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Proquest Dissertations Spatial integration: A space syntax analysis of the villages of the Homol'ovi Cluster Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Gann, Douglas Wayne Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 11:52:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280412 SPATIAL INTEGRATION A SPACE SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF THE VILLAGES OF THE HOMOL'OVI CLUSTER by Douglas Wayne Gann Copyright ® Douglas Wayne Gann 2 0 03 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 3 UMI Number: 3108903 Copyright 2003 by Gann, Douglas Wayne All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3108903 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Conuaittee, we certify chat we have read the dissertation prepared bv Douglas Wayne Gann entitled Spatial integration: A Space Syntax Analysis of the Villages of the Homol'ovi Cluster and recomraend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation re^uixemanc for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Paul R. Fish Date Bar. Date Dennis Doxtater Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon Che candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and reconanend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: 4 ACKNOWLEGMENTS In May of 1988, I had the good fortune to be offered a position as a crew chief to assist E. Charles Adams and the Homol'ovi Research Program in the archaeological excavation of Homol'ovi III. During this time I was provided with an amazing opportunity to work with some of the most skilled professional colleagues and dedicated volunteers that I have ever had the opportunity to meet. There is no possible way to list the names of all of the people who provided insight and education on the practice of archaeology, however I would like to thank the tireless work of Dr Adams, Assistant Director Rich Lange, and the dedicated crew chiefs and laboratory staff of the Homol'ovi Research Program. I also wish to extend a heartfelt note of thanks to Karen Berggren, and the staff of the Homolovi Ruins State Park. I would also like to thank the members of my dissertation committee I am very happy to thank Chuck Adams, Dennis Doxtater, Paul Fish, Alvero Malo, and Barbara Mills for an enlightening comprehensive examination and an excellent educational program. I would also like to express my gratitude to Bill Doelle and my colleagues at the Center for Desert Archaeology, who provided additional support and the use of a number of key digital assets during the writing of this research. A crucial component of this dissertation research was supported by Vincent LaMotta, who's detailed chronology of Homol'ovi I provided an excellent basis for my analysis. I would also express my thanks to my parents who supported my long tenure as a graduate student, and who never wavered in their support and their belief that I would one day complete my dissertation research. I lack the words to express the debt I owe them. There have been a number of friends who I must also thank for a number of people for their inspiration and encouragement, and for this I express my gratitude to my wife, Gretchen Shoenfield, and my friends Jenny Adams, David Glasco, Baird Green, Chris Greene, Craig Howe, Patrick Lyons, Cathy Mickaels, Kyle Miller, Mark Neupert, Adam Smith, Byron Taylor and Bill Walker. 5 For Gretchen 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 10 LIST OF TABLES 21 ABSTRACT 22 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2 3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 24 USE OF THE PHRASE ARCHITECTURE 32 ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT....36 Early Anthropological Approaches: Evolutionary- Typologies 3 8 Functionalist Approaches: Social Integration and the Built Environment 41 Representation and Opposition; Structuralist Approaches to the Built Environment 43 Production, Negotiation, and Reification Post Structuralist views of the Built Environment 46 ANTHROPOLOGIAL THEORY AND THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE 51 Territoriality 52 Imageability and Wayfinding 53 Holistic Approaches 54 Symbolic Approaches to the Built Environment 57 Space Syntax 59 SUMMARY OUTLINE OF THE CURRENT STUDY 62 CHAPTER 2: CULTURE HISTORY OF INTEGRATIVE SPACES AND SOUTHWESTERN VILLAGES 66 The Development of Southwestern Villages in Relation to the Concept of Integrative Spaces; The Early Agricultural Period 67 Early Community Structures: the Great Kivas of the Mogollon Highlands 73 The Pithouse-to-Pueblo Transition and the Development of the Small Kiva 76 Small Kivas in the Pueblo World 83 Patterning in Small Kiva Construction 84 Further Refinements of Small and Great Kivas 90 The Development of Formal Plaza Spaces from Village Open Spaces and Great Kivas 98 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued CHAPTER 3 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HOMOLOVI CLUSTER 110 The Puebloan Built Environment and the Concept of Social Integration 104 The Physical Setting of the Homol'ovi Ruins Cluster 114 The Culture History of the Homol'ovi Region 116 Regional Patterning 117 THE VILLAGES OF HOMOLOVI 12 9 Homol'ovi IV 129 Ritual Spaces 132 Domestic Spaces 133 Spatial Patterning 134 Regional Drought and Settlement Patterns in CE 1280-1300 136 Homol'ovi I 137 Architectural Documentation 139 The Chronology of Construction at Homol'ovi I: Initial Construction Patterns 144 The Chronology of Construction at Homol'ovi I: The Tuwiuca Phase Village Plan 152 The Chronology of Construction at Homol'ovi I: The Early Homol'ovi Phase Village Plan...162 The Chronology of Construction at Homol'ovi I: The Late Homol'ovi Phase Village Plan....169 Potential for the use of Space Syntax Theory 172 Homol'ovi III 172 Integrative or Ritual Spaces 179 Domestic Spaces 180 Spatial Patterning 184 Cottonwood Creek Ruin 185 Jackrabbit Ruin 187 Chevelon Ruin 188 Homol'ovi II 192 Integrative Spaces 195 Domestic Spaces 197 Spatial Patterning 199 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued SUMMARY 200 CHAPTER 4: SPACE SYNTAX AND THE ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL INTERGRATION IN SMALL SETTLEMENTS 2 02 THE EVOLUTION OF SPACE SYNTAX THEORY 204 Generative Grammars of the Built Environment 205 The Study of Spatial Integration 217 Relative Asymmetry or Spatial Integration Scores 219 Measures of Control 223 Measures of "Ringiness" 225 Application of Space Syntax to Settlements and Buildings 226 Exterior spaces: Axial and Convex Space Analysis 226 Interior Space Analysis 227 Critiques of Space Syntax Methodology 232 Movement Economics and Spatial Integration 233 RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL REASEARCH UTILIZING SPACE SYNTAX 24 0 SUMMARY 256 CHAPTER 5 : OPEN SPACE AND ALL SPACE ANALYSIS OF PUEBLOAN SPACE: A VARIENT OF SPACE SNYTAX ANALYSIS 258 Selection of Analytical Software 260 A Methodology for Analyzing Spatial Systems as a Movement Economy 264 Exploring the Results of Axeman-Based Analysis 266 Examining the Structure of Open Space at Homol' ovi III 287 Expanding the Methodology, A Conjectural Approach 268 Further Conjecture 286 Evaluation of the Methodology 2 92 CHAPTER 6: THE SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF THE HOMOL'OVI PUEBLOS 296 THE SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF HOMOL'OVI I 297 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued The Transition to a Plaza-Oriented Pueblo: A Chronological Analysis of the Open Space Structure of Homol'ovi I 299 Interpretation 315 Expanding the Analysis 322 Analysis of Conjectural Reconstructions 323 Interpretation 342 ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL INTEGRATION OF HOMOLOVI II, HOMOL'OVI IV AND JACKRABBIT RUIN 347 Spatial Analysis of Homol' ovi II 348 Open Space Analysis 350 All-space Analysis 357 Interpretation 364 Spatial Analysis of Homol'ovi IV 368 Interpretation 380 Spatial Analysis of Jackrabbit Pueblo 381 Interpretation 389 SUMMARY 389 CHAPTER 7 - CONCLUSIONS 3 91 Evaluation of the Methodology 3 91 RESEARCH
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