Biological Opinion

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Biological Opinion United States Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2321 West Royal Palm Road, Suite 103 Phoenix, Arizona 85021-4951 Telephone: (602) 242-0210 FAX: (602) 242-2513 In Reply Refer To: AESO/SE 22410-2007-F-0132 June 14, 2007 02-21-02-F-229 02-21-98-F-266 Colonel Jonathan B. Hunter Commander, U.S. Army Garrison 2837 Boyd Avenue, Rodney Hall Fort Huachuca, Arizona 85613-7001 Dear Col. Hunter: Thank you for your request for formal consultation with the FWS pursuant to section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1544), as amended (Act). Your request was dated December 28, 2006, and received by us on December 29, 2006. We transmitted a letter requesting additional information on January 11, 2007. Your submittal of additional information was dated February 12, 2007, and was received by us on February 14, 2007. At issue are impacts that may result from the proposed ongoing and future military operations and activities at Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona. The proposed action may affect the endangered Huachuca water umbel (Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva) and the species’ critical habitat, the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) with critical habitat, the threatened Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida), the endangered lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae), and the endangered Sonora tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi). You also requested formal consultation on the Huachuca springsnail (Pyrgulopsis thompsoni), a candidate for Federal listing, and the Ramsey Canyon leopard frog (Rana subaquavocalis), which lacks any Federal status at this time, and you requested informal consultation on the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), a candidate for Federal listing. We do not consult nor confer on actions that affect species that are not proposed or listed under the Act. We will, however, provide technical assistance on these species at your request. In your December 28, 2006, and February 14, 2007, letters, you requested our concurrence with your determination that the proposed action may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the endangered Canelo Hills ladies’ tresses (Spiranthes delitescens); the threatened bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus); the endangered jaguar (Panthera onca); the threatened spikedace (Meda fulgida) with then proposed, now final critical habitat; the endangered Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis occidentalis), and the endangered desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) with critical habitat. We concur with your determinations for these species, and have provided our rationales in Appendix A. Your December 28, 2006, letter also stated that you had determined your proposed action would have no effect on the threatened Cochise pincushion cactus (Coryphantha robbinsorum), Colonel Jonathan B. Hunter 2 candidate Lemmon fleabane (Erigeron lemmonii), endangered northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis), endangered Ocelot [Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis], threatened Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis), threatened New Mexico ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi obscurus), endangered California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus), endangered Gila chub (Gila intermedia), threatened beautiful shiner (Cyprinella formosa), threatened Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei), endangered Yaqui chub (Gila purpurea), and the endangered Yaqui topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis sonoriensis). We recommend that you maintain a complete administrative record documenting the decision process and supporting information for these determinations. This draft biological opinion is based on information provided in: (1) the December 2006 Programmatic Biological Assessment for Ongoing and Future Military Operations and Activities at Fort Huachuca, Arizona (PBA); (2) the February 2007 addendum to the PBA (Revised PBA); (3) meetings, telephone conversations, and exchanges of electronic mail between our respective staffs; and (4) other published and unpublished sources of information. Literature cited in this biological opinion is not a complete bibliography of all literature available on the species of concern or the effects of military operations on fish, wildlife, and plants, or on other subjects considered in this opinion. A complete administrative record of this consultation is on file at the Arizona Ecological Services Office (AESO). Consultation History • August 23, 2002: We transmitted to you our final biological opinion (File nos. 2-21-02- F-229 and 2-21-98-F-266) of the effects of activities authorized, carried out, or funded by the Department of the Army at and near Fort Huachuca (Fort), Arizona on the Huachuca water umbel and critical habitat, southwestern willow flycatcher, Mexican spotted owl with critical habitat, lesser long-nosed bat, and Sonora tiger salamander. The proposed action was found to not jeopardize these species, nor adversely modify critical habitat where designated. • March 16, 2006: We received your March 10, 2006, letter stating that preparation of the PBA was underway. • June 21, 2006: You transmitted to us a letter stating your intent to reinitiate formal consultation. • January 11, 2007: We transmitted to you a letter (File nos. 22410-2007-I-0132, 2-21-02- F-229, and 2-21-98-F-266) acknowledging the receipt of your PBA and outlining the additional information we required in order to complete formal consultation on the proposed action. • February 14, 2007: We received your February 12, 2007, response to our January 11, 2007, request for additional information. Your letter included a revised PBA and appendices. Though sufficient information was received with which to complete formal consultation, we did not respond with a letter to that effect. • May 24, 2007: We transmitted the draft biological opinion to you. Colonel Jonathan B. Hunter 3 • June 7, 2007: We received your June 5, 2007, comments on the draft biological opinion. BIOLOGICAL OPINION DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION The following narrative has been adapted directly from the Revised PBA to ensure an accurate description of the proposed action, including the proposed conservation measures. The proposed action includes programmed facilities development projects on the installation, resource management, recreation, and other land uses. This section concludes with summary descriptions of operations and activities that occur in, or are programmed for, training areas across the installation. This section incorporates the conservation measures in Section 5 of the Revised PBA, which will be implemented by Fort Huachuca as part of the proposed action. These conservation measures will also be restated in the section entitled Description of the Proposed Conservation Measures, which follows. The ongoing and future military operations and activities at Fort Huachuca that are evaluated in the Revised PBA and this biological opinion do not include the potential for a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) action. There is a potential for another BRAC to occur within the 2011- 2014 timeframe, at which time Fort Huachuca could be significantly affected, either by realignment or closure. If Fort Huachuca is part of a BRAC action in the future, it will be covered under a separate consultation. Baseline Operations, Activities, and Missions The ongoing missions and activities at Fort Huachuca constitute the baseline at the installation. Additional activities and missions that have occurred since the 2002 BA are included in the operational baseline. These include increases in military intelligence training load, classrooms, single soldier housing and testing and training facilities [Environmental Assessment (EA), Dec 2001 and EA, Nov 2004], the replacement of two elementary schools on Fort Huachuca, Rehabilitation of Historic Adobe Structures at Fort Huachuca, Arizona (EA, March 2002), Implementation of an Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (EA, August 2002), Construction and Operation of a DOD HUMINT Training Center, Fort Huachuca (EA, November 2002), Construction and Maintenance of a Security Fence for LAAF/Sierra Vista Municipal Airport at Fort Huachuca, AZ (EA, April 2003), Future Development Master Plan for the Joint Interoperability Test Command (EA, May 2004), Wilcox Gate Area Development Plan (EA, May 2004) and USAIC Future Development Plan (EA, November 2004). This section also includes several proposed actions for which NEPA analysis is either completed or in progress, but the decisions to implement the projects have not been made. These projects include: a proposed Air National Guard UAV squadron, a renewable energy Environmental Assessment (EA) in draft, expanded border patrol activities at Fort Huachuca to include UAV activities, expansion of Sites Papa and Uniform, range improvements to include upgrading Range 13, creating a convoy live-fire course on the east range, establishing a forward operating base at Site Maverick, developing a Military Operations Urban Terrain Facility, creating an unmanned aerial systems training battalion, establishing an EPG multipurpose building and UAV runway on the east range, and establishing a Joint Center of Excellence for MI training. Colonel Jonathan B. Hunter 4 Intelligence and communications systems testing and training activities account for nearly 95 percent of training range use (USAIC&FH, 1997). Other supported activities on the installation include field training exercises, aviation activities, live-fire qualification and
Recommended publications
  • Mod Signs up for 200 Ocelot Light Protected Patrol Vehicles
    Force Protection Europe Limited Ricardo plc Midlands Technical Centre, Shoreham Technical Centre Southam Road, Radford Semele, Shoreham-by-Sea Leamington Spa, CV31 1FQ West Sussex BN43 5FG Tel: +44 (0)1926 319 494 Tel: +44 (0)1273 455611 MoD signs up for 200 Ocelot light protected patrol vehicles – Contract award gives Force Protection Europe two industry firsts – Force Protection Europe has signed a contract with the UK MoD to supply an order of 200 Ocelots, and an initial spares package, for the Light Protected Patrol Vehicles (LPPV) programme. The contract is valued at approximately £180 million and delivery of the vehicles is scheduled to be completed by Spring 2012. The announcement means that Force Protection Europe’s unique new light protected patrol vehicle can now lay claim to two important industry firsts. The Ocelot will be the first ever British designed and built protected patrol vehicle to include a fully composite pod to protect the occupants. This innovative module has been developed by drawing on technology from the motorsports industry. Ocelot will also be the first British military vehicle to accommodate the MoD’s new Generic Vehicle Architecture (GVA) requirements. The objective of the GVA project is to create a single, standard digital electronic and electrical architecture for UK vehicles that will enable crew to manage power and handle data efficiently on the vehicle, and for the vehicle to be easily adapted when the need arises. The award is also a significant boost to Force Protection Europe’s supply chain which is 90 percent British by value. Designed, developed and built in the UK by survivability specialist Force Protection Europe and automotive specialist Ricardo plc, together with Team Ocelot partners Thales, QinetiQ, Formaplex, DSG and Sula, Ocelot is the most highly protected and agile vehicle of its size and weight that is available today.
    [Show full text]
  • Species at Risk on Department of Defense Installations
    Species at Risk on Department of Defense Installations Revised Report and Documentation Prepared for: Department of Defense U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Submitted by: January 2004 Species at Risk on Department of Defense Installations: Revised Report and Documentation CONTENTS 1.0 Executive Summary..........................................................................................iii 2.0 Introduction – Project Description................................................................. 1 3.0 Methods ................................................................................................................ 3 3.1 NatureServe Data................................................................................................ 3 3.2 DOD Installations............................................................................................... 5 3.3 Species at Risk .................................................................................................... 6 4.0 Results................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Nationwide Assessment of Species at Risk on DOD Installations..................... 8 4.2 Assessment of Species at Risk by Military Service.......................................... 13 4.3 Assessment of Species at Risk on Installations ................................................ 15 5.0 Conclusion and Management Recommendations.................................... 22 6.0 Future Directions.............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The African American Soldier at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1892-1946
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 2-2001 The African American Soldier At Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1892-1946 Steven D. Smith University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/anth_facpub Part of the Anthropology Commons Publication Info Published in 2001. © 2001, University of South Carolina--South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology This Book is brought to you by the Anthropology, Department of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIER AT FORT HUACHUCA, ARIZONA, 1892-1946 The U.S Army Fort Huachuca, Arizona, And the Center of Expertise for Preservation of Structures and Buildings U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Seattle, Washington THE AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIER AT FORT HUACHUCA, ARIZONA, 1892-1946 By Steven D. Smith South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology University of South Carolina Prepared For: U.S. Army Fort Huachuca, Arizona And the The Center of Expertise for Preservation of Historic Structures & Buildings, U.S. Army Corps of Engineer, Seattle District Under Contract No. DACW67-00-P-4028 February 2001 ABSTRACT This study examines the history of African American soldiers at Fort Huachuca, Arizona from 1892 until 1946. It was during this period that U.S. Army policy required that African Americans serve in separate military units from white soldiers. All four of the United States Congressionally mandated all-black units were stationed at Fort Huachuca during this period, beginning with the 24th Infantry and following in chronological order; the 9th Cavalry, the 10th Cavalry, and the 25th Infantry.
    [Show full text]
  • Cochise-County-History-Duncan.Pdf
    "K rf sC'U 't ' wjpkiJ'aiAilrfy "j11" '.yj.jfegapyp.-jtji1- M THE BISBEE DAILY T vk EVIEW MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS. VOLUME 14. SECTION TWO BISBEE, ARIZONA, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 5, 1911 PAGES 9 TO 14. NUMBER 154. i , ! v Stories of the Early Days of Cochise County Written For The Review By James F. Duncan Of Tombstone ' In 187C I was at Signal, Arizona, a that it could not do tbc work, and to the Tombstone Mill and Mining would havo put to rest all the trumped lug of tlie trouble; dreaming of noth- Corblns up town at that time or probably one hun the jut a mill of their own, company f Hartford, Conn., by Rich- - tip stories that have been told by ing, only working away, and fifty people. to work tho ore from tho Lncky Cujs never think- dred L. j persons I first became acquainted with Dick mine, which they purchased In the P' Gus Barron's Own Storv jsrd Gird; Nellie, his. wife, Ed. who knew nothing only from ing for a moment of what was coming. Gird In the year l&i.,atthelia"kberry winter of 1878 or 187U. After the jH Schieffelln and A. H. Schieffelln of j hearsay. Although Gird was very Not so with Al Schieffelln. Ho re- mine, where ho was at that time run mm wits vrecicu nicy Hinrieu anu ran Arizona. I. S. Vosburg otjerous In dividing up with tho Schlef-Tucso- membered well how ho used to wort; It twenty-tw- o days, ning the mill.
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of Natural History
    p m r- r-' ME FYF-11 - - T r r.- 1. 4,6*. of the FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY THE COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF BOBCAT, BLACK BEAR, AND FLORIDA PANTHER IN SOUTH FLORIDA David Steffen Maehr Volume 40, No. 1, pf 1-176 1997 == 46 1ms 34 i " 4 '· 0?1~ I. Al' Ai: *'%, R' I.' I / Em/-.Ail-%- .1/9" . -_____- UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY am published at irregular intervals Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. JOHN F. EISENBERG, EDITOR RICHARD FRANZ CO-EDIWR RHODA J. BRYANT, A£ANAGING EMOR Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manuscripts should be addressed to: Managing Editor. Bulletin; Florida Museum of Natural Histoty, University of Florida P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville FL 32611-7800; US.A This journal is printed on recycled paper. ISSN: 0071-6154 CODEN: BF 5BAS Publication date: October 1, 1997 Price: $ 10.00 Frontispiece: Female Florida panther #32 treed by hounds in a laurel oak at the site of her first capture on the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge in central Collier County, 3 February 1989. Photograph by David S. Maehr. THE COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF BOBCAT, BLACK BEAR, AND FLORIDA PANTHER IN SOUTH FLORIDA David Steffen Maehri ABSTRACT Comparisons of food habits, habitat use, and movements revealed a low probability for competitive interactions among bobcat (Lynx ndia). Florida panther (Puma concotor cooi 1 and black bear (Urns amencanus) in South Florida. All three species preferred upland forests but ©onsumed different foods and utilized the landscape in ways that resulted in ecological separation.
    [Show full text]
  • Jedediah Strong Smith's Lands Purchased by Ralph Smith in Ohio
    Newsletter of the Jedediah Smith Society • University of the Pacific, Stockton, California FALL/WINTER 2010 - SPRING 2011 Jedediah Strong Smith’s located in Richland County, Green Township. (Note: Dale Morgan’s book seems to be mistaken when it says that they moved Lands to Ashland County Ohio in 1817. Ashland County did not exist until 1846, having been made up of parts of Wayne and Richland Purchased by Ralph Smith in Ohio Counties.) It is assumed that young Jedediah Strong Smith lived By Roger Williams with his parents and siblings at this location until approximately 1820, when he left home, headed west and ended up in St. Louis, Missouri in the early spring of 1821. It was also inferred that the I have read the book “Jedediah Smith Smith family was not monetarily well off, so that may have been a and the Opening of the West” by Dale factor in Jedediah S. Smith’s decision to leave home. (2) Morgan, copyright 1953; wherein he has provided several letters of Jedediah I have searched the tax records as far back as 1826 and have S. Smith to his mother and father and not found where Jedediah Smith Sr. or Ralph Smith owned land his brother Ralph Smith. This is a in Green Township. It is not a far stretch to believe that they may wonderful book on Jedediah Smith and have rented land, share cropped, or operated another general store his family. In Mr. Morgan’s book there and lumber sales that were actually owned by another person. is a note saying that Jedediah S.
    [Show full text]
  • Matthews, John, “Arbuckles’ ‘Ariosa’: a Household Word,” Grain Producers News, (November, 1974)
    JOHN MATTHEWS COLLECTION-MSS 88 Donated to the Arizona Historical Society in 2012 by the Arizona Historical Foundation. Box 1 Folder 1 Judd, Dr.B. Ira & Mathews, John, “Poisonous Range Plants-Part 1”, Agrichemical (December, 1973) Folder 2 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Mathews, John, “Poisonous Range Plants-Part 2,” Agrichemical (January, 1974) Folder 3 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Mathews, John, “You Need to Know Poisonous Range Plants,” Progressive Farmer, (March, 1974) Folder 4 Judd , Dr . B . Ira & Mathews , John, “Nature ‘ s Four Horsemen Ravage the Plains; Dust Bowl Revisited,” Grain Producers News, (October, 1974) Folder 5 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Matthews, John, “Arbuckles’ ‘Ariosa’: A Household Word,” Grain Producers News, (November, 1974) Folder 6 Matthews, John, “Grassroots Graffiti,” Grain Producers News, (May, 1975) Folder 7 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Matthews, John, “Dr. George Washington Carver,” Grain Producers News, (August, 1975) Folder 8 Matthews, John, “Mr. Spratt’s Amazing Biscuit,” Grain Producers News, (November, 1975) Folder 9 Matthews, John, “A Wild Dash to the Canyon,” Grain Producers News, (April, 1976) Folder 10 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Matthews, John, “Changing the Pet’s Menu,” Feedstuffs, (May 31.,1976) Folder 11 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Matthews, John, “Bye, Bye Broomcorn,” Grain Producers News, (August, 1976) Folder 12 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Matthews, John, “Montezuma’s Gift to the World,” Grain Producers News, (September, 1976) Folder 13 Judd, Dr. B. Ira & Matthews, John, “The Great American Movement,” Grain Producers News, (October, 1976) Matthews, John- 1 of 4 Arizona Historical Society at Papago Park, 1300 N. College Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281 Phone: 480-929-0292 ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Old West / Wild West Part 3 (Edited from Wikipedia)
    Old West / Wild West Part 3 (Edited from Wikipedia) THE OREGON TRAIL To get to the rich new lands of the West Coast, there were two options: some sailed around the southern tip of South America during a six-month voyage, but 400,000 others walked there on an overland route of more than 2,000 miles; their wagon trains usually left from Missouri. They moved in large groups under an experienced wagonmaster, bringing their clothing, farm supplies, weapons, and animals. These wagon trains followed major rivers, crossed prairies and mountains, and typically ended in Oregon and California. Pioneers generally attempted to complete the journey during a single warm season, usually over the course of six months. By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho. Trails were cleared further and further west, eventually reaching all the way to the Willamette Valley in Oregon. This network of wagon trails leading to the Pacific Northwest was later called the Oregon Trail. The eastern half of the route was also used by travelers on the California Trail (from 1843), Mormon Trail (from 1847), and Bozeman Trail (from 1863) before they turned off to their separate destinations. In the "Wagon Train of 1843", some 700 to 1,000 emigrants headed for Oregon; missionary Marcus Whitman led the wagons on the last leg. In 1846, the Barlow Road was completed around Mount Hood, providing a rough but passable wagon trail from the Missouri River to the Willamette Valley: about 2,000 miles.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Guide Monthly • Issue #2
    Army G uide monthly # 2 (77) February 2011 International Export Markets Beckon for FPE`s World-Leading Next-Gen Vehicle KONGSBERG logs PROTECTOR Contract valued at 80 MNOK with Swedish Defence Forces BAE Systems gets R900m MRAP upgrade deal GCC and Jordan defence budget is expected to hit US$68Bn (Dh249 billion) in 2011 BAE Systems to Modernize Bradley Vehicles through $47 Million Contract DARPA issues Experimental Crowd-derived Combat-support Vehicle (XC2V) Design Challenge TiaLinx Launches Mini-Robot with a Long Standoff Capability to Detect Motion and Breathing Inside a Compound BAE Systems selects Sagem’s Sigma 30 inertial reference unit for Archer artillery systems Rheinmetall takes up a majority share in ADS GmbH Jenoptik awarded partial contract for the new PUMA infantry fighting vehicle worth almost 40 million euros Swedish Akers Krutbruk big winner on the Finnish Patria deal iRobot Announces International PackBot Orders New Armoured Vehicle Technology from Africa to Shake Up the Market Minister for International Security Strategy dispatches two Ocelots for trials Down Under Norwegian Armed Forces Adopt FN MINIMI Machine Gun Norway Buys Rubber Tracks for CV90 Afghan Operations US Army increases scope of KONGSBERG CROWS II framework agreement Nanotechnology could pave the way for hydrogen fuels Oshkosh Defense to Deliver Additional M-ATV Protection Kits www.army-guide.com Army Guide Monthly • #2 (77) • February 2011 Defence Industry million ($14 million) from the Swedish Defence Forces (FMV). International Export Markets Beckon for FPE`s World-Leading Next-Gen Vehicle The order is part of the PROTECTOR Nordic program where Sweden and Norway in cooperation will procure the same RWS configuration for use throughout their platforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Przemysł Zbrojeniowy Przemysł Zbrojeniowy Jest Jednym Z Elementów Potencjału Obronnego Państwa
    Przemysł zbrojeniowy zbrojeniowy Przemysł Przemysł zbrojeniowy jest jednym z elementów potencjału obronnego państwa. Obecna sytuacja polityczna na Przemysł zbrojeniowy świecie, naznaczona przez pojawianie się kolejnych źródeł niestabilności, narastanie sprzeczności oraz próby redefi nicji porządku międzynarodowego, przekłada się w sposób Tendencje, perspektywy, naturalny na zwiększone zainteresowanie tym sektorem. uwarunkowania, innowacje Prezentowana monografi a stanowi próbę interdyscyplinarnego spojrzenia na problematykę przemysłu zbrojeniowego. […] Mam nadzieję, że materiał ten stanie się przyczynkiem do naukowej refl eksji i będzie źródłem twórczej inspiracji do . dalszych badań. innowacje uwarunkowania, perspektywy, Tendencje, Rafał Kopeć (z Wprowadzenia) REDAKCJA NAUKOWA RAFAŁ KOPEĆ Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie Prace Monografi czne 747 ISBN 978-83-7271-965-2 ISSN 0239-6025 Przemysł zbrojeniowy Tendencje, perspektywy, uwarunkowania, innowacje Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie Prace Monograficzne 747 Prace Monograficzne747 w im. KomisjiEdukacjiNarodowej Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny Krakowie uwarunkowania, innowacje uwarunkowania, perspektywy, Tendencje, zbrojeniowy Przemysł RAFAŁ KOPEĆ RAFAŁ NAUKOWA REDAKCJA WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU PEDAGOGICZNEGO KRAKÓW 2016 Recenzent Płk dr hab. inż. Marek Kubiński © Copyright by Rafał Kopeć & Wydawnictwo Naukowe UP, Kraków 2016 redakcja: Ewa Zamorska-Przyłuska projekt okładki: Janusz Schneider, Ewa Zamorska-Przyłuska ISSN 0239-6025
    [Show full text]
  • Mine-Protected Transports 2013
    Mine-protected Transports 2013 armada INTERNATIONAL: The trusted source for defence technology information since 1976 To bridge the gap between its Cobra light armoured vehicle and its IFVs Otokar of Turkey developed a mine-resistant vehicle named Kaya. (Otokar) MINE-PROTECTED TRANSPORTS: WHat LIES AHEAD? One of the unanswered questions for most military planners is what will happen after Afghanistan. The Second Gulf War, or to be more precise the “follow-on stabilisation effort”, had led to a new category of vehicle, namely the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected, or Mrap as it became universally known. As this definition is very much US-related we prefer that of “mine-protected vehicles”, which includes the notion of protection against improvised explosive devices, which became the main risk for troops moving in theatre. Paolo Valpolini raq’s main lines of communications protection and patrol missions, a role in surroundings, thus an upwards spiralling and flat desert tracks were a perfect which most widely produced military quickly started. setting for vehicles based on a vehicle in the American inventory showed of truck chassis carrying highly limitations in terms of survivability. In In the early days of the Afghan mission, Iprotected crew cells. These vehicles Iraq, dimensions and weights of those those vehicles initially seemed up to their started to replace the Humvees in convoy Mraps were not much limited by their new theatre of operations, but things armada Mine Protected Transports 1/2013 01 The motor pool of a US Marine Corps base in Afghanistan. The United States will soon have to decide how to cope with all the Mraps acquired in the last decade – more than 27,000 of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Thesis Jonas Geldmann
    UNIVE RSI T Y OF COPE NHAGEN FACULT Y OF S C IENCE CENTER FOR M A CROECOL OGY, EVOLUT ION A ND CLIMAT E PhD thesis Jonas Geldmann Evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas for maintaining biodiversity, securing habitats, and reducing threats Academic advisor: Professor Neil D. Burgess Submitted: August 2013 UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN FACULTY OF SCIENCE CENTER FOR MACROECOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND CLIMATE PhD thesis Jonas Geldmann Evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas for maintaining biodiversity, securing habitats, and reducing threats Academic advisor: Professor Neil D. Burgess This thesis has been submitted august 2013 to the PhD School of The Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Institutnavn: Biologisk Institut (Center for Makroøkologi, Evolution og Klima) Name of department: Department of Biology (Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate) Author: Jonas Geldmann Titel og evt. undertitel: Beskyttede områders evne til at bevare landskaber og biodiversitet samt reducere menneskelig trusler Title / Subtitle: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Protected Areas for maintaining Biodiversity, securing habitats, and reducing threats Subject description: This PhD. is part of the conservation theme at the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (CMEC). The main focus has been to understand how terrestrial protected areas help protect nature and reduce human impact by evaluating changes in state or pressure as a consequence of protected areas as a conservation response. Academic advisor: Professor Neil D. Burgess, Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, UNEP World Centre for Monitoring of Conservation, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and World Wildlife Fund, USA. External advisor: Dr. Lauren Coad, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom Submitted: August 2013 Grade: PhD thesis Cover photo: elephant: wallcloud.
    [Show full text]