b t , le s strance to h e the s e t i s in hi s summar , av ubj c d posed of t y manner without the sma r in ai to its , llest rega d be g p d interest in he s t q uestion .

In reference to the ﬁnancial uestion Mr . Car we q , d ll ives rominence in one of his e atches to the fact g p d sp , that the colony refused the guarante e Offered by him for a mi llion of the loan which the Colonial Parliament in authorized in 1 863. It is necessary to offer a word o a e explanation . The colony havin g estimated its pr b bl req uirements at to enable it to co-operate ’ with her Majesty s Government in suppressing the rebel ion aske vern ment to uarantee a oan l , d the Home Go g l to that amount ; without whi ch it was certain it could not be rai e or at all events on on ruinous terms . s d, ly Mr C uarante on . ardwell agreed to g e ” c n itions t ﬁr f which was that u war s of o d , he st o , p d

560 0 0l. of it shou be imme iate ai over to the , 0 ld d ly p d

me overnmen in atisfaction of an e i stin and in Ho G t, s x g,

art i s ute e t to th h n erial overnment. The p d p d, d b a p G u ha een that the co on wou have result wo ld ve b , l y ld

r ee li tt e over 400 000l. or a out received the gua ant to a l , , b E 266 APP NDI! . one-seventh part of what it req uired towards suppressing the rebelli on ! To have accepted such an offer would have been as derogatory to the colony as it was to the ome d in a i e an H Government to make it. An sett g s d y i ea of that it w u have een ractica of no er d sort, o ld b p lly p ce tibl i w p e value . That is simply why t was refused ; but e do feel that it was an act of extreme hardness to attempt to screw thi 60 000l. out of the c on at such a cri sis s 5 , ol y in its fate and such a da of its nece sities. The co on , y s l y, however thou h ec inin t e th se terms , g d l g h guarantee on o , has sent to the ome overnment 500 000l . of e en H G , d b tures ex ressin a ho e that the woul be acce ted at , p g p y d p par ; a value whi ch could at an ytime be given them in the market by the guarantee of the Imperial Government . hat overnment h wever refuses to receive them T G , o , , ex cep t at their value dep reciated by ex isti ng circum stances and a a collatera se rit whi ch the ho , s l cu y, y ld with ower to sacrifice at an iscount at their easure. p y d , pl i e anati n wi think make it a arent that Th s xpl o ll, I , pp the Offer of a guarantee of one million was not capri ciously refused ; and that such refusal ought not to be ’ any bar to the favourable con sideration of the colony s claims to such reasonable aid as may enable it to carry into effect its bond fide intention of relievi ng the Home Govern ment from contributing any further military assi stance towards the termination of the present tru e o l n rotracte in c n uence f h s ggl , s o g p d o seq o t e inefficiency and the quarrels of Oflicers of the Imperial

Government.

268 A PPENDI! .

which have no ou t when referre to the Co on ia , I d b , d l l m t r Mr ar a s overn en wi ove to be what . C e c G , ll p lyl ll , A story of a frog and a roasted apple When a charge is made a ai nst a overnor it i an in aria ru with g G , s v ble le the Colonial Oﬂice not to receive it unless forwarded through him ; an d in this case where it is made again st a hi h co onia ofﬁcia the u erinten ent of a rovince g l l l, S p d P , as L a urchase Commi ssioner un er the acting nd P , d ’ vernor s authori t it oes seem un enerous that the Go y, d g s pirit of a rule so in itself should not have been

adhered to .

THE END .

- m nd o l ail E. Lon on : Pri nted b Sam n E u a C . O d B e C. d y , , y,