DOCSLIB.ORG

Trajectories of Violence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trajectories of Violence Violent Trajectories A Cultural History of the Enfield Rifle in the British Empire Daniel M. Thompson A Thesis Submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History Victoria University of Wellington 2017 ii To my family, for their love and intelligence, and of course, to Olivia. iii Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... vi Glossary ................................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... viii Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One Men Making Guns, Guns Making Men: The Invention and Ideology of the Enfield Rifle .... 13 Chapter Two “The King of Weapons”: The Enfield at War .......................................................................... 33 Chapter Three “The Great Pacificator”: The Enfield Rifle in New Zealand ................................................... 60 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 89 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 94 iv Abstract This thesis explores the material, cultural, and political significance of the Enfield rifle in the British Empire from c. 1850 to 1870. Unravelling the weapon’s links with imperial ideology and violence, it argues that the Enfield helped to produce discourses of race, gender, and civilisation during this era. Furthermore, it contends that these discourses shaped the ways in which Britons viewed the Enfield and influenced how they saw themselves. The rifle is best known for its well-chronicled role in the 1857 Indian Rebellion, where it was central to British narratives of the conflict. While acknowledging the Indian context, this thesis aims to draw the Enfield deeper into debates about British imperial culture, comparing the rifle’s physical and discursive influence across a range of imperial spaces. The Enfield rifle was one of the most important weapons of the nineteenth century. The product of a revolution in rifle technology, it amazed the British public and military with its accuracy and range. The weapon’s invention prompted the introduction of large scale factory production techniques in Britain. It also stimulated a massive rethinking of military tactics and was a central component of the militarisation of British society during the 1850s and 1860s. The Enfield then had extensive use in conflicts including the Crimean War, the Indian Rebellion, the New Zealand Wars, and the American Civil War. It also found a home in the burgeoning Volunteer Movement in Britain and New Zealand. Through its use in these arenas, the Enfield had a considerable physical impact on the British Empire, but it had even greater discursive significance. During the 1850s and 1860s, discussions about the Enfield’s invention, production, and usage promoted ideas of rationality, modern science, and individualism. After the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the rifle came to epitomise British technological might and racial ‘superiority’ in the minds of Victorians. The Volunteer Force, established in 1859, embraced the Enfield as its weapon of choice and conceived of it as a weapon that embodied the Force’s values of skill, education and respectability. In the New Zealand Wars however, the rifle failed to bring the decisive victories many settlers expected, and they began to disparage the weapon as a result. Nevertheless, the Enfield was still deeply implicated in the contested process of colonisation in New Zealand. Ultimately, the Enfield’s role in these events transformed the weapon into a deeply raced and gendered object. v List of Figures Figure 1 Flintlock musket, circa 1800, London, by Tower Armouries. Gift 16 of the Wellington City Council, 1929. CC BY-NC-ND licence. Te Papa (DM000109). Figure 2 Enfield Pattern 1856 Rifle Musket., circa 1860, England, maker 17 unknown. Gift of Kenneth Huffam, date unknown.CC BY-NC- ND licence. Te Papa (DM000376). Figure 3 Single shot bolt action rifle, "needle gun", 1858, Berlin, by Royal 30 Prussian Arsenal. Gift of the Defence Department, 1940.CC BY- NC-ND licence. Te Papa (DM000194). Figure 4 Robert Gibb, The Thin Red Line, 1881, National War Museum, 35 Edinburgh. Figure 5 Roger Fenton, The Whitworth rifle, fired by The Queen at 46 Wimbledon, 2 July 1860, Albumen print: RCIN 2941854, Royal Collection Trust. Figure 6 Breech-loading rifle, Snider action, U.S.A., 1864., 1864, 58 Watertown, by Watertown Arsenal. Gift of the New Zealand Army, 1951. CC BY-NC-ND licence. Te Papa (DM000283). Figure 7 Mr C Cobb, with a rifle. Harding, William James, 1826-1899: 64 Negatives of Wanganui district. Ref: 1/4-004258-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23045255. Figure 8 Private of the New Zealand Militia in campaign dress. Harding, 74 William James, 1826-1899: Negatives of Wanganui district. Ref: 1/4-006785-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22807152. Figure 9 Kinder, John, 1819-1903. Wiremu Tamihana Tarapipipi Te 81 Waharoa with a double barreled shot-gun. Ref: 1/2-019840-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22869781. Figure 10 Repeating carbine, Spencer model 1865., 1865, Boston, by 84 Spencer Repeating Rifle Company. Exchanged date unknown. CC BY-NC-ND licence. Te Papa (DM000346). vi Acknowledgements There are many people who helped to guide this thesis. First of all, I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Charlotte Macdonald, whose guidance and incisive feedback has been invaluable. Many thanks also to Michael Fitzgerald for his wealth of knowledge on firearms. I am exceedingly grateful to Rebecca Lenihan, Catherine Abou-Nemeh, Katie Cooper, Adrienne Thompson, Olivia Benton-Guy, and my classmates for their perceptive comments on various drafts and also to my sisters for a last-minute proof read. Finally, thank you to my fellow master’s students whose company, humour and discussion helped immeasurably. vii Glossary Breech-loader: a firearm loaded from a breech at the base of the barrel. Brown Bess: a musket used by the British military for much of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Calisher and Terry Carbine: a breech-loading rifle invented in 1855, used by some colonial forces in New Zealand during the 1860s. Enfield Rifle: a muzzle-loading rifle invented in 1853, standard issue in the British military until 1866, though it remained in use for several years afterwards and was also used by colonial forces. Muzzle-loader: a firearm loaded from the muzzle of the barrel. Rifling: spiral grooves along the inside of a barrel that cause a bullet to spin, making it faster and more accurate. Snider Rifle: invented in 1866, it was created by converting the muzzle-loading Enfield rifle into a breech-loader. Also known as the Snider-Enfield rifle. Spencer Rifle: a repeating weapon invented in the United States in 1860. Te Kooti famously acquired a Spencer rifle in the late 1860s. Whitworth Rifle: a highly accurate rifle invented by British industrialist Josiah Whitworth during the 1850s. Being much more expensive than other weapons, it was never standard-issue in the military. viii Abbreviations AJHR Appendix to the Journal of the House of Representatives ATL Alexander Turnbull Library EIC East India Company NRA National Rifle Association 1 Introduction The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was an event of catastrophic proportions in the collective Victorian imagination. Breaking out in May that year, it created enormous outrage across the British Empire and its repercussions echoed around the world. While the event had complex causes, almost all Britons saw it as a mutiny, grounded in the superstitious rejection of a new weapon which the British East India Company had tried to introduce to its Indian soldiers: the Enfield rifle. One of those caught up in the Rebellion was a former Cantabrian settler in Murree, a hill station in what is now Pakistan. Writing pseudonymously as “Pahari”, he penned an account of the conflict for the Lyttelton Times that reveals something of how Britons thought about the Enfield and its role in their Empire. The author began with the outbreak of the “mutiny”, emphasising the Enfield’s role and lamenting stories of attacks on British women and children. He then described the rifle’s shocking power in the hands of British soldiers in defeating the rebels. “Pahari” went on to compare the state of India to that of New Zealand, predicting an outbreak of fighting between Māori and settlers in the colony. Yet he was confident that the Enfield rifle would resolve any conflict in Britain’s favour, just as it had in India, writing The Maori has never heard the rush of the conical bullet past his ear, nor seen this eccentric missile turning a summersault through his comrade’s body…. Nothing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1.0 Firearms History
    1.0 Firearms History 1.0.1 Introduction While a history of firearms should start with the earliest of hand cannons, progressing through the It may seem that a history of firearms is an illogical wheel lock, miquelet and so on. For this book, way to begin this book, but any competent forensic however, it will start at the flintlock, as it is unlikely firearms examiner needs to have a good working that anything earlier would be encountered in every- knowledge of this subject matter. As such, it should day case work. A much more comprehensive history form part of the court qualification process at the of firearms is offered in Appendix 4. beginning of any trial. Having said that, though, it would be unreasonable to expect a firearms examiner with many years’ experience to be able to give, for 1.0.2 The flintlock (Figure 1.0.1) example, a precise date for the introduction of the Anson and Deeley push button fore-end. Such an The flintlock ignition system really signalled the esoteric piece of firearms history may have formed advent of an easy-to-use firearm with a simple part of the examiner’s training many years ago, but mechanism for the discharge of a missile via a unless s/he had a particular interest in shotgun powdered propellant. In this type of weapon, the history it would be unlikely that s/he would remem- propellant was ignited via a spark produced by ber little other than an approximate date or period. striking a piece of flint against a steel plate.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample File Miquelet Ferguson Mfg: Greek 1790 to 1850 Mfg: English 1776 to 1778 .65 Cal .60 Cal Muzzle Velocity: 800 Fps Weight: 13 Lb
    Recoil Action: Firearm action that uses the force of the recoil to provide energy to cycle the action. Roller-delayed Blowback: A type of fi rearm action where rollers on the sides of the bolt are driven inward against a tapered bolt carrier extension. This forces the bolt carrier rearward at a higher velocity and delays movement of the bolt head. Rolling Block Action: A fi rearm action where the breech is seeled with a specially shaped breechblock able to rotate on a pin. The breechblock is locked in place by the hammer preventing the cartridge from moving backwards when fi red. Cocking the weapon allows the breechblock to be rotated to reload the weapon. Short Recoil Action: Action where the barrel and slide recoil together a short distance before they unlock and separate. The barrel stops quickly, and the slide continues rearward, compressing the recoil spring and performing the automated extraction and feeding process. During the last portion of its forward travel, the slide locks into the barrel and pushes the barrel back into battery. Slide Action: A fi rearm action where the handgrip is moved back and forth along the barrel in order to eject a spent cartridge and chamber a new one. This type of action is most common in shotguns and is also used in some rifl e designs. It is also called pump action. Snaphance: A method of fi ring a gun that uses a fl int set in the hammer that when the trigger is pulled causes the fl int to strike the frizzen to create a shower of sparks to ignite the priming powder.
    [Show full text]
  • Acj Working Update Mar 7 2005
    ACJonLine.com 1982 ArmsArms CollectorsCollectors Northeast Edition JournalJournalJournal Volume V, Number 4 ~ NEACA.com 15 March 2005 Single Copy $2.50 ROBINSON RIFLES By Mark B. Cross ing rifles. However, Robinson some type of working relation- was smart enough to realize ship with Robinson to manu- Until 1971, little or noth- the potential for his new rifle. facture the 1870 Model Rob- ing had ever been written ac- At this time in his life, he inson Rifle. curately, about one of the first had neither the funds nor the The new rifle was said to three repeating rifles ever facilities to manufacture his be similar, in some respects, to manufactured. The rifles in new rifle in Upper Jay. For this the Model 1866 Winchester question had been made more reason, he needed and found and the Henry Rifles. It had than a century before this. some financial backers and lo- an ornate trigger guard, which They were designed, patented cated a factory in the Platts- extended rearward, causing it and produced by Orvill M. burgh, New York area, one to be often mistaken for a le- Robinson. Occasionally, a gun capable of mass-producing his ver action. The frame was A collection of Winchester lever action rifles, viewed by publication would have a terse rifle. Mr. A. S. Babbitt owned made in brass or iron. many to be the most popular longarm collectable. entry about the “Adirondack the factory, and he agreed to (continued on page 3) Arms Company” rifles, and indeed some were referred to Winchester Collection, as the “Babbitt” rifles.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Huddersfield Repository
    University of Huddersfield Repository Wood, Christopher Were the developments in 19th century small arms due to new concepts by the inventors and innovators in the fields, or were they in fact existing concepts made possible by the advances of the industrial revolution? Original Citation Wood, Christopher (2013) Were the developments in 19th century small arms due to new concepts by the inventors and innovators in the fields, or were they in fact existing concepts made possible by the advances of the industrial revolution? Masters thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19501/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ Were the developments in 19th century small
    [Show full text]
  • Reproduction Arms Only
    REPRODUCTION ARMS ONLY North-South Skirmish Association, Inc. Small Arms Committee 2020 Edition Updated: 01/01/2020 N-SSA PRODUCTION APPROVED REPRODUCTION ARMS, BARRELS, AND PROCESSES For HAND AND SHOULDER ARMS Topic Section Rifles 1 Rifle Muskets 2 Smoothbore Muskets 3 Rifled Muskets 4 Carbines 5 Breechloading Rifles/Carbine II 6 Revolvers 7 Approved Processes 8 Rimfire to Centerfire Conversions 8a Approved Barrel Processes 8b Miscellaneous Approved Barrels 9 IMPORTANT NOTICES. READ CAREFULLY! (1) All firearms, barrels, and processes listed in this document are approved by the Board of Directors for use in shooting activities of the North-South Skirmish Association, Inc. They have received “Production Approval”, which means that as manufactured they are pre-approved for skirmish use. An arm or barrel which has been altered or modified must be submitted to the Small Arms Committee for individual approval and must be issued a Small Arms Committee approval card before it can be used in a skirmish. It is the responsibility of the skirmisher to find out if planned or executed changes might void the existing approval of an arm or a barrel, and to submit altered production arms and/or barrels to the Small Arms Committee for consideration. If you are considering making any changes to an approved arm or barrel it is good practice to discuss it first with a member of the Small Arms Committee. 2. The Small Arms Committee must individually approve custom-made arms for which the maker does not have production approval, and a Small Arms Committee individual approval card must be carried for that arm as evidence of that approval.
    [Show full text]
  • Campaign for the German Imperial Constitution Written: August 1849-April 1850; Source: MECW Volume 10, P
    Friedrich Engels The Campaign for the German Imperial Constitution Written: August 1849-April 1850; Source: MECW Volume 10, p. 147-239; First Published: Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-okonomische Revue Nos. 1, 2 and 3, 1850; Transcription/Markup: Unknown; Proofed: and corrected by Mark Harris, 2010. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 I. Rhenish Prussia ....................................................................................................................... 5 II. Karlsruhe .............................................................................................................................. 16 III. The Palatinate ..................................................................................................................... 24 IV. To Die for the Republic! ..................................................................................................... 34 Introduction Hecker, Struve, Blenker, Zitz und Blum, Bringt die deutschen Fürsten um! This refrain [Hecker, Struve, Blenker, Zitz and Blum, slay the German princes!– Ed.] which on every highway and in every tavern from the Palatinate to the Swiss frontier rang out on the lips of the South German “people's militia” to the well-known tune of “Surrounded by the Sea”, a mixture of chorale and barrel-organ–this refrain sums up the whole character of the “magnificent uprising for the Imperial Constitution”.1 Here you have in two lines
    [Show full text]
  • Nga Pakanga O Aotearoa
    Beginnings - The New Zealand Wars were fought between 1845 and Nga Pakanga 1872. They were about who controlled the country and who owned the land. When Europeans arrived, Māori had already been in Aotearoa for more than five hundred years. New Zealand may have looked wild and uninhabited to the o Aotearoa first Europeans, but this was misleading. Every part of THE NEW ZEALAND WARS the country was divided among iwi, hapū, and whānau. In each place, someone had the right to grow kūmara, by Ross Calman gather fern-root, take birds or timber, or catch fish. Organised groups of settlers started arriving in New Zealand shortly after the Treaty of Waitangi was signed. Most of these people came from the British Isles in search of a better life. At first, they lived in a handful of small coastal towns: Auckland, Wellington, Whanganui, Nelson, and New Plymouth. Māori outnumbered Pākehā, and British power and influence over the country was limited. Then, less than five years after the treaty was signed, a Māori leader decided to put British power to the test. Kororāreka around 1835 (at the time, ▲ New Zealand’s largest European settlement) The Treaty of Waitangi ▼ In the nineteenth century, a handful of Māori tribes fought a series of wars against the might of the British Empire – the world’s largest superpower at the time. Although Māori were eventually defeated, the British didn’t always have it their own way. 10 1111 Timeline HŌne Heke Pōkai and the Flagpole: THE NORTHERN WAR (1845–46) u 6 FEBRUARY 1840: The Treaty of Waitangi is signed.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazette Mk II
    E - Gazette Mk II New Zealand Antique & Historical Arms Association Inc. # 21 September 2012 EDITORIAL Again my thanks to those who have sent comments and contributions, I hope to see you at the Half Year General Meeting on 22nd September. If you have comments to make or news or articles to contribute, send them to [email protected] All views (and errors) expressed here are those of the Editor and not necessarily those of the NZAHAA Inc. Phil Cregeen, Editor [email protected] AN INTERESTING BAYONET by Phil Cregeen © 2012 I must confess I bought the top bayonet in the above picture on Trade Me on impulse, because it intrigued me. Was it 1.a genuine officially modified Pattern ’07 or 2. one cut down by a collector to emulate a trials bayonet such as the Australian Shortened and Lightened No 1 (see BCB A12) or Owen bayonet (see BCB A 13), or 3. had a pig hunter cut it down for a pig sticker? As you can see it is very similar to an Australian Owen gun bayonet (lower) and it came in an Owen bayonet scabbard marked MANGROVITE ’44. However the bayonet itself is manufactured by MOLE and dated 3/18. Like the Owen Mk I Bayonet introduced in 1944 it has a10 inch blade, however the fuller carries through the point and this has only been curved on the lower side unlike the Owen which has a slight curve on the top of the point. Note too that India shortened many Pat ’07 bayonets including British & Australian ones although these normally had 12 inch blades.
    [Show full text]
  • War in New Zealand
    W I W AR N NE ZEALAND. W L AM FO! A .H. Ox on I LI , , , L AT! comm“ . w ar n “ AND 3m m mm 0! TB . COLONY . ER R A T A . A t — a p ge 86 , omi the words 3 Colonel A us in of h t , t , t e 1 4th. ” 1 85 in No e or A read , t , f , C. ” 239 in No e or read “ A , t , f . Wi'hi T W O MA PS AN D A PL A N . L O N D O N SM TH E DER AND o. 66 CORNH . I , L c , , ILL 1 866. WAR I NEW ZEALAND N . AM FO! A .H. O on WILLI , , x , L AT! M ID I !“ IN I ITAI Y AND NAT!“ mm 0? TB . COLONY . It mi ht be we tho ht it co ntrie so fei re and it eo e so tracta e o g ll ug , u , p pl bl , w uld lon ere this have een iet o e e to the atisfaction of the a vent rer and g b q u ly p ss ss d , s d u s, ' me eternizin f wh i c ll world do g o the memory of those o eflected t . But be ause a the e ee it defeilement this fo o in treatise sha ive ati fac tion to all indiflerent readers s , ll w g ll g s s , xow the i ne hath een carrie hen no ou t the i easi n er tan and bus ss b d ; w , d b , y w ll lyu d s d, e er to their e tion how it came to a that there was no etter eak and n w qu s , p ss b sp h ave“ of Captain John Smith of Virgi nia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Texas Star
    The Texas Star Newsletter for the Texican Rangers A Publication of the Texican Rangers An Authentic Cowboy Action Shooting Club That Treasures & Respects the Cowboy Tradition SASS Affiliated PO Box 782261 September 2018 San Antonio, TX 78278-2261 Officers Hello Texican Rangers President A.D. Texaz 210-862-7464 [email protected] Vice President The good news is that the Texican Col. Callan Rangers annual picnic, Shindig, gets a 325-446-7632 mulligan! [email protected] The original date for the match was rained out! We asked the Steiler Ranch Secretary owners if we could move the match to Tombstone Mary Sept 29 and it was OK’D. We are 210-262-7464 fortunate to have such great landlords. [email protected] Something I was not aware of when we were discussing the move with Kit Treasurer Patterson is that the whitetail hunting General Burleson season also begins on the Steiler Ranch on 210-912-7908 the 29th. [email protected] The bad news is that they are also predicting heavy rain for Thursday – Range Master Saturday. As usual, if we have to cancel Tombstone Mary will send an email to the Colorado Horseshoe membership and post it on the Texican 719-231-6109 Rangers website. [email protected] I’m looking forward to the Texican Rangers annual member appreciation Communications match ‘The Shindig’. There is no charge Dutch Van Horn for the match and lunch for members. 210-823-6058 Guests shoot for $20, which includes [email protected] lunch. Lunch for other Guests is $5. The match will be 4 main stages and then a team stage shot from the Gallows.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2020
    Australian Arms Auctions Auctions Arms Australian 234 299 590 614 615 Australian Arms Auctions Auction No. 54 June 21st, 2020 21st, June 54 No. Auction Auction No. 54 June 21st, 2020 Melbourne 343 342 353a 352a 353 346 presenting our Auction No. 54 Sunday 21st June 2020 at 10.00 am VIEWING: Saturday 12 noon to 5 pm & Sunday 8 am to 10 am Auctioneer: Harry Glenn HUNGARIAN COMMUNITY CENTRE 760 Boronia Road Wantirna 3152 Melway 63 F-5 Excellent onsite parking facilities available. Café available by Cheryl Savage. Try the Sunday breakfast Contacts: Roland Martyn: 0428 54 33 77 Cheryl Martyn Admin: (61) 03 9848 7951 P.O. Box 1142 Doncaster East Vic 3109 Email: [email protected] www.australianarmsauctions.com 15 % Buyers Premium + GST applies. Plus GST to any lots where indicated 1 L/R = Licence required in the State of Victoria. ALL ESTIMATES IN AUSTRALIAN DOLLARS. 1 B.S.A. MARTINI CADET RIFLE: 310 Cal; 25.2" barrel; g. bore; standard sights, swivels & front sight cover; $500 - 700 C of A markings to rhs of action & B.S.A. BIRMINGHAM & Trade mark to lhs; vg profiles & clear markings; blue finish to all metal; vg butt stock & forend with SA CMF markings to butt; gwo & vg cond. #47103 L/R 2 TURKISH ISSUE GER 88 B/A INFANTRY RIFLE: 7.92x57; 5 shot box mag; 28.25" barrel; g. bore; standard $600 - 700 sights, rod & swivels; breech with German Imperial crown AMBERG 1891; GEW 88 to side rail; g. profiles & clear markings; blue/black finish to barrel, bands, receiver & magazine; bolt in the white; g.
    [Show full text]
  • 1892-1929 General
    HEADING RELATED YEAR EVENT VOL PAGE ABOUKIR BAY Details of HM connections 1928/112 112 ABOUKIR BAY Action of 12th March Vol 1/112 112 ABUKLEA AND ABUKRU RM with Guards Camel Regiment Vol 1/73 73 ACCIDENTS Marine killed by falling on bayonet, Chatham, 1860 1911/141 141 RMB1 marker killed by Volunteer on Plumstead ACCIDENTS Common, 1861 191286, 107 85, 107 ACCIDENTS Flying, Captain RISK, RMLI 1913/91 91 ACCIDENTS Stokes Mortar Bomb Explosion, Deal, 1918 1918/98 98 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Death of Major Oldfield Vol 1/111 111 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Turkish Medal awarded to C/Sgt W Healey 1901/122 122 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Ball at Plymouth in 1804 to commemorate 1905/126 126 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Death of a Veteran 1907/83 83 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Correspondence 1928/119 119 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Correspondence 1929/177 177 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) 1930/336 336 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) Syllabus for Examination, RMLI, 1893 Vol 1/193 193 ACRE, SORTIE FROM (1799) of Auxiliary forces to be Captains with more than 3 years Vol 3/73 73 ACTON, MIDDLESEX Ex RM as Mayor, 1923 1923/178 178 ADEN HMS Effingham in 1927 1928/32 32 See also COMMANDANT GENERAL AND GENERAL ADJUTANT GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING of the Channel Fleet, 1800 1905/87 87 ADJUTANT GENERAL Change of title from DAGRM to ACRM, 1914 1914/33 33 ADJUTANT GENERAL Appointment of Brigadier General Mercer, 1916 1916/77 77 ADJUTANTS "An Unbroken Line" - eight RMA Adjutants, 1914 1914/60, 61 60, 61 ADMIRAL'S REGIMENT First Colonels - Correspondence from Lt.
    [Show full text]