9712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 By Mr. SHIPLEY: By Mr. BEGICH: authorized by House Resolution 819; to the H.R. 14028. A blli to support the price of H.R. 14036. A bill to restore to Federal Committee on House Administration. mllk at 90 percent of the parity price for civil1an employees their rights to participate, H. Res. 908. Resolution providing expenses the period beginning April 1, 1972, and end­ as private citizens, 1n the political life of for the Committee on Interst81te and Foreign ing March 31, 1973; to the Committee on the Nation, to protect Federal civilian em­ Commerce; to the Committee on House Ad­ Agriculture. ployees from improper political solicitations, ministration. By Mr. SKUBITZ (for himself, Mr. and for other purposes; to the Committee on H. Res. 909. Resolution to provide funds SAYLOR, Mr. UDALL, Mr. STEIGER of House Administration. for the further expenses of the investigation Arizona, Mr. LLOYD, and Mr. Mc­ By Mr. DORN: and study authorized by House Resolution KAY): H.R. 14037. A bill to amend the Tariff 20; to the Committee on House Administra­ H.R. 14029. A bill to authorize the Secre­ Schedules of the United St9ites to provide tion. tary of the Interior to transfer franchise for the duty-free entry of mica films; to the H. Res. 910. Resolution providing for thA fees received from certain concession opera­ Committee on Ways and Means. expenses of the House Select Committee on tions at Glen Canyon Recreation Area, Ariz., By Mr. GUDE (for himself, Mr. HOGAN, Crime; to the Committee on House Admin~ .. and for other purposes; to the Committee on and Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia) : tration. [nterior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 14038. A bill to facilitate the resolu­ H. Res. 911. Resolution to provide funds fo~ By Mr. STAGGERS: tion of medical malpractice suits in the Dis­ the expenses of the investigations and stud­ H.R. 14030. A bill to amend the Public trict of Columbia; to the Committee on the ies authorized by rule Xl(8) and House Res­ Health Service Act to extend for 3 years the District of Columbia. olution 304; to the Committee on House Ad­ authorization for grants for communicable By Mrs. HICKS of Massachusetts: ministration. disease control and vaccination assistance; H.R. 14039. A bill to permit collective nego­ H. Res. 912. Resolution to provide for the to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign tiation by professional retail pharmacists further expenses of the investigation and Commerce. with third-party prepared prescription pro­ study authorized by House Resolution 201 H.R. 14031. A bill to provide increases in gram administrators and sponsors; to the for the Committee on Armed Services; to railroad retirement benefits comparable to Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on House Administration. those provided by the Social Security Amend­ By Mr. RIEGLE (for himself, Mr. ments of 1972; to the Committee on Inter­ CEDERBERG, Mr. GERALD R. FORD, and state and Foreign Commerce. Mr. PUPPE): MEMORIALS By Mr. THONE (for himself, Mr. CLEVE­ H.R. 14040. A bill to promote development LAND, Mr. CoLLINS of Texas, Mr. and expansion of community schools Under clause 4 of rule XXII, DENNIS, Mr. GRIFFIN, Mr. MELCHER, throughout the United States; to the Com­ 342. The SPEAKER presented a memorial and Mr. SCHMITZ) : mittee on Education and Labor. of the Senate of the State of Hawaii, rela­ H.R. 14032. A bill to amend the Occupa­ By Mr. SCOTT: tive to the recent report of the Commissio"O tional Safety and Health Act of 1970, and for H.R. 14041. A bill to provide a startup tax on Population Growth and the American other purposes; to the Committee on Educa­ adjustment program for small business and Future, which was referred to the Commt ·:~ tion and Labor. for persons engaged in small business; to tee on Government Operations. By Mr. VANIK: the Committee on Ways and Means. H.R. 14033. A bill to amend the Civil Rights By Mr. MANN: Act of 1964 in order to make discrimination H.J. Res. 1126. Joint resolution to pay trib­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONF; because of physical or mental handicap in ute to law enforcement officers of this employment an unlawful employment prac­ country on Law Day, May 1, 1972; to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private tice, unless there is a bona fide occupational Committee on the Judi<:iary. bills and resolutions were introduced and qualification reasonably necessary to the By Mr. McDADE: severally referred as follows: normal operation of that particular business H. Con. Res. 570. Concurrent resolution: By Mr. BURTON: or enterprise; to the Committee on Education The Northern Ireland Resolution; to the H.R. 14042. A bill for the relief of Jose and Labor. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Carlos Recalde Martorella; to the Committee By Mr. VANIK (for himself, Mr. ROSEN­ By Mr. PERKINS (for himself, Mrs. on the Judiciary. THAL, Mr. BADILLO, Mr. BIAGGI, Mr. GREEN of Oregon, Mr. THOMPSON of By Mr. DUNCAN: CLARK, Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. EILBERG, New Jersey, Mr. DENT, Mr. PuciNSKI, H.R. 14043. A bill for the relief of Lt. Col. Mr. FRASER, Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. HAL­ Mr. DANIELs of New Jersey, Mr. Horace Hill, U.S. Air Force Reserve (retired); PERN, Mr. HOSMER, Mr. KOCH, Mr. BRADEMAS, Mr. O'HARA, Mr. HAw­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. PODELL, Mr. RODINO, and Mr. KINs, Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD, Mrs. By Mr. KEMP: CHARLES H. WILSON) : MINK, Mr. SCHEUER, Mr. MEEDS, Mr. H.R. 14044. A bill for the relief of Richard H.R. 14034. A bill to :repeal the meat quota GAYDOS, Mr. CLAY, Mrs. CHISHOLM, Burton, SFC, U.S. Army (retired); to the provisions of Public Law 88--482; to the Com­ Mr. BIAGGI, Mrs. GRASSO, Mrs. HICKS Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Ways and Means. of Massachusetts, Mr. MAZZOLI, Mr. By Mr. PODELL: By Mr. WHALEN (for himself, Mrs. BADILLO, and Mr. REm) : H.R. 14045. A blll for the relief of Tino DwYER, Mr. KYROS, Mr. KASTENMEIER, H. Res. 905. Resolution urging supplemen­ Cattabianl, his wife, Caterina Cattabia.ni, and Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts, and tal appropriations to implement the Presi­ their minm- son, Pier Marla Cattabiani; to Mr. HICKS of Washing·ton): dent's message of March 17, 1972, calling for the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 14035. A bill to authorize the Presi­ equal educational opportunities; to the Com­ dent, through the temporary Vietnam Chil­ mittee on Education and Labor. dren's Care Agency, to enter into arrange­ By Mr. BADILLO: PETITIONS, ETC. ments with the Government of South Viet­ H. Res. 906. Resolution calling for an in­ nam to provide assistance in improving the crease in appropriations for title I of the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, welfare of children in South Vietnam and Elementary and Secondary Education Act; 203. The SPEAKER presented a petition of to facmtate the adoption of orphaned or to the Committee on Education and Labor. the City Council, Alexandria, Va., relative abandoned Vietnamese children, particularly By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: to placing the Liberty Bell on tour of the 50 children of U.S. fathers; to the Committee H. Res. 907. Resolution providing funds for States, which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the expenses of the investigations and studies on Interior and Insular Affairs.

EXTEN.SIO·NS OF REMARKS THE NEW OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY tion Journal" of March 1972 should be several exceptions, the act applies to all AND HEALTH ACT helpful: employment throughout the states and pos­ sessions. It is expected that it will apply THE NEW OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND to more than 4.1 million businesses and 57 HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE HEALTH ACT million employees. OF MISSOURI (By William B. Spann, Jr.) Legislation of the application of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES After extensive committee hearings and breadth deserves, indeed demands, the study floor debate, the Occupational Safety and and attention of lawyers, for there are few Tuesday, March 21, 1972 Health Act of 1970 was passed by Congress practitioners who will not have occasion to Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, there is in December of 1970 and signed into law by give advice that should take this act into the President as Public Law 91-596. The account. Ignorance of the application and considerable interest in possible revision effective date of the act was April 28, 1971. provisions of the act could be disastrous. of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards were promulgated on May 29, ef­ The act has teeth; its penalties are severe; Act of 1970, and I thought this recent fective August 27; thus, aggressive enforce­ criminal sanctions are provided, including analysis in the "American Bar Associa- ment of the act began on that date. With imprisonment if a death occurs; and· no one March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9713 would want to advise a calculated risk under required to be provided to the employer at Senate. The commission affords the oppor­ the act. the time of inspec:tion, but the names of tunity for a hearing, following which the THERE ARE THREE BASIC ELEMENTS those giving the notice may, upon their re­ commission, based on findings of fact, issues OF THE ACT quest, be eliminated. Upon receipt of this a.n order atll.rming, modifying or vacating The act contains three basic elements: notice, the secretary must determine whether the secretary's citation or proposed penalty ( 1) the issuance of occupational safety and reasonable grounds exist to make a special or directing other appropriate relief. This health standards by the Department of inspection and, if he determines there are order becomes final thirty days after its Labor; (2) provisions for federal enforce­ no reasonable grounds, he must advise the issuance. Rules of procedure before the re­ ment of these standards; with (3) effective employees or their representative in writing view commission have been issued, but are and in some cases severe sanctions or penal­ of this determination. There are also pro­ too detailed and complex for explanation ties when violations occur. Its primary pur­ cedures for employees to give written notice here. pose as defined in Section 5 of the act is that of alleged violations while an inspection is PROVISION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEWS IS LIMITED each employer "shall furnish to each of his going on. Section 9 deals with the issuance of cita­ Judicial review is provided by Section 11 employees employment and a. place of em­ of the act for any person adversely affected ployment which are free from recognized tions. If, as a result of the inspection, the secretary's representative believes that an or aggrieved by an order of the commission. hazards that are causing or likely to cause The parties seeking review must file a. peti­ death or serious physical harm ...". employer has violated the provisions of the act, he must issue with reasonable prompt­ tion in the United States court of appeals The heart of the act insofar as the need for for the circuit in which the violation is legal advice is concerned is Sections 8 ness a written citation setting forth the nature of the violation, including a reference alleged to have occurred or where the em­ through 13 and Section 17, which deal with ployer has its principal otll.ce, or in the Court inspections and investigations, the issuance to the provision of the act, standard, rule, regulation or order alleged to have been of Appeals for the District of Columbia. Cir­ of citations, procedures for enforcement, ju­ cuit, within sixty days following the issuance dicial review and penalties. In the various violS/ted. In addition, this section fixes a reasonable time for abatement of the viola­ of the commission's order. The court has au­ steps entailed in the issuance of citations and thority to grant temporary relief or a re­ notices and the procedures for enforcement, tion and provides that a notice in lieu of citation may be issued for de minimis viola:­ straining order and has power to enter, arbitrary and rather short time limits are upon the pleadings, testimony and proceed­ established: While it is too soon to have tions. The report of the conference commit­ tee of Congress suggests that reasonable ing in the record, a. decree modifying, a.tll.rm­ authoritative court interpretations of those ing or setting aside the order of the commis­ limitations, we may assume that they will promptness for issuance is not more than seventy-two hours from the time the viola­ sion and enforcing it to the extent that the receive the same strict construction the order is atll.rmed or modified. courts have applied to other acts protecting tion is detected (Conference Report 91-1765) . It is required that the citation be posted The provision for judicial review is sharp­ employees. A company that wants to protect ly limited. No objection which has not been itself under the act must do so within the prominently by the employer at or near each place of violation, and the failure to do so is urged before the commission can be con­ confines of the act or not at all. subject to a civil penalty of $1,000 for ea<:h sidered by the court unless the failure or ACT IS A VALID EXERCISE OF POLICE POWER violation. neglect to do so is excused because of ex­ Under the present status of the law, the traordinary circumstances, and the act pro­ CITATIONS NOT CONTESTED ARE NOT SUBJECT vides that the findings of the commission act will be upheld under the commerce TO REVIEW clause as a. valid exercise of the police power with respect to questions of fact, if sup­ for the protection of the health and welfare Section 10 sets forth the procedure for ported by substantial evidence on the record of the public. While the enforcement pro­ enforcement. If a. citation issues under Sec­ considered as a. whole, shall be conclusive. tion 9(a), the secretary within a. reasonable This writes into the act the rule with re­ ceedings appear to be somewhat harsh and gard to the findings of fact by the National almost summary in nature, they do afford time after termination of the inspection or Labor Relations Board of Universal Camera due process. I would expect any contest over investigation must notify the employer by certified mail of the penalty, if any, pro­ v. National Labor Relations Board, 340 U.S. consti:tutiona.lity to fall. posed under Section 17, and the employer 474 (1951}. It is provided, moreover, that the Section 8 deals with inspections, investi­ has only fifteen working days from receipt commencement of the proceedings in the gations and record keeping. It provides that of the notice to notify the secretary that he circuit court do not operate as a stay of the a.n agent of the Secretary of Labor may en­ intends to contest the citation or proposed order of the commission unless the court ter, without delay and a.t reasonable times, assessment of penalty. Under Section 10 (c), expressly so orders. any establishment, construction site or other any employee or representative of employees It appears that the judicial review pro­ area where work is performed. The agent is may within fifteen working days of the issu­ vided will furnish very little relief to em­ required to present appropriate credentials, ance of the citation contest the time allowed ployers from an order by the commission. to the owner, operator or agent in charge, for the abatement of the citation as unrea­ Even if a. party can establish the need for but inspection cannot be avoided by hiding sonable. If the employer fails to give notice additional evidence before the court, the out or by being indefinitely out of the city. of a.n intention to contest within fifteen court must return the case to the commission In the Congressional debates, it was sug­ working days of the receipt of the notice of to take this evidence and make it a. part of gested that if after a reasonable time no one the penalty or the employees fail to give no­ the record, and the commission may then shows up admitting to be the agent in tice within fifteen days of the citation con­ modify its own findings or make new find­ charge, the inspector may regard any em­ testing the time allowed for abatement, "the ings. The substantial evidence rule would ployee as the agent in charge for the purpose citation and assessment as proposed shall be apply to any further review by the court of presenting his credentials. No advance no­ deemed the final order of the [Occupational after the additional hearing before the com­ tice of inspection will be given, and, indeed, Safety and Health Review] Commission [ es­ mission. Section 17 (f) of the act provides that any tablished by Section 12 of the act] and not Section 11 (b) gives a right to the secre­ person giving advance notice without au­ subject to review by any court or agency". tary also to obtain review of a. final order thority from the secretary or his designees If a.n employer contests a citation or pen­ of the commission by filing in the circuit may be punished by a. fine of not more than alty in good faith, the time permitted by the court and,. if no petition for review is ftled $1,000 or Imprisonment of not more than six secretary for abatement does not begin to with a court of appeals within sixty days months, or both. run until the entry of a final order by the of the commission's order, the commission's EMPLOYER MUST KEEP ACCIDENT AND ILLNESS commission. If the citation 1s not complied findings of fact and order are conclusive in RECORDS with within the period for correction allowed, connection with any petition for enforce­ Section 8 also gives to the secretary sub­ the employer then 1s notified of the penalty ment filed after the expiration of the sixty­ poena power over a witness for the produc­ for failure to comply, and he has fifteen days day period. When the secretary files with the tion of evidence enforceable in the United to contest this proposed penalty. circuit court for enforcement, the clerk of States district courts and requires certain It should be made clear that there are two the court, unless otherwise ordered by the accident and illness records to be kept by penalties. Upon the issuance of a citation, a court, enters as a matter of routine a. decree the employer. penalty is involved and the penalty as pro­ enforcing the order, thus permitting con­ During the inspection a represelllta.tive of posed is enforced in some amount even tempt proceedings before the court to imple­ the employer and a representative authorized though the violation is corrected within the ment enforcement. In these enforcement by the employees must be given an oppor­ time allowed. More about the nature of this proceedings the court of appeals may assess tunity to accompany the Inspector, and if penalty later. I:f the violation 1s not corrected all of the penalties provided in Section 17 there is no authorized employee represelllta­ within the time allowed, a second and more of the act in addition to invoking any other tive, the inspector may consult with a rea­ severe penalty 1s assessed. Under the act, remedies available to it. sonable number of employees. The inspector the violation when cited incurs a penalty, the may also question prriva.tely any employer, theory being that the employer himself WHEN EMPLOYEES CAN BRING AN ACTION owner, operator, agent or employee. should maintain safety standards without Section 11 (c) provides protection against Inspection may also be requested by em­ the necessity of an inspection. discharge or discrimination to any employee ployees or employees' representatives by giv­ In case of any contest, the secretary must who files a complaint. Should an employee ing writJten notice to the secTeta.ry or his immediately advise the commission, which complain to the secretary of this action authorized representative of the claimed consists of three members appointed by the against him within thirty days of the alleged violation or danger. A copy of this notice is President by and with the consent of the violation, and if the secretary determines CXVIII--613-Part 8 9714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 that a violation has occurred, he may bring Subsection (e) states that an employer who In short, Sister Agnes Mary's approach to an action in a United States district court commits a willful violation that causes death education of students in associated medical for all appropriate relief for the employees, of an employee shall, upon conviction, be fields provides education in at least two including rehiring or reinstatement with pulshed by a fine of not more than $10,000 stages, allowing a student to get off at an back pay. or by imprisonment of not more than six early level with potential certification in his The commission's principal office is located months, or by both, and after the first con­ or her study area. in the District of Columbia, but it may hold viction, the penalty is doubled, that is, a fine It is designed to reduce college dropouts hearings or conduct proceedings at any other of not more than $20,000 or imprisonment of and prepare needy students for a job sooner; place. The chairman of the commission is not more than one year, or both. lower medical costs may be an added bonus. authorized to appoint hearing officers, and Subsection {g) provides for any person Most of all, the concept may be workable the report of the hearing officer becomes a making any false statement, representation in a whole variety of academic fields outside final order of the commission within thirty or certification in any document filed or re­ medicine, even engineering. days after he reports unless a member of quired to be maintained under the act, upon It has special attraction to the high school the commission directs that the report be conviction, a fine of not more than $10,000, graduate who is not sure he wants to spend reviewed by the commission. Thus, there is imprisonment for not more than six months, four years in college. Under the Mercy plan no certain right of review of the hearing or both. he can spend two or four years and leave officer's findings by the commission and, Subsection (j) gives to the commission au­ at either stage with a specific job capability. under, the substantial evidence rule applica­ thority to assess the civll penalties. Recall Stlll the program is built into the context ble to court review, the hearing officer's find­ that the secretary's office first proposes the of a four-year liberal arts curriculum. ings of fact frequently will be the ultimate civil penalties and, if they are not contested The basic concept of the program appears findings. within fifteen days, they automatically be­ so simple that it seems amazing no one has Section 13 provides for a special procedure come the order of the commission. If the done it be.fore. that gives the United States district courts matter 1s contested, then the commission Since its announcement, Mercy has re­ jurisdiction on petition of the secretary to would have authority to set the penalties ceived a flood of applications from people restrain any conditions or practices that are within the limits stated. of all ages anxious to participate in the pro~ found to be such that a danger exists which This short review of the new Occupational gram. could reasonably be expected to cause death Safety and Health Act should make it clear There 1s one hitch: In the program or serious physical harm either immediately that all lawyers, not just those who regularly financed by HEW, Mercy . necessarily must or before the danger can be eliminated advise employers or labor organizations, limit the number of students able to par­ through the routine enforcement procedures. should know the major provisions of this ticipate. Sister stresses that the HEW grant The district court may, on the filing of this legislation and how it affects clients who basically finances a test run of the concept. petition, grant a temporary restraining order will come for guidance. It is a major step on The first year is being spent in gathering immediately, but this can be effective for the part of the Federal Government into additional faculty and planning the curric­ the national employment picture. no longer than five days. A hearing must be ula. The ne~t four years will test its merit. set within that period if an ex parte restrain­ So, at the moment, Mercy must encourage ing order is granted. MERCY COLLEGE OF DETROIT many applicants to enroll in other areas of HOW EXISTENCE OF IMMINENT DANGER IS study. DETERMINED Because of its innovative nature, it im­ mensely improves the job advancement Section 13 (c) places determination in the HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS prospects of health field technicians and individual inspector as to whether imminent OF MICHIGAN professionals. danger exists. ~e inspector is required im­ mediately to· inform the affected employees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sister believes for better health care, greater responsib111ty must be given to well and employers of the danger and that he 1s Tuesday, March 21 1 1972 recommending to the secretary that relief prepared but lower ranked medical per­ be sought. Section 13(d) provides that if Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, it is sonnel, who are left dllly-dallying with test the secretary arbitrarily or capriciously falls with pleasure that I place into the REc­ tube cleaners and low salaries. to seek relief, any employee who may be in­ ORD an article on the new president of Recognizing her capab111ty, HEW this month named her as consultant in the de­ Jured by reason of this fai~ure or the em­ . Mercy College of Detroit, Sister Agnes ployee's representative may· bring an action velopment of allied health manpower in the Mary Mansour. Sister Agnes Mary not department's special area which assesses the against the secretary for a writ of mandamus only is a Detroiter but a graduate of to compel him to seek such an order. Trans­ merits -of health education programs seek­ lating the language of the act to plain par­ Mercy itself, which I am proud to say is ing federal funds. lance, this means simply that If an inspector a part of my 17th Congressional District. Mercy, perhaps best known until now as advises an employer that an 1mm1nent dan­ The sister's outstanding work as the alma mater of a recent Miss America ger exists which may cause death or serious a teacher and scholar is recognized (Pamela Ann Eldred), will try to alter the physical harm and that he fs recommending throughout the country and her new entire U.S. medical caste system with this that a temporary injunction be sought by plans and projects for Mercy offer much new approach. What attracted HEW interest the secretary, the secretary can be expected promise to the Detroit community. The was the plan's basic belief that many people to act almost immediately to obtain a re­ 1n medical fields are overtrained for the jobs straining order that would shut down the article written by Katherine Sudomier, they perform. Also, important a111ed health entire operation or that portion of it which which appeared in the Detroit News Sun­ Jobs could be fllled more quickly. threatens death or serious physical harm. day magazine, follows: Initially, Mercy's program wm mean more This section has not been used yet, and iJt A QUIET NUN WANTs To REVOL't7TloNizJ:. graduates in the three fields included in the 1s anticipated that its use will be rare. . • HEALTH EDUCATION HEW-funded project--medical technology, A recapitulation of the penalties in Sec­ medical record library ~cience and dietetics. , (By Katherine Sudomier-) The college hopes to add others as the ex­ tion 17 is in order. Subsection (a) provides · By the time dark-eyed Agnes Mary Man­ that any employer who willfully or repeated­ periment proves itself. sour graduated•from Mercy College of Detroit Sister Agnes Mary's fondest hopes are ly violates the act or any court rule or order and had gone .on to become a Sister of Mercy, promulgated or regulations prescribed, may tagged to her theory for the next stage: she had some very distinct ideas about what Graduates of two-year programs wlll do the be assessed' a civil penalty of not more than was wrong in the training of hospital per- $10,000 for each violation. more routine technical tasks now done by sonnel. . _ . those with baccalaureate degrees. These lat­ · Subsection (b) provides that any employer Many were being "ov.er-educated" for the who has received a citation for a serious ter professionals are expected to relieve doc­ jobs they were doing; some were·· attending tors of many duties they now perform, Violation shall be assessed a civil penalty of college for four years for a position they up· to $1,000 for each violation, al).d Subsec­ allowing them more time to spend on greater could learn in a single year. The educational­ medical problems. tion (c) that if the employer is cited for a waste was discouraging to students and added violation not deemed to be a serious viola­ Under current practice a medical tech­ t.o hospital costs of patients. nologist isn't allowed to release test results tion, he may be assessed up to $1,000. The Today-with a doctorate in biochemistry, only difference between the serious and non­ to patients, even though he makes and several years o~ college teaching experi-ence serious violation is the permissive nature of evaluates the test in many instances. More and a year's fellowship in administration to­ of the routine, semi-skllled jobs now being the penalty if it is regarded as nonserious. boost _her along-she is in a position to do From this point on, the penalties become performed by over-qualified graduates wlll something about it~ She was inaugurated open up to undergraduates who are trying more severe, adding strong teeth to the act. Friday .as Mercy's president, but. her plan al­ to pay their way through college. Subsection (d) provides that any employer ready 1s in motion. Moreover, the upgrading of the lower-rank who falls to correct a violation for which a - A five-year experiment underwritten by job will open job -opportunities for those who citation has been issued within the period $445,000 in federal Health, Education and want a sk111 they can learn quickly and permitted for its correction, may be assessed Welfare funds promises to revolutionize the cheaply. a c~vll penalty of not more than $1,000 for preparation of students in the ..field of allied "Better distribution of the health services each . day · during wh.ich the ciVil violation health sciences . .The sum -spread over five is absolutely vital for better health care," continues. years was part of' $21'2 mlllion given in 1971. Sister warns, adding that 1f professional March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9715 groups don't help raise the status of these Stymied as a med tech grad, Sister got her acknowledged to be the starting point for fields, the government might. master's degree at Catholic University in any accord that might be reached. In Michigan there is one doctor for every Washington, D.C., returned to Mercy and At that time, we labeled the whole ven­ 933 people, with an even higher ratio in rural taught chemistry, got her doctorate in bio­ ture a "gamble where the odds are heavily areas. This compares favorably to South chemistry at Georgetown University 1n against (the United States) from the sta.rt." Carolina, with one physician for 1,341 resi­ Washington, returned to be chairman of Our concern for the integrity of this nation's dents, but unfavorably with New York, with Mercy's Chemistry Department and then solemn treaty obligation with the Taiwan one doctor for each 518 people. the Natural Science Department. government was shared by many diplomatic "In one clinic I know of there is no dif­ In 1970-71 school term Sister Agnes Ma.ry observers famllia.r with the powerful, con­ ference between the job performed by the was an American Council on Education ad­ tllcting forces churning about in the frothy four-year graduate medical technologist and ministrative intern at the University of Ken­ geopolitical cauldron of Asia and the Far the two-year cert1tled lab assistant, except tucky in Lexington. East. the pay," says Sister. Mercy offers all its professional programs Now that the President's epic journey to Sister Agnes Mary admits she had great within a liberal arts context. Besides its in­ the heartland of Chinese communism has reservations about assuming the new job of terest in the health field, the college has spe­ ended, the worst fears of last summer seem president. "If Mercy is going to have a bad cial programs aimed at civic betterment. fully confirmed, and the "gamble" appears administrator, it may as well be someone Among these are preprofessional social work only to have paid off in terms of a signal who loves the college, too," she says, with un­ and a law enforcement and protection pro­ diplomatic victory for Premier Ohou En-lai convincing meekness, in her super-tidy office. gram, coordinated by former Detroit Police and his Marxist government in Peking. To understand what she gave up to be Commissioner Johannes Spreen, and fea­ By fa111ng to confirm in the joint com­ college president, you have to know what she turing present Commissioner John Nichols munique with Chou the U.S. commitment had: She had a rare kind of partnership with and his wife, Jean, as lecturers. to }>Totect Taiwan against external attack, her students, where college was not only fun ''I want the corner of Southfield and the President even seems to have gone far but a shared learning experience, instead of Outer Drive to be truly a college of Mercy," beyond the previously announced Nixon doc­ an advise and consent forum. Sister says, refiecting on her own philosophy. trine abdicating the U.S. role of a global Sister was a resident advisor in Manning "We want to prepare students who are anti-Communist force. Remaining aloof and Hall, the only girls' dormitory at Mercy. It is intellectually competent, deeply compassion­ neutral in another's dispute is one thing, the only dorm, except for a small house ate and committed to serve their God and ignoring a promise to protect a friend is which harbors a handful of Mercy's male their fellow man. quite another. students. Mercy went co-ed in 1964, now has "We want to learn enough so it just all The United States now acknowledges 400 full and part-time male students. flows into their profession." Chou's long-standing claim that Taiwan is Her room in Manning had snatches of If all goes well, the training of medical part of China, and the promise of eventual poetry on wall posters. One poster read: personnel in the country may be vastly withdrawal of all U.S. troops from the is­ "Life is Big." changed because of her. land seems to portend the day when an "You always knew she would welcome armed invasion wlll be launched by Com­ you," says a senior student, "despite count­ munists secure in their knowledge that less chemistry tests. And if you had a prob­ there wlll be no U.S. response. lem, she always came up with some kind of Chou promises to "liberate" the 16 mil­ solution, at least something to grab onto." THE TAIWAN CONCESSIONS: A RED lion Chinese on Taiwan, but as the reporters When Sister joined the students for card CHINESE VICTORY? who accompanied Mr. Nixon related, there games or sports, she g!!-ve her all. "She's fan­ are already precious few liberties under the tastic at cards," says a student, "and she Chinese Communists. All mainland Chinese likes all sports . . . volleyball, baseball, HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ life is so closely controlled that true free­ touch football, horseshoes." In fact, Sister is OF CALIFORNIA dom and true Uberty, even approximating a basketball coach for the college's women's the American meaning, are simply not known team, a sideline she hopes to continue in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and not permitted. spite of the multiple demands of her new Tuesday, March 21, 1972 But all this Mr. Nixon has known for office. many years. Is the President now prepared Most of Mercy's students are first genera­ Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, in times to sacrifice the Nationalist government and tion college goers who commute, as did Sister like these we need to recall the words the Taiwan people to a life of Marxist slav­ Agnes Mary when she attended Mercy 20 of Patrick Henry on the eve of the Amer­ ery in order to find an accommodation with years ago. They are from middle class famllies ican Revolution, in response to the ap­ Chou En-lai? which have worked hard to afford college. peasers of his day: There were no counter-concessions by Chou (Over 60 percent receive some financial or by Red party Chairman Mao Tse-tung, assistance.) · They cry Peace, peace I when there is no and until these Red leaders show evidence Mercy is a "practical" liberal arts college. peace. Is life so dear, and peace so sweet, as beyond mere words of a true intention to You don't go there if your chief goal is to to be purchased at the price of chains and work towards Asian peace, then the Presi­ learn cocktail party chatter. That's another slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! dent's virtual disavowal of a solemn Ameri­ reason she thought so hard-and so success­ Fortunately there are still voices in can treaty obligation seems both unprofita­ fully-about a stepladder approach to educa­ our land that will not let us forget the ble and potentially dangerous. tion: Some students simply couldn't last out Indeed, the people of Taiwan may be ex­ a four-year course. They'd need to get off, reality of chains and slavery, the reality cused for reacting with the same uncomfort­ and get jobs and, maybe, finish later. of a tyrant government's unending war able nervousness as did the people of Czech­ "Most of our students come with a strong against its own people, that lies behind oslovakia after Britain~s Prime Minister desire to serve," says Sister Agnes Mary. all the talk of peace and understanding Nevllle Chamberlain returned froPl Munich "They come asking: 'How can I best learn to with the Red Chinese regime in Peking. with the proud announcement of his "peace give of myself.' It puts an obligation on us Fortunately there are still voices that in our time" deal with Chancellor Adolph educators to foster this desire, to let it grow." will not let us forget that our President, Hitler of Nazi Germany. As Josephine ("Jo") Mansour she attended in his recent visit to Peking, took a very St. Charles Elementary and High School on ALL-TIME MURDERER long step toward forcing the last 15 mil­ • 1 : Detroit's East Side. Her father worked for (By Tom Anderson) Murray Body Corp. and her mother came lion free Chinese into subjection to these from the Mabarak real estate family. Her same Communist tyrants. Here are two Measured in terms of murders, Mao Tse­ parents still live in the neighborhood around of those voices-William F. Knowland's tung is the greatest criminal of all time. He Townsend and St. Paul. "It's always a kiss has been responsible for the murder of an and Tom Anderson's. The editorial "The estimated 64 m1llion people. M1llions of them on the cheek when you go there," says a Taiwan Concessions: A Red Chinese Vic­ friend of Sister's. were his enemies. Other millions were merely "Her mother and father say: 'How'd it go tory?'' appeared in former Senator unfortunate enough to be old, sickly, unable today, Jo?' And she says: 'Oh fine.' And that's Knowland's newspaper, the Oakland to work. Mao Tse-tung had them kllled, like all. They don't make anything big out of her Tribune, on February 29. The article we would klll chickens or hogs, and then had job. But they are sweet folks, and so proud "All-Time Murderer'' was one of Tom their bodies ground up and spread on the land for fertilizer. of her they beam all over.'' Anderson's widely syndicated "Straight Our President is thus now planning a gi­ Sister Agnes Mary says she felt the call Talk" columns early this month. gantic "Marshal Plan" for Red China. Since to a religious vocation during high school The articles follow: and her undergrad years at Mercy, but: "I they have no gold, or even dollars, and vir­ wouldn't admit it." After college graduation THE TAIWAN CoNCESSIONS: A RED CHINESE tually nothing to sell us, the President plans she admitted it and began to prepare to be­ VICTORY? for us to give them billions of dollars worth come a Sister of Mercy. She says: "I knew When President Nixon revealed last July of fertilizer and other goodies. Our govern­ by then it was what I wanted for sure, and he was going to Peking for a. face-to-face ment, of course, will pay our Big Business a I've never been sorry. I had plenty of time summit with the leaders of Communist good price for the food, fertilizer, trucks, to make up my mind." China, the question of Taiwan was generally tires, farm equipment, computers, cars, elec- 9716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2'.2, 1972 tronic equipment, etc., sent to Mao. Thus Guard, gangs of Communist storm troopers the applicant and his family, having found Big Business will have more profits and we that blanketed China with disruption, terror, that other companies would not. can delay the coming financial crash. Also and bloodshed for three years--all with the All that maybe changing, if what hap­ our Tycoons can be more generous in their advice and consent of Chou En-lai. In pened recently in Pennsylvania is extended donations to the Administration in the com­ Peking's Red Guard, a thoughtful book co­ throughout the nation. ing Presidentidal campaign. And, we might authored by Dr. S.C. Y. Pan and published by That state's insurance commissioner, Her­ even have a favorable balance of trade once Twin Circle, we read that: "Lin Piao was bert S. Denenberg, has issued what he says again. Most important of all, however, this acclaimed their commander, and Chou En-lai is the first "Shopper's Guide to Auto Insur­ gigantic aid to Mao Tse-tung will save his and Chu Teh became their advisors. With ance." Prepared by the Pennsylvania Insur­ regime from toppling and enable them to these men at their head, the Red Guards ance Department, this guide compares an­ defeat that old warlord Chiang Kai-shek and acquired prestige, and most important, the nual premiums in six different rating terri­ conquer Formosa. support and power which enabled them to tories for the 12 largest automobile insur­ These grants wHI also make Russia jealous do whatever they wanted in order to carry ance writers who write approximately 50 per and this will open the door for us so we can out the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolu­ cent of the auto msurance business in Penn­ give them more billions of dollars in goods tion." sylvania. and equipment to make their brand of tyr­ "Ma Sitson, China's leading violinist, gave The guide reveals amazing variations in anny work too. to Life magazine in 1967 an eyewitness ac­ premiums for the same classification of pol­ With China and Russia fat and happy and count of Red Guard a.ctivity. The great vio­ icyholders. For example, a 19-year-old driver, us bankrupt, we have thus postponed the linist observed: "Elsewhere- in the city for specific coverage, faces premiums in anticipated conflict between them and as­ (Peking) there were many terrible incidents Philadelphia that vary from $10'83 to $1716. sured ourselves that the only war between during this period. Students at one high And an adult driver in Bedford and Fulton them will be the one they fight over our school actually beat to death every one of counties of that state can find premiums grave. their teachers. The woman who lived next that vary from $132 to $212 for the same cov­ Have you wondered why you have not read door to us in the west city was accused of erage. any report or seen any TV news by the com­ having a radio t·ransmitter and sending mes­ The publication has met strong resistance mentators who accompanied Nixon, which sages to Chiang Kai-shek. Red Guards pulled from the insurance companies, of course. The told you the truth about Mainland China? her from her house into the street and killed insurance commissioner admits his guide is The answer is simple. No honest reporter was her. People spoke of heaps of unburied bodies "not to be used as the last word" in select­ allowed to go. rotting in the mortuaries." ing an insurance company. He says the con­ The following truth from Review of The "The Digest's slant in this article is also sumer should be aware other factors can NEWS gives us the real story: illustrated when it says: 'Now with Presi­ enter into premium differences. These dif­ "Correction, Please !-Item: From an ar­ dent Nixon's spectacular policy reversal and ferences can include variations in policy cov­ ticle in Reader's Digest for February 1972: the overwhelming U.N. vote, Mainland erage features, o>ervice of agents, financial "Despite a flint-like quality of mind and China's 750 million people are coming into strength of the companies. body, Chou (En-lai) can be very human. their own.' This is madness! One might as To his critics, he offers the same advice Once he stopped at a rural commune to chat wen write that the people of Germany came pe gave last year when there was strong criti­ with some school-girls who were taking thelr into their own when Hitler was rounding up cism of a similar guide to Pennsylvania hos­ turn at farm work. 'Did you cry when you the Jews. Rather, the Digest should have re­ pitals. It is: "If you don't like it, publish a first arrived here?' asked the Premier, notic­ minded its readers of the following analysis better guide yourself.'' ing their muddy clothes. The answer was by the Asian People's Anti-communist It seems to be sound advice. Maybe in­ 'No.' But Chou continued, 'It would not League: 'Let us aJ. ways bear in mind that the surance companies should be working on have mattered if you did. It's only human to Communist system is more cruel and in­ such guides of their own, with their own cry when you are not used to something.' humane than any in previous history. It is explanation of differences in premiums, now "Correction: One might as well depict diametrically different from the traditional that the existence of such differences is com­ Adolf Hilter as a lover of small animals; This system which had been preserved through ing out into the open. maudlin effort by the Digest to portray a long ages.' The f.amilies of 64 million Chinese Communist cutthroat as a man of com­ murdered by Chou En-lai a;nd his Comrades passion is a betrayal of the trust of mil­ wm testify to that! lions of its readers. And it is especially "There is a saying among refugees from A TAXATION WITH outrageous since the Digest has itself pub­ Chou's China that the Yellow River is at REPRESENTATION lished numerous articles over the years about flood tide, swollen with the tears of the Chi­ the horrible conditions which are the norm nese people. Those are the tears Reader's in Chou's China. Digest should be concerned about, instead of "The scholarly journal Issues And Studies eulogizing the mass murderer with whom HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ for March of 1971 carries a review of a recent President Nixon is now breaking bread.''­ OF CALIFORNIA biography of Chou En-lai in which the re­ Copyright 1972, The American Way Features. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES viewer states: "The author further points out Chou's genteel and elegant manner is in ex­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 treme contrast to his ruthless way of han­ Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, several dling the Communist Party's secret service. The most shocking example known was the SHOPPING FOR AUTO INSURANCE weeks ago one of my constituents, Mrs. case of Ku Shun-chang's in 1931. . . . Ku Harold Alderfer of Costa Mesa, Calif., Shun-chang, a top secret agent and captain wrote me a letter which expresses more of the assassination team under Chou's com­ HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE vividly than any other I can recall re­ mand, was a-rrested by, and then defected OF :MISSOURI ceiving, just what the relentless "soak­ to, the (Nationalist) government in 1931. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing" of the hard-working, productive After defecting, Ku revealed important in­ middle and lower middle income tax­ formation. This led to a massacre of Ku's Tuesday, March 21, 1972 payer is doing to our country and our whole family, who were all buried alive on the instructions of Chou En-lai. In the official Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, in these people. Mrs. Alderfer has no quarrel with files of the French Concession in Shanghai, days of debate on no-fault insurance, it me, as she now realizes, since I fully where the murder took place and was later appears the insurance commissioner of agree with what she says about taxations, disclosed, Chou remained a wanted murderer.' the State of Pennsylvania has found a welfare, and the courts, and have con­ The Reader's Digest conveniently overlooks somewhat different approach to the citi­ sistently voted against the increases in many such cases in its puff about Chou. Government spending which require "Then there are the untold millions con­ zens' problems regarding automobile in­ high taxes, and for limiting the power signed to slave labor camps in Red China. surance. The following article merits of the courts which has been so much Even the United Nations admitted in 1955 further study : abused. But it would appear that she that 20 to 25 million Chinese were in 'regu­ (From The Commercial Appeal, Memphis] lar' forced labor camps, and that an addi­ does indeed have a quarrel with many tional 12.5 million were in 'corrective' labor SHOPPING FOR AUTO INSURANCE other Members of the body, who I hope camps. By 1968, some 25 million Chinese had How do you pi~k an automobile insurance will consider how they might answer her perished in those camps. And it is Chou En­ company? if she were their constituent. Her indict­ lai who oversees the operations of those Some do it simply by giving their busi­ ness to a friend who happens to be an in­ ment is directed toward the Congress of death camps--murder facilities to which the the United States as a whole. Reader's Digest applies the euphemism 'con­ surance agent. S')me do it because they have tinuing disciplinary migrations'! seen a company's name in an advertisement. The following letter is published with "In 1966, nearly 11 million Chinese youths Some others do it by finding a company Mrs. Alderfer's written permission. In were organized into what was called the Red which is willing to write insurance to cover view of her sentiments expressed in it, March .~2, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9717 I am especially proud that in her second ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR TOUR­ nancial ability to travel to the United States. letter giving me permission to insert this ISM, C. LANGHORNE WASHBURN, Further importance of this market can be TESTIFIES BEFORE HOUSE SMALL seen in the following: one in the RECORD, she tells me that: Each tourist from overseas countries equals In my 42 years, I have never felt so well BUSINESS SUBCOMMITTEE an export item worth $400. represented by a Congressman." Each $20,000 spent by foreign tourists in the U.S. creates one job. Hence, last year, The letter follows: HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE foreign tourist spending (excluding trans­ COSTA MESA, CALIF., OF MISSOURI portation) provided for 122,580 new jobs. February 4, 1972. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For every 100 people directly employed in JoHN G. ScHMITZ, Tuesday, March 21, 1972 the travel industry, 60 to 100 back-up jobs U.S. Congressman, 1208 Longworth House are created in related industries. Office Building, Washington, D.O. Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, as chair­ Dollars earned from tourists stay in the DEAR CONGRESSMAN SCHMITZ: This letter man of the Subcommittee on Environ­ local area directly benefiting the residents comes from an extremely worried mother of mental Problems Affecting Small Busi­ and small business of the area. 3, who cannot seem to control the fate of our ness, of the Select Committee on Small It is factors such as these, in addition to family any longer because of the high cost the fact that the United States is behind of living and taxes imposed on us by you Business, which recently concluded the other national governments in tourism pro­ lawmakers. first part of a series of hearings on small motion--currently, we rank 19th-that led We have always tried to live within our business opportunities in outdoor recrea­ Presdent Nixon in his State of the Union $10,000 annual income. There are no luxuries tion and tourism, I believe the hearings Message to request "that the budget for the such as vacations, new cars, new clothes, have produced some valuable informa­ United States Travel Service be nearly entertainment etc. All the money earned tion which will be of great benefit to the doubled in the coming year." in the family is spent on food, house pay­ Congress. In addition there are certain factors cur­ ments and taxes, the bare necessities. rently at work which we must capitalize on We are in a critical state financially as I would particularly like to call atten­ fully through increased promotion abroad. we can no longer keep up with the inflation­ tion to the testimony of the Assistant In 1972, such factors favoring increased for­ ary costs of food, taxes etc. We have had to Secretary of Commerce for Tourism, eign travel to the United States are ( 1) the borrow on our life insurance to merely pay Hon. C. Langhorne Washburn, who recent U.S. dollar adjustment which makes it the taxes and we have no reserve. When we spoke about the efforts of the U.S. less expensive for foreign travelers in this purchased our 9-year old home, it was what Travel Service in promoting tourism to country, and (2) the reduction of air fares we thought we could afford. Within a year this country from abroad. across the North Atlantic. In 1976, the Bi­ the valuation went up and our taxes fol­ Secretary Washburn is to be com­ centennial and Winter Olympics are expected lowed and they keep going up each year. to provide a great impetus for increased Across the country people in the profes­ mended on the high quality of his state­ travel to this country. In fact, we are antic­ sions such as doctors, big industry and the ment and for his enthusiasm and co­ ipating between 22 million and 25 million like have received raises. My husband did operation in testifying before the sub­ visitors in 1976, with receipts expected to not get a raise. The cost of postage, food and committee. total about $5 billion. I would like to make clothing keep going up. It makes me angry Because of the great interest of my sure this forecast is reached, if not surpassed when I see how welfare costs have gone up. colleagues and the American people in by (1) the proper and adequate promotion of I'm not against helping people but I am this country abroad; and (2) developing the against being taxed to feed hippies, transients this subject, I am inserting Secretary necessary tourist facilities to fully host these and helpless individuals who don't even try Washburn's statement at this point in visitors. to help themselves and complain about not the RECORD: getting enough help. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DIMENSIONS OF STATEMENT OF C. LANGHORNE WASHBURN, FOREIGN VISITORS TO THE 'UNITED STATES People like us who have gone along pay­ ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR ing higher taxes supporting these people are TOURISM Origin-Foreign visitors to the United States come from every corner of the globe finding ourselves getting into the same pre­ Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ dicament--the tremendous difference being but in the greatest numbers from Canada mittee, I appreciate the opportunity to testi­ and Mexico, comprising 82% of all arrivals that we have tried for so many years to stay fy before you today. with a job, have done menial work just to and 59% of all foreign exchange earnings. pay taxes and foregone all luxuries because I will begin by outlining the importance Visitors from overseas countries, while we need all the money earned to buy food for of international tourism and what it means accounting for only 18% of the arrival to our economy, cite some specific charac­ market, represent 41% of our tourist dollar the family. If you lawmakers don't do some­ teristics of foreign travel in the United th!ng for people like "..S, believe me, there will earnings. Looking more closely at the over­ be an uprising and it won't stop until some­ States, discuss briefly some of the programs seas market. Europe represents the most thing is done for people like us who are of USTS and EDA designed to increase for­ important area, accounting for 45% of all genuinely trying to make a go of living. eign tourism to the United States and im­ overseas arrivals. prove the host facilities for both foreign and Key European countries are the United Another thing has become a laughing mat­ American tourists, and conclude with my ter. What has happened to our court system? Kingdom with 13% of the overseas market thoughts on the role of small businesses in (325,555), followed by West Germany with The criminals come out looking like angels foreign tourism and recreation. and we the people and our law enforcement 8.1% (203,010); France with 5.4% (133,604); people are made to look like tyrants. What OVERVIEW Italy with 3.7% (93,421); and the Nether­ if" happening to our country? We have Sirhan The international travel market is a multi­ lands wtth 2.4% (58,748). The second most Sirhan, Angela Davis, Richard Spec and oth­ billion dollar foreign exchange earner repre­ important geographic area is Asia/Oceania, ers, who are in jail or prison going almost senting the largest item of international accounting for 24.4% of all overseas arrivals, free. The cost of holding their trials etc. world trade. Last year, world-wide interna­ with Japan (311,066-12.5%) and Austra.l.ia keeps mounting and we are paying for that-­ tional travelers took 181 million trips and (70,860---2.8%) being the two dominant but what is so maddening is that the people spent an estimated $19.9 billion. The United countries. The third key area is South and they murdered cannot speak for themselves States received 7.6% of the arrival market, Central America, representing 17.1% of all and we seem to be helpless to do anything hosting 13.8 million arrivals, and 14.6 % of overseas arrivals with the main tourist gen­ for the dead. Why has it become more the dollar market, earning $2.9 billion. With erating countries being Venezuela, Oolombia, glamorous to be a criminal type than one respect to other host countries of the world, Brazil and Argentina. who supports the laws of the country? this Nation ranks first in terms of tourism Earnings--our earnings from these visi­ So many things in this country need re­ receipts and fifth in terms of the volume of tors vary according to their country of origin. form. America is becoming a sad country, visitor arrivals. In terms of overall averages, excluding trans­ it reminds me of what we fought for long To me, the importance of the entire market portation, each overseas and Mexican visi­ ago--taxation without representation! Can't cannot be stressed enough. World-wide, this tor is equal to an export worth $400. When you representatives do something for us? market grew 137% between 1960 and 1970 Canadian visitors are included, the figure We pay your salary. I love this country and and is expected to continue to grow at an is lower-$200. Thus, while Canadians com­ don't like what is happening to it. estimated 7% per year, reaching 280 million prise the majority of foreign visitor arrivals. IA there anything you people can do to trips by 1980. Yet, in the last 10 years, the their per capita expenditure in the United help this family? There must be many thou­ U.S. share of the total remained relatively States is the lowest, equaling only $90. Con­ sands like us who are at the breaking point constant. This country has merely been keep­ sequently, considerably more Canadian visi­ as a family. Where can we go? What can we ing pace with a growing market. The un­ tors are needed to equal the per capita spend­ do? Is welfare the next step? You people tapped VISIT USA potential is tremendous ing of the West German ($375), Mexican who set the taxes are devouring this family. and expanding each year, as per capita in­ and Japanese ($500) or Venezuelan ($675) Does it make you feel good? comes continue to rise throughout the visitor. Sincerely, world. It is currently estimated that some Seasonality--Over 40% of our foreign visi­ MRS. HAROLD ALDERFER. 82 million people of the world have the fi- tors come to this country during the summer 9718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 months of June, July, and August, while less East. All this actively represents an attempt meet the needs of all tourists-both foreign than 20% arrive during the winter months to make America more accessible and attrac­ and domestic, to 1980. of November, December, January and Febru­ tive to the foreign visitor to better meet Two other major USTS programs, I believe ary. This seasonaltty is representative of all his needs and expectations. I should also mention are: (1) The Interna­ !international travel, primarily brought about USTS PROGRAMS tional Convention Office; and (2) Matching by employers encouraging their employees Grants Program. to take summer vacations, with entire com­ The programs of the United States Travel Bervtce designed to promote and host foreign (1) International Conventions Office panies in Europe being closed during July located in Paris, played a substantial role in or August and by the summer vacations of visitors can generally be classified under two broad headings: (1) stimulating demand; winning 8 major international congresses for school children. This problem has been re­ the United States last year, bringing the total ceiving increased attention by the Organiza­ and (2) improving tourist plant facilities. Some of the specific programs are outlined to 26 congresses since its opening ln 1969. tion for Economic Cooperation and Develop­ Foreign attendance at these 8 new congresses ment (OECD) Tourism Committee which ls below: (1) Stimulating demand is expected to equal 21,000 with spending presently investigating possible solutions. in excess of $5.9 million. In addition, last Average Length of Stay-Length of stay, Consumer advertising campaign costing year, a Washington-based USTS international as per capita ·expenditure, simllarly varies over $2 million in Canada and Europe, reach­ conventions manager was appointed to pro­ with the visitor's country of origin. ~e ing over 30 million people. vide domestic support to the Parts Office in overall average for all overseas visitors is Distribution of over 6 mlllion informa­ the total effort to attract a larger share of estimated at 15 days, with Europeans stay­ tional brochures (in German, French, Span­ the world's international congresses. ing an average of 17 days; South Americans, ish, Italian and Japanese) featuring U.S. (2) Ma"!;ching Grants Program-Last year, 15 days; Japanese 10 days; Mexican visitors regions, gateway cities, historic sites, and na­ USTS launched lts new matching grants who travel outside the border area stay on tional parks, in all of the major tourist gen­ program with regions, states, cities and pub­ the average of 10 days; and canadians, 5 erating countries. lic or private non-profit organizations, for days. Special "high visibllity" VISIT USA exhib­ the purpose of increasing promotion and im­ WHERE DO THEY GO/WHAT DO THEY SEE? its in Canada, Mexico and Japan. Total visi­ proving domestic services for foreign visitors. Perhaps the one generaltty which' could tor aJttendance was estimated at 3.5 million. USTS is allowed to fund up to 50% of the hold true is that foreign visitors are inter­ VISIT USA famlliarization tours for 3,000 total cost of the project-available USTS ested in "seeing America"-just as our citi­ foreign tour operators and foreign travel funds equaled $550,000 last year. As of March writers to acquaint them with the attractions zens are interested in doing when they travel 1, 17 grants have been ma~e totaling $215,- within this country. Our outdoor scenic at­ and tour offerings of the United states. 000; 3 have been for the production of rums, tractions as well as the sights and sounds of VISIT USA seminars with the U.S. travel 1 for a travel mission to Japan, 2 for conven­ .our big cities, day or night, are appealing to sellers and foreign tour packages. The pur­ tion bureaus for the installation of simul­ the foreign vi.sitor. To cite some specific ex­ pose of these seminars is to save the foreign taneous language translation facilities and amples, the American Frontier West wtth its tour operator the time and money of a trip the remainder for joint advertising With Indians, mountains and deserts, are par­ to the U.S., and to encourage him to develop USTS in Canada and Mexico. ticularly popular with Europeans, chiefly and sell moderately priced VISIT USA pack­ In addition to USTS programs, many of among the West Germans. The warm, sunny age tours for both groups and individuals. those of the Economic Development Adminis­ areas of the United States, and sandy (2) Improving tourist plant facilities tration (EDA) involve tourism development. beaches are popular, notably among the Hotel/motel language certification program Since 1965 EDA has invested over $98 mil­ British, SCandinavians, and Canadians. The To date, 182 hotels and motels have multi­ llon for tourism and recreation projects to Japanese are interested in seeing all that is lingual Sltaffs at their front desks, switch­ benefit lagging economies especially in rural possible in the time allotted-from beaches boards and restaurants, speaking Spanish, areas of this Nation. to big cities to industrial plants. French, German or Japanese. The hotels are Some specific examples of this agency's Shopping in our major cities is a popular publicized abroad and display a USTS plaque programs include publlc works grants for activity, particularly among Latin Ameri­ indicating "Welcome" in the various lan­ state park development and tourism and cans, as is visiting Disneyland or Disney guages. recreation projects on Indian reservations. World. In fact, large festivals or exhibits are Grants and loans for state park development generally popular with Latin Americans as Mult111ngual POTt Reception Program totaled approximately $20 milllon and in­ exemplified (1) in the increa-se (up 50%) in Mult111ngual student port receptionist cluded parks in the states of Alabama, Ar­ Mexican visitors to this country during the corps are in operation in New York's Ken­ kansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia and period of the Hemisfair in Texas; and (2) the nedy International Airport, Seattle/Tacoma West Virginia, while grants and loans were number of Mexicans visiting a USTS exhibit and San Juan international airports. USTS provided to 25 Indian reservations in 15 states in Mexico City-over 1,000,000 in 3 months. conducts this program in cooperation with totaling $31.4 million. There appears, however, to be some dis­ the local authorities. The Receptionists as­ In addition, EDA provides business loans crepancy between what visitors would like to sist incoming foreign visitors in clearing and working capital guarantees and has funds do and what they actually do. Generally, they Customs and Immigration and on making available for feasibllity studies and manage­ stay Within a small radius of the U.S. port at trans,POl'ltaJtion connections. ment and operational technical assistance to which they enter. For example, the majority Travel Phone USA tourism a.nd recreation related activities. of Mexicans visit only the states of Galifor­ Travel Phone USA is nation-wide, multi­ SMALL BUSINESS AND TOURISM nla, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Euro­ lingual, toll-free telephone interpreter serv­ I believe that small business enterprises peans generally visit the Middle to North­ ice sponsored by USTS in cooperation with eastern areas of the United States. Latin can play an important role in servicing the TraveLodge International. The visitor can needs of foreign tourists in their particular Americans see areas in the Southeastern dial the service from anywhere in the Contl­ United States, notably, Florida and Puerto areas by providing: nellltal United States (except Alaska) and ( 1) The needed people-to-people contact, Rico; while visitors from Asia primarily tour obtain telephone interpreter assistance, or Guam, Hawa11 and the West Coast of the and answers to his travel-related questions, in (2) The necessary tourist facllitles, particu­ United States. Spanish, French, German or Japanese. USTS Why is this so? Besides the usual degree of larly in rural areas and smaller cities of the explains the availability of this service in United States. discrepancy between intentions and actions, brochures distributed a.broad. In addition, it may be due to such facts as (1) an increase television clips produced by USIA on the (1) People-to-people contact in travel costs to see places outside the major Travel Phone USA have been seen by more Perhaps one of the best ways to see and port of entry; (2) fear of not being able to than 360 million residents overseas. learn about a foreign land 1s on a personal communicate outside the major gateway Americans-At-Home is a USTS organized basts, a person-to-person contact. It has cities; (3) less familiarity With the interior community-operated host plan for foreign oftentimes been said that "It is the people of the United States; and (4) the existence visitors. 73 cities throughout the United that make the place." In fact, the Bahamian of few available organized tours, although States are participating from Syracuse, New Ministry of Tourism was so concerned with more are offered now than 5 years ago. York to Jopltn, Missouri, to Tucson, Arizona. the unfriendly image of lts people that lt It is in this area that I feel the small The program is designed to enable foreign }aunched a .nation-wide "hospltallty" cam­ businessman has a definite role to play­ vtsttors traveling without sponsorship to get paign a.nd began training all individuals in serving the foreign tourists' needs, par­ to know Americans informally in their servicing the tourist----from taxi driver to ticularly outside of the big cities. The trend homes. USTS prints ln nine languJages and walter to shopkeeper to hotel clerk, to be currently, is toward more promotion of areas distributes abroad a folder giving detans friendly, congenial hosts, representing the other than the already popular foreign tour­ Bahamas as a Nation. ist destinations such as New York City and and telephone numbers of the community­ Northeastern U.S. Chicago is becoming in­ sponsoring groups around the country. (2) Foref{ln tourist jacntties creasingly popular as a gateway city for for­ In addition, in the area of tourist plant Small businesses have a most important eign visitors. Las Vegas, last year, became an development, the National Tourism Resources part to play in servicing the foreign tourist­ oftlclal international port of entry. Airline Review Commission is currently studying the from the guest-house owner, the restauran­ advertising is beginning to feature travel to existing facilities and wlll make recommen­ teur specializing in home cooking, the talka­ areas West of the Mississippi as well as to the dations on the type of programs needed to tive shopkeeper, to the local tour guide. For- March 22, 19'72 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9719 eign visitors want to see this part of America Mr. Koplar suggests that we reexamine best our Nation's scientific and medical as well as the big cities, the hotels, restau­ our tax structw·e in regard to deductions community has to ·offer. rants and large department stores. Small businessmen can work with those for business conventions with a view to­ communities who belong to the USTS Amer­ ward encouraging greater domestic busi­ icans-At-Home Program. Each community ness travel. I feel this has merit and could plan for the supply fac111ties it feels should be studied. THE SOVIET THREAT are warranted by the current and expected volume of foreign visitors to their area, and to the extent the community is desirous of HON.STROM THURMOND developing tourism in their area. USTS can COOLEY'S ANEMIA RESEARCH DES­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA provide additional assistance with matching PERATELY NEEDS FEDERAL FI­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES grants to the community, group of commu­ NANCIAL SUPPORT Tuesday, March 21, 1972 nities, city, state or entire regi~n. for in­ creased promotion or development of tourist Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the facUlties for foreign visitors. HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO February 1972 issue of the Aiken, S.C., While the ·program limits grants to non­ OF CONNECTICUT Chamber of Commerce "News and profit organizations, the small businessmen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Views" contains therein a timely article can work with the local recipient of the entitled "A Lesson From History." grant. Currently, USTS is helping to increase Tuesday, March 21. 1972 the flow of visitors to destinations outside of I found the article to be a particularly the major gateway cities by not only provid­ Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, the medi­ interesting analogy of our present inter­ ing grants to Miami, Las Vegas, San Fran­ cal research community searching for national situation. The author warns cisco, but also to New Orleans, Lincoln, Ne­ the cause and cure of Cooley's anemia against deluding ourselves into believing braska, and the Southern Highlands of is large and growing, but desperately in that simply because we desire peace, oth­ North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and Vir­ ers in the world will not seek to destroy ginia. need of Federal financial support. TOURISM AND THE ENVmONMENT Federal support would earmark our way of life. Although we have long I have stressed repeatedly to both industry Cooley's anemia as a particular priority heard the .idle boasts of the Soviets to and state travel leaders the need for the for intra- and extra-mural programs of defeat our system, we must take heed of proper development of tourist attractions, the National Institutes of Health, and their growing military strength and face preserving existing destinations, and nurtur­ continued support of the clinical re­ the reality that peace may be better ob­ ing and protecting the essential character­ search program of NIH will provide the tained through bargaining fl,'om a posi­ istics which attract tourists to an area. sub$idies to research facilities necessary tion of power. Something seems to happen when tour des­ to support study and service for patients Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent tinations are developed too rapidly and with­ with this and other mysterious but out proper planning. They seem to lose their that the article be printed in the Exten- appeal. They become spoiled. And tourists widespread diseases. sions of Remarks. - leave them and move on to new "in" spots. The high quality of existing medical There being no objection, the article I believe tourism is wholly compatible with research in this field-demonstrating the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, environmental values. Indeed, development existence of a base of knowledge nearly as follows: of the kinds of attractions which tourists ripe for practical application-has been A LESSON FROM HisTORY appreciate will most often involve "showing shown in reviews of work on Cooley's "The Soviets' present buildup of strategic off" the environmental values which this nemi in the medical literature. nation has to offer, so that it is in the inter­ forces, together with what we know about est of the tourism industry to protect this In 1966 and now in the March 16, their development and test programs, raises environment. Thus, tourist development can 1972, issues of the New England Journal serious questions about where they are exist symbolically with the culture and of Medicine, for example, review is made headed and the potential threats we and our heritage of the community when it is of research into the basic genetic and allies face. These questions must be faced planned properly. I believe that the travel phycological causes of Cooley's anemia. soberly and realistically." President Richard M. Nixon, U. .S. Foreign Policy for the 1970's: industry has recognized the challenge of In 1964 and again in 1969 the New proper environmental development. In fact, A New Strategy for Peace, Report to the The Travel Research Association, an indus­ York Academy of Sciences and the Congress, February 18, 1970. - try-government association, consisting of Cooley's Anemia Blood and Research The President of the United States issued unlverst ties, advertising agencies, airlines, Foundation for Children jointly spon­ the abqve warning to the Congress almost two hotels and motels, and government tourist sored symposia on the problems of years ago. Since that time the circumstances associations, devoted its most recent confer­ Cooley's anemia, resulting in the col­ which provoked the warning have become ence to "Tourism and the Environment." lection and publication of research much more serious. Yet no action has been The foregoing was intended to provide you papers totaling over 1,300 pages. taken to counter the danger. with the broad overview of international For nearly 25 years Marcus Porcius Cato travel to the United States, the programs Much basic research has been done, ended all of his speeches in the Roman Sen­ designed to increase the flow of tourism to therefore, with little or no Federal help. ate with the solemn intonation: "Besides, I and within this country, and a role small It is well known, however, that particu­ think that Carthage must be destroyed." By businesses can play in this important and lar areas of medical research blossom 151 B.C. he had won his point; Rome de­ growing market. when Federal direction and support are clared war on Carthage and a fleet set sail for Mr. Chairman, this concludes my formal given. Researchers in basic areas are Africa. But the Carthaginians, now peace­ statement. I shall be happy to respond to any more able to direct their studies to prac­ loving and unprepared for major war, sought questions you or the members of this Sub­ tical ends, the clinical or applied part of desperately to avoid it. The Roman Senate committee may have. promised their hastily dispatched envoys that medical research is enhanced within the Carthage would be spared if 300 children Mr. Speaker, I was also pleased to have institutions and organizations that con­ from the most prominent families would be my good friend, Mr. Harold Koplar, duct sophisticated medical research, re­ given up as hostages. With great uneasiness chairman of the Missouri Tourism Com­ sults are more easily disseminated within and lamentation, this was done. Next, the mission and chairman of the St. Louis the scientific community, avoiding dupli­ Carthaginian ambassadors were summoned to Tourist Association, testify before our cative work, and the work stimulated hear the Roman demand that Carthage sur­ subcommittee. He brought some valuable and supported by private foundations or render her remaining ships and implements general purpose research grants is of war. This, too, was done. Finally, the insights to our investigation of tourism, Romans demanded the evacuation of the city such as the growing trend of large com­ brought to its fullest scientific and prac­ so that it could be burned to the ground. panies to locate conventions in foreign tical fruition. When the Ca.rthaglnians heard this final countries because of cheaper cost for -Cooley's anemia is not unknown to demand they realized they had been tricked, accommodations. medical research, Mr. Speaker, quite the in one of history's greatest acts of perfidy. Mr. Koplar cited examples where large opposite; but the practical help avail­ Wild with grief and anger, they tore limb corporations arranged sales meetings in able to the physician or pediatrician from limb the leaders who had urged ap­ is peasement and frantically sought to rebuild Portugal or other overseas locations. who deals with Cooley's anemia piti­ their defenses. In two months, while the Sometimes they send as many as 4,000 fully small. It is time to give national Romans massed their forces, they produced of their employees to foreign tourist re­ direction and support for this work, so 8,000 shields, 18,000 swords, 30,000 spears, sorts as part of a tax-deductible sales that the patients and famUies affected 60,000 catapult missiles and a new fleet o! meeting. by Cooley's anemia will benefit from the 120 ships. But it was too Uttle and too 9720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 late. Following a bitter siege of three years, accelerating momentum of the Soviet strate­ From the Indian Ocean to Australia to the Roman armies broke through the walls gic mHitary buildup. the Pacific, Russian carriers could tempo­ and nearly the whole population of carthage rarily or permanently, establish naval su­ perished by the sword. The city was then periority over medium-sized or large areas. razed to the ground and the soil was sown A RUSSIAN AffiCRAFT CARRIER? The consequent command of the sea could with salt. The destruction was as complete exert tremendous political influence. as might be the most devastating nuclear THE IMPLICATIONS ARE OMINOUS The curious feature of command of the 8/ttack of today's world. sea is that you either possess it or you don't. ~ODERN PARALLELS HON. BOB WILSON If you do, you needn't fight to dominate shipping and commerce in an area. If you Historical analogies are never exact, of OF CALIFORNIA course, but the lessons they teach about don't, fighting won't do much gOOd. the attitudes of men and government are IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES In Southeast Asia, the Kremlin wishes to instructive. The America of today would do Tuesday, March 21, 1972 contain Chinese influence which does not especially well to pay some attention to the now assert itself through naval force and sad story of Carthage. Because if we do not Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under is unlikely to do so in the foreseeable future. soon come to our senses we Will be well on leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ Nonetheless, Russian naval power can ex­ the way toward a rerun, with ourselves this ORD, I include the following editorial from ercise the strongest counter-influence time cast in the unfamiliar role of the the Los Angeles Times: throughout the area. victims. [From the Los Angeles Times, Mar. 17, 1972] In the Far East, as also in Southeast Asia, Cato called for the destruction of Car­ the Russians could find themselves either thage because he saw that it was regain­ A RUSSIAN AmCRAFT CARRIER? THE IMPLICA- working against or cooperating with Japan, ing its prosperity after its earlier defeat un­ TIONS ARE OMINOUS which must, in the long run revert to naval der the great Hanni'bal, who had invaded (By Robert S. Elegant) power to assert new influence and to protect Italy and had very nearly conquered Rome MuNICH.-The Soviet Union is building a her lines of communication. The countries itself. Cato believed that the world of his very iarge ship in its Black Sea. shipyard at of the area, already deeply worried by Jap­ day could not accommodate two strong Nikolayev, which has during the past five anese commercial domination, are becoming antagonistic powers, and that Carthage years completed the helicopter assault-and­ vitally concerned about Japan's future mili­ would again become a m111tary threat to antisubmarine carriers Leningrad and tary power. Russian naval expansion, sus­ Rome if left unchecked. Therefore, he per­ Moskva. tained by new naval air power could either suaded his countrymen to launch a pre­ The new ship poses both a riddle and a serve as a counterweight or be cast decisive­ ventive war. challenge. It might be simply a large tanker ly onto the same side of the scales as Japanese In reality, the people of Carthage had no or passenger ship. It could be another heli­ power. In either case, Russian influence further imperial ambitions. They wished only copter carrier, though its estimated size of would increase enormously. to be left in peace to develop trade and more than 30,000 tons would be unprecedent­ A carrier force could, thus, enable Moscow commerce and pursue their "domestic pri­ edly-and counter-productively-large for to retrieve certain present disadvantages in orities." They must have been well aware that function. But the chances are strong the world power struggle. The Kremlin could of Cato's exhortations and of the develop­ that the Russians are building their first either "scale up" its carrier force in both ing Roman attitude, but they did little to conventional aircraft carrier, though intelli­ size and numbers of "trade off" all or a por­ prepare for war, hoping thereby not to pro­ gence cannot confirm that conclusion. tion for agreements With the non-Communist voke the Romans. When the prospect of war If the hull under construction is a.n air­ powers. nevertheless became immediate, they sought craft carrier, its significance would exceed At the very least, the construction of a. to avert it by the most abject appeasement, by far the metal, electronic gear, aircraft carrier force would enable the Kremlin to including submission to total disarmament. and highly trained air crews, whose cost will keep all its options wide open over a long When this policy was unsuccessful they be at least $500 million and, perhaps, twice period of time-albeit at a very high cost. chose to fight rather than surrender but by that figure. The United States, Britain and then their resources were hopelessly inade­ other Western powers would still deploy quate to the task. The result was that they, many times that number of carriers. But a as well as their city, perished forever. Soviet carrier would, in the long run, affect NATION TO CENTER ON For more than 25 years, since the U.S. and the world balance of power. the U.S.S.R. became the two preaominant Since the weight of the evidence indicates PEVELY, MO. world powers, we have heard the Soviet that the mysterious hull is an aircraft carrier, equivalents of Cato proclaim the undying non-Soviet strategists must proceed on that "conflict of social systems" in which they assumption. Her construction would indicate, HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD have sworn that their system will emerge as first, that the Soviet Union has taken the OF ~ISSOURI the victor. Desiring no conflict of any kind fundamental decision to alter its previous ourselves, and wishing only a live and let live policy of relying upon shore-based aircraft IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arrangement with our adversaries, we have to support naval activities and upon sub­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 allowed ourselves to be comforted by Soviet marines for long-range operations. Building assurances that war is not necessary to the an aircraft carrier, even as a pilot model for Mr. !CHORD, Mr. Speaker, the popu­ triumph of their system. And we have been more and bigger carriers, would mean that lation center of this country has always generally content to leave in slavery those the Russians are preparing to back their bid been located east of the Mississippi River. who have fallen victim to their system in or­ for world influence with hardware-and However, various research organizations der not to appear "provocative." much hard cash. now tell us that based on projected popu­ At the same time, we have listened to our Above all, building a carrier would demon­ lation growth during the 1970's the center own philosophers assuring us that nuclear strate that the Soviet Union has, however weapons have rendered war "unthinkable" tentatively, reversed its previous ingrained of population in this Nation will creep because it is supposedly, "unwinnable." Thus objection to aircraft carriers as "bourgeois, across the Mississippi and be located bemused, we have watched, with apparent imperialist weapons." close to Pevely, Mo., by 1980. lack of official or popular concern, as the Once again Moscow would be reaching far Mr. Speaker, Pevely, Mo., which is in overwhelming miUtary superiority which we outward for power. Perhaps First Secretary Jefferson County, is in the congressional once enjoyed over our enemies has ever more Leonid Breznhev of the Party would use a district which I serve at the present time. rapidly melted away. That superiority, with carrier as a bargaining counter in his long­ I call attention to this fact because this official blessing, has given way to what is now term effort to win agreement on naval parity shift clearly points to the fact that Mis­ called "sufficiency." with the West. But even a single carrier is a Whether or not the Soviet Union is now fearsomely expensive chip in the interna­ souri and, especially, such counties as operating upon some Hitlerian timetable tional poker game-and admirals are notori­ Jefferson are growing and thriving. leading up to an actual attack upon the ously reluctant to surrender advantages once At this point, I would like to insert in United States, in order to remove us once gained. the RECORD for the consideration of all and for all as a military riva,l, is debat-ruble. Taken together with intensive Russian re­ the Members the Associated Press story Quite possibly no decision has yet been made search into vertical and short take off and on the shift of the center of the Nation that this is necessary-not yet. landing aircraft, a new carrier would pose to Pevely: What does seem certain beyond reasonable a threat of Soviet expansion into areas where doubt is that a period of almost unimagina­ Moscow has previously been weak or even [From the Springfield (Mo.) Leader-Press, Feb. 11, 1972] ble danger, not a "generation of peace," lies unable to deploy armed force. Moscow d~sn't a.head of this country. This stems from a need carriers to maintain its infiuence in the NATION TO CENTER ON PEVELY combination of two factors. One is the politi­ Mediterranean, since it already possesses KANSAS CITY-The nation's population cal rot and erosion that is sweeping almost many air fields around the perimeter. Mos­ center continues its movement west during completely through what was once known as cow d~s need carriers to operate effectively the decade of the 1970s and will creep across the "free world." The other is the rapidly in the Atlantic and, above a.U, in Asia. the Mississippi River for the first t1me in March 22, 197·2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9721 1980, a financial firm's research department "Two-year-old Brenda Williams came out The people of California are being said today. on the porch all upset. She could not talk, asked to vote upon a proposition which Based on its estimates of the 1980 Census but he knew something was wron-g from the and patterns of growth, the research group way she was acting. will have a lasting and drastic effect upon predicted the nation's demographic center "He went inside and the fire was all their own lives and the future of the will be near Pevely, MJO., located about 25 around. So he rounded up all the children State. miles south of St. Louis and six miles west of and got them outside as fast as he could. They are being asked to exchange their the Mississippi River. (The apartment was on the ground floor). jobs, economic well-being, convenience, Pevely is about 35 miles southwest of Mas­ "When he got outside one of the kids and some of their constitutional rights coutah, TIL, the 1970 population center. (Eugenia Person, 6) told him, 'The baby is for the false hope that this measure will The projection was made by the research still inside.' "He ran back in, although the fire was bring about a clean environment. department of Waddell & Reed, Inc., a Kansas The people should not make this choice City-based national financial services com­ already very bad, and got the baby ( Ger­ plex. main Williams, 7 months) and brought her without fully undertsanding the contents "It is more than a mere titular honor for a outside to safety. That's how he got his hair of the initiative. It is doubtful that the place to be pinpointed as the population singed, when he ran back in.'' 500,000 citizens who signed the petition center of the country," said William A. Reas­ Miss Mitchell identified the other children to place this measure on the ballot had oner, the firm's president and chief executive as James Hussel, 5; Reginald Person, 5; Kim­ the slightest idea as to its real contents. officer. ley Robertson, 6, and Jacqueline Hussel, 2. And since the very long initiative will "It is also an indication of the real growth According to Miss Mitchell, the Williams children are grandchildren of Mr. Mitchell: have to be explained on the ballot in very potential for the surrounding area. Pevely, terse terms, the voters will not know of for example, is located in a region that is the Robertson child is Mr. Mitchell's god­ expected to grow significantly during the child; the Person children are the grand­ its contents on election day. rest of this decade as St. Louis suburban children of Mrs. Person, and the Hussel chil­ The Congress has enacted the En­ development radi91tes outward," Reasoner dren are related to Mrs. Person. vironmental Policy Act and created the said. Environmental Protection Agency to en­ The nation's population center has moved force that act. The Clean Air Acts of westward steadily since the first census, con­ 1967 and 1970, along with clean water ducted in 1790, placed the demographic cen­ ENVIRONMENTAL ZEAL HAS legislation which will soon be passed, are ter near Chestertown, Md., 23 miles east of OUTRUN COMMONSENSE forward-looking laws which rightly take Baltimore. into account the technology and avail­ HON. CHET HOLIFIELD ability of economic support--taxes and MODEST HERO SAVES CHTI.DREN'S OF CALIFORNIA profits--to support an antipollution ef­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fort. The California Legislature has, fol­ LIVES lowing many hours of hearings and de­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 bate, passed numerous antipollution laws. HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the These laws are very strict but also take people of California will be faced with into consideration what is possible. OF CONNECTICUT an initiative measure on their June 6 The initiative was apparently drafted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES primary ballot. The measure is proposi­ without the benefit of legal or scientific Tuesday, March 21, 1972 tion No. 9 and it is titled "The Clean expertise. Its terms do not reflect the Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, last Environment Act of 1972." This measure sober deliberation found in laws enacted week in Stamford, Conn., 33 families were has been placed on the ballot by a group under the legislative process. left homeless, victims of a disastrous fire that have named their organization the If there, in fact, was deliberation it which swept their neighborhood. Out of People's Lobby. appears to be aimed solely at the destruc­ this tragedy, a modest man emerged a Because of the attractive title "Clean tion of the industrial and agricultural hero. Had he not acted as he did, seven Environment Act'' people may confuse base upon which 8,721,000 workers must children might not be alive today. That the contents of the bottle with its attrac­ depend for a livelihood. In 1971, more man is Ray Mitchell who rescued the tive label. I trust this will not occur and than 600,000 people were unemployed in seven children from one of the burning do not believe it will occur if the general California. More than 100,000 other per­ buildings. He came away with his hair public really understands the dangerous sons had given up, and dropped out of the singed and, as the Stamford Advocate provisions in the act. labor force. The employment picture will has noted, his modesty intact. Mr. Proposition No. 9 is a perfect example not be much better in 1972. Speaker, I believe that Mr. Mitchell de­ of environmental zeal having outrun The imposition of this ill-conceived serves the commendation of the Mem­ commonsense and reality. It cloaks the law will, without doubt, drive most of bers of this House. At this point in the most harsh and unconstitutional provi­ California's business and industry out RECORD, I would like to insert Advocate sions under a pious title. of the State or into bankruptcy. Already reporter Bob Masullo's account of Mr. Briefly, the proposition would close financially depressed county and city Mitchell's heroics: down all industrial and home sources of governments will also be bankrupted. No any air pollutant for at least half of each SEVEN SMALL CHILDREN OWE LIVES TO MODEST tax revenues would be available to retain HERO year. No one is permitted a hearing and the services of many of the 1,137,000 no court may intervene-in other words, State and local government employees. (By Bob Masullo) due process of law is denied. Forty-nine-year-old Roy Mitchell came out Stated simply, the imposition of this of Monday night's West Side fire, which The 20 million people of California are law would result in the greatest depres­ destroyed four black ghetto tenements, with to be denied an adequate supply of elec­ sion California has ever experienced. his hair singed and his modesty intact. tricity for a period of from 5 to 12 years Further, the initiative would not halt Because of his actions, seven small chil­ through a moratorium on the construc­ pollution. It is aimed at the source of dren are alive today who otherwise might tion of new pollution-free nuclear pow­ only 15 percent of total air pollution, and have died in the fire. ered generating plants. ignores the cause of 85 percent--the Bowever, on Monday night at the Red Most of the proven and effective insec­ automobile. Oross emergency room in the West Main St. Community Center, where he registered for ticides, pesticides, and herbicides are to Little is known about the leadership or aid along with other victims of the fire, he be outlawed in spite of the fact that membership of the organization which said nothing of his deeds, even when asked known substitutes are more dangerous to originated the initiative. Whoever they by a reporter for his account of the event. man than those to be outlawed. are, it must be said that they are insen­ An adult daughter, Miss Brenda Mitchell Most of what the proposition demands sitive to the basic needs of those in our of 213 Selleck St., gave the following account is impossible, the remainder is ridiculous. State who must live on fixed and low or Tuesday of what her father did at the fire: moderate incomes. "He was babysitting for seven chtldren 1n I have said before and I restate again, the apartment of Mrs. Mozzel Person (apart­ "If this act passes, it would drive most Perhaps the members of that organi­ ment number six in 5 Roe Park Ave.). The of California's business out of the State zation can afford the extremely high children were in a bedroom and my father or into bankruptcy." The people of Cali­ prices of food grown on organic farms. was sitting on the porch when the fire start­ fornia are literally being "proposiltioned" Perhaps their resources will allow them ed. down a primrose path to economic ruin. to move and seek employment in an- 9722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 other State. And perhaps their standard Proposit ion 9 would make it unlawful to America to which we all aspire. The ad of living needs no improvement. But this build nuclear power plants anywhere in the follows: is not the happy lot of the many people state for thE'! next five years. Period. It takes no note of the state's constantly growing TRY SAYING "GOOD MORNING" AS THOUGH who would bear the greatest burdenS­ electricity energy needs, which include the You REALLY MEANT IT the loss of jobs and higher prices. need for power to help clean up the environ­ Then (tomorrow, say) try treating some No one will disagree that the prob­ ment. What it does do is invite the further teen-ager like an adult. lems of pollution abatement must be met construction of fossil fuel power plants to Find someone to praise · for doing a good head on and solved. However, we have help fill the energy gap that nuclear-gen­ job-waitress, bus driver, newsboy, store a choice of methods. We can seek solu­ erated power plants should be filling. That clerk, anyone. tions within the realm of the "real would mean putting into our air the contam­ Show respect for an older person's expe­ inants that nuclear plants spare us, includ­ rience (or fortitude) . world" where technology and the econ­ ing those same sulfur oxides that the restric­ Be patient with someone who doesn't un­ omy permit; or we can follow the ap­ tion on diesel fuel pretends to attack! It derstand as quickly as you do. proach of the so-called Clean Environ­ makes no sense at all. Write or phone someone having a difficult ment Act and strike out blindly. The measure would also ban the letting of time. Say you know it's rough, but you have Every thinking voter should reject the new leases or renewal of existing ones for oil faith in him. initiative and urge their elected and ap­ or gas drilling along the coast, from three Look pleasant. pointed officials to proceed with all pos­ miles offshore to one mile inland. While we If you're white, go out of your way to be sible speed on the course of reason. also oppose offshore oil exploration and drlll­ polite to a black man or woman; if you're ing near the coastline, we can see no sound black, to a white. I append to my remarks an excellent reason for extending the ban one mile inland. Do your job a little better. Maybe you'll editorial printed in the Los Angeles The proposition provides for penalties for get some praise, but certainly you'll get more Times on March 12, 1972, on this meas­ violations of any air pollution laws. The pen­ satisfaction. ure, proposition No.9: alty is a fine of .4% of the gross income for Help someone-a cripple across a street, a WRONG WAY To CLEAN UP THE Am the previous year for any person or company young man or woman looking for a job guilty of a violation. The penalty could l::e It's called the Clean Environment Act, a (whether you can give it or not, give him levied every day until the violation is cor­ hope) or an older one, discouraged in his. title of such respectability and promise that rected. As Norman Livermore, secret ary of hundreds of thousands of Californians were Contribute to some church or charity­ the State Resources Agency, has noted, this money if you can, time if you can't. glad to sign petitions to put it on the ballot. could apply even to a motorist "whose car It wlll go oo the voters next June 6, as Propo­ It just could be that this sort of under­ smokes too much." We believe polluters standing is what this country needs right sition 9. should be penalized. But the sledgehammer , It is being touted as a comprehensive as­ now. Try it tomorrow-all day tomorrow. You inflexible approach of Proposition 9 is not might be surprised! sault on pollution. It is in fact a slapdash the way. and deceptive measure which, if enacted, There is more in this initiative that is of would probably increase air pollution, dis­ doubtful utillty, wisdom and legality. In the rupt control procedures, and cost the people area of air pollution its provisions, if en­ of California untold m1llions in unnecessary acted, seriously threaten to add to our prob­ PAUL C. ALLEN expenses and penalties. lems rather than to alleviate them. That one Begin with air pollution. The thrust of fact alone is sufficient to require the defeat Proposition 9 is to set highly technical and of this proposal. HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS rigid standards for the sulfur content of No doubt the motivation and chief appeal OF MICHIGAN diesel fuel and the lead content of gasoline. of this initiative has been frustration the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Now as it happens neither of these elements feeling that special interests have succeeded contributes in any significant way to photo­ in inhibiting enactment or enforcement of Tuesday, March 21, 1972 chemical smog, which is the main air pollu­ necessary environmental pl'Oitection laws, tion concern in Southern California. Both Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, at this are pollutants, to be sure; what the proposed that local air pollution control boards have time, I would like to insert in the RECORD legislation disregards is the actual extent of not been vigorous enough in cracking down the story of one of Michigan's outstand­ pollution involved, the vwriations in the on polluters, that there has not been a strong ing labor leaders, Paul C. Allen. His ef­ problem from area to area, and the costs to enough sense of urgency on the part of of­ forts in the early days of union growth consumers of eliminating the contaminants. fl.cials to environmental threats to public and his long-time service with Riggers Consider sulfur oxides, which definitely are health. There is more than a little truth in not a good thing to have around. These this, as we have noted often before. and Machinery Erectors Local 575 stand come mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, But bad law is not the solution, and thait's as tribute to the men and women of like coal and oil, that contain sulfur. The what Proposition 9 would be. rt would, 1f America's labor movement. The story, primary sources are stationary sites-power passed, trigger legal challenges and court which was printed in the program of a plants and the like. Yet Proposition 9 would fights that could go on for years, and worse, testimonial dinner recently given in his drastically reduce the sulfur content only of could lead in the meantime to a halt in honor, follows for everyone to read: diesel fuel sold trucks, busses and cars. further necessary steps to combat pollution. PAUL C. ALLEN The relevancy of the assault on sulfur in diesel fuel aside, there is the serious question That wouldn't help the cause of environ­ Riggers and Machinery Erectors Local 675 of practicality. Refineries can be built to pro­ mental clean-up, and it wouldn't help the is a small local union by most st81lldards. It duce low-sulfur diesel fuel, but the oil in­ people of California. Proposition 9 should be has less than 1,000 members and its jurisdic­ dustry says this would take at least two years defeated. tion covers only a very small pa-rt of the labor and a huge capital investment. The oil in­ movement. dustry, to be sure, is not the most objective But, thi·S local's members enjoy a high source when it comes to questions of air GOOD ADVICE FOR ALL AMERICANS standard of living through the good wages pollution caused by fossil fuels. But the fact a.nd fringe benefl.·ts that have been negotiated remains that enactment of this proposed law for them by their union. could threaten a major disruption of trans­ lf you asked the members how this hap­ portation in California and mean added costs HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN pens to be, you'd ge·t the same answer from for goods to all consumers. And for a pur­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE a.ll of them. It's the same BJnswer you'd get pose whose necessity is by no means evident. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES from the old-timer of the union scene, the so­ Then there is leaded gasoline. Lead does called "pros" ~f the business of representing have to be taken out of gasoline, chiefly so Tuesday, March 21, 1972 people. They all say: smog control devices can work properly. Prop­ Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, once again "Paul C. Allen." osition 9 says that after July 1, 1976 no the Warner and Swazey Co. in an adver­ There is no doubt that Paul Allen has made more leaded gasoline could be sold in Cali­ all this possible. fornia. What it doesn't say is what wlll hap­ tisement appearing in the current issue Once a big burly man, rough a.nd ready to pen to the millions of pre-1971 cars that wlll of the U.S. News & World Report offers fight for what he believed was right for the st111 be on the road then which require leaded sound advice to all Americans. Essential­ working man and coming up in an Mea when gasoline to run efficiently. It doesn't say what ly, the message is to try a little harder. this was ID.eCessary, Paul was seen on many a it would cost motorists to convert their older This is so true. If each of us would picket line in the SO's when unions were cars to run on lead-free gasoline, if con­ making their greatest organizing efforts. . verters were available. And it ignores the only put a little more effort into making Born in Wa:bash, Ind., Oct. 8, 1915, the federal government's sensible timetable for the daily lives of someone else a little bet­ youngest at three children of Paul Allen and phasing out leaded gasoline, an action that ter, there is no telling what could hap­ his wife Julie Bramble Allen, he watched his makes the proposed ban of doubtful legality. pen. It just might become that better dad W'ho was a ra.Uroad man and inherited March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9723 his union-mindedness. Upon graduation from DRUG ABUSE: THE PEOPLE MUST profit by exploiting the weakness of oth­ lligh school, he came to Michigan in 1927. AC'r ers. These men are vultures in our soci­ He joined and was initiated in Riggers ety, feeding on the curse of drug abuse. Local 575 Nov. 1, 1937, which was then under All of our law enforcement agencies the supervision of the International Union HON. ROBERT PRICE must be mobilized to bear down on them and in 1938 he was elected the fii'st tn'esident OF TEXAS .of the union. and their activities; they deserve no He negotiated the first collective ·barg·ain- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mercy. I can think of no penalty too 1ng agreement and has negotiated every cqn­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 severe for those who deal in the narcotics tract since, having set a precedent for the traffic, for they are killers on the install­ :Building and Construction Trades with the Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, ment plan. We must be relentless in our Riggers being the first union to include America does not have a drug problem. effort to halt the traffic in illicit drugs .Health a.nd Welfare benefits in their con­ What we have is a people problem. Drugs and to severely punish those who make tracts. have been around for centuries and have In 1941 he was elected a Business Agent their livelihood from it. And not only .and for a time was General Organizer for the essentially changed very little. But what must we deal severely with individuals International Association of Bridge, Struc­ has changed is the climate, acceptability involved in this illegal traffic, but we also -tural and Ornamental Iron Workers. He is and hunger within large segments of our must deal strictly with any nation-be it now Business Manager of Local 575, having society for these kinds of products. Turn­ France, Thailand, or any other-which been re-elected to the post without opposi­ ing on with drugs has in the past decade does not cooperate with our effort to halt -tion for 23 years. He has also served as Presi- become fashionable, in some circles even -dent of the Iron Workers District Council of the production and traffic in illicit nar­ respectable, and for many an acceptable cotics. strict economic and diplomatic Michigan and Vicinity since 1960. way of thumbing their noses at the gov­ Local 575 is regarded as one of the most sanctions must be applied against such -efficiently operated union organizations in ernment and society. We are, in fact, in nations. America. The union has its own headquai'ters the midst of a drug culture that is Still another group of people who are in Union Center, 14333 Livernois, modern threatening the very future of our so­ causing a great deal of uproar these days i::Omplex which is a far cry from the one-room ciety if we do not act swiftly and force­ are those who call for the legalization office on the third fioor of a building on fully to bring it under control. of marihuana or for the lifting of penal­ Erskine where the union started more than -we are constantly being told by some ties for its use. We have been subjected 35 years ago. experts that drug abuse is a symptom of The building houses optical and dental to endless arguments as to whether care facilities, a doctor's office and a credit a sick society and that it is hardly sur­ marihuana is harmful and whether it is union-all provided without cost to the prising that people are seeking to escape better or worse than alcohol, but no one members. The union owns and makes beds through drugs from a world full of so has come up with any certain answers. available to members at the McNamara Hos­ many complicated problems. When I The Commission on Marihuana will be pital in Warren. It awards two scholarships hear this kind of talk, I wonder how reporting imminently, and I can only annually. It has two recreation and retire­ many young people will be persuaded by hope that we will not be hearing more ment centers, a "Sunrise Village" at Mara­ these words that they are predestined to thon, Fla., and another at Leonard, Mich­ unsubstantiated claims that marihuana igan and was even negotiating for a cemetery. become junkies and speed freaks. What is really not very harmful and therefore "We owe it to our members," said Paul, "to the experts ought to be telling us is that we ought to be more lenient regarding protect them on and off the job .•. from the drug abuser is an individual with a its use. The plain truth is that mari­ cradle to casket." basic character weakness. He cannot huana is a drug, and the warning signals A supplemental pension plan, unequalled face up to stress and expects ready, in­ that it may be harmful are numerous. anywhere in the labor movement, has added stant answers; when the easy answers The recent "Marihuana and Health" re­ a degree of financial security and dignity to are not available he has to escape port issued by the -National Institute of the entire membership, young and old alike. through artificial means. Drug abuse Those are the bare facts of the things that Mental Health pointed out that mari­ can be directly attributed to his leadership must be separated from the other prob­ huana can provoke psychotic episodes in and foresig·ht. Looking closer at Paul Allen, lems of our · society, not viewed as a unstable individuals, impair driving abil­ you see a very humane man who very rarely symptom of those other problems. In the ity, and may cause other serious effects wears a tie and who more than likely will end it is really not that complicated­ about which little is known. Dr. William be puffing a cigar while he talks to you. either you use drugs or you do not. What E. Bunney, Director of NIMH's Division He is a dedicated family man with a won­ we need is to spend more time teaching of Narcotic Addiction and Drug Abuse, derful wife, Ruth, and three sons and a our children how to deal with problems, stated that the effect of heavy use of daughter. not how to avoid or escape them. Believing strongly in the rights of the in­ marihuana over long periods of time is dividual, Paul saw the grave injustice 1n the There are also some people who would -''one of the biggest question marks." And conviction of his friend, Jimmy Hoffa and argue that every individual has the right Dr. Bertram S. Brown, Director of NIMH, he stood by, working di11gently throughout to use his body as he chooses and that commented that "the current state of the long fight for his release. And, Paul the drug abuser is not hurting anyone scientific and medical evidence" does not would do this for other friends. but himself. Frankly, I find this unac­ justify making the use of marihuana He found out for himself that he had a ceptable. Everyone whose life is touched legal. We certainly do not need another multitude of friends when just a little over by the addict-his family, his friends­ socially approved intoxicant, and the use a year ago he lost his vision. When he re­ suffers because of his habit. And, of of marihuana ought to be vigorously dis­ gained his sight through what he termed "a miracle of God and medical science," he course the ultimate victim is society as a couraged, at least until we have more wrote in his column in HARD HAT, the whole, which must shoulder the expense knowledge concerning its effects. local's widely-read newspaper, "I have of his treatment, his lack of productivity, One of the most important things I learned a lot about my friends. I have dis­ and the crime to which he eventually have learned from my vantage point as covered there are a lot of wonderful people. must turn to support his habit. The ad­ a Representative is that people spend They probably have always been there, but dict also contributes to the ongoing ac­ for too much time talking about drug I suppose I never really appreciated them... tivities of organized crime, for it is this abuse instead of taking action to eradi­ until now." group which reaps the profits of his ex­ He paid particular tribute to his wife Ruth, cate it. They talk about the drugs that are who he married in 1952 and who he said, pensive habit. Furthermore, drug abuse being abused, the bizarre effects that they "above all others, was there at all times, is infectious; friends and associates are have, and why people take them. Every­ reading to me the many, many pages of often the means through which drugs one is alarmed and shocked, but they just material that I have these many years as are introduced to still more people. The shake their heads, substitute talk for ac­ a union leader had to read and digest so that truth is that the drug abuser does not tion, and sit back and depend on Congress we could act in the best interests of the exist in isolation, and his actions are to enact legislation. This is ridiculous. members." exacting a terrible toll on society. With drugs as with so many of the other And, much as he has done all along the way, he looked. to the future, saying, "Now But despite all the harm that drug problems which face us, we must have we can go on with our programs for the abusers themselves cause, none of their more than concern, more than rhetoric, members. Believe me, the future looks offenses are as great as those of the and more than legislation; if we are to brighter than ever ... I can see it does!'' pusher-the individual who makes a survive we must have action, and that ac- 9724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2 ~~, 1972 tion must come from an alert and con­ the university's division of Celtic stud­ Chairman: Courts Oulahan, Secretary­ cerned American public which is deter­ ies. They have provided leadership for Treasurer, Society for the Preservation of mined to eradicate this curse from our research in the intellectual and cultural Historic Ireland. land. world, and have brought home to the McMahon Hall-9:30 p.m. academic community and to the public Lecture and Demonstration: "Traditional the value and meaning of Irish Irish Pipe Tunes"; Paddy Maloney, Managing ST. PATRICK'S DAY PROGRAM civilization. Director of Claddagh Records. Chairwoman: Barbara Murphy, Coordina­ It should also be noted, Mr. Stpeaker, tor Fortnight Music Committee. that the IACI is presenting the Irish HON. MARIO BIAGGI Fortnight in St. Paul, Minn., and in FRIDAY, MARCH 24 OF NEW YORK Seton Hall University, Newark. In rec­ Maloney Hall-8:00 p .m. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ognition of the extraordinary contribu­ Lecture: "Irish Nationalism: The Impress of History"; Donal Macartney, Lecturer in Tuesday, March 21, 1972 tions which the institute is making to our culture the Senate of the State of Modern Irish History, University College, Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, when St. Dublin. New Jersey recently adopted a resolution Chairman and Commentator: CaiToll Patrick's Day comes around each year, commending its president, Dr. Eoin Mc­ Quigley, Ph. D., Historian; author of Tragedy every American becomes a "Friendly Son Kiernan. and Hope, A History of the World in Our of Erin." We are all aware of the tor­ Mr. Speaker, because I am so deeply Times. ments taking place today in northern appreciative of the institute's work and Maloney Hall-9:30p.m. Ireland. But beyond these troubles we because I know that our colleagues will Lecture: "III. The Irish Character: The should also take note of the genius of want to hear about the Irish Fortnight Welding of Cultures"; Sean 0 Tuama. Irish culture and civilization to which I include in my remarks the program of Chairman and Commentator: Riley America owes so much. the Washington Irish Fortnight: Hughes, Ph.D., Founder and Director, I feel especially privileged to bring Georgetown Universsubmarines burger, frankfurters, and other so-called people during this period when all of us and two submarine chasers, under the com­ cheaper cuts of meat. He says salaries are trying in a rational manner to bring mand of Rear Admiral N. V. Soloviev, arrived are increasing-it seems his philosophy about economic recovery and provide a in Havana several days before the November 7 is that people should get ahead in order better life for all Americans. Mr. Butz' commemoration to participate in the Cuban to stand still. reaction to the 7-percent ceiling increase celebrations. The Soviet vessels displayed in meat imports for cheaper cuts is that, anti-aircraft rockets, and atomic missiles And if any attempt is made to give were clearly visible on the decks of the larger the consumer a chance to catch his to his pleasure, housewives will not be helped much. submarine chaser. Friendly Cuban visitors breath-by instituting a freeze on meat queued up on the piers in long, curious Unes prices or food price controls, for exam­ I guess she wants a nice choice roast or and were invited aboard for a close-up look. ple-this presumably intelligent, rational a good sirloin steak. She doesn't like ham­ The menaiClng language of this show of high Government official cries that he burger too much. strength in American waters should not be will "fight like a wounded steer" to pre­ The housewife may not prefer ham­ overlooked or misunderstood. This is the first time the Soviet armed fOTces have ever vent any slowing of meat price increases. burger; but if Secretary Butz has his celebrated their revolutionary holiday in any In addition, he threatens the public with way, she will be lucky to be able to official way in the waters of the North Amer­ empty meat counters and meat rationing. afford enough for her family on special ican continent. Secretary Butz recognizes the rising tide occasions. Ever since the time of Lenin, the Com­ of pressure from increasingly angry and Such a shocking performance ill be­ munists have said continually that they dismayed consumers to halt further ero­ comes a Cabinet officer whose job is to must gain not only a strategic superiOTity sion of the shrinking family food dollar. serve the public interest. To be sure, we but a complete and effective supremacy over That is the "attack" he resents and the capitalist world-in weapons technology, will not be intimidated by him in our armed forces strength, economic capacity to against which he invokes his "wounded efforts to east> the burden of the family produce decisive weapon systems, and psy­ steer" posture. food shopper. To the man who cheers choLogical and moral readiness to use these It is understandable that an Agricul­ soaring meat prices while consumers weapons. That was what Krushchev meant ture Secretary would defend the interests struggle to put meat on the family table, when he used his famous phrase -"we wm of farmers. After all, the American farm­ my suggestion is that he would best serve bury you." The Soviets have behaved ac­ cording to their statements, but for some er is the most efficient food producer in the public interest by resigning immedi- strange reason, which I confess has always the world, and yet he receives a smaller ately from a post which requires far baffled me, their pronouncements are consid­ reward for his investment than other more sensitivity, reason and tact than ered by too many Americans to be only so industries, has little control over what are reflected in his statements to the much meaningless propaganda. he gets for what he produces, and in gen- American public. Many people, including leading govern- 9730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 ment officials, expected and hoped thwt after surface fleet concentrated on adding new DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL gaining parity, both the United States and missile cruisers ("Kresta" class), destroyers the Soviets would level off and stop further ( "Kynda" class) , and the small speedy "Ko­ MANPOWER POLICY expansion of their weapon systems. mar" and "Osa" boats in numbers surpassing In 1968 we S~greed to join with the USSR any estimates and predictions. As a result, in negotiations on strategic arms limitations, the Soviets can now maintain a permanent HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER the so-called SALT talks. The United States fleet of about 40 to 60 ships in the Mediter­ OF WISCONSIN at this time had 1,054 ICBM's, 656 SLM's and ranean Sea alone, putting an end to the U.S. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over 600 long-range bombers; the Soviet Sixth Fleet's complete control of the area and Union had a total of 600 ICBM's, including exerting strong political impact in the Mid­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 100 heavy S&-9's. Since 1968 there have been dle East, North Africa, and Southern Europe. five rounds of SALT, alternating between The Soviet Union is evidently dedicated Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Helsinki and Vienna. During the three years to supporting its recent political initiatives Speaker, the National Manpower Advi­ of negotiation, the Soviet Union has in­ with a strong, balanced armed force which sory Committee of the Department of creased its ICBM arsena.l by about 900, to the will be superior to the United States in the Labor recently convened a conference present figure of about 1,500 or 1,550 units, areas of strategic missiles, air force, naval commemorating the lOth anniversary of including approximately 300 S8-9's. power, and conventional on-the-ground the enactment of the Manpower De­ The United Stat es was serious about arms weaponry. They engage in negotiations de­ 1962 limitations and did not increase the actual signed to limit or reduce armaments only velopment and Training Act of here number of its ICBM's. We began only a re­ for the purpose of speeding up and imple­ in Washington, D.C. on March 16-17, placement program wherein the improved menting this final Soviet superiority. The 1972. One of the principal speakers to Minuteman TII was substituted for out-dated theoretical reasoning of mutual advantage, the conference, which was addressed by Minuteman I and IT missiles and some MIRV­ implicit in "parity," "sufficiency," or "flexible the Secretary of Labor, James D. Hodg­ ing of individuals warheads was undertaken. deterrence," has not affected to any appre­ son and others, was Dr. Sar A. Levitan, Contrast .this with the Soviet Union, which ciable degree the basic Soviet thrust toward distinguished labor economist and direc­ has maintained the ICBM construction rate a stronger, superior military force and a posi­ tor of the Center of Manpower Policy of about 300 new missile systems annually, tion of real prevailing strength, both mili­ or about 150 to 180 new missiles from one tarily and politically. In pursuit of this goal, Studies at the George Washington Uni­ SALT negotiation round to the other. In the Soviets channel a considerable portion versity. 1971, space reconnaissance revealed that the of their resources to expand their armaments Dr. Levitan, who is also vice chairman Soviets were preparing new and bigger silos research and production. As Mr. Sidey accu­ of the National Manpower Policy Task for ICBM's, the number of which by October, rately noted in his article, their research and Force, delivered a speech on the need for 1971, was estimated at 100. These new under­ development budegt has, for years, exceeded the development of a comprehensive na­ ground silos are capable of a.ccommodating "anything necessary for mere parity with us." tional manpower policy as we move into missiles even larger than the formidable ss- The great weakness of our so-called "as­ the.second decade of major Federal ini­ 9. As Hugh Sidey noted in the October 15th sured destruction" posture has been its un­ issue Of Life magazine, our best experts are derlying assumption that the leaders of the tiative in this vital area. His remarks still uncertain as to precisely what this new USSR respond, as our people do, to the threat were indeed penetrating and I would like construction means, weaponwise. of massive ret aliation with its toll in death to share with my fellow Members of In the area of missile defense, the Soviet and destruction.* Nothing in the moral or Congress the remarks of an esteemed Union has about 67 ABM sites, with SA-7 political system they espouse warrants such friend. missiles capable of missile intercept at high an assumption, and nothing in the record of ·altitudes. According to more recent reports, a DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL MANPOWER their recent arms development indir.ates con­ POLICY group of about 50 new launchers is being cern in that regard. deployed for ABM interceptors with much What is far more likely is that we will, (By Sar A. Levitan) higher velocity. Our modest Safeguard ABM indeed, awake one day soon to find the So­ Each of us has a favorite tale of what program is dwarfed by comparison. viets have achieved some massive new break­ changes MDTA has wrought. These stories During October, Soviet technology suc­ through in weapons technology which will deal with the m1Ilions who turned to the pro­ ceeded in actually intercepting a satellite in render our defensive system obsolete.** It is grams for help, the hundreds of thousands flight, linking the interceptor with it and not in terms of st riking particulars but in who have learned saleable skills and the dol­ blowing up both. This is a feat we have yet terms of overall growth and input into re­ lars and cents that they are now earning in­ to perform. If the Soviets can intercept and search and development and the number and stead of collecting unemployment insurance destroy their satellites in flight, they may complexity of new Soviet weaponry develop­ or welfare checks. The more sophisticated soon be able, if they are not already, to inter­ ments, that this prediction is justified. It among us, who talk to computers, come up cept and destroy our surveillance satellites. simply stands to reason that a nation en­ with impressive benefit-cost ratios that offer This is the only practical means we have of gaged in extensive weapons research and proof poslti ve that MDTA has been worth­ keeping abreast of arms developments taking development w111, sooner or later, come up while. In brief, we are better off today be­ place within their closed society. Their ab111ty with a breakthrough. Certainly one engaged cause we have had the MDTA for 10 years. to destroy these reconnaissance satellites in only minimal research and development, But I am running ahead of my story. The means they would control the timing of any as we have been, is not likely to be able even script for these festivities calls at this stage possible future direct confrontation. In the to cope with such a breakthrough by others, for a review of how it au came about. critical days or weeks preceding such possible let alone achieve one itself. · So let us reminisce. My major qualifica­ strike they could eliminate our ability to In short, "assured destruction" is not de­ tion for the honor bestowed today apparently ·anticlpate or observe the preparations for the fense-it is merely psychological warfare. is longevity: I'm supposed to tell it as it all strike. And I am convinced it was propounded by really was, based upon personal recollection. Further, the Soviet strategic missile force people who had a rather poor grasp of both Regrettably, I was out of the country when now has 750 medium-range units capable of defense and psychology. the Smith-Hughes Act was debated and reaching U.S. installations in Western Europe The policy of "assured destruction," which passed. So I'll have to telescope my observa­ and the Far East for which the United States is meaningless to the Soviets but grates on tions on more recent history. has no comparable equivalent, either through the moral principles of Americans, should THE SAME PROBLEMS PERSIST NATO or otherwise. be scuttled in favor of a forthright policy of It was only 11 years ago that Congress Then there is the Soviet Navy. It has dynamic research and development, an un­ embarked upon the first of a long and grow­ grown much faster than anybody could mistakable posture of military strength with ing series of programs to aid the structurally anticipate or predict. In the short period of unemployed. The legislation dealt with 14 years, und·er the command of Admiral S. a balance between defensive and offensive systems, and a resolute civllian population federal aid to depressed areas and was pro­ Gorshkov, the Soviet submarine and surface posed for workers stranded in areas of high fleet grew to a strong force capable of staging bolstered by an adequate and visible civil defense. It is to the support of programs and chronic unemployment. The proposal called in the waters of the world a naval exercise, for annual federal expenditures of $10 mU­ code named "Ocean," which surpassed any funding essential to such a policy that I have pledged myself as a member of the llan to retrain workers whose skllls have be­ similar maneuver by any country or group of come obsolete. This was too much for some countries in the entire naval history of the House Armed Services Committee. members in Congress; they thought that the world. In 1968 the USSR started its Y -class federal government has no business spending submarine program. This is its principal sub­ • See Engllsh translation of Soviet book good taxpayers' money to train unemployed marine-launched missile carrier. It is esti­ Civil Defense (1971) analyzed by Joanne workers. They loudly expressed the fear that mated that about 17 such submarines were Gallar in May-June 1971 issue of Survive. from little acorns big trees would grow and operational by the end of 1970, and at the • • see "The Myth of •Assured Destruc­ that this little program would lead to vast rate of about one sub per month, they have tion'" by Eugene P. Wigner, Survive, July­ new federal expenditures. And, thank heaven, close to 27 at the present time. The Soviet August 1970. they were right. Top manpower policy shap- -,1 March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9731 ers no longer talk in millions but in billions. The MDTA and other manpower programs ing. Members of my own trade have tried As the acknowledged wit of MDTA once re­ are hardly to be blamed for high unemploy­ to sell training as a new snakeo11, good for marked, little did he know when he learned ment. Instead, it would be more appropriate all ailments. Expansion of manpower pro­ fractions in school that in planning man­ to credit these efforts for the hundreds of grams, according to these enthusiastic pro­ power programs point one would mean not a thousands who have been helped. Only the ponents, will cure the economy from infia.­ dime but a hundred million dollars. most enthusiastic backers and those who op­ tion, unemployment, ease the trade-off be­ But the quantum jump from mlllions to posed stronger medicines to reduce unem­ tween the two, and improve the environ­ blllions may be misleading. The scene has not ployment have viewed manpower programs as ment, to boot. Training increases some in­ changed as radically as these numbers might a nostrum for our unemployment ills. dividuals' chances of being hired but does suggest. A student of manpower problems THE PROPER ROLE OF MANPOWER PROGRAMS not expand the economy's complement of today might be forgiven if he has the feeling job slots. Thus, it affects the distribution that the current arguments about manpower Unfortunatly, it has become commonplace rather than the degree of unemployment. policy sound fam111ar and are reminiscent of to expect too much from manpower pro­ Even 1f all those seeking work received train­ the debate that led to the passage of MDTA. grams. Manpower programs do not create jobs ing, the level of unemployment-forced It seems that the arguments are just as nor should they be expected to eliminate pov­ idleness--might be reduced only marginally. pertinent today as they were in 1962. A com­ erty or discrimination. Manpower policies Even though there 1s usually slack in the mon denominator is still reported by the are likely to affect only marginally infia­ training system and facillties do not operate Bureau o;r Labor Statistics with annoying tiolllary pressures or the ills of a complex at full capacity, training programs leave repetition as it was 10 years ago: that the urban society such as family breakup, pol- · much to be desired as countercyclical tools rate of unemployment is hovering around 6 lution, and congestion. Nonetheless, social because they cannot be expanded or con­ percent and a drop to 5.7 percent is no cause scientists, politicians, and statesmen have tra-Cted at will. It takes considerable time to for rejoicing and hardly a harbinger of full placed unrealizable, possibly naive, trust in develop facilities, gather instructional staff, employment. Critics complain today as they manpower programs that encourages rhetoric select applicants, and enroll students. By did a decade ago that we should focus more in place of hardnosed analysis. Economists the time the unemployed complete their on the 94 percent who are working than on have claimed that an expansion of manpower course of training, the economic conditions the 6 percent who are unemployed. To clinch programs would reduce unemployment by that called for the expansion may have the argument they point out that more 2 percent and responsible statesmen have changed. Because human lives are involved, people are working today than ever before. been no less sanguine about the presumed training programs cannot be expanded or And in each case, both today and a decade promises of manpower measures. contracted like an accordian and cannot be ago, they are correct for the population and Newly emerging welfare policies perhaps easily adjusted to changes in business con­ economy have grown and the number of best illustrate this faith in manpower pro­ ditions. We do not base enrollment in Har­ employed has continued to rise. But that. grams. Conservative legislators who are nor­ vard or Stanford or Duke on the level of does not fill the stomachs or satisfy the as­ mally most careful with the taxpayers' dol­ unemployment. Enrollment in skill centers pirations of those who are on the outside lar and (when they do loosen the purse or the Job Corps should also be based on looking in, sear.ching for useful work but not strings, it is not to help the poor), have individual needs. finding it. shown a remarkable eagerness to spend vast Manpower programs were initially designed Ten years ago we came up with a good and sums of money on manpower programs in to aid workers whose skills are obsolete. By satisfactory reason-to some-explaining the hope of reducing welfare outlays. Both expanding beyond remediation into pre­ these 6 percent who are left out. We were Democratic and Republican administrations vention, these emerging institutions mani­ told that there was really nothing wrong have clung to this faith. President Kennedy fested the evolving democratic tenet that with the economy except that these unfor­ urged training programs for welfare recipi­ society should not segregate sections of the tunates are "structurally" unemployed. And ents to motivate them to seek economic in­ population to remain-without hope for im­ that was that. This explanation was supposed dependence. His slogan was "rehabilitation provement--the hewers of wood and drawers to lead to solutions. The answer we came instead of relief." President Nixon recom­ of water. Training can provide paths for up with is that if we train the unemployed menaed vast outlays for "workfare instead upward mobi11ty, not only for those who they will find jobs and we'll all live happily of welfare." have difficulty competing for even entry ever after. A decade of experimentation with man­ jobs, but also to those who aspire to more It takes more than just a token commit­ power programs for welfare recipients does skilled and challenging jobs. But the re­ ment to establish a society in which every not justify optimism about using training sources available for manpower programs person seeking work can find useful employ­ programs as a means to reduce rellef rolls. are quite limited in comparison to the vast ment. So today again there are those among Welfare reflects both the multiple handicaps universe of need. Therefore, successive ad­ us who argue that we should settle for less of recipients and the generosity of taxpay­ ministrations and Congresses have placed in­ than full employment. I don't believe it. And ers who bear the costs. There are good rea­ creasing emphasis upon serving those in we have clearly seen that we can reduce sons for exp.anding manpower programs to greatest need. Until the outbreak of the forced idleness well below 4 percent, though aid those who depend on meager relief, but recession, from which we are hopefully re­ we should achieve this goal with different saving public expenditures is not one of covering, manpower programs attempted in­ methods than we used in the mid 1960s. these. creasingly to serve those who are discrimi­ Ten years ago when we argued the same Relief is given to the destitute not be­ nated against in the labor market and those issues, the debate was couched more ln vis­ cause it necessarily improves the efficiency who have difficulty in competing for sus­ ceral reactions than in good solfd numbers. of the economy, but out of compassion for tained gainful employment. But the cost We have made a great deal of progress in those in need. SO, too, training programs of this choice was to play down the upgrad­ the past decade. We have learned-at least should be offered to those who have diffi­ ing function of MDTA. some of us--that the overall average unem­ culty competing in the free labor market The last decade was a period of expert­ ployment ratio is a very useful social ba­ because they need help and not because of mentation and development of infrastruc­ rometer. But averages by themselves obvi­ the impact of these expenditures upon the ture for manpower programs. It was also a ously do not tell the full story-a man and national economy. It's not at all improbable period of introspection. Possibly no other a horse have on the average three legs. that the development of training programs social program has undergone as close When national unemployment hovers around for the poor will reduce their long run de­ scrutiny by the Congress, the academic com­ 6 percent, unemployment in urban poverty pendence upon welfare. If this happens, so munity, and the administrators of the pro­ areas is nearly twice as high and among much the better. Appropriate training may gram. We know everything that is wrong minority youth it is 5 times as high. Dis­ help some poor people to escape dependency with these programs and also quite a lot turbing as these statistics are, the recom­ but we should not expect training to cure that is right with them. The latest happen­ mendation of the technicians to discontinue poverty. More than a quarter of the poor ing in manpower-the Emergency Employ­ these series because of alleged flaws in the are 55 or older and thus not likely to profit ment Act--also indicates that we have al­ data, and the eagerness with which policy­ from training. Even more of the poor are in ready developed an efficient structure capa­ makers acted on these recomendations, casts female-headed famllies. A sizeable group of ble of acting when an emergency arises. It 1s doubts on the sagacity of their judgments, these women have health problems, more not easy to give away a billion dollars and leaving a gnawing feeling about their moti­ have inadequate education, and even more to hire 130,000 people within 6 months. But vation. have skills which command little remunera­ this is exactly what the Manpower Admin­ Nonetheless, the old "solution" of blaming tion even when they can find work. Most istration has done-most emciently. the messenger for the message persists. Ten have young chlldren in need of day care, Conventional wisdom about the snaU's years ago we were also dissatisfied with the which is in short supply nationwide and is pace of government action notwithstanding, monthly BLS reports about unemployment, more likely to be expensive than dependable. the manpower administrators have demon­ and one national publication came out with Transportation and health difficulties, the an ingenious explanation: It's all the fault children's needs, and pregnancy often inter­ strated the capabi11ty to act massively and speedily. of bureaucrats who exaggerate unemploy­ rupt training or employment. And most LESSONS OF THE DECADE ment problems because they have a vested crucial is the fact that jobs are not availaible interest in high levels of unemployment. to all who overcome these obstacles. From experimentation and introspection, You w111 have to judge for yourself the Other examples could be cited of the exag­ manpower administrators have learned im­ amount of progress we made in this area. gerated faith that has been placed in train- portant lessons. Time will permit here to 9732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 single out seven conclusions on which most power programs is their dissem.dnation of in­ Here lies the remains of the United States observers would agree. formation. The employment problems of var­ of America, born a free republic on July 4, 1. First and foremost, investing in human ious labor market groups are more widely 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; deliv­ resources makes sense. Cost-benefit ratios understood than ever before. There is much ered by the hands of patriots who so loved are always open to question, and vary mark­ broader insight into the causes of these freedom that they dared to demand it, stand­ edly from program to program, but those problems and the ingredients to their solu­ ing ready to sacrifice their fortunes, even who vote funds for manpower programs can tion. The gradually emerging discipline of their very lives, to insure that freedom was find comfort in the finding that society gets manpower is also a vested interest group to established ·and preserved. back more in terms of productive work and work for increased human development The infant republic was threatened from reduced support than it expends to provide efforts. every quarter. Its own mother country sought manpower services. The investment, so say 7. A final contribution of the last ten to end Its life with the sword. Hostile forces, the numerologists, is justified in dollar and years has been to provide a more rigorous coming by ship and by horseback, tortured cents without even considering the less foundation for public pollcymaking. In the the infant with cannon, arrow, and pen. tangible benefits. manpower field, more than ever before, an But the infant continued to survive and 2. There is no single clientele for man­ attempt has been made to measure and eval­ grow and prosper, nurtured by the love of power service, but rather a whole range of uate the impact of the programs, to improve men and women, now long forgotten, who groups in the labor force which can bene­ their design on the basis of these measure­ would not accept tyranny at any price. fit. MDTA was designed to assist the tech­ ments ·and evaluations, and to experiment And the young nation grew to adolescence. nologically displaced. The poor, regardless of with new approaches. Though in many cases, In this period of Its growth, it was torn In cause, were included under the Economic these results fell far short of what have been half by the divergent philosophies, and weak Opportunity Act in 1964, and services were accomplished, manpower policymaking was from loss of blood, its wounds healed slowly. extended on a large scale to welfare recipi­ far ahead of other areas. Its methods are now But nourished by a strong faith in God and ents after 1967. Recently, there has been an being applied elsewhere, and hopefully, re­ its principles of private enterprise, private increase in services for veterans and for search, evaluation, and experimentation will property rlgh!ts, states' rights, and respect unemployed engineers and scientists. Gradu­ be an integr·al part of all efforts in the for human dignity, the scars of civil war ally, what is emerging is a comprehensive future. all but completely faded, and the century­ human resources approach and, hopefully, A FAVORABLE BALANCE old nation matured to become a giant among a comprehensive human resources policy, Federrul manpower programs are rapidly nations. which seeks to develop and util1ze fully the Many were envious of the wealth and abilities of all citizens. reaching maturity. The Office of Manage­ ment and Budget has estima.ted that the prosper.ity of the vibrant, burgeoning, re­ 3. Just as many types of persons may public. While Americans sang of "spacious benefit, there are no simple solutions for federal outlays alone for manpower programs during the current year will carry a price tag skies," "amber waves of grain," and "fruited varying problems. It is now recognized that plains,'' nations without America's abund­ basic education, counsel.ing, medioal care, of $4.3 billion and the cost will rise above the $5 billion mark by next year. Even with ance of freedom and plenty cried out for and other services may be required along food to feed their starving masses, and mul­ with training, and these multiple services are the dwindling value of the dollar, the man­ power programs are now an important in­ titudes flocked to the shores of the one na­ now offered by manpower programs or by tion which promised every individual an op­ related governmental efforts. Eooh target dustry supporting an army of newly certi­ fied and aspiring manpower experts. portunity to reach his full potential. group may need a variety of services. The The greedy came not with outstretched ideal of one-stop comprehensive deLivery to It may come as news to the newly emerg­ ing academic manpower complex that train­ hands, but with clenched fists. But America, the needs of e!lleh individual and each area with unprecedented industrial muscles de· remains elusive and may actually be im­ ing programs have also benefited hundreds of thousands of clients, though by no means veloped through the system of private enter­ practJ:cal tn many cases. prise, and with an unyielding spirit born of 4. To provide various services for many all the 7 million who have gone through the Labor Department's work and training pro­ a long life of freedom, turned back every ag­ groups requires careful coordltnation. The gressor and remained the greatest nation of establiShment of numerous separate insti­ grams. Many enrollees have learned new skills and the families of many more have been all time. tutions is not efficient. As manpower ef­ But then, with a full belly, weary of war forts have expanded, the federal government fed--after a fashion-while the enrollees have undergone training. anG. confident that the land and the hard­ has funded programs for all sorts of occa­ won freedom were secure, the giant slept. sions and for all types of people. This pro­ A realistic appraisal of the developing fed­ eral manpower policy must acknowledge the The American people grew apathetic. They lifemtion of manpower efforts has led to a stored away their feelings of patriotism along great deal of waste. The Manpower Develop­ limitations of manpower efforts and recog­ nize that training in itself does not produC'.e with the :flags they once waved proudly. Pol­ ment and Training A<:t has continued, to iticians became followers rather than lead­ borrow Garth Mangum's phrase, to be the jobs even for those who have mastered their lessons. The argument that manpower pro­ ers, and os crime swept the nation, govern­ "foundation of manpower programs." But ment failed in Its first responsibility, that of the superstructure frequently extended be­ grams are no substitute for fiscal and mone­ tary policies by no means denigrates the protecting the lives :md property of its citi­ yond its foundations and has therefore be­ zens. The people ceased to be secure in their come wobbly. Ten years of experience has proper role of these measures. We must con­ tinue to rely upon fiscal and monetary poli­ homes and safe on the streets. demonstrated the need to develop a more The people surrendered public education, consoUda.tel to recharge LESTER G. MADDOX praying to Him, and communism, drug ad­ their intellectual batteT'ies and to renew their diction, pornography and immorality ate skills, remedial education and tvainlng can steadily away at the moral and spiritual become an integral part of a general adult HON. FLETCHER THOMPSON strength of the nation. education program. A comprehensive man­ OF GEORGIA When tyrants came and nudged him with power progmm would coordinate the learn­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES riots, anarchy, crime, war, and threat of war, ing of adu1ts needing training and those the giant only mumbled, "okay,'' rather than pursuing avOCiational interests. Tuesday, March 21, 1972 rising to fight. 6. On a broader scale, it has been learned Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia. Mr. And so, gradually, communism and so­ that even with a complete range of man­ Speaker, the Lieutenant Governor of cialism replaced capitalism and freedom. Pri­ power services, clients may still have em­ vate property rights were abolished a little Georgia, the Honorable Lester G. Mad­ at a time, and the Constitution of the United ployment problems because of their looation, dox, recently wrote an epitaph, which he racial or other discrim.ination, or other filaws states was re-written by judicial tyrants iu the labor market rather than in the in­ says he hopes will be used as a memorial and bureaucratic dictators until ultimately, should America ever fall to her enemies. it became totally meaningless and was dis­ dividual. Manpower programs have helped carded. to spotli~t these barriers to full partici­ I believe that the thoughts expressed in this epitaph are worthy of considera­ Human dignity and personal initiative were pation in the labor market and have con­ gradually eroded and replaced with govern­ tributed to their decline, though, alas, not tion by the Members of Congress and by ment handout programs until, finally, every yet to their breakdown. Indeed, one of the all Americans. For that reason, I include citizen received a government paycheck, and most important oontributions of the man- it in the RECORD. none remained to produce the needed wealth. March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9733 Faith in God was replaced by faith 1n under the Emergency Employment Act veterans, occupational skills, and other man, faith in government, faith in political an in-depth analysis of the unemploy­ pertinent information. parties, and faith in immortality of the ment situation in New Britain. The The analysis follows: United States of America.. In his last moments, the giant opened hts mayor is to be commended for his imagi­ STATISTICAL PROFILE OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN eyes. In one final, valiant effort, he tried to native and worthwhile use of EEA funds. NEW BRITAIN, CONN., FEBRUARY 25, 1972 get back to his feet, but he was kicked back For the analysis of the problem has pro­ Toda.y's conference has been called to dis­ down by the iron boot of tyranny. vided the background material neces­ cuss the almost unprecedented economic His last words were, "Don't give up hope. sary to develop projects and programs and unemployment crisis to face the city All we need is more dollars . . . just a few that will be of benefit in reducing un­ ot New Britain in over twenty years. Histor­ more dollars, ... just a few more dollars ••." employment in New Britain. ically, it must be said that this city has, for May the greatest nation the world has ever On February 25, it was my pleasure too long a. time, been overly dependent upon known rest in peace. the defense _and aerospace industries for its to cosponsor with Mayor Pac a confer.. surviva.l. As a consequence, far ranging na­ ence in New Britain at which Federal, tional cutbacks have all but crippled our State, and local government agency rep­ local economy and involuntarily "benched" UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS resentatives, business and labor leaders a staggering segment of the professional, came together to discuss the report and technical, structural and machine trade groups which constitute our city's greatest make appropriate recommendations. It asset • • . its highest skilled labor force. HON. ELLA T. GRASSO is our strong conviction that stepped-up The enclosed material well 11lustrates this OF CONNECTICUT intergovernmental cooperation is the staggering joblessness which pervades our most effective way to translate Mayor labor ranks. They are a. result of an in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Pac's detailed unemployment report depth study of unemployment in our ci·ty Tuesday, March 21, 1972 by the staff of the public employment pro­ finding into constructive programs. In­ gram. Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, the city of deed, all of us are working for the ob­ The purpose of this research effort was New Britain, Conn., in my Sixth Dis­ jective of creating more jobs and im­ to accurately number and define unemploy­ trict, is experiencing a critical unem­ proving the quality of life in New ment in New Britain, and to analyze the resulting data in order to develop sound ployment problem with over 6,200 un­ Britain. action proposals aimed at combating the un­ employed persons representing 12 per­ For the benefit of my colleagues, I am employment program. cent of the labor market. Seventy per­ inserting in the RECORD a statistical pro­ Raw data. for this study was gathered cent of the unemployed are heads of file of unemployment in New Britain, from employment appllcation card files at households. The statistics are truly along with Mayor Pac's preface to the the Connecticut State Employment Office in New Britain. startling. study. The analysis includes the identi­ As evidenced by the results, this ci-ty is In an attempt to alleviate the prob­ fication of those unemployed, the num­ faced with a problem that is just too big lem, Mayor Stanley J. Pac has conducted ber of heads of household, number of for us to cope with at the local level.

Percent of Percent of total Percent of total Percent of Percent of New Britain labor market Percent of New Britain labor market category unemployed unemployed category unemployed unemployed

2, 715 ------43 36 867 ------14 11 3, 562 ------57 47 16,277 100 83 710 59 11 9

41 8 19 16

------878 14 12 TotaL ______175 23 2. 5 162 21 2.5 426 56 5 763 12 10

1 New Britain unemployed, city of New Britain only: Represents 14.2-percent unemployment rate in Tabor market area, New Britain labor market area employment equals 43,960.

OCCUPATIONAL GROUP OF UNEMPLOYED (JAN. 21, 1972) CITY OF NEW BRITAIN CITY OF NEW BRITAIN OCCUPATIONAL GROUP OF UNEMPLOYED VETERANS OCCUPATIONAL GROUP OF UNEMPLOYED MINORITIES (JAN. 21, 1972) Percent of (Jan. 21, 1972) Group Amount unemployed Percent of Percent of minority 1. Professional, technical and man- unemployed Group Amount unemployed ageriaL ______428 7 Group Amount veterans 2. Clerical and sales ______1, 251 20 3. Service ______594 10 1. Professional, technical, and 1. Professional, technical, and managerial ______21 2 4. Farming, fishing and forestry ___ _ 48 1 manageriaL ______----_ 2. Clerical and sales ______5. Processing ______183 3 135 11 106 12 6. Machine trades ______2. Clerical and sales ______164 13 3. Service ______125 14 1,452 23 3. Service ______------7. Bench work ______777 13 80 7 4. Farming, fishing, and forestry ______7 1 4. Farming, fishing, and forestry ______8 1 5. Processing ______------68 8 8. Structural work ______878 14 6. Machine trades ______9. Miscellaneous ______576 9 5. Processing ______------32 3 201 23 6. Machine trades ______214 18 7. Benchwork ______------129 15 7. Bench trades ______37 8. Structural work ______Total unemployed in New 8. Structural work ______3 95 11 Britain ______6,277 100 403 33 9. Miscellaneous ___ ------__ 126 14 9. Miscellaneous ______------136 11 Total, unemployed veterans ____ 1, 209 100 To~~~~~~r~;!~- ~~~~~-- ______878 100 9734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 197B

Ctty of New Britatn-CoZlege educated un­ Process planner ------4 TECHNICAL/PROFESSIONAL UNEMPLOYED t employed• Systems analyst ------· 3 St111 attending: CoDlputer sciences ------8 Cate~~ical 2______--- ______------__ --~mou~~ Business a.dminlstration ------17 Metallurgist ------1 Computer science------14 Surveyor, construction ------4 Management_ ___ ------_ 8 ~ucation ------8 Psychiatry______6 Accounting ------4 2 ltadio operator ------Electronic technologY------~------5 English ------4 Medical technician ------4 MechanicaL------~- ______------____ 4 Sociology ------4 Aerial photographer ------1 Education ______-----______4 Language interpreter______3 Ldberaa arts ------4 Total, technical (1.75 percent) ___ 109 History ------3 ======!rath ------3 Communications______~~~t~e~~:~-~~=== ~2 Professional: Accounting ______------_ 2 Axt ------2 PersonneL ______------_ 2 EConontlcs ------2 Architect ------2 Banking______1 Psychology ------2 Financial analyst ------4 Expeditor _------______1 Data sciences ------1 Credit analyst ------1 Tax examiner______------1 Controller ------'------1 Market research analyst______1 Science ------1 Journalism______1 Physical education ------1 EconoDlist ------4 TotaL ______Police a.dminlstration ------1 Assessor ------1 59 Oommunlcations ------1 Accountant ------21 Merchandizing ------1 Purchasing agent ------9 1 This is a Jist of unemployed individuals who possess skills Marketing specialist ------3 and training in addition to their primary occupations. Marketing ------1 2 85 percent of this figure is composed of nurses aides. Interior design ------1 Sales/service ------5 MatheDlatician ------4 Total (1 percent of total)------61 CheDlist ------4 Physicist ------1 ARMY HELICOPTER GUNSHIP College graduates: Biologist ------3 BS-BA degrees: Social scientist ------2 Psychology ------~ Political scientist ------2 HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO ECononncs ------5 Lawyer ------1 Sociology ------4 Security officer ------1 OF CONNECTICUT IIistory ------3 Revenue agent ------1 IN TIIE IIOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Math ------3 CoDlDlercial designer ------7 Physical education ------3 Fashion artist ------2 Tuesday, March 21, 1972 Biology ------2 Musician ------1 Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, one of the Dran1a ------2 CoDlDlunicattons ------9 most urgently needed items for the ~ucation ------2 ShipDlate ------1 is Political science ------1 Army's inventory of defense systems AthletePhysical ------education/sports instructor__ 42 the helicopter gunship, Medical ------1 A diversified Army helicopter gunship Physics ------1 Teacher ------50 Chennstry ------1 Teacher's aide ------2 is needed to counter some very serious Geography ------1 Director/special education ------1 threats. For instance, in the European Liberal arts ------1 Teacher/mentally retarded ------1 theater the Warsaw Pact and Soviet !rusic ------1 Psychology/counseling ------7 forces maintain a superior margin of Languages ------1 EDlploYDlent interviewer ------2 mobility because of a greater number of Mana.geDlent ------1 Interpreter ------1 armored vehicles than NATO has. How­ Marketing ------1 Librarian ------2 Medical/dental assistant ------12 ever, NATO and the United States could Total uneDlployed holding BS or offset or balance that edge by having Nurse ------6 BA degrees ------41 PharDlacist ------2 mobility in the form of helicopter attack IIealth inspector ------1 units supported, of course, by Iow-:fiying !rS and !rA degrees: Airplane pilot ------2 helicopter gunships. EconoDlics ------1 AdDlinistrative assistant ------8 In guerrilla warfare or counterinsur­ !rath ------1 AdDlinistrative contractor ------2 gency, the Air Force close air support ~ucation ------1 Social worker ------19 systems cannot :flush out the enemy as IIistory ------1 Phymcs ------1 Total, professional (3.5 percent) __ 217 capably as a helicopter gunship can. The Counseling ------1 helicopter gunship can :fly along contours Managerial: at low altitudes, change to slow speeds, Total uneDlployed holding !rS or Manager ------65 and, of course, move vertically and turn MA degrees ------6 Manager trainee ------17 about in a way that provides a more ac­ PIID degrees: Chennstry______2 CoDlpany president ------4 curate and ·timely response to the needs Production Dlanager ------3 of ground troops. The infantry soldier's Total of unemployed holding de­ Superintendent/construction ------7 survival can be further assured. grees (.008 percent)------49 Supervisor ------5 Whereas the Air Force close air sup­ -General foreman ------1 *These statistics reflect only those uneDl• port systems can interdict from high alti­ ployed individuals whose college major dif• Total, Dlanagerial (1.75 per­ tudes and destroy generally defined tar­ fered frODl their stated occupation. cent) ------102 gets, which is necessary, they cannot ctty of New Brttatn--Technical, professfonal1 identify and segregate individual targets managerial unemployed Total, technical, professional, and during periods of harried close combat Technical: Dlanagerial uneDlployed (7 per- without the support of specialized for­ Mechanical draftsDlan ------7 cent) ------428 ward air controllers and a sophisticated DraftsDlan ---·------11 communications system, while the heli­ Product designer ------18 CITY OF NEW BRITAIN, DEFINITIONtOF AGE GROUP OF copter gunship can provide support al­ Design checker ------2 UNEMPLOYED most instantaneously, Helicopter gun­ Manufacturing engineer ------3 ships can support small but highly im­ Assistant engineer ------6 Number Percentage portant patrols or other small engage­ TiDle study engineer_ ------8 ments when it would appear too costly Electronic engineer ------3 to provide the Air Force systems. Age group:16 to 20 ______Electronic technician ------5 632 Engineering scheduler ------1 10 A helicopter gunship rides "shotgun" 21 to 29_ ------2, 069 t~ during an air assault. After the troops 30 to 39------~------917 Engineer ------6 40 to 49 ______1, 071 11 are on the ground, the gunship continues Chemical engineer ------1' 50 to 65 ______1, 320 2 Radio engineer ------2 66 and over______· 268 1 to support by :fire. It stays close to the Marine engineer ------1 Over 45: unit it is supporting and can perform as Design engineer ------2 Mate __ ------______------1, 007 ------a protective lead element, or a rear Female ______------_ 973 ------Laboratory tester ------~------6 guard, or it can defend the :flanks. The March 22, 197.6J EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9735 Air Force close air support systems must The witness gave the date as September 4, with regularity. They are checking NORAD's fly too fast. The main concerns of the 1969. response time. They are recording the fre­ "You certainly have been embarrassed," quencies of our command-and-control sys­ Air Force close air support systems should the Congressman continued. tems and radars. They are giving Russian be the larger obstacles which are the "Yes, Sir," was the General's answer. bomber crews realistic training. They are main impediments to an infantry unit's The General was not alone. Mr. Hebert has observing our naval activity. progress, which is why they would main­ been embarrassed, too, most of all last Octo­ And NORAD is not alone in facing these tain much napalm and large rockets. ber 26, when a. Russian-bunt AN-24 trans­ feints. Reports from Europe say Soviet air­ The gunship can land in an emergency. port, out of Havana., Cuba, landed at Moisa.nt craft are probing NATO defenses in the It can change its role and evacuate International Airport in New Orleans. Mr. same manner. Almost daily they are testing Hebert represents New Orleans in Congress, NATO's ab111ty to react. The British Royal wounded if necessary. It can aid the com­ and national defense is his personal legisla­ Air Force sees a. great deal of Russian Bear mander of ground troops to reconnoiter. tive bailiwick. and Badger bombers, many of them headed It can serve as a command ship. The Armed Services chairman had been for Cuba. In Castro's country they not only The V-STOL quality gives the system upset previously, on October 5, 1969, about can receive fuel and maintenance, but they a broad range of advantages that fit the a month after General McKee wrote to the profit from the experience of navigating and needs of the infantry. I sincerely hope JCS. That was the day an armed Cuban operating at the edge of the United States. that the request for funds for the Army's MIG-17 fiew undetected from Havana to Like General McKee, Mr. Hebert is inter­ Homestead Air Force Base in Florida. and ested in broader aspects of the problem than helicopter gunship will be supported by landed while the Presidential aircraft, Air those dramatized by the Cuban act in his this Congress. Force One, was parked nearby. own front yard. Both incidents resulted in examinations by In his report on the most recent hea.dng, Mr. Hebert's committee. It was only two the chairman points out there has been little weeks after the New Orleans surprise that his change in our concept of air defense since THE GAPS IN OUR Am DEFENSE Armed Services Investigating Subcommittee, the late 1950s, when Russian bombers were chaired by the chairman himself, called a the only threat. Since then, the missile has hearing. assumed stature as a strategic weapon, "al­ The report on that session came up with though the bomber threat has not signifi­ HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT these conclusions: cantly diminished." OF LOUISIANA 1. Existing US air defense is virtually use­ At the same time, the report says, to save IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less. It is more concept than actuality. money, air defense forces on the continent 2. In a. series of economy moves, begin­ have been cut sixty percent. It fixes 1963 as Tuesday~ March 21, 1972 ning in 1963, our detection and intercept the start of this degeneration. As money be­ Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, in my capabilities have rapidly deteriorated despite came scarcer, the decision was made to de­ a steadily increaiSing threat posed by sub­ plete the southern defense ring in favor o! opinion Claude Witze, senior editor of marine-launched missiles and newly de­ the northern borders. Air Force magazine, is one of the most veloped Soviet long-range bombers. knowledgeable and reliable reporters on 3. Because of the fa.Uure to maintain a. SURPRISED REACTION the Washington scene, and I have had viable US air defense system, sovereign US Out in Colorado Springs, a component the privilege of inserting several of his airspace cannot be effectively protected from neighbor af NORAD is USAF's Aerospace De­ intrusions by foreign aircraft, civil or mlli­ fense Command, headed by Lt. Gen. Thomas past articles in the RECORD. tary. K. McGehee. General McGehee sounds a little Today I want to insert an in-depth re­ 4. A 1,500-mile opening in our air defense surprised when he talks about the reac­ port entitled, "The Gaps in Our Air De­ exists on the southern US perimeter between tion in Congress to a. couple of episodes in fense," a subject in which we all should Florida and California.. The area is virtually which the southern defense ring has been be interested. devoid of mllitary surveillance and air de­ penetrated by airplanes from Cuba. He points As you know, I immediately launched fense command and control. out that there was little objection in Con­ 5. The Cuban plane incidents of 1969 and gress back in 1963 when the first steps were an investigation into the surprise land­ taken. According to the General's recollec­ in 1971 demonstrate that any foreign power ing of a Cuban plane New Orleans can, at will, violate the southern US air­ tion, the first survelilance radar to be dis­ on October 26 of last year to determine space without detection or interception. More mantled was in Texas. And the only Con­ how it was able to enter our airspace importantly, they suggest that any enemy gressman to complain with vehemence was undetected. having ~he ca.pabll1ty to attack from the Edgar F. Foreman, a. Texas Republican and My Armed Services Investigating Sub­ south would be immune from detection and Armed Services Committeeman. When the interception. radar was taken out, the hole was called committee learned that there was a "Foreman's Gap." 1,500-mile gap in our air defense sys­ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS Now the gap is about 1,500 miles long, and tem along the southern border of the The committee made two recommenda­ the Cubans know it can be penetrated with United States. Fortunately, I was able tions to the Secretary of Defense: ease. The aircraft that landed in New Orleans to get a commitment from Secretary of 1. Accelerate the upgrading of existing last October-Mr. Hebert says it was fiown Defense Melvin Laird a short time after outmoded and ineffective continental air de­ in by Fidel Castro's personal pilot-was des­ my subcommittee report was made public fenses by inclusion of the Airborne Warn­ ignated Cubana. 887. Early on the morning that a radar would be installed at White­ ing and Control System (AWACS), the Over­ of the fiight, the Havana. Air Tra.fiic Control the-orizon Backscatter Radar (OTH-B), and Center filed an instrument fiight rule (IFR) house, Va., to plug that gap. the Improved Manned Interceptor (IMI) . fiight plan for a. proposed trip from Havana Mr. Witze's article deals with our en­ 2. Ut111ze, as an interim measure for to New Orleans. The message designated the tire air defense situation, and I insert it southern air defenses, the OTH-B system flight as Cubana. Special One, not Cubana. at this point: presently available for detection and surveil­ 877. THE GAPS IN OUR Am DEFENSE lance. This fiight plan was filed directly with the If Mr. Hebert seems unduly alarmed, there (By Claude Witze) Federal Aviation Administration's switching are more reasons for it than two airplane center at Kansas City, Mo., and relayed at About two and a half years ago, Gen. Seth sorties from Cuba.. The truth is that Soviet once to centers at Houston and Miami as well J. McKee, Commander in Chle! Of the North bomber :fllghts along the fringes of North as the New Orleans International tower. Word American Air Defense Command (NORAD), America are routine. Alaska, Canada., and Ice­ also was passed on to NORAD, FAA head­ was asked by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to land are common territories of interest and quarters, and the State Department. The plan evaluate the impact of a. proposed shutdown the Russian fiights are monitored by Ameri­ called for Cubana Special One to depart of half a. dozen long-range radars, then part can and Canadian interceptors. Our Defense Havana. at 9:00 a.m. with estimated arrival of the network guarding the USA from at­ Department has a. pollcy of keeping silent in New Orleans at 11:59 a.m. Intended air­ tacks by hostlle bombers. about this, although the Canadian govern­ speed was 240 miles an hour at an altitude The General's reply was that if six radars ment shows little reticence in this regard. of 14,000 feet. had to be closed down, for budget reasons, At NORAD Headquarters in Colorado Springs, The Cubans violated a. couple of regula­ they should be selected from the area along Colo., there is a file of motion-picture films, tions right at the outset. There is a. rule, the Gulf of Mexico, because that was the taken from accompanying Interceptors, of instigated by the State Department and pre­ least critical area.. innumerable examples of Russian bombers on sumably enforced by FAA, that says any However, he added, "we will be vulnerable probing fiights. fiight from Cuba. is required to file its flight to embarrassement by undetected and un­ General McKee makes it clear to visitors at plan five days in advance. This wasn't the challenged flights entering the u.-s ...." his command post at Ent AFB, Colo., that case and when FAA asked Havana. 1f Cubana "When was that written" General McKee the two CUban flights are different only in Special One had taken off, FAA was told it was asked last November by Rep. F. Edward that they terminated iil the continental US. had not departed. In fact, Cubana 877 had Hebert, chairman of the House Armed Serv­ Soviet bombers fiy over our fieets in the already been in the air about forty minutes. ices Conunlttee. Atlantic and Pacific and skirt the continent On top of this, at no time was FAA told how 9736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2'2, 1972 many passengers were aboard or their iden­ An hour and twenty minutes after the NORAD WEAPONS tification. Mr. Hebert says one of those proposed departure of Cubana Special One, aboard was the chief of Castro's central in­ the word came back from State that visa 1971 tell1gence organization. applications for the sugar-cane conference "There is no evidence," the Armed Services had been denied about a month earlier. As a matter of faot, the State Department Nike/Hawk batteries ______270 63 report says, "that any of the US authorities Fighter squadrons (Reg.) ______65 14 advised the Cuban authorities that the flight had known for over a year that Cubans were Fighter squadrons (ANG) ______38 15 plan filed by Havana failed to conform to making a determined effort to attend the Bomarc squadrons ______9 7 US requirements in at least two important conference. The Armed Services Committee TotaL ______----- respects and, therefore, would not be ap­ argues that State "should have brought this 382 99 proved." information promptly to the attention of STICKY MATTER all agencies concerned with national security, By June 30, 1972, the fourteen regular in­ On the morning of October 26 there was in order to insure a ready response to a pos­ terceptor squadrons will be cut to nine another sticky matter in the news about sible illegal entry. However, although the and, by June 30, 1973, reduced again to Cuba that obviously had a bearing on how problem was discussed over a period of seven, half of the 1971 strength. The Fiscal FAA handled what turned out to be Cubana months, there is no evidence that either 1973 proposed budget, sent to Congress in 877. Washington was concerned about an NORAD or CONAD was advised of the pend­ January, also indicates the Army's surface­ American Airlines 747 and 235 passengers ing problem or that any contingency plan to-air batteries wm be depleted to only that had been hijacked to Havana and kept had been agreed upon." twenty-one. The number of Bomarc squad­ there more than two days. James Murphy, Further, in discussing NORAD's participa­ rons already stands at five instead of seven. Director of the Office of Air Transportation tion, the report concludes that it was exactly Security, was the man in charge of the prob­ eight minutes after the Cubans had deplaned NORAD RADARS lem on the morning of October 26. Under at New Orleans that the command had a call questioning, he was asked whether he chal­ from the State Department representative at 1960 1971 lenged the Cubans when they failed to give the National Military Command Center. The message: Due to Soviet Prime Minister Ko­ five days' notice for the flight. Long-range radars______187 99 "We were having a hard time with the sygin's arrival in Cuba that day, the Havana Gap fillers______105 0 airport was closed and the proposed flight­ Cubans that particular day," Mr. Murphy TotaL______------292 99 replied. "The night before-because of the of Cubana Special One, later Cubana 877- American 747 and 235 people on the ground­ could not take off. the Havana Center told the Miami Center to "Under these circumstances," the report In the same time period, personnel as­ stop bugging them. They didn't want any says, "it would not be too difficult to under­ signed for air defense of the continent were more transmissions. We tried to be very selec­ stand why NORAD might have been less than reduced by about sixty percent, from 246,720 tive in communicating with Havana Center certain as to what, if anything, it should do." to 94,575. until it really counted.... " General McKee's attitude was stated, loud In his testimony, General McKee empha­ Mr. Murphy said he waited until fifty-three and clear, on the stand. He was asked sized that he does not have forces to cover minutes after the flight plan called for Cu­ whether he was of the opinion that the our southern approaches. There are from bana Special One to have taken off, then Cubans really were headed for the conference four to six interceptors on alert at Home­ ordered Miami to ask whether the aircraft on sugar, or "did they have something else stead AFB in Florida. He said that in the had taken off or not. He suspected, by this in mind?" past year the 20th NORAD region, which is time, that Cubana Special One had some­ The answer was that from the way the responsible for air defense of the southeast­ thing to do with the hijacked airplane and flight was conducted and the fact that tt ern U.S., has detected a total of 176 un­ the release of the Americans aboard. He said, was not deteotet'. "indicates to me that they known aircraft. "We were urging the State Department and underflew our radar, which did give cover­ "I can say," he told the committee, "that other elements to treat the Cubans with age in the Cuban area. Also, since they didn't our anti-bomber defense systems are obso­ courtesy and consideration on their arrival" report in at the mandatory reporting points lescent and generally nonexistent along our because he did not want to jeopardize the as they should have done, it 1s my opinion southern border. We still have precisely the release the 747 and the Americans aboard. they didn't want us to know they were there same types of weapons that we had in the As for Cubana Special One, the inquiry until they arrived." early 1960s, but they are now ten years older, found Havana replied to Mr. Murphy's query The General was reminded that even and we have them in far fewer numbers. In at 9:54 a.m., saying the aircraft had not de­ though he doesn't have the equipment, he spite of this phase down in weapons and parted. Later evidence showed Cubana 877 has the responsibiUty. personnel, CINCNORAD's responsib111ties had taken off at 7: 15 a.m. and was in the "If they had come in, let's say, and dropped have not diminished." bombs or something or other, you would be air for thirty-five minutes before the flight PRIORITY DEPLOYMENT plan was filed. It arrived in New Orleans at the fellow that would be on the pan, would 11: 17 a.m., nearly an hour earlier than the you not?" Later, the General said he must use what arrival time estimated in the flight plan for The General replied this was most Ukely. he has on a priority basis. Russia has the Special One. General McKee raised a point of his own capability to threaten our survival and that The first knowledge US officials had of an about the State Department's requirement is why his limited arsenal is deployed the impending arrival was a request for landing for five days' notification of unscheduled way it is. He said the master plan drawn up instructions received at New Orleans Inter­ flights from Cuba. to airports 1n the U.S. in 1967 was based on the premise that the national at 10:57 a.m. The aircraft identified There had been a. long discussion about it, savings Mhieved by phasing down the sys­ itself as Cubana 877 and said it was twenty­ and the USAF captain who got the first word tem would amortize the procurement of a five miles away at 4,000 feet. Cubana 877 was on October 26 testified that he did not know more modern defense force. cleared for landing at 11: 12 a.m. There is of the requirement. It was repeatedly pointed out that the de­ no further reference to Cubana Special One. "That response might have led you to be· cisions to phase down air defense are made Who was on board? Twenty-one Cubans lieve that others of us were aware of that re­ by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and "at a higher who said they came to town to attend an quirement," General McKee told the hea.rJ.ng. level." NORAD gets its orders from the JCS. International Sugar Cane Technological "The facts are that I was nat aware of it, The Hebert hearing called Admiral Moorer, Conference. In addition to arriving without and I have been unable to determine that JCS Chairman, to testify. an approved flight plan, they had no US visas anyone in NORAD was aware of it." The Admiral, always a blunt witness on Capitol Hill, made no bones of the fact that for admission to this country. JCS CHAIRMAN The uninvited and unannounced Cuban "fiscal realities" dictate some JCS decisions. There were two star witnesses heard on He said the big threat from Russia lies in guests were put up, for a couple of days, at the subject of air defense ca.pab111t1es. In ad­ their nuclear missile capabillty; their bomb­ a Hilton Hotel adjacent to the New Orleans dition to General McKee, the committee had ers could strike targets in the southern airport. Then they were moved, to quarters a long session with Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, states, but better options are in hand at this that were less expensive to the US govern­ Chairman of the JCS. time. ment. They spent the next half-dozen days at The General reviewed the role of So far as Cuba 1s concerned, Admiral the Belle Chasse Naval Air Station, where CINCNORAD and his responsibll1t1es to the Moorer testified that it has Russian MIG-17 they were bedded down in--of all places-the President, the Prime Minister of Canada, the and MIG-21 aircraft, the latter with an op­ F. Howard Hebert Bachelor Officers Quarters. JCS, the Secretary of Defense, and their mlli­ erating radius that would permit attacks no From here, they were sent home, without a tary coUDJterparts in Canada. NORAD 1s bi­ further away than Florida. American deter­ taste or smell of sugar. national; it uses the strength of USAF's rent power, the Admiral believes, is enough Aerospace Defense Command (ADO), the STATE NOT SPARED to eliminate the risk of such an assault. He Canadian Forces Air Defense Command, and indicated the JCS still stands in support of The committee report does not spare the the U.S. Army Air Defe.nse Command. the air defense modernization program State Department. Kenneth M. Smith, FAA Back in 1958, when NORAD was estab­ drafted in 1967. Under questioning he gave Deputy Administrator, testified that "we got lished, it had substantial forces. What has the anticipated operational dates for the nowhere" in first efforts to find out whether happened since then is shown 1n this tabula­ OTH-B, IMI, and AWACS projects. The dates any visas had been issued. tion: were deleted by the censors. March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9737 For the improved interceptor, Admiral "Later, techniques were developed to detect at NORAD and obviously is of major con­ Moorer suggested, probably for the first time aircraft and cruise missiles ~that can be cern to the Armed Services Committees of in public, that either the Navy's Grumman launched from submarines. The operational both the House and Senate. No report is F-14 or the USAF McDonnell Douglas F-15 capability of OTH was proven in the deploy­ complete, however, without reference to the could fill the bill. In Colorado Springs, Gen­ ment of such radars overseas. Confirmation skepticism that prevails in other key areas. eral McGehee indicated to this reporter that of the OTH capabilities has led to plans to It suffices to call attention to last year's ADC has been working on a proposed modi­ develop a sophisticated OTH-B system for hearings of the Subcommittee on Defense fication of the new USAF aircraft, the F-15 US air defenses to be operational in the mid- Appropriations of the Senate Appropriations that can fill the requirement later in the 1970s. However, a used system, which is now Committee. The Chairman is Allen J. Ellen­ 1970s. available, can provide interim detection ca­ der, who hails from Louisiana and is a polit­ In his testimony, Admiral Moorer some­ pabilities along our southern perimeter." ical neighbor of F. Edward Hebert. how did not seem to share the distress of The report continued: Mr. Ellender, who has visited Russia and General McKee and Congressman Hebert "Estimates provided by industry witnesses considers himself something of an expert over their embarrassment at the violation of indicated that coverage of the Florida Straits, on that country, its intentions and capa­ our airspace and regulations by Cubana 877. and practically the entire Gulf of Mexico by bilities, says "they are not building bombers He was asked what he would do if he had the existing OTH-B radar, can be achieved in to .any extent." He says the force they have more money. "Would you fill this gap as a top six months. They also testified that the first­ is old and he fears that "the moment 7/e priority, or put it somewhere else?" year costs, including refurbishment, installa­ start building the B-1 ... they are going to The Admiral replied that he would favor tion, and site preparation, as well as one year go back and try to imitate us. more modernization. of operational manning, are estimated at $5.7 "I have contended all along that we have "You might procure the AWACS aircraft, million. put Russia on the defensive for the last fif­ for example, when it becomes available, so "The subcommittee urges the Department teen or twenty years. That is what we have that it could be redeployed quickly to es­ of Defense to take immediate action to in­ done. That is why you see so many Russian tablish a barrier along the southern area in stall the presently available OTH-B at a lo­ ships in the Mediterranean. We have been order to prevent these single-plan run-ins. cation that would close the gap in our south­ in the Mediterranean for twenty-two years, "I think you are always going to have the ern defense perimeter. The subcommittee and they just recently have come there." possibility that a single plane flying on the also urges the rapid development, procure­ The hearings were held last April, but deck can penetrate almost any system that ment, and deployment of the improved the censored transcript was released only you could develop. It would be very expensive OTH-B to insure the integrity of our entire about the first of this year. In it, Chair­ indeed to build up a system in this area CONUS defense detection capability. This, of man Ellender engaged in exchanges on Rus­ that [would be] 100 percent leakproof. It course, is but the first step in the critically sian military stature With Grant L. Han­ would be very expensive for the purpose of needed upgrading of our CONUS defense sen, Assistant USAF Secretary for Research intercepting one or two aircraft a year, if you which, in addition, must also include the new and Development, and Lt. Gen. Otto J. Glas­ consider these priorities that I have dis­ Airborne Warning and Control System ser, Deputy Chief of Staff for R&D. cussed. (AWACS) and Improved Manned Interceptor Mr. Hansen pointed out that the F-106 "On the other hand, I realize fully the psy­ (IMI). air defense interceptor is fourteen years old. chological impact ana the need for the "These two systems can also be operation­ That situation must be remedied and other United States to protect this airspace. It is al by the mid-seventies and, when used in R&D money for the next few years must go a highly desirable capability, as I have said. connection with the OTH-B, can give this to finish development of the B-1, the F-15, But at the rate we have been reducing the country real defensive security. This must be the A-X, and AWACS. There are other items defense budget, and viewing at the same time accomplished with all speed, for each passing essential to our defense, including better the condition of the current air defense day makes more dangerous 'the calculated surface-to-air missiles, optically aimed weap­ forces, I would have to look at the problem risk' which has been permitted in the name ons, improved reconnaissance devices, un­ in totality to see just where we should put of economy." manned observation platforms, and relays for the money." What the report failed to point out in this guidance and control. So far, there is no It was suggested by Rep. Samuel S. Strat­ otherwise revealing summary of OTH-B ca­ development program for the IMI. ton of New York that the Cubans might at­ pabilities is that the new advance in radar Mr. Ellender's response was to recall the tempt an attack against a US target and contributes to more than our defense against history of the North American B-70 bomb­ Russia would intervene by threatening nu­ intrusions by airplanes, be they bombers or er. He said the project was stopped because clear war if the US retaliated. irritating little flights like that of Cubana the Russians improved their high-altitude The Admiral said he does not think the 877. The OTH-B, once fully operational, will defense system, which also forced the US Kremlin would be willing to trade Moscow be part of the continent's strategic warning to alter B-52 tactics and put the aircraft for New York in order to support Castro "on system. on the deck. "How do we know," the chair­ such a junket as these MIGs might indulge A NEW SOVIET BOMBER man asked, "they won't develop a low-alti­ in." He puts his faith in continued deter­ In recent months, the Russian surge to tude defense system that will counter the rent power. achieve nuclear superiority has been well B-1's low-level capabilities?" STORED RADAR publicized. Jane's Weapons Systems, pub­ The response was that the B-1 will be It was while Admiral Moorer was testifying lished last November, reported that the So­ versatile; it can go hlgh and fast, and go that the inquiry learned there is a back­ viet Union has "overtaken, and in some cases low, using sophisticated penetration aids. scatter radar (OTH-B) in storage. In early surpassed, the West in developing missiles Facing General Glasser, who outlined the December, at the final session of the Armed and other weaponry." More recently, there case for OTH-B and AWACS, the Appropria­ Services hearing, witnesses were called from was the appearance of a new bomber, named tions Chairman challenged the spending of the Office of Naval Research and the Inter­ "Backfire" by NATO. Jane's says it is super­ "tremendous sums" for a warning system national Telephone & Telegraph Corp. (ITT) sonic with a low-altitude capability at no aimed at Russian bombers, arguing that it to discuss the status of this project. A vast loss of speed. Also, that "the approximately escalates the arms race. Again, he depre­ amount of the testimony was deleted by equivalent US B-1 bomber project is only at ciated the threat from Russian bombers. Pentagon censors, upon publication of the the mockup stage, while Russia has two General Glasser testified that the OTH-B transcript. What was learned is best sum­ Backfire prototypes flying." proposed funding for Fiscal 1972 was $3.6 marized in the committee report: In Colorado Springs, air defense experts million, added to prior funding of $8.6 mil­ "The brightest spot in this depressing pic­ argue that the Russian aircraft now in use lion. Then there was this revealing ex­ ture was supplied by certain milltary and for offshoiJ.'e missions near North America are change: civilian witnesses, who testified that Over­ a credible threat to the United States. Heav­ Chairman ELLENDER: In view of the limited the-Horizon Backscatter (OTH-B) radars are iest is the TU-95 Bear, with an unrefueled threat against the continental United States, in operation overseas today, and have been range of about 8,000 miles. It can carry a just why do you feel it necessary to spend for some time, and such a unit is now avail­ 25,000-pound bomb load. all of these funds to develop new aircraf.t able to provide immediate detection cap9ibili­ The commercial version of this airplane, warning systems? ties along our southern perimeter," the re­ the TU-114, regularly flies nonstop from General GLASSER: As you know, we have port says. Havana to Moscow. Bear bombers fly nonstop hard evidence of a bomber prototype, which "Experiments with OTH-B detection sys­ Moscow to Havana in seventeen hours-that is well advanced in the Soviet Union and tems have been conducted since the late trip has become routine. They are turbo­ which could be in production long before 1940s; but at that time results were incon­ props. we would be able to put in these reactive clusive as to their value for military pur­ There is a smaller, medium-range Soviet defenses. poses. In the late 1950s, greater attention was bomber called the Badger, frequently seen Chairman ELLENDER: That has been going directed toward the development of OTH off Alaska, and 3. supersonic medium-range on for several years? capabilities when the Navy proved it could bomber named Blinder. The Defense Depart­ General GLASSER: Yes, Sir. detect nuclear testing. In the early 1960s, the ment estimates there are 750 aircraft in these Chairman ELLENDER: When we develop a Navy constructed an OTH-B and began re­ two classes, plus 110 Bears and ninety new weapons system, the Russians emula.te porting missile launches, as well as nuclear Bisons, an older all-jet bomber. us or develop a countermeasure to our action. testing. The credibility of this threat is accepted The development of the B-1 may well ac- CXVIII--614-Part 8 9738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 celerate the development of more sophisti­ to meet some social planner's concept of would be a misfortune if Mr. Nixon's oppo­ cated Russian bombers. Don't you agree? what is considered to be the correct racial nents were to fall into the trap of allowing General GLASSER: I am not in a position balance ..." He wants to save a generation him to convert this issue into the central to agree with you, but I would have to poilllt of children from the pollcl·es of those who argument of 1972. out that it would· be reckless of us to en­ are putting "primary emphasis on more bus­ The tragedy is that the busing controversy gage in unilateral disarmament. ing rather than on better education." has been-and apparently will continue to This discUssion, essentially about the All this paints an alarming picture of a be-a cruelly diversionary, divisive conflict. chicken and the egg, is going to be con­ reality that does not exist. No new legislation No matter how it is resolved in the legislative tinued in 1972. Considering the opinions of is required to prevent the courts from man­ arena at this juncture, the Supreme Court Mr. Hebert, Generals McKee, McGehee, and dating racially balanced schools. In a unani­ will still be heard from. Mr. Nixon is deluding Glasser, Admiral Moorer, and Mr. Ellender, mous ruling based on an opinion written by the country by suggesting that the program the debate is not likely to wane. Chief Justice Burger last April, the Court he outlined can be imposed overnight. The right answer could be dictated in upheld busing as a means of dismantling Moreover, and perhaps more important, regardless of the immediate legislative result, Moscow. dual school systems. At the same time, how­ Until it is, the NORAD command and Con­ ever, the Court stated explicitly that it had the deep unrest and frustration afflicting so gressman Hebert appear to be the only neither -mandated nor considered desirable much of America will remain essentially un­ the establishment of a racial balance or of changed. The drug plaque responsible for principals truly embarassed ·by such events much of the nation's crime-inside and out­ as the flight of Cuba.na 877. any "fixed mathematical norms." The Burger ruling stressed that, where side the schools-would not be remotely there was no history of discrimination, "it affected by the stoppage of the buses. No might well be desirable to assign pupils to jobless Vietnam veteran would gain employ­ schools nearest their homes." It specifically ment. Explosive economic inequities would THE NEW YORK TIMES AND NEW questioned the wisdom and propriety of be unaltered. And the distortion of national YORK POST SCORE PRESIDENT transporting children over long distances. priorities embodied in the military budget NIXON'S BUSING STAND Thus, it is clear that the Supreme Court would remain a flagrant example of con­ does not require the kind of indiscriminate spicuous human waste. busing Mr. Nixon wants to outlaw. No legisla­ Mr. Nixon could have performed a momen­ HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN tion is required to prohibit a Federal court tous mission by placing the problem in such OF NEW YORK from ordering what the Supreme Court has perspective rather than injecting new emo­ tionalism into the debate. He could have rec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES already declared undesirable. Mr. Nixon must surely know that the principal aim of de­ ognized and saluted the areas--especially in Tuesday, March 21, 1972 segregation is to allow children who have the South-in which busing has proved to be an entirely positive weapon in achieving Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, President been confined to inferior schools to be given access to superior ones, and not vice versa. both desegregation and quality education. Nixon's message to Congress concernj.ng Many children moreover have long been bused He could have recalled the long, sad history the busing oJ children to achieve racial over long distances, in order to maintain of the busing of black children to maintain balance in schools failed to provide the segregation. segregated schools. Nation with the leadership it needs to The President's second proposal-the Equal But he did none of these things. While pro­ deal with this highly charged emotional Educational Opportunities Act of 1972- fessing to discern the complexity of the issue. Instead of reminding the American airns at improving schools now attended by problem, he offered simplistic-and largely poor children, in other words primarily the spurious-answers little different from those people that a clearly established line of George Wallace had proposed. He delivered a Supreme Court decisions, starting with segregated schools. This is what desegrega­ tion was all about in the first place. It is in harsh blow to the thoughtful leaders of the Brown against Board of Education in those districts which have failed in the near.:. black community who have been striving to 1954, requires the integration of schools ly two decades since the historic Brown deci­ resist the new tide of separatism in their own and the ·dismantling of the dual school sion of 1954 either to desegregate or to im­ ranks. He derisively assailed the "social plan­ system, the President chose to aline him­ prove the schools attended by black chil­ ners" whom he seemed to accuse of insensi­ self with those who make political capi­ dren that Federal courts have been dri>fen tivity to the unease of parents and of a mind­ tal out of racial distrust and discord. to order busing. less attachment for the busing process. But There· is little in the President's call for it was a Republican Chief Justice named Earl The proposed moratori urn on all new Warren who presided over the court in the or additional busing orders would be a spending $2.5 billion to upgrade poverty schools that is not already contained in the celebrated case that is now the real center legislative usurpation of judicial power, Elementary and Secondary Education Act of the storm. which at the least would provoke a con­ of 1965. Regrettably, neither the Federal Gov­ Mr .. Nixon depleted himself once agatn as stitutional crisis. It is a direct assault ernment nor many state and local school a man walking the "middle ground" between upon the Supreme Court's desegregation authorities have shown the will and skill to rival extremists. If that were truly his posi­ decision and should be rejected. put the act and the funds to effective use. tion, he would have backed the Scott-Mans­ President Eisenhower made little secret of field amendment approved by the Senate. Two of New York City's .major news­ That amendment essentially borrowed the papers, the New York Times and the his personal coolness toward the 1954 de­ segregation ruling, but he enforced the law language used by Chief Justice Burger last New York Post, have in editorials on as defined by the Court to the limit of his April when he declared objections to busing March 18 forthrightly scored the Pres­ Presidential power. When the Chief Execu­ became valid "when the time or distance of ident's decision to extract maximum po­ tive now appeals for legislation to limit the travel is so great as to risk either the health litical capital from the busing issue. authority of the judiciary, he tampers with of the children or significantly impinge on Both of these editorials which point the foundations of government under-law; the educational process." out how the President is confusing the for he diminishes the capacity of the courts These words are responsive to the concern issue, lucidly and cogently discuss the to gain voluntary and peaceful compliance voiced by parents in situations where busing for their rulings. Such compliance is never plans would expose children to manifestly busing question; I commend them to the more vital than in times of deep social con­ hazardous areas and inferior schools. While attention of my colleagues: filet. It is an asset not to be squandered for such provisions might be subject to abuse, [From the New York Times, Mar. 18, 1972] temporary political gain. they appeared to reflect a consensus of mod­ FALSE BUSING CRISIS erate, responsible Senate opinion. [From the New York Post, Mar. 18, 1972] Mr. Nixon's moratorium is far closer to President Nixon has snatched the anti­ the essence of the rejected Griffin amend­ busing ball off the muddy field of Florida THE POLITICS OF DISCORD ment and plainly raises grave issues of con­ primary politics and is trying to carry it to President Nixon's special message to Con­ stitutionality. For while Griffin urged a per­ a November touchdown, whatever the price gress contains some elaboration and even in national division. In his televised address manent busing ban-rather than a mora­ modification of his televised address on school torium-the principle of legislative usurpa­ Mr. Nixon rejected demands for a Consti­ busing. But it does not alter its basic thrust. tion is the same. tutional amendment to ban· school busing, Mr. Nixon has clearly chosen to extort maxi­ If the President had aligned himself w1 th not because it would trtviallze the Consti­ mum political dividends from the tensions tution, but only because "it takes too long." the Scott-Mansfield position and advanced a surrounding the living controversy and program for genuinely expanded school aid, With a strident appeal for "action now" forfeited another chance to. assert courageous he could have justly portrayed himself as a that lent a President imprimatur to the hys­ moral leadership. In a situation that cried voice of restraint and affirmation. Instead he teria already distorting this issue, Mr. Nixon out for reason and reconciliation, he has let has asked Congress to pass legislation that has chosen a course that invites repudiation down many men, women-and children-who by the Chief Justice he appointed. He has ap­ would "call an immediate halt to all new have been conscientiously striving to find an busing orders by Federal courts." peared to resurrect the doctrine of "separate Far from adding perspective to the argu­ honorable common ground, including his but equal." ment, the President further ~onfuses it by own Senate leader, Hugh Scott (R-Pa.) . Perhaps worst of all, he has helped to pro­ inveighing against the busing of children But before commenting on either his prose mote the delusion that the country can find over long distances to inferior schools "just or his proposals, let us begin by saying it the way to peace and tranquillity by stopping March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9739 new buses for 15 months. He has set the stage Credibility is what I want to talk about sion with which they are viewed by their cus­ for a long, bitter, distracting legislative strug­ today. We have heard a lot about credibilty tomers. gle. That is the most melancholy aspect of gaps in recent years. But I would put it more The press has as big a credibility gap as this dismal interlude. strongly. Our society is suffering from a any institution in this society." credibllity crisis. It affects the political world A well known liberal academic, with ex­ and the business world. It is a grave prob­ tensive experience in high government posi­ lem for our communications media. Our edu­ tions, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, has voiced JUDGMENT·OF TV EXECUTIVES AND CBitional institutions and even our family deep concern about the degree to which ir­ life are touched by the growing lack of trust responsible behavioT on the part of the news NEWSCASTERS QUESTIONED and confidence. media is making it difficult for our govern­ Some efforts have been made to augment ment to perform its assigned tasks effective­ credibility in the business world by enact­ ly. In an_ article published last year, Mr. · HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT ing legislation. You in the banking business Moynihan said: - OF LOUISIANA have been touched by this through the Truth "Hence the conditions are present for a in Lending Act, which has been under my protracted conflict in which the national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wing from its inception. We are now seeing government keeps losing. This might once Tuesday, March 21, 1972' a major governmental effort to get a higher have been a matter of little consequence or degree of truth in advertising. It must come interest. It is, I believe, no longer such, for Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, the judg­ as a great shock to many of the deni~s of it now takes place within the context of ment of television executives and news­ Madison Avenue to be confronted with de­ what Nathan Glazer has described as an casters was brought into question most mands that they both explain what they 'assault on the reputation of America ... ably recently in a speech delivered by mean and provide proof when they claim which has already succeeded in reducing Mr. J. L. Robertson, Vice Chairman of the that brand X is 20 per cent faster or brand Y this country, in the eyes of many American lasts 10 per cent longer. Those percentages intellectuals, to outlaw status .. .' In other Board of Governors of the Federal Re­ always remind me of Chinese economic sta­ words, it is no longer a matter of this or serve System. tistics-they sound fine but you seldom know that administration; it is becoming a matter His remarks deserve wide distribution, what the base is. of national morale, of a 'loss of confidence and for that reason I am inserting them I do not know whether this drive for and nerve', some of whose possible conse­ at this point in the RECORD: truth in advertising will ever get to the point quences ... a.re not pleasant to contem­ plate.'' THE CREDIBILITY CRISIS where a certain newspaper is asked to prove that it really gives its readers "all the news We can see those consequences emerging (By J. L. Robertson) that's fit to print," or whether a certain mag­ already. On the one hand, there is a growth In searching for a subject for my remarks azine will be asked to provide the statistics in the number of cynics who believe noth­ here, it occurred to me that since, in the for­ that will show that it really is "the world's ing; on the other, we see an increase in the mulation of monetary policy, I have been in most quoted news weekly". Probably not. number of "true believers" who are guided the front lines longer than anyone else--more One of the strange facets of the tell-the­ by nothing but their own unshakable con­ than two decades-! should say something truth campaign is that it has the enthusias­ victions. The cynics are bogged down in about the economy, perhaps pinpointing the tic support of most of the mass media, as apBithy and indecision. The true believers mistakes of the past, explaining how we got long as it does not apply to them. The media are fired with fanaticism, not tempered with to where we are, and indicating where we go agree that you bankers should be scrupu­ knowledge. The ability of our people to coop­ from here. But the more I thought about it, lously honest in informing your customers erate to promote the general welfare is vastly the more certain I was that that objective about your interest charges. At the same diminished, as we find it increasingly diffi­ was not a good one. At least with respect to time, some of them contend thBit "freedom cult to reach agreement on what the general where we go from here, the papers are full of of the press" gives anyone who has access to welfare is. prognostications-some by persons whose a printing press or a microphone the right to For example, virtually every country in the only qualification would seem to be an aca­ lie and deceive, even if those lies are part of history of the world, including ours, has al­ demic degree. I think all I need to say to you an effort to incite people to perform illegal ways placed high priority on maintaining its on that subject is that, at long last, the fal­ acts, such as blowing up banks. ability to defend itself against potential lacious and enervating doctrines of "gradual­ Examples of this curious double standard enemies. This priority was well stated by ism" and "benign neglect" have been dis· are not hard to find. One government agency, Adam Smith two hundred years ago when he carded-unfortunately, at the cost of price the Food and Drug Administration, is willing wrote in The Wealth of Nations: "Defense and wage controls-and that we are now to use the full force of the law to stop an is much more important than opulence.'' headed in the right direction. Given time, advertiser from exaggerating the effective­ When Smith wrote those words, no one the psychological attitudes of businessmen ness of its mouthwash in combatting cold enjoyed much opulence in terms of present and consumers will change for the better. germs. But another agency, the Federal Com­ day standards. It is shocking that in a so­ The wisdom and steadfastness with which we munications Commission, was apparently ciety that has more motor cars, television formulate and adhere to sound monetary and unwilling to even so much as slap the wrist sets, air conditioners, etc., etc. per capita fiscal policies, while awaiting those changes of a powerful television network for showing than any country in the world, the cry is in attitude, will determine not only the ex­ its vast audience a baby that (according going up that we cannot afford to spend the tent to which we succeed in reducing both to the network) was dying of starvation, money required to provide ourselves with an infiation and unemployment, but also the when the actual cause of death was prema­ adequate defense against our potential en­ time when we can safely dispense with con­ ture birth and had nothing to do with mal­ emies. We are told that we must reorder our trols. nutrition. priorities and that national defense must be Having given up that objective, I turned to The protective mantle of the First Amend­ shoved far down the list. This is not just another. I thought perhaps the Hunt Com­ ment to the Constitution has been draped the cry of some "lunatic fringe". It is a mission Report would meet my needs. But around such varied activities as peddling scheme that is put forward by serious con­ the more I read that report, the more inap­ pornography, pushing pot, and advocating tenders for high political office. It is sup­ propriate it seemed, because the good and arson, but it has not been extended to pro­ ported by influential newspapers and by bad ideas are so intertwined and knotted to­ vide protection to those who would stretch some of the most influential voices heard on gether that it is almost impossible to un­ the truth in their efforts to sell mouthwash that powerful medium, network television. ravel them. In this political year, I am sure or gasoline. Perhaps it is felt that the men­ I do not question their motives, but I do Congress will not be able to do so. Why dacity of Madison Avenue is a greater threat question their judgment, and I am shocked should I impose on your time to discuss them to our well being than the intellectual drivel by some of the methods that they employ now? Besides, few of you have any doubts of the pushers of drugs, debauchery, and de·­ to influence public opinion. Let me cite a. about my views on any portion of the report. struction. But a consequence of our un­ couple examples of the methodology. And so, again, I changed objectives. precedented tolerance of dissemination of A few months ago one of the best known The other day a play opened in Philadel­ destructive falsehood is the growth of the TV commentators in the country told his ­ phia called "The Selling of the President", in great credibllity crisis that now confronts us. vast audience that two-thirds of the regular: which the candidate is portrayed as having We find the communications media being tax income of this country was spent on the · been born and raised in Broken Bow, Ne­ used to undermine the credibllity of every­ military. He compared this unfavorably with­ braska,' my home town-a town about which one who represents authority, whether it be the old state of Prussia, which he said was bankers have been hearing for as long as I the government official, the business leader, criticized around the world for spending have been making speeches. 'The play is the police, the school teacher, or the mere half of its income on the military. The im­ based on the book, "The Selling of the Presi­ parent. In turn, the credibility of the media plication was that the United States is more· dent 1968", by Joe McGinniss. I read that is called into que.stion, and the public re­ militaristic than Prussia was in its hey-day. book and Broken Bow was never mentioned. gards with increasing skepticism what they The statistics used by this commentator Why was it injected into the play? My guess are told by the press and the broadcasters. An were incorrect. In the last fispal year, our is that the playwright is a banker on the side ace political correspondent of the Washing­ expenditures on national defense amounted who is utilizing what he learned at your con­ ton Post put it this way: to a little over 40 per cent of the revenues ventions to get to Broadway-or, perhaps, "The measure of the fall ure of the news­ of the federal government. This yeax: it is to enhance the credibiUty of his play. papers is the open skepticism and even deri· estimated that defense expenditures will 9740 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 amount to less than 36 per cent of federal There are those of us who think that if blamed for conveying so much bad news to revenue-a far cry from the figure of two­ the taxpayer is to be asked to support a the public. They explain that if the news is thirds used by the television commentator. defense program that costs around $80 bil­ bad, they have a sacred obligation to report After his figures were challenged, the com­ lion a year, the government has a responsi­ it, and we should not conclude that they mentator attempted a lame justification b1lity to tell him why it is necessary and like it any more than we do. On that basis, which made little sense. He and his network what is being done with his money. CBS of course, the media would not shrink from refused to correct the misleading impression rejected that viewpoint so completely that alerting the American public to the bad that was given to the estimated fifteen mil­ it made no mention of it whatsoever in its news that General Walt is bringing out in his lion people who heard the original broad­ documentary. The basic issue at the heart forthcoming book. cast. They refused to even acknowledge the of this program was never debated. CBS as­ My guess is that General Walt's warning fact that a far more valid measure of the sumed that expenditures to inform the pub­ will be largely ignored for the same reason relative defense burden carried by different lic about the need for national defense were that similar warnings voiced by other dis­ countries is the ratio of defense expenditures unnecessary and then went on to show that tinguished Americans have been ignored in to GNP. They have not informed their audi­ they were being made, implying tha;t it was recent years. The explanation lies in these ence that in the last fiscal year the total showing the public examples of illegitimate words penned by David Broder of the Wash­ defense expenditures of the United States and wasteful activities. It seems safe to infer ington Post: amounted to just a little over 7 per cent of that what the produce·rs wanted to accom­ "Selectivity is the essence of all contem­ our GNP, the lowest this ratio has been for plish was not the trimming of a few million porary journalism. And selectivity implies many years. dollars from the Defense Department budget criteria. Criteria depend on value judgments, The commentator in question makes no to save the taxpayers money. They were which is a fancy word for opinions, precon­ bones about the fact that in his judgment clearly after bigger game. If the government ceptions and prejudices." could be denied the right to finance an in­ the United States spends far too mur :1 on It would be naive to suppose that the defense. He is one of those who wants to see formation program to maintain public sup­ criteria for news selection employed by a our priorities drastically reordered. He ap­ port for national defense, then those such TV commentator or a newspaper editor who pears to overlook the fact that it will not be as the commentator I discussed earlier would believes that we are already spending far Americans who reorder our priorities if we find it much easier to win public support too much on defense would lead him to give so weaken our defenses that we are unable for really huge cuts in our national defense. prominent attention to the warning of Gen­ to protect ourselves from an attack. How­ The documentary clearly implied that we no eral Walt. ever, he is entitled to his judgment. What longer needed to be as concerned with na­ That is why those of us who by chance are he is not entitled to do, in my opinion, is tional defense as we onc·e were, since we aware of such things must avail ourselves of to use his privileged position as a national had been living in an era of peaceful co­ opportunities to discuss them and to in­ television commentator to persuade others existence for over a decade. That decade, I form others. We must not permit our country of the correctness of his judgment by feed­ might note, included such events as the to be immobilized and rendered defenseless ing them false information. building of the Berlin Wall, the Cuban mis­ by media manipulation. The president of CBS News would appear sile crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Soviet Because of the credibility crisis, the aver­ to agree, because a few years ago he made invasion of Czechoslovakia. age citizen is hard-pressed to know who and I call these matters to your attention to­ this statement: what is to be believed. I am prepared to day, rather than discussing with you bank­ admit that I am no expert on military "Anybody in news who is unfair, biased ing matters or the state of our economy, or inaccurate--deliberately or negligently­ matters. Perhaps experts such as General because I, too, have become impressed with Walt who voice these disturbing warnings despoils his journalistic heritage and de­ the importance of assigning proper priorities means his profession." are wrong. But if we follow their advice and to our national goals. I had the privilege keep our defenses stronger than might really That is a fine statement. Unfortunately, recently of reading the manuscript of a forth­ however, it would appear that it is not in­ be necessary, what h ave we lost? Nothing coming book by General Lewis W. Walt, who more than a slight retardation in the expan­ variably heeded even in his own organiza­ retired last year from his post as Deputy tion. You may recall that a year ago CBS sion of what is the highest level of living Commandant of the Marine Corps. General the world has ever known. If, on the other broadcast a documentary called "The Selllng Walt is not only a great soldier, but he is of the Pentagon", which aroused great con­ hand, we follow the advice of those who say a most articulate and perceptive observer that a strong defense is not necessary and it troversy. This CBS production has probably of the current scene. been charged with more inaccuracy and bias develops that they are wrong, what will we His book bears an ominous title: "America lose? Our lives, our freedom, our country. than any comparable television production Faces Defeat." It begins with words that to date. I will cite only one example, not I have no difficulty in choosing the side on everyone concerned with reordering priorities which I would rather err. the most important, but one which is in­ ought to think about. He says: disputable because it involves the use of I make no apology for appearing before "Most living Americans have grown up in you today to talk about matters that are not false statistics. the most powerful nation on earth. Under In introducing the theme of huge Defense related to banking. We are Americans first the cover of that strength we have enjoyed and bankers second. When our country is in Department expenditures on public affairs, an affi.uence hardly equalled in the history of CBS noted that about $30 million a year was danger, we ask our sons to interrupt their any nation. This era ended in 1971. Today, studies and careers, to shoulder arms and budgeted for such expenditures. However, it we are a second-class power and we will have pointed out that an "unpublished" study give their lives if necessary to defend us. It by the prestigious Twentieth Century Fund to accept that role for at least four years. behooves all of us who have passed that age had estimated that such expenditures might Perhaps longer, possibly, forever." and who have risen to positions of lellider­ be as high as $190 million. CBS displayed He goes on to say: ship in our communities and our profession a graph showing that this was m01re than "The individual citizen has not yet felt to take whatever steps we can to insure that all three television networks combined spent the impact of this basic change from our country remains strong, that we not slip on their news programs. However, investi­ strength to weakness, from leadership to into war or-worse-into surrender from gation by the critics revealed that at the compromise. Each of us will feel it as the weakness. time the CBS program was aired, the study world market for our goods and services The likelihood that the national news by the Twentieth Century Fund had been shrinks; as we find ourselves increasingly media will continue to ignore the warnings published and that it. contained no such alone within the community of nations; as of experts in this field may create the im­ figure. we are forced to abandon the noble projects pression that what I have said to you today On the contrary, it said that no accurate we have devised for the health, education is a minority view of doubtful validity. In estimate of total Defense Depa.rtment spend­ and welfare of every living American. my view, that would be a false impression, ing on public affairs could be made. Al­ "Instead, we shall have to learn once again flowing from what Theodore H. White has though one of the papers prepared for the the harsh lessons of weakness, of being described as the increasing concentration in st,ldy had included the $190 million esti­ trampled upon, and how it is to tighten our fewer hands of the cultural pattern or the mate, the Twentieth Century Fund had not belts in privation and gird ourselves for United States. Mr. White has said: "You can wished to lend 1ts prestige to a figure that nearly hopeless confl.lcts. We face, today, take a compass with a one-mile radius and 1.t did not consider to be reliable. The either defeat or years of national tragedy." put it down at the corner of 5th Avenue and Twentieth Century Fund dropped i·t, but CBS Those are strong words-too strong, I am 51st Street in Manhattan and you have con­ did not. Whether this inaccuracy was delib­ sure, for those TV commentators who juggle trol of 95 per cent Of the entire opinion­ erate or negligent I cannot say, but to bOr­ figures to persuade the public that America and-infiuenc.a making in the United States." row the words of the CBS official I just is already spending far more than necessary That explains, perhaps, why we get the quoted, those responsible for it demean on national defense. I will be surprised if monotonous sameness of opinion from our their profession. Wha.t is sadder still is that General Walt is invited to discuss his book national news media, much of it very much CBS has admitted the fa.cts but has not and its dire warning on the popular TV talk at odds with the deeply held views of what to this day apologized for the inaccuracy shows. I will be surprised if our leading I believe to be the great majority of Ameri­ or corrected the misinformation which i:t newspapers and magazines give it any serious can people. There is no acceptance of the disseminated. attention, but not because it would be dis­ idea that those encompassed by Mr. White's However, the most important criticism of quieting to the American people to hear such circle ought to reflect the views of the peo­ this particular TV production cente.rs on the warnings. The media spokesmen are con­ ple. One of the most prominent TV commen­ basic veracity of the documentary. stantly telllng us that they should not be · tators reacted to such a notion by saying: March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9741 "More responsive to the public! What are FOXES AND CHICKEN COOPS­ firm He has served on the boards of Chem­ they talking about? .... I'm not about to PHASE 2% ical Bank Corp., General Foods and Con~ adjust the work I do according to the waves solldated Edison. of popular feeling that may come over the Robert F. Lanzillotti, has had a career as country. No responsible person can do that." a professor of economics at several universi­ That surely means that the voices of the HON. JAMES G. O'HARA ' ties but he also has been a consultant to the people must more frequently be heard in OF MICHIGAN Michigan Bankers• Association, U.S. Steel contradiction of the waves of feeling that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Corp., and the Swift Co. emanate from that tiny group of men in Man­ William T. Coleman is a partner in a noted hattim that make up, according to Mr. White, Tuesday, March 21, 1972 Philadelphia law firm with a long list of cor­ 95 per cent of the opinion-and-influence poration clients. making in the United States. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, in earlier installments of this series on the Nixon The Price Commission has seven mem­ Let no man be deterred. It has been said bers but the seventh post is vacant. It was that it is easier to find a score of men wise administration's penchant for asking the held by Mrs. Marina V. N. Whitman who enough to discover the truth than to find foxes to protect the chickens, I have con­ resigned to join the President's Council of one man intrepid enough, in the face of centrated on the Labor Department's Economic Advisers. Ironically, she was the opposition, to stand up for it. Perhaps that ingenious interpretation of its clear leg­ only one of Nixon's seven original appoint­ one takes his counsel from Daniel De Foe. ments without apparent ties to business. who said: "He that has truth on his side is a islative mandate to promote and protect fool, .as well as a coward, if he is afraid to own the interests of wage earners. But this Biographical data furnished by the Com­ it because of other men's opinions. inventiveness is not, in the Nixon era, mission on its members shows none of the limited to the Labor Department. business background of members except to touch upon it slightly in the sketches on It is worthwhile, for example, to take Grayson, Queenan and Newman. a look at the personnel of the Price Com­ A look a,t the biographies of the top staff YOUNG REPUBLICANS ENDORSE mission and the Pay Board to understand people in the Commission indicates that STRONG SPACE PROGRAM why it seems that working people are nearly all of them come from government making most of the sacrifices in the Pres­ careers. There are some with legal back­ ident's endless ''war on inflation," while grounds but any corporate experience they HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE big business cheers from the sidelines and may have had is not identified. OF TEXAS continues to enjoy whatever it is big However, conspicuously missing from any IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES key or even influential staff posts are people business expects to enjoy during Repub­ from union positions or consumer organiza­ Monday, March 20, 1972 lican administrations. tions. The sole representative of labor in any Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Duane Emme has written a re­ notable position is John Tomayko, Steel­ the Young Republican National Com­ cent article on where the wage freezers workers' director of pensions and insurance, and price fixers in this administration a member of the health services advisory mittee on March 10, 1972, endorsed the committee to the Commission. space shuttle program. Because of the come from. Like my earlier insertion on the backgrounds of Labor Department Labor's complaint on the tripartite mem­ importance of this commitment of these bers of the Pay Board, 15 in all, has been young people to a major national effort officials, this brief biographical sum­ that at least three of the five so-called "pub­ I am inserting in the RECORD the press mary is most illuminating. lic" members are not truly representative release from the Young Republican Na­ The summary follows: of the public; William Caples is a former In­ tional Federation and a copy of their PEOPLE WITH CORPORATION TIES HOLD KEY land Steel vice-president and Arnold Weber resolution endorsing the_most important POSITIONS IN PHASE II and Neil Jacoby come from government pos.ts space activity of this decade-the de­ (By Duane Emme) in which they helped formulate Nixon eco­ WASHINGTON (PAI) .-Labor has charged nomic policies. velopment of a low cost transportation In turning to the biographies of the system to space--the space shuttle: that President Nixon's Phase II program is shaped to favor corporations over workers Board's top staffers, four acknowledge a YOUNG REPUBLICANS ENDORSE STRONG SPACE and consumers-and revelations about the background with links to corporations: PROGRAM people running it continue to show a tilt Executive Director Robert P. Tiernan is a WASHINGTON.-The Young Republican Na­ in that direction. former tax attorney and labor counsel for tional Committee, at its meeting March 10, Leo Perlis, director of AFL-ciO Commu­ Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp.; John 1972, endorsed the space shuttle program. nity Services, told a luncheon meeting of the W. Ross, special assistant to Chairman The resolution urges "Congress to supply AFL-cio Maritime Trades Department that George Boldt, comes from a labor re.lations adequate funding for the Space Shuttle Pro­ all of the present Price Commission mem­ post on the management side of the Wall gram to guarantee the growth of the United bers have strong ties to corporate manage­ Street Journal; R. T. McNa.mar, director of States in future space ventures and to in­ ments. economic policy and case analysis, is a for­ sure continual lead in space exploration and Meanwhile, an examination of the Pay mer tax attorney for Standard Oil of Oali­ scientific development." fornia; and Jack E. McGregor, general coun­ Board shows that four of its ten top staff sel, was president of a professional hockey "Because the United States is number one people are from business. Three are from in space," the resolution says "the space pro­ government, one from education, one is a team and Pittsburgh's "Business Man of the gram has been responsible for economic lawyer and one is a former Air Force officer. Year" in 1966. growth and employment of many communi­ There are no key people on the staff with A search through the Boa,rd's staff turned ties throughout the United States, and has union backgrounds. up ony two people from !abor careers, neither greatly aided in the progress of medical and in key posts: Frank Burhardt of the Painters Here is a rundown on some of the corpo­ serves in the economic policy division, and scientific technology, thereby advancing ration connections of Price Commission world progress. Charles McDonald of the Communications members: Workers, is an attorney advisor in the legal Chairman C. Jackson Grayson, currently section. RESOLUTION on leave as Dean of the School of Business Whereas, the United States is number one Administration at Southern Methodist, has in the space program; and, had an academic career that has been lib­ Whereas, the space program has been re­ erally mixed with work for corporate man­ CLEAN WATERS sponsible for the economic growth and em­ agements. He has helped train executives ployment of many communities throughout for Motorola, IBM and Sun Oil Co. He has the United States; and, been a consultant to Sun, Humble and Mara­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER Whereas, the space program has greatly thon Oil Companies and Standard Oil of aided in the progress of medical and scien­ Ohio. OF MINNESOTA tific technology, thereby advancing world William Scranton, former governor of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES progress, Pennsylvania, was board chairman of Scran­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 Therefore be it . resolved that the YRNF ton-Lackawanna Co. and has served on the does hereby endorse and support the space · board of International Textbook Co., Scott Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, next Mon­ program and urge the Congress of the United Paper Co. and Fidelity Bank & Trust. day and Tuesday the. House will take up States to supply adequate funding for the John W. Queenan was the managing part­ the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Space Shuttle Program, to guarantee the ner of Haskins & Sells, an accounting firm growth of the United States in future space with a number of business firm clients. Amendments of 1972. The following edi­ ventures, and to insure our continual lead J. Wilson Newman is former board chair­ torial in the March 20 edition of the New in space exploration and scientific develop­ man and chief executive officer of Dun & York Time.s states succinctly the need to ment. Bradstreet, the noted financial directory ,strengthen this bill: 9742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972

AND CLEAN WATERS Entry in the All-America Cities com­ and Bloomfield (and Hartford as well) in The water-pollution control bill, which petition was made in behalf of North earning that nod. · Senator Muskie sponsored a.nd his colleagues Branford by the North Branford League NATIONAL HONOR FOR NORTH BRANFORD long ago approved by a vote of 86 to 0, l..s even of Women Voters, and Mrs. Maurice more far-reaching and hence in worse trou­ Raymond, chairman of the Charter Re­ We congratulate the Town of North Bran­ ble. Between heavy fire from industry and ford upon its selection as an All American moderate fire from the Administration the vision Commission, presented the town's City--one of only nine municipalities in the Senate blll may be shot down, or eXisting con­ case at the National Municipal League nation to be chosen for the high honor. The trols may be seriously wea.kened in the name Conference on Government in Atlanta. citizens of neighbor cities and towns can of improvement. More information and evidence of profit by the example and inspiration of the Of the cha.nges made by the House Public North Branford's achievement is con­ healthy civic interest that won the coveted Works Committee, one of the sharpest set­ tained in the following article and edi­ award for the relatively small community of backs is the drastic modification of the Sen­ torials which I would like to submit for 10,654. ate's objective to decrease effluents into the This marks the first time since the mid- nation's waters for the next thirteen years, RECORD: 1950s that an All-America Cities flag has by which time (at least this is the goal) they [From the Hartford Courant, Mar. 1, 1972] flown in this region. The only other com­ would be eliminated altogether. The House A STATE TOWN HONORED munity in the area to win it was New Haven committee, while theoretically retaining the For so small a state, Connecticut has won itself, honored as it underwent the pangs of goal, would subject the plan to a study by over the years a large share of national pioneering iri redevelopment. The accom­ the National Academy of Sciences, to be fol­ awards for community progress. And now plishments that br.ought the honor to New lowed by a second vote in Congress-by which another has been added. As announced the Haven are visible today-despite ~ difficulties time a lot of foul water will have flowed un­ other day, North Branford has been named experienced by the city in common with der the bridge. Not content to weaken the one of the nine All-America Cities for 1971 other urban centers. It is most likely that in Senate bill, the committee would also reduce by the National Municipal League. Thus are the years to come,, North Branford will profit the effectiveness of the EPA by shifting pri­ hearty congratulations in order for the New by its extraordinary achievement. mary responsibility for the issuing of effluent Haven suburb of little more than 10,000 per­ Politics being "what it is, there may be some permits to the states, a grave backward step. sons. residents of North Branford who resent the Representatives Reuss of Wisconsin and As many will recall, two other Connecticut honor, which grew out of controversy. It was Dingell of Michigen are striving to reverse communities won the s&.me All-America bestowed for the display of civic interest that these stultifying changes with a "clean-water Cities distinction last year. And the awards was channeled to action, with resultant package" of amendments. Unless the efforts to Enfield and Bloomfield were equally de­ change in the town's form of government. of these two outstanding conservationists served. If one still tends to think of these Whether one feels the change is for the bet­ succeed, there may be no clean water legis­ three communities as small towns, that ter or worse, it seems plain enough that lation in this Congress at all-a disastrous makes their achievements an the more re­ apathy was not countenanced by the citizens setback to a cause that cannot afford any markable in competing with far larger mu­ of North Branford. There should be satisfac­ delay. nicipalities across the country. And there is tion on the part of all over the fact that so considerable variety in the reasons for the me.ny citizens of the town took part in the awards to Connecticut in the past two years. decision to establish a councll-manager form ALL-AMERICAN CITY North Branford, for instance, has been of government. cited for "the efforts of its citizens to reform No less than 250 to 400 residents instigated an obsolete local governmental structure." the campaign that eventually involved so HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO Local governm~nt is always a highly subjec­ many townspeople. An unprecedented turn­ tive matter, of course. And whether the out of 67 per cent of the voters approved the OF CONNECTICUT council-manager system, now in effect in change by a close vote of 1,713 to 1,547. Such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES North Branford, is better than the tradi­ a turnout is highly commendable when the Tuesday, March 21, 1Y72 tional selectmen-town :

COMPARISON OF GRIFFIN AND SCOTT-MANSFIELD AMENDMENTS

GBD'J'Df SCOTT-MANSFIELD Section 901-No court of the United States shall have jurisdic­ No comparable section. tion to make any decision, enter any judgment or issue any order the effect of which would be to require tha.t pupils be transported. to or from school on the basis of their race, color, reUgion, or na­ tional origin. No comparable section. Section (a)-~o funds appropriated for the purpose of carry­ ing out any program subject to the provisions of the General Edu­ cation Provisions Act, including this Act, may be used for the tr.ansportation of students or teachers (or for the purchase of equipment for such transportation) 1n .->rder to overcome racial imbalance in any school or school system, or for the transporta­ tion of students or teachers (or for the purchase of equipment for such transportation) in order to carry out a plan of racial de­ segrega.tlon of any school or school system, except on the express written request of appropriate local school oftl.cials: Provided, however, that no court, and no omcer, agent, or employee of the Unf.ted States shall order the making of such a request: And pro• vided further, that no funds shall be made available for tra.nsporta• tlon when the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk th« health of the children or significantly impinge on the educational Pl'ocesB. 9744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 COMPARISON OF GRIFFIN AND SCOTT-MANSFIELD AMENDMENTs-continued

GRIFFIN-continUed SCOTT-MANSFIELD-Continued Section 902-No depa.rtment, agency, officer, or employee of the Section (b)-No officer, agent, 01' employee of the Department United States, empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to of Health, Education, and Welfare (including the Office of Educa­ any program or activity at any school by way of grant, loan, or tion), the Department of Justice, or any other Federal agency shall, otherwise, shall withhold or threaten to withhold any such Federal by rule, regulation, order, guideltne, or othe.rwise, (1) urge, persuade, financial assistance in order to coerce or induce the implementa­ induce, or require any local education agency, or any private non­ tion or continuation of any plan or program the effect of which profit agency, institution, or organization to use any funds derived would be to require that pupils be transported to or from school from any State or local sources for any purpose, unless constitu­ on the basts of their race, color, reltgion, or national origin. tionally required, for which Federal funds appropriated to carry out any applicable program may not be used, as provided in this section, or (2) condition the receipt of Federal funds under any Federal program upon any action by any Federal program upon any action by any State or local publtc officer or employee which would be prohibited by clause (1) on the part of a Federal officer or employee. No officer, agent, or employee of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (including the Office of Education) or any other Federal agency shall urge, persuade, induce, or require any local education agency to undertake transportation of any student where the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk the health of the child or significantly impinge on his or her educational process; or where the educational opportuni·ties available at the school to which it is proposed that such student be trans­ ported will be substantially less than those offered at the school to which such student would otherwise be assigned under a non­ discriminatory system of school assignments based on geographic zones established without discrimination on account of race, reli­ gion, color, or national origin. Section 90S-Notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, Section (c)-Notwithstanding any other law or provision of law, in the case of any order on the part of any United States dis­ in the case of any order on rthe part of any United States district trict court which requires the transfer or transportation of any court which requires the transfer or transportation of any student student or students from any school attendance area prescribed by or students from one local educational agency to another, or which competent State or local authority for the purposes of achieving requires the consolidation of two or more local educational agencies a balance among students with respect to race, color, religion, or for the purpose of achieving &. balance among students with respec.t national origin, the effectiveness of such order shall be postponed to race, sex, religion, or socioecono:nic status, the effectiveness of until all appeals in connection with such order have been exhaust­ such order shall be postponed until all appeals in connection with ed or, in the event no appeals Me taken, until the time for such such order have been exhausted or, in the event no appeals are appeals bas expired. taken, until the time for such appeals has expired. This section shall take effect upon the

SUMMARY OF KEY PROVISIONS OF GRIFFIN AND Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, as the problem and for that reason I found this SCOTT-MANSFIELD AMENDMENTS summary shows, the amendments con­ particular legislation more preferable. GRIFFIN tain many similar provisions. Also to be considered is the fact that Federal courts would bP. forbidden by Con­ The Scott-Mansfield amendment, both these amendments would be subject gress to issue school desegregation orders that would have the effect of requiring bus­ which was approved by the Senate, an­ to challenge in the courts and it was gen­ ing. swered most of the criticisms that have erally felt that SCOTT-MANSFIELD had a Federal officials would be forbidden to been raised by opponents of busing. By better chance of being upheld though ad­ withhold or threaten to withhold federal prohibiting the use of Federal funds for mittedly even this is questionable. funds in order to coerce or induce school busing unless requested in writing by The battle is far from over on the bus­ districts to begin or continue any desegrega­ local school officials, the responsibility ing issue. There will be other votes, in tion program that would have the effect of and authority was placed on local boards both the House and the Senate. There requiring busing. of education which are in the best posi­ will be much speechmaking, letterwrit­ Federal district court orders that require tion to make decisions. It prevents courts ing, and arguments pro and con. busing or consolidation of school districts to achieve racial balance would be stayed from ordering school districts to request Nobody I know of likes or wants busing until all appeals have been exhausted. Federal funds and guards against Fed­ to achieve school integration, although SCOTT-MANSFIELD eral agencies pressuring schools into us­ busing has been practiced for years with­ ing State or local funds for busing. out being regarded as evil. As members Federal funds could not be used for bus­ ing to overcome racial Imbalance, unless Under this amendment, no Federal of a farm family, my wife and I and our requested in writing by local school officials. funds may be used to transport students three girls all have had to ride the bus No court or federal o1ficiaJ. could order a when the time or distance of travel may to public school. school district to request federal funds for be harmful to their health or education. However, I fully recognize the intense that purpose. Also, Federal officials are barred from public concern that has been generated No federal funds could be used for busing making a school district bus students to in Oklahoma as well as other parts of when the time or distance or travel is so a school where educational opportuni­ the country as a result of Federal court great as to risk the health of the children rulings on the question. I can well un­ or significantly impinge on the educational ties are substantially less than those at process. their neighborhood school. derstand the frustration and anger that Federal officials would be barred from The basic difference between these two citizens may feel under the pressure of urging, persuading, inducing or requiring amendments, as I saw it, was that the Federal authority. local school districts to spend state or local Griffin amendment would completely re­ In this statement, I have attempted to funds for busing unless constitutionally move busing as a tool to achieve school set forth my feelings on the subject to required. integration, While SCOTT-MANSFIELD this point. On a final note, and perhaps as F~deral officials would be barred from pres­ would place heavy restraints on busing a guide to future consideration of this suring a local school district to bus students difficult problem, I ask unanimous con­ to a school where educational opportunities but not do away with it entirely. sent to insert a portion of the 1971 report are substantially less than those at a neigh­ Until a better solution is found, it is of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. borhood school. my feeling that Congress should not for­ There being no objection, the exce·rpts Federal district court orders that require bid the use of busing everywhere and un­ busing from one school district to another were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, or consolidation of school districts to achieve der every circumstance. Therefore, I as follows: racial balance would be stayed until all ap­ could not support the Griffin amendment. BUSING AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOL peals have been exhausted, or until June 30, The Scott-Mansfield amendment offers Two emotionally charged issues have in­ 1973. a reasonable, workable approach to the truded into the public debaite over school March 22, 197.2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9745 desegregation and have tended to cloud un­ the Government do it," which we have or State abatement order, or against derstanding rather than clari+'y discussion. heard in response to so many other prob­ These are "busing" and the "neighborhood the EPA Administrator for failure to school." Those who have used them as argu­ lems in the past. Government, we may perform a nondiscretionary act. 13usi­ ments against desegregation iguore certain recall, was meant to solve the farm prob­ nessmen, on the other hand, are unfair­ plain facts. One is that every .:lay of every lem, the problem of slum housing, the ly denied the right to challenge the Ad­ school year 18 million puplls--40 per cent problem of inflation. Government, ministrator's actions in civil or criminal of the Nation's public school children-are through the Office of Economic Oppor­ enforcement proceedings. bused to and from school, and the buses log tunity, was going to assist those who It is unusual that a Congress which is in the aggregate more than two billion miles were underprivileged in gaining the edu­ each year. Another is that the trend of concerned with unemployment and the modern-day educational thought is away cation and training they needed. In all fact that American industry is becoming from the neighborhood school-a self-con­ of these cases, Government involvement less and less competitive in the world tained unit serving a relatively small stu­ has compounded rather than solved the market would place such new restrictions dent population-in favor of larger school problem. and limitations, as well as expenses, upon units where economies of scale frequently Now the Congress is discussing the business. Economist Paul McCracken make possible a broader curriculum, provi­ problem of water pollution. This problem warned that the impact of this water sion of new educational equipment, and spe­ exists, as does the farm problem, the cial services not financially possible in legislation could "turn out to be propor­ schools which serve small numbers of problem of slums and all of the other tionately heavy on industries and prod­ students. problems which crusading reformers ucts that are important to our foreign hope to solve by turning them over to trade'' and could lead to enlarged struc­ This happened in Oklahoma in the Government bureaucrats. tural unemployment, the most difficult late 1940's and early 1950's when over The Senate has passed a bill and the to control because it is caused by disap­ 3,000 rural neighborhood schools were House is considering a bill which will, its pearing markets. closed and the students were "bused" sponsors tell us, produce clean lakes and Congress should carefully consider the to schools in town. rivers all across America. The bill pro­ implications of this legislation. All of us To discuss desegregation in terms of vides a clear-cut timetable: By June 30, "busing" and "neighborhood schools" is to seek cleaner air, cleaner lakes and clean­ remove the issue from the legal and educa­ 1974, municipal sewage pollution facili­ er rivers. The question involved is not our tional context to which it belongs and trans­ ties will provide the equivalent of second­ goal, but whether particular legislative fer it to the arena of emotion and politics. ary treatment. By July 1, 1974, construc­ remedies bring us closer to such goals, or Neither busing nor the organizational struc­ tion grants for treatment facilities will be make their achievement less possible and ture of school systems is an end unto itself. made on a regional, or areawide basis, less realistic, as well as more costly. I Rather, each is a means to the end of deseg­ rather than on a city or town basis as in wish to share Mr. Caddy's article, "Ef­ regated, quality education. As this Commis­ the past. By January 1, 1976, industrial fluent Society? Pending Water Pollution sion pointed out last April: sources of pollution will be required to Controls Would Cost Industry Dear," ... the emphasis that some put on the have the best practicable control tech­ issue of busing is misplaced. As most Amer­ with my colleagues, and insert it into the icans would agree, it is the kind of education nology. By January 1, 1981, industry will RECORD at this time. that awaits our children at the end of the cease water pollution discharges. By (From Barrons, Jan. 31, 1972] bus ride that is really important. 1985, the discharge of all pollutants from EFFLUENT SOCIETY? PENDING WATER POLLU­ Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, it is all sources into navigable water will be TION CONTROLS WOULD COST INDUSTRY DEAR my firm conviction that this is something eliminated. (By Douglas Caddy) everyone can agree on-the President, In an important article in Barron's of Now that Congress has reconvened for its Congress, the courts, educators, parents January 31, 1972, Washington attorney second session, it will pick up where it left and children, black or white. I am hope­ Douglas Caddy notes that: off in processing major legislation. At the top ful that the people of this country, with The Administration and industry repre­ of the list is the Federal Water Pollution the vast public and private resources we sentatives argue that the setting of these Control Act Amendments of 1972, an impres­ goals and deadlines is unrealistic and could sive title for an array of concepts and pro­ have at our disposal, can unite in a com­ lead to a new undermining of the confidence posals which may drastically affect the bal­ mon goal to achieve the objective of the of the citizens in their g·overnment when ance sheets of American corporations for at best possible education for every child expectations are not fulfilled. least the next decade. in this Nation. In the opinion of most Congressional Environmental Protection Agency Ad­ leaders, the new water bill could be the most ministrator William Ruckelshaus told a important legislation enacted by the 92nd National Press Club luncheon that the Congress. One thing is certain: if the pro­ THE HIGH COST OF WATER provision for the elimination of all dis­ posed 1972 amendments to the Federal Water POLLUTION CONTROLS charges into waterways by 1985 is not Pollution Control Act of 1965 are adopted technically feasible. without substantive modification on the floor of the House, their potential impact upon the The demands made upon American in­ economy and upon industry, agriculture, HON. PHILIP M. CRANE dustry may not be only unreasonable, labor and government will be profound. The OF ILLINOIS but also not possible. In his article, Mr. bi-partisan leaders of the House Public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Caddy points out that: Works Committee, in anillOuncing that the Industry is ... disturbed over the logis­ Committee had ordered its bill HR 11896 Tuesday, March 21, 1972 tical problem of meeting the Phase I Jan­ reported on the day before the first session Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, it has be­ uary 1, 1976, deadline, since EPA regulations of Congress ended, described it as "the most come commonplace for those concerned defining the treatment facilities will not be significant water improvement legislation available until 1973. The design and installa­ ever reported to Oongress," meaning the 1972 with problems in American society to tion of sophisticated treating facilities for offspring amendments certainly outshine refer to such problems as crises and large or complex manufacturing plants in­ their parent act passed seven years ago. to propose crash programs designed to volve a lead time of several years. SENATE VOTE stem the onrushing tide of disaster. In most instances the solutions pro­ Beyond this, Mr. Caddy writes, is the The Senate passed its own bill S. 2770 on fact that: November 3. The vote of 86-0 clearly re­ posed by critics are neither as new nor flected the absence of controversy and debate, as innovative as they suppose them to be. Phase II will see a separate and more strin­ although Senators James Buckley (R.-C., Critics of medical care, for example, call gent standard for treating facilities. Thus, N.Y.) and LLoyd Bentsen (D., Texas), who for national health insurance and Gov­ after massive investment in Phase I facili­ serve on the Senate Public Works Committee, ernment-controlled medicine. Critics of ties, industry may quickly find that they do voiced concrete reservations about some of the welfare system call for a guaranteed not satisfy the act's requirements. the bill's provisions. The Senate Public Works Another aspect of this legislation Committee in the past two years devoted 33 annual income system conducted from days tlo public hearings on the water legisla­ Washington. Those concerned with un­ which is of growing concern is the fact tion, heard 171 Witnesses, received 470 state­ employment simply advocate that Gov­ that under this bill any citizen would ments for the record, compiled 6,400 pages of ernment hire all of those without jobs. have the right to initiate a civil suit testimony and held 45 executive sessions. In The alleged solutions and responses against any party who is alleged to vio­ the end, even the two slightly critical Sen­ are simply the same old answer of "let late an eftluent limitation or a Federal ators, joining in praise for Senator Edmund CXVIII--615-Part 8 9746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972

Muskie (D., Maine) for skillfully guiding the INTERIM GOAL the land, EPA favors the new legislation bill toward successful passage, voted "yea" There is one general interim goal: to make building upon the existing foundation of and sent the measure to the House. lakes and streams clean enough by 1981 for water quality standards and employing ef­ Rep. John Blatnik (D., Minn.), Chairman swimming and for the propagation of fish, fluent limitation only as a tool to achieve of the House Public Works Committee, al­ shellfish and wildlife. such standards. most immediately indicated he strongly op­ The Administration and industry repre­ BEST PRACTICABLE posed reopening the public hearings on the sentatives argue that the setting of these The legislation's third major concept is to legislation which his committee, like its goals and deadlines is unrealistic and could achieve the "no discharge" goal and effluent counterpart in the Senate, had been con­ lead to a new undermining of the confidence limitation standards through two phases. ducting for months. The Adminstration, sup­ of the citizens in their government when ex­ Phase I would require industry to apply the ported by industry and state governments pectations are not fulfilled. Environmental "best practicable control technology cur­ which felt the Senate bill weakened their Protection Agency Administrator William rently available" by January 1, 1976. Phase pollution control powers, pressed for new Ruckelshaus told a National Press Club II would require industry to apply the "best hearings. Within a week after having voiced luncheon on the same day that the House available control technology" by January 1, opposition to the hearings, Rep. Blatnik suc­ Committee ordered its bill reported that the 1981, if it is unable to eliminate completely cumbed and scheduled final hearings for provision for the elimination of all dis­ the discharge of pollutants. A part of this December 7-10. charges into waterways by 1985 is not tech­ concept is that all new point sources or dis­ The four days of hearings saw a parade of nically feasible. charge for 28 industrial groups (such as prominent witnesses-from the Republican Earlier, in committee testimony, the chair­ textile, steel, paper, chemical, etc.) will be governor of New York, Nelson Rockefeller, to man of the Council on Environmental Qual­ the then Chairman of the Council of Eco­ required to use the "best available tech­ ity, Russell Train, also criticized the goal. nology" and, if practicable, to meet a stand­ nomic Advisers, Paul McCracken-criticize After noting that "since wastes will not sim­ ard of performance which permits no dis­ the Senate and House bills as embracing the ply disappear and must be disposed or re­ wrong goals and establishing dangerous regu­ charge of pollution. cycled in SOine way," Train observed, "a no­ Industry representatives express concern latory powers. Nevertheless, on December 16 discharge requirement presupposes that it is the House Committee voted to order its own uniformly preferable to dispose of all water­ over this concept because the legislation bill, stronger in some aspects than the Senate borne waste on the soil or in the air rather fails to define adequately what constitutes version, sent to the House floor where it will best "practicable" control technology, open­ than in the water, except where some type ing the possibility that the EPA or private be voted upon, perhaps as early as February. of re-use is possible. It is true that the land Rep. Robert Jones (D., Ala.), who is Acting should be considered and quite possibly used parties in citizen's suits allowed under the Chairman while Rep. Blatnik recovers from to a much greater extent as an alternative act, might take the position that any con­ a slight heart seizure, and Rep. William to water for waste disposal, particularly for trol technology which is "possible" or "ca­ Harsha (R., Ohio), ranking minority mem­ pable of being used" (the dictionary defini­ wastes that are composed of usable nutri­ tion of practicable) is required. Since the be~. declared the House bill goes "with the ents. However, I am aware of no evidence that overwhelming bi-partisan support of the land can be regarded as the best or even a two bills establish a precise standard of Committee's members." "secondary treatment" for publicly owned viable solution for all or most waste disposal plants, they argue that precise standards COMPLEX PROVISIONS requirements. There are practical limits on should be applied to industry. One reason why little or no opposition is land availability; there is potential for con­ tamination of soil and ground waters be Industry is also disturbed over the logis­ voiced against the legislation in Congress is tical problem of meeting the Phase I Janu­ that few members of Congress admit they heavy metals and other materials. "These and other questions need, and are ary 1, 1976, deadline, since EPA regulations understand the amendments' complex pro­ defining the treatment facilities will not be visions and concepts. Indeed, it is worth not­ receiving, further research and investiga­ tion. Moreover, surface water has a capacity available until 1973. The design and instal­ ing that the Senate Public Works Commit­ lation of sophisticated treating facllities for tee on October 28 voted to report its bill to absorb a certain amount of wastes with­ out harm. Although we certainly should not large or complex manufacturing plants in­ but the actual text and committee report volve a lead time of several years. Moreover, were not available until November 1, the abuse or strain this capacity, neither should we ignore it, especially not without weigh­ thousands of plant owners will be competing day before the Senate was scheduled to vote. at the same time for the equipment and s. 2770 is 190 pages long and its length and ing the environmental hazards of alterna­ tive disposal choices." Train further noted construction labor. There is already about complexity undoubtedly deterred many Sen­ $7 billion worth of waste treatment facili­ ators from reading the bill in the 24 hours that incremental costs of abatement in­ crease greatly as higher levels of reductions ties for which federal financial assistance has between the time the bill became available been committed, construction of which is and the debate and vote. Thus, the Senate are required. This is shown in the accom­ panying table. incomplete or not yet under contract. Still almost blindly relied upon the collective another problem is that Phase II will s·ee a judgment of its Public Works Committee, EFFLUENT LIMITATION STANDARDS separate and more stringent standard for which strongly recommended passage. The second major concept is abandonment treating facilities. Thus, after massive in­ It was not until after Senate passage that of water quality standards developed under vestment in Phase I facil1ties, industry may the Administration and other critics awoke the 1965 Act and substitution of effluent quickly find that they do not satisfy the and began to clamor for a re-examination by limitation standards. Premised on a deter­ act's requirement. the House Committee. S. 2770 and H.R. 11896 mination of the beneficia.l uses to be made of NO SOLACE (as introduced on November 19-the text of a given body of water, water quality stand­ the final bill will not be ready until Febru­ ards include a description of the quality nec­ The citizen's suits and administrative and ary) must be read sentence by sentence to essary for such uses, stated in physical, chem­ judicial procedure set forth in the amend­ pierce their complex concepts and provisions. ments comprise the fourth major concept. ical and biologioal measures. A schedule of Since the act will permit citizen's suits to After doing so, one veteran Washington law­ remedial actions to achieve and preserve such yer described the bills as "virtually a world's enforce compliance, industry may find no quality is included. solace in the suggestion that EPA will be fair of legislative ingenuity and legal intri­ The proposed effluent limitation standards cacy." reasonable in applying the act and in resist­ would require the progressive restriction on ing literal compliance. The controversy that has developed since discharges into the water until the point is Senate passage swirls around five concepts The amendments would allow any citizen embraced by both bills: reached when no pollution effluent is dis­ charged, i.e. 1981 for industry, and 1985 for to initiate a civil suit against any party who First, the legislation sets a series of goals is alleged to violate an effluent limitation or to be achieved and deadlines to be met in all other sources. a federal or state abatement order, or against order for the country to obtain pollution-free EPA Administrator Ruckelshaus, in criti­ the EPA Administrator for failure to perform water. cizing the substi:tution of effluent limitation a non-discretionary act. If EPA or the state By June ::tO, 1974, municipal sewage pollu­ standards for water quality ones, points out initiates a civil or criminal action on its own tion facilities will provide the equivalent of that this concept would forbid tertiary chem­ against the alleged violator, no court action secondary treatment. ical treatment of sewage. Such a system is may take place on the citizen's suit. By July 1, 1974, construction grants for currently being installed at the Blue Plains Any party who willfully or negligently treatment facilities will be made on a re­ sewage plant for the District of Columbia violates its discharge permit or who violates gional, or area-wide basis, rather than on a and, according to Ruckelshaus, the dis­ several other specific provisions contained city or town basis as in the past. charges from this treatment will be just short in the amendments shall be liable to a fine By January 1, 1976, industrial sources of of drinkable quality. However, under the con­ up to $25,000 per day of violation and/or one pollution will be required to have the best cept of effluent limita.tion the treated dis­ year in jail. The penalty for the second con­ practicable control technology. charges could not be put into the Potomac viction is $50,000 per day and/or two years By January 1, 1981, industry will cease River. According to Ruckelshaus, the alter­ in jail. water pollution discharges. native will necessitate the building of huge The Senate bill requires a petition for re­ By 1985, the discharge of all pollutants lagoons for sewage sludge settlement and the view of EPA's promulgation of standards from all sources into navigable water wlll be use of irrigation or some other system for relating to new sources of toxic pollutants eliminated. the return of disinfected sewage effluent to and any petition for review of the EPA Ad- March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9747 ministrator's acceptance or rejection of a 11896 is large. Required capital outlays for STATE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE state's procedure for controlling new sources a sustained period would be equal to some­ CO. OF AMERICA IN WORCESTER, or issuing permits to be filed within 30 days thing like one-tenth of business fixed invest­ MASS., LEADS THE WAY IN DEM­ in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Dis-trict ment, and another like amount would be ONSTRATING THAT IT PAYS IN of Columbia. A challenge to the Adminis­ spent for operating costs. CASH, AS WELL AS IN HEALTH, TO trator's actions cannot be raised in civil or (2) " ... It would appear physically to be criminal enforcement proceedings. very difficult for this country under its sys­ QUIT SMOKING FAIR SHAKE tem of construction as currently organized to produce the physical plants to achieve the Industry representatives argue these pro­ level of effluent removal suggested by 1981 HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE visions substantially deprive interested par­ by either the Senate or House bills. Over the OF MASSACHUSETTS ties, including the states, of access to judicial last two years the rate of growth of construc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES review. Since the U.S. Court of Appeals in the tion of waste disposal facilities has been 25% District of Columbia is characterized by some annually. This compares with a long-term Tuesday, March 21, 1972 as a "liberal" court, they believe that they rate of growth of approximately 6%. . . . Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, as the would receive a fairer shake if appeals could Higher levels of activity in this sector could be filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the lead to more rapidly escalating inflationary Member of Congress representing the appropriate local circuit. pressure ...." city of Worcester, Mass., in which the The House bill contains a provision which (3) The question of the economic feasibil­ State Mutual Life Assurance Co. of may prove to be a superior judicial procedure. ity of carrying the removal level to 100% America is located, I am proud of the It requires the President, through the De­ "is not answered by whether even purer wa­ most effective social development part­ partment of Justice, to study and make rec­ ter is better but whether after achieving a nership for progress this great company ommendations on the advisab11ity of estab­ reasonably high level of removal the large lishing an Environmental Court to resolve has with all our community elements resources involved to achieve small further and I earnestly feel the company oflicials disputes over administration of pollution gains could contribute even more to our ma­ control measures. terial welfare if they were to be used else­ and employees deserve our universal con­ The final concept embodied in the amend­ where ...." gratulations and commendation for be­ ments is contract authorization. This would ing the first in their field to provide in­ eliminate the budget-appropriation process IMPORTANT EFFECT The economic common sense contained in centives to consumers to quit smoking of Congress and would give EPA direct au­ by offering them lower premiums on life thority to enter into contracts. At stake is McCracken's comments had an important the contracting authority to disburse vast effect. Committee members agreed to insert a and health insurance policies. sums of public sums. The House bill calls for new provision in their bill to require that In this regard, a very enlightening ar­ a total outlay of $27 billion over four years­ within two years after enactment the Na­ ticle entitled "The High Cost of Smok­ $7 billion more than the Senate bill. The tional Academy of Sciences would complete ing," by Walter S. Ross, in the March Administration had originally recommended and report to Congress a study of the social, 1972 issue of the Reader's Digest, gave $8 billion for the same time span. economic and technological effects that would result from achieving the 1981 clean national editorial recognition to State Of the $27 billion in the House bill, $20 Mutual's non-cigarette-smoker life in­ billion would be for sewage-treatment plants, water goals. The requirement that industries including construction of collection systems. must use the best available pollution control surance program in these extracted The Senate bill authorizes $14 billion for technology would not come into force until words, and I quote: plant construction. Both bills, in bypassing the Congress takes action to implement the It started in 1964, when the Surgeon Gen­ the normal budget-appropriation process, al­ findings of the National Academy of Sciences eral's famous report disclosed that cigarette low EPA to enter into long-term contracts study. Practically, this might mean the 1981 smokers had an overall death rate 68 percent with regional authorities. The federal share requirement would not take effect unless higher than non-smokers. Subsequently, of construction costs under HR 11896 would Congress reimposed it. State Mutual Life Assurance Company of range from 60% to 75%, depending on the Of course, even if provision requiring this America. began advertising, "The non-ciga­ state's contribution. This compares with study is retained in the bill on the floor of rette smoker is a better life-insurance risk. 60%-70% in S. 2770 and 30%-55% in exist­ the House, it may be struck out when the He's entitled to a better rate. So we've given ing law. Both bills also authorize reimburse­ House and Senate bills are sent to conference it to him." State Mutual started selling life ment to cities and states for their sewage committee. Nevertheless, the McCracken tes­ insurance in minimum amounts of $10,000 at plant construction work since 1965 ($2.4 bil­ timony and the proposed study do serve to approximately a three-percent discount to all lion inS. 2770 and $2.75 billion in HR 1H~96). focus the attention of the entire House not who could honestly sign the statement, "I on the question most frequently posed up to SIDESTEPS SAFEGUARDS do not now smoke cigarettes, nor have I now: "Do we need this legislation if we are smoked any cigarettes for at least the past EPA Administrator Ruckelshaus, who to clean up our waters?" but instead: "If we 12 months." This would save a 31-year-old would have the authority to disburse the bil­ pass this legislation, will its environmental non-cigarette-smoking man $15.60 a year lions of public funds, is opposed to contract benefits be more than offset by the social, on a $30,000 policy. On larger policies, savings authorization-as are a number of Senators. economic and technological costs required to He says it "sidesteps all the safeguards and are higher. implement it?" Through 1971, State Mutual had sold more discipline provided by the budgetary-appro­ If Congress enacts the water act amend­ priation process.... " than $1.2 billion of non-smoking insurance; The concept of contract authorization ments, President Nixon is not likely to ex· today this insurance accounts for 35 percent ercise a veto. To do so, as Ruckelshaus says, of the company's new business. State Mu­ raises perhaps the most fundamental ques­ would open him to accusations that he fa­ tion concerning the potential impact of the tual finds that not only are the non-smok­ vors "dirty water." Accordingly, Ruckelshaus ing policyholders better risks, but that they water act amendments: wm the economy be cautioned the House Committee members in adversely affected? buy larger policies, and hold onto them more Paul McCracken believes it may well be. enacting legislation: "We must be as careful consistently. Perhaps it's easier for them to In testimony before the House Committee as surgeons. We must take care not to throw pay premiums because of the money they last December he observed: "If new programs the proverbial out with the bathwater." save on cigarettes. A 30-year-old man can are taken in without seeing clearly the mag­ buy $10,000 policy with what he saves on a nitude and character of future commitments, TOTAL NATIONAL COSTS OF SUCCESSIVE LEVELS OF pack and a half of cigarettes per day. Today, they may get out of line with our capability POLLUTANT REMOVAL 11 other companies have non-smokers' in­ surance. in the future to produce, there·by imposing [Dollar amounts in billions) severe strains and distortions on the econ­ Mr. Speaker, the very timely and in­ omy.... We are already on an expenditure teresting Reader's Digest article men­ course such that federal outlays wm tend to Cost per incremental tioned above emphasizes that cash in­ rise more rapidly than the increment of percentage revenues that ongoing economic growth will Total point of centives, to nonsmokers, are being ex­ yield with any given system of tax rates." Level of removal cost removaJ tended in other business fields and they He warned that the impact of the water are part of a wholesomely developing na­ legislation could "turn out to be proportion­ 85 to 90 percent______$61.0 $0.7 tional trend because most businesses are ately heavy on industries and products that 95 to 99 percent______119.0 6.0 increasingly discovering that being con­ are important to our foreign trade" and could 100 percent. •• ___ ------______317.0 66.0 cerned about and contributing to the im­ lead to enlarged structural unemployment, provement of the quality of life for the the most difficult to control because it is Source: Estimates of the Council on Environmental Quality caused primarily by disappearing markets. and the Environmental Protection Agency. In effect the data are consumer is not only good citizenship but In concluding, McCracken indicated his in terms of 1971 dollars, since no price inflation has been built also good business in a better country. into the data. Total costs include a 10-year program of capital prepared remarks held three implications: expenditures and 20 to 25 years of operating costs for those In its particular industry State Mutual (1) "The commitment involved in H.R. faci lities. Life Assurance Company of America has 9748 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 shown the way; to others we simply say­ cause is the flight of industry to the suburbs selves of Amtrak trains if a more bal­ go and do likewise-for your own, for which leaves the inner-city resident with anced route were inaugurated. Of the fewer opportunities for low-skill jobs at the numerous people who drive from Hart­ your consumer's and for the Nation's best bottom rung of the ladder to upward mo­ interest. bility. But that, says the study, is somewhat ford to Boston each year, a large number of an oversimplification. Because of the would gladly travel by train if the op­ growth in services and government activities portunity were offered. THE CONSEQUENCES OF the number of jobs for unskilled workers Since the amendment considered would SEGREGATION has actually increased. The trouble is that have required only a minimum of three many of these jobs are filled by commuters trains daily along the inland route, it from the suburbs and, more important, that would not have jeopardized the existing HON. DON EDWARDS the number of black migrants and poorly Amtrak Shore Line route. OF CALIFORNIA educated inner-city youngsters is increasing even faster than the jobs. This trend con­ Instead of revitalizing intercity rail IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinues to accelerate. And so does the pros­ traffic, Amtrak continues to neglect po­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 pect for crime. One cause, of course, is the tentially rich market areas by refusing despair of ghetto life and the contacts youth to schedule rail service along those routes Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. makes on the street. But a major and most which would serve a large number of po­ Speaker, we neeC., I think, to be constant­ disturbing factor, says the study, "may be tential travelers. The Northeast is not ly reminded of the evil consec~ uences of the rising 'legitimacy' of crime, to the ex­ alone in this problem. Other sections of segregation in our society. In the recent tent that blacks see it as an expression of the country also are without effective debates on integrating the suburbs and civil disobedience"-as a form of protest. rail service. A large, untapped pool of po­ the use of busing to desegregate the The task force acknowledges that there are no easy solutions and that a many­ tential rail passenger customers is be­ schools there has been little, if any, men­ faceted attack is needed. It would give pri­ ing neglected by the current state of tion of the terrible cost of continued ority to creating public-service jobs for all intercity rail transportation. Perhaps segregation for the minority communi­ young people who can't find jobs in private Amtrak will someday recognize this po­ ties. Yet while the debate continues, industry, step up funding of antidiscrimina­ tential and take advantage of the prom­ the heavy toll of lost opportunities is tion efforts and expand services, including ise it offers. exacted daily, often beneath the level of child care, family planning and part-time our notice and hidden from our con­ employment for young black women who suf­ sciences. The just completed report of fer the highest unemployment rates. In the end, however, the nation, including the 20th century fund on "The Job Crisis its black leaders, must recognize that the SICKLE CELL ANEMIA: RESEARCH, for Black Youth" gives us the latest ac­ problems of ghetto youth are essentially the TREATMENT, AND DETECTION counting of the damage inflicted upon problems of the ghetto. And these problems blacks by continued segregation and will become worse, no matter how much we denial of opportunity. This report de­ spend or how well we mean, as long as we HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL continue to house the black and the poor serves the attention of everyone in the OF NEW YORK Congress, and I hope that we will all almost exclusively in the inner city. We can, read it to become more aware of the perhaps, ameliorate ghetto conditions. But IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we cannot eliminate its inherent evil until Tuesday, March 21, 1972 human casualties we are creating daily we eliminate the ghetto itself. in our society by our continued refusal to Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the House end the racial segregation which perme­ of Representatives is scheduled to con­ ates almost every segment of American sider legislation-landmark legislation­ life. RAIL PASSENGER CUSTOMERS to fight the deadly sickle cell disease I commend to the immediate attention NEGLECTED which afflicts black Americans. Sickle of all in this body the recent Washington cell anemia, an inherited blood disease, Post editorial on this important study: strikes approximately one out of every PROBLEMS OF BLACK YOUTH HON. ELLA T. GRASSO 500 black children born in the United "When hope dies, its heirs are despera­ OF CONNECTICUT States. Most of its victims die a painful tion and despair," said James B. Conant IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES death before their 20th birthdays. a decade ago, warning of the "social dyna­ In December of 1971, the Senate mit e" planted in our cities by the enforced Tuesday, March 21, 1972 passed S. 2676, a bill which would pro­ idleness and empty expectations of "hun­ dreds of thousands" of young people. The Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, I deeply vide $142 million over the next 3 years warning is cited in a study of "The Job regret that the House, in its consid­ for Federal aid in the research, treat­ Crisis for Black Youth" conducted by a eration of H.R. 11417, the National Rail­ ment, and detection of sickle cell anemia. special task force for the Twentieth Cen­ way Passenger Corporation Review Act, The House Committee on Interstate and tury Fund (Praeger, $3.95). It found that refused to accept the amendment to make Foreign Commerce has reported out H.R. the "hundreds of thousands" have multi­ the so-called inland route between New 13592, a bill less comprehensive than plied, particularly among black ghetto youth Haven, Conn., and Boston, Mass., a per­ the Senate measure and providing $105 and that the "social dynamite" which some manent component of the Amtrak million-$37 million less than the Sen­ years ago exploded at Watts and the subse­ quent ghetto riots, is now detonating in a system. ate version-to combat this menace to steadily increasing barrage of crime. "As This amendment would have provided our health. We in the House of Repre­ against a white adult unemployment rate of intercity rail transportation between New sentativ.es would be remiss in authorizing 4.6 per cent during the second quarter of Haven, Wallingford, Meriden, Berlin, anything less than our colleagues in the 1971 ," the task force reports, "the over-aU and Hartford in Connecticut, and Spring­ Senate to implement the National Sickle black teen-age unemployment rate was 34.9 field, Worcester, Framingham, and Bos­ Cell Anemia Prevention Act. In addition, per cent-- or more than seven times greater; ton in Massachusetts. Such a provision we have a moral obligation to guarantee in the poverty areas it was 39.1 per cent. For black adults between the ages of 20 and would have done much to rekindle in­ that full appropriations swiftly follow 24 the unemployment rate was 19 per cent." terest in rail transportation among the enactment of this legislation. The causes are numerous and, in part, obvi­ people of central Connecticut and cen­ I urge my colleagues to join in support ous: our general failure to generate suffi­ tral Massachusetts. of this desperately needed action. Prom­ cient jobs at adequate wages for all who want · The inland route to Boston from New ising research developments based on to work; racial discrimination; the near­ Haven includes over 1.2 million more peo­ years of work have been revealed. In­ breakdown of the inner-city schools which ple than the present Shore Line route. creased programs to educate possible permit young people to drop out or grad­ Although an important goal of Amtrak carriers of the genetic sickle cell trait uate from high school without the minimum are reaching the black communities of skills required for desirable jobs; the lack of is creation of a balanced transportation an alternative to formal schooling of adoles­ system, Amtrak now runs 10 trains daily America. We must not let these hopeful cents and the reluctance of employers to along the Shore Line route, but only one signs be crushed by the failure of Con­ hire young blacks and train them for other train daily from Springfield to Boston. gress to authorize and fund the war on than dead-end jobs. Another often-cited Many more individuals would avail them- sickle cell disease. March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9749 EVALUATION OF COUNCIL ON ENVI­ a special environmental message to Con­ ress in resource management, the innercity RONMENTAL QUALITY-A COM­ gress in February 1970, and an executive environment, and the relationships of recent MENTARY order directing abatement of pollution ema­ developments in law and economics to envi­ nating from federal facilities. One month ronmental problems. later, in the executive order directing imple­ The most far-reaching of CEQ's activities mentation of the procedures of the National in terms of impact, however, has been its HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Environmental Policy Act, he clearly went oversight and guidance of the implementa­ OF MICHIGAN beyond the specific requirements of the law tion of NEPA's procedures by federal agen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by authorizing CEQ to: cies. CEQ issued interim guidelines to the Conduct public hearings and conferences agencies in April 1970 and in July of that Tuesday, March 21, 1972 on environmental issues, year published a list of the agencies that Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I insert Coordinate (not merely review and ap­ should be consulted about particular types praise) federal activities affecting the en­ of environmental impacts. In January 1971 into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an excel­ vironment, lt issued notice of its intention to revise lent historical commentary on the Coun­ Issue guidelines to federal agencies for the guidelines. The revised guidelines were cil on Environmental Quality entitled complianoe with NEPA, and issued three months later. "The Council on Environmental Quality: Issue such other instructions to the agen­ Despl:te these guidelines and CEQ's con­ an Evaluation," by Mr. Richard N. L. cies and request such information from them tinuing review and assistance to the agencies Andrews, published in the January-Feb­ as necessary to fulfill its responsibUities. in implementing them, a substantial lack O·f ruary 1972 issue of the Journal of Soil The significance of these added authorities uniformity is still evident in the quality and Water Conservation: hardly needs to be emphasized. First, they of the responses by many agencies. To sug­ clearly underscore the commitment of the gest the reasons for this unevenness, it is THE COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: administration as well as Congress to en­ useful to look briefly at the guidelines them­ AN EVALUATION vironmental policy initiatives. Second, they selves. (By Richard N. L. Andrews) give to CEQ powers otherwise held by few Guidelines (NoTE.-Richard N. L. Andrews is a Ph.D. if any agencies in the executive office, ex­ Two basic policies are evident in both the candidate in environmental planning at the cept the Office of Management and Budget, interim and revised guidelines. First, al­ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.) to guide and influence the policies and ac­ though new procedures are required which The Council on Environmental Quality has tions of other federal agencies. may, in turn, affect choices between alterna­ collected generous shares of both praise and The administration's policy commitment tive projects and other types of actions, no blame for the course that federal environ­ to environmental quality has remained clear new explicit rules of preference for making mental policy has taken in the past two since that time as well in a stream of ex­ such choices are stated. The guidelines re­ years. However, it is not clear that how sig­ ecutive orders, legislative initiatives, and quire th&t environmental impac·ts be con­ nificant a role CEQ actually has played in policy statements, including emphasis in sidered in the decision-making process, and this process. It is useful, therefore, to eval­ each of the annual presidential messages to they imply clearly that some amount of bias uate its powers, achievements, and problems Congress. Thus whatever may be said of in the direction of minimizing adverse en­ during its first years of existence in order CEQ's actions, the actions have been taken vironmental impacts must be introduced in to put in accurate perspective both its po­ in the context of a clear mandate from both the process of choice. But they do not show tentials and its limitations. Congress and the president to harmonize clearly how heavily such considerations are CEQ was created by Congress as part of an federal actions with environmental quality to be weighed against traditional agency ob­ unusual legislative package which not only goals. jectives and budgetary constraints in making established a "national policy on the environ­ The limits of CEQ's powers must also be pa.rticular decisions or how much the ad­ ment" but included what were described as noted, howevoc. CEQ is not an environmental ministration is willing to sacrifice in attain­ "action-forcing provisions" to assure imple­ czar, nor even a new national resources plan­ ing other goals (such as water resource de­ mentation of that policy by federal agencies.4 ning board. It has no authority to veto the velopment, highway construction, economic In CEQ, Congress created an ongoing institu­ actions of any other agency, nor even to growth, and budget control) to achieve en­ tional focal point for environmental policy­ require an agency to file the detailed state­ vironmental goals. making and review. ment of environmental impact required by The seoond policy 1s tha.t much of the The administration originally opposed Section 102(2) (C) of NEPA. It does have the responsibility for implementation is left to creation of a statutory council, preferring in­ power to review agency actions for environ­ the agencies themselves, minimizing the stead to work through a cabinet-level co­ mental impact and to give advice both to the number of specific across-the-board require­ ordinating committee. But Congress insisted, agency and to the president. But in any in­ ments imposed by CEQ. There are obvious pointing out that while the cabinet com­ tractable conflict with another agency, CEQ's reasons for this policy, including the varia­ mittee filled a need for interdepartmental co­ power is limited to its ability to persuade the tion in situations and procedures among ordination, it had neither the time, the ex­ president to take action. Its influence on the agencies which precludes governance of all pertise, nor the independence of traditional agencies can thus be expl&ined only by its by a single set of definitions and require­ departmental missions to provide consistent, success in persuading the president to adopt ments, and also the newness and inexperi­ expert advice to the president on environ­ its recommendations, or by its success in per­ ence of CEQ which precludes sufficient un­ mental policies and trendse CEQ was created suading agencies to adopt its recommenda­ derstanding of the agencies' situations and therefore, as a three-member body of "excep­ tions voluntarily and thereby avoid later ad­ modes of operation to prescribe operational tionally well-qualified men," appointed by verse consequences in the wider forums of rules for them. NEPA itself was written in the president and subject to Senate confir­ congressional, judicial, and public opinion. general terms in recognition of the pro­ mation. To it was attached the staff of the ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE cedural differences that would be required Office of Environmental Quality, created by to achieve its purposes in the varying con­ the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970. Activities texts of different agencies. On the other rts, deserve our fullest gether than its ideals. praise, support, and encouragement. "When we first got there, things were kind port an emotional United Nations theory of slow. Flora got an intestinal problem and of economic embargo. They can and have· Yery effectively had to return to the states. I wasn't making These misinformed and misguided opened many doors to better interna­ muoh headway myself. In fact, I was over­ demonstrators do not understand the tional understanding. whelmed with the la.ck of facilities, lack of law and facts; for if they act with full Two articles from last week's Wash­ discipline and general inertia in Honduras," knowledge, then they are being used as ington News call attention to the Jackson said. nothing more than an activist lobby in achievements of the Sports Corps and its F'or example, in the Honduran capital, support of the Soviet Union, which is dedicated and talented director, Mr. Tegucigalpa, three people handled the whole basketball program for four high schools not only the Communist nation supply­ Glenn C. Randall, a former world class and 16 primary schools. They would visit ing the military hardware-the MIG air­ athlete and National Olympic Coach, each school, one by one, twice a week for an planes and SAM missiles killing Ameri­ whose enthusiasm and talent have gone hour each visit. On each oooas:ion 60-80 chil­ can fighting men in Vietnam-but is an far in developing the Sports Corps. dren would vie for a chance to shoot the all-white nation where all of its people, Glenn Randall's experiences ih coaching two or three basketballs allotted to each even its own citizens, are oppressed. Pakistan's Olympic Team in 1964, 1965 school. For a so-called Committee of Blacks and his subsequent work in fostering "At that point we were discouraged but we decided to stick it out as long as possi­ Against Oppression to lobby on the international athletic programs have ble," Jackson said. banks of the Mississippi River in the given the Sports Corps such a high repu­ Then a couple of things happened to United States for continuation of a Rus­ tation that requests from all over the change everything. Jackson traveled to the sian monopoly on chrome is a ridiculous world for volunteer coaches are :flowing north coast of Honduras to give a cllnic in exploitation by whoever is calling the into Peace Corps Headquarters. San Pedro Sula. The people there were more signals. I am pleased to share the following enthusiastic than the Tegucigalpans and two articles with my colleagues, which when the clinic was finished they flew his describe Mr. Randall's achievements, wife to San Pedro Sala for a special fiesta SPORTS CORPS-COACHES of thanks. and those of Mr. Jay Jackson, a Sports "Boy, I'll tell you, it was a real tearjerker," Corps coach serving in Honduras, and I Jackson recalled. "And I welllt back to ask they be inserted in the REcoRD at Tegucigalpa a new man. We felt a,ccepted HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE this point: for the first time." OF MASSACHUSETTS CoACH MAKES Goon IN A NEw PEACE CoRPs The Jacksons then moved out of their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES suburban, American-type home in the Hon­ (By Tom Quinn) duran capital and set up housekeeping in­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 The Peace Corps sometimes seems to sneak stead in a colonial building downtown. up on people. On Monday you're "consider­ "Now we were beginning to feel a part of Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, one of the ing" the possibility of leaving for awhile your the people," Jackson said. most effective, least costly, and remark­ comfortable suburban enclave and, boom­ Mrs. Jackson started a nutrition program ably successful Government programs on Thursday you're halfway to Morocco or in poor "barrios" of Tegucigalpa and she has designed to promote international Malaysia or, in the case of Jay Jackson, Hon­ had, so far, a 1,000 per cent suocess, dispens­ friendship and understanding and to duras. ing vitamins and breakfasts to 120 young­ supply a critically needed manpower For more than a year now, Jackson has sters. (She started out with 12.) The Jack­ shortage in developing nations of the been a one-man basketball program in that sons are even trying to adopt one of the poor Central American republic. He returned world has been the Sports Corps, a children who participates in the program. to Washington, D.C., last week to pick up Jay, meanwhile, has made headway, too. branch of the Peace Corps. Now slightly some textbooks for his nationwide coaches He is successfully conducting coaching and over one year old, the Sports Corps has clinic in Honduras and to ha~ve a back opera­ referee clinics and when he leaves next year placed 283 American coaches in some 25 tion. he figures to have increased the number of countries around the world, many of This week he is back down there preparing qualified referees from six to 25 in the whom will be serving as coaches for the national all-star team for the upcoming country and the number of coaches from these nations at the upcoming Olympic Central American Championships. three to 30. games in Munich. Two things about Jackson struck me as The national basketball team is undergoing unusual during a conversation just before he Sports Corps files are replete with en­ a weight program to strengthen the play­ left for the South: ers for what Jackson calls a "pressing-run­ thusiastic praise for the work of these This 6-foot-4, lean, blond, blue-eyed man ning game-sort of a UCLA program Without American coaches who have not only is not what people have come to regard as a height." Indeed, there are only two players provided specialized athletic training, "typical Peace Corps Volunteer." as tall as 6-4 on the team. but have also instilled a deep sense of He certainly is not a typical basketball "It will take more than two years to build national pride and respect in the teams coach. up the quality of basketball-I'd say the In the first place, Jackson is 35 years old. national team right now is about on the they coach. The success of the Sports He and his wife, Flora, not only volunteered level of a good high school team-but at Corps has not, however, been limited to themselves but also their children: Jay, 7, least we're laying the foundations," Jack­ the coaching of international olympic Jeff, 6 and Jim, 2. This is an example of a. son said. teams; U.S. Sports Corps athletes re­ recent new emphasis under director Joe In the meantime, the Jacksons have dis­ ceive the same warm and enthusiastic Blatchford for Volunteer fami11es. When the covered they can get along fine without such 9752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 USA basics as the telephone, television, auto­ countries. And with no suspicion and none USA. "To promote American excellence in mobiles, frozen foods and hot water. of that Big Brotherism. all sports. We're only good at five of 31 "The interesting thing is that in the past "Man, even President Nixon has said that world sports." year and a half we have had more family sports and cultural activities are the best Set up an international "Corps of Olympic life together than anytime in our 10 years vias of communication between us and the Volunteers"--athletes and coaches from de­ of marriage," Jackson said. It used to be Communist block countries. It follows that veloped nations to spread thruout the Third that everything was all work from seven sports is one of the most natur-al ways for 'de­ World much as Sports Corps is doing, ex­ in the morning to 10 or 11 at night back veloping countries' to get to know us and cept on a multi-national scale. home. for us to get to know them." Promote a "domestic Sports Corps" prin­ "But this experience has really given us, Bill Toomey, Olympic decathalon cham­ cipally dedicated to speaking out FOR sports as a family, a lot more sense of purpose pion and world record holder, was one of the as an alternative to drug abuse among and accomplishment. And we've made the first Americans to accept the Sports Corps America's youth. kind of trans-cultural friendships that, well, challenge. Joe Blatchford, young Peace Corps All of this seems like a lot to ask from a were really hard to find back home. director, and Randall decided to test out the nation beset with the bills for problems at "We had the feeling we weren't really of idea of Sports Corps by sending Toomey to home and abroad-but it's not so much. service to anyone in Oak Harbor but in Hon­ Venezuela, Ghana, Honduras, Ethiopia and "The entire Peace Corps could be sup­ duras it has been exactly the opposite. There Kenya. He returned full of enthusiasm. ported on what we spend for just two or we have come up against what I guess you "We watched a whole newly-formed na­ three missiles," Randall said, "and, believe could call 'real' rather than 'imaginary' tion-Kenya-being brought together by the me, compared to the whole Peace Corps problems. strength of distance runner Kip Keino so we budget, Sports Corps is just taxi fare." "And it's been even more rewarding for knew what a strong force sports could be in the kids, who didn't seem to have our prob­ a country. Strong national figures or teams lems adjusting." can instill incredible pride in the people." Listening to Jackson reminds me of what Randall said. "It may sound strange but we THE FAILURE OF PUBLIC HOUSING a radical friend told me recently: "The true found if a people can believe in a team they revolutionary puts his flesh on the line with often believe in themselves." his ideals." Just after Sports Corps formed in late 1970, That does fit Jackson, altho he is prob­ Randall and Toomey toured 19 Asian coun­ HON. DON EDWARDS ably more an "evolutionary" than a "revo­ tries and asked them if they would accept OF CALIFORNIA lutionary." His presence in Honduras is sup­ Sports Corps volunteers. "Everyone said yes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unhesitantly," Randall said, "tho many of posed to stabilize the country rather than Tuesday, March 21, 1972 revolutionalize it. these same countries were equivocal about Still, Jay Jackson is no phony. The world the rest of the Peace Corps." Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. could use a lot more like him. Toomey is now in charge of promotion and recruitment for Sports Corps, but others who Speaker, the failure of Baber Village in embody the program include: Prince Georges' County, following fast SPORTS CORPS BUll.DS TEAMS-AND NATIONS Mrs. Wilma Sutherland, M.A. in physical upon the decision to demolish much of (By Tom Quinn) education and former Professor of PE at the the Pruitt-Igoe high-rise housing proj­ "Did you know that Pete Maravich got more University of California, is directing a teacher ect in St. Louis, is a stark commentary to sign a professional basketball contract training program for the public schools of on the failure of public housing to pro­ than the combined sports budgets of all the Valencia, Venezuela. countries on the continent of Africa? Now Bob Clotworthy, for 10 years the head vide the decent, safe, and sanitary hous­ that•s a good example of the sports gap." swimming and diving coach at Princeton ing for the Nation's poor that has been -Glenn Randall, director of Sports Corps University and an Olympic gold medalist in promised in the national housing pro­ When Glenn Randall agreed to coach the diving is the national swimming coach in grams of the past 3 decades. During track and field team of Pakistan in 1964-65 Venezuela. hearings by the Civil Rights Oversight neither he nor anyone else foresaw that ex­ Bill Sweek, a sparkplug on two recent perience engendering Sports Corps, a new UCLA NCAA champion basketball teams, is Subcommittee of the Committee on the and of Peace Corps. in Tunisia as national coach. Judiciary on the enforcement of the fair "The West Pakistanis ·are direct descend­ Bob Shul, Olympic 5,000 meter champion housing laws by the Federal Govern­ ants of Alexander the Great--a people who in Tokyo in 1964, coached the Malaysia track ment, we explored with administration run like the wind and are as big physically and field team to 18 gold medals in 24 events officials and public witnesses the reasons as doors," Randall said. "When president in recent South East Asian Peninsular Ayub Khan requested a coach, the State Games. And Malaysia had never won more for this failure. The answers we received Department contacted me thru Sports In­ than six events in the games before Shul's were consistent witr. those set forth in ternational and I leaped at the chance. arrival. the excellent editorial in today's Wash­ "Pakistan was not much in Asia, but after To this writer, the most important ex­ ington Post: public housing is doomed to months of preparation when we finally went ample of the effectiveness of Sports Corps is failure so long as it continues to perpet­ to the Asian Games, we (Pakistan) set 18 the case of Chile. When I passed thru Chile Asian records. in 1966, students had shut down a uni­ uate the patterns of racial and class seg­ "Overnight Pakistan became the track versity in Conception because of widespread regation which characterize our Na­ and field power of all Asia-just because of belief that Peace Corps volunteers were CIA tion's housing patterns. The Washington one American coach." spies. Post is right, what is needed is not new Randall did not forget that remarkable Whether or not this was true is not im­ housing placed in the same old segre­ lesson. Five years later, he helped found portant. The Chilean government was about gated patterns, but new communities Sports Corps with the intention of sending to ask the United States to remove the qualified volunteers to Third World coun­ Peace Corps from Chile simply because they that provide housing opportunities for tries in order to: had enough problems without it. all. Teach instructors as well as students of Since then, Chile has voted in a Com­ The Washington Post editorial follows: these countries. munist president and the United States has Form scholastic leagues and sports clubs. been cold in its diplomatic relations with NEEDED: NOT HOUSING BUT COMMUNITIES Coach national teams and athletes to rep­ the country. Great hopes were raised when only !our resent their country. Sports Corps, however, is going strong in years ago the nation's first Secretary of Hous­ Today, only 16 months after the founding Chile. It is accepted and lauded. The Chil­ ing and Urban Development, Dr. Robert c. of Sports Corps, 283 American coaches are ean national swim .and fencing coaches are Weaver, broke ground for Baber Village, an serving in 25 countries trying to do what both Sports Corps volunteers. Former Uni­ apartment house project !or some 200 fami­ Randall accomplished in Pakistan. Fifteen versity of Delaware coach Dan Peterson is lies of meager means, at the Mount Pleasant countries will have American coaches at not only the Chilean national basketball area, just north of Central Avenue in Prince the Olympic Games in Munich, thanks to coach but five of his ex-players are distrib­ Georges' County. Here was to be a new ap­ Sports Corps. uted thruout the country in a highly or­ proach to housing the poor that would avoid The idea, Randall says, is not to train ganized network to develop Chilean basket­ the old mistakes of public housing-a pro­ athletes simply to break records. "This is ball players. gram that had become thoroughly dis­ the easy, logical, safe way for us to form Randall, however, is far from satisfied. credited. and maintain very strong friendships in these Now he wants to: "Decent, safe and sanitary" public housing countries," he said in his office in the Peace Lead the United States into Red China. to provide shelter for those who cannot af­ Corps building on a corner of LafayettEf "We'd love to help the President set up an ford the going market price for it, first be­ ·Park. exchange program with Red China . . . we came a national program ·in 1936 under the "The fact is," Randall continued, "we are are the vehicle to do it and now is the time­ New Deal. It has been in trouble ever since. one of the few arms of Peace Corps that is im­ in the spirit of the Olympic ideal." One of the troubles was (and is) that publlc mediately accepted and appreciated by all Set up a National Academy of Sports in the housing projects concentrate large numbers March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9753 ot poor anc:t poorly educated people in iso­ building housing for the poor and to start Costs of the Interstate Highway Sys­ lated ghettos. At least 60 per cent of the building communities that include everyone. tem have been immense in terms of ac­ families who live in these projects are black tual dollars expended, environmental or Spanish speaking. Another trouble is that, due to restrictions imposed by Congress damage sustained and priorities re­ (which at one time, for instance, would not versed. Immense amounts of ill will have MASS TRANSIT, YES; MORE been created, particularly among city tolerate such "luxuries" as a balcony) many, HIGHWAYS, NO if not most of these projects were poorly de­ groups who have become victims of these signed, devoid of beauty and amenity. The roads and their people removal pro­ worst trouble is that the pub:ic housing grams. It is vital that the Secretary of projects tend to provide just housing with­ HON. FRANK J. BRASCO Transportation tell us what his trans­ out the social services, recreation and edu­ OF NEW YORK portation blueprint for the future is go­ cation that the poor need more urgently than people of means. Most projects are lo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing to look like. It is also vital that he cated on the other side of the railroad Tuesday, March 21, 1972 inform the Nation of what the cost of tra-cks, as it were, far removed from shops, future roadbuilding is going to be in schools and job opportunities and all the Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, the cities terms of environmental damage. other "facilities" that facilitate climbing the of our Nation are choking to death on These roads promote suburban flight ladder of what the sociologists call "upward the automobile. Cities like New York away from cities. This, in turn, leads to mobility." have desperate need of a massive trans­ urban blight. As a corollary of such pro­ Thus, public housing became highly un­ fusion of Federal funds for urban mass grams, commerce is siphoned away from popular, so unpopular, in fact, that many transit. Such action by Government is communities actually passed laws to prohibit cities, taking jobs and tax money away it. In some instances even the poor them­ long ov.erdue and desperately needed. We from where they are needed most. This, selves refused to move into these projects, have already arrived at a point where it of course, leads to downgraded municipal preferrinti instead to live in "indecent, unsafe is practically impossible to move large services and lack of people in urban and unsanitary" slums. If the slums were numbers of city residents across metro­ areas. razed for urban renewal, freeways and other politan areas with regularity. If we do not The Interstate system has uprooted new construction, they would crowd into act swiftly, our urban areas as we have people in huge numbers; 58,000 in 1970 other parts of town and thus create new come to know them will cease to exist. slums. alone. By making it ever easier to use Though none of this had anything to do Urban mass transit subsidies by Govern­ cars instead of rapid mass urban transit, with the principle of public housing, the ment are utterly vital. we deplete our oil reserves. Over 38 per­ program barely crept along. We have yet to When I return home to my district in cent of annual petroleum production in build the 810,000 public housing units Con­ New York, I hear on all sides the legiti­ the United States goes into making gaso­ gress called for back in 1949. And roughly one mate and increasingly desperate request line, according to the National Petroleum half of the public housing constructed dur­ by constituents for this kind of action. Institute. ing the 1960's was built not for large fam- Many urban Congressmen have peti­ 111es most in need of it, but for the elderly Autos on roads cause at least 39 per­ (who need housing, too, of course, but are tioned the administration, seeking some cent of the Nation's appalling, growing more acceptable, somehow, than a lot of understanding of the plight of our peo­ air pollution, according to the Environ­ noisy children). ple. In response we receive mumbling and mental Protection Agency, and as much The Kennedy and Johnson administra­ promises of vague future actions. as 80 percent of it in certain cities. Yet tions, as a result, launched a bewildering It is most difficult to impress upon this this year, highways will get $5.2 billion proliferation of new federP.l housing subsidy relatively isolated group of powerful men from the Federal Government, while programs. Baber V111age was built under one and women the urgency of our need. of the first of these, known to housing pro­ rapid transit systems will have to be fessionals as 221 (d) (3). The idea of this Instead of some truly swift, compre­ satisfied wtih $750 million. This is sense­ section of the 1961 Housing Act is that non­ hensive policy, we receive more highway less, especially to a State and city like profit organizations, such as church groups plans, complete with destructive impact New York, which pays into the Federal or labor unions, should house the poor rath­ upon viable neighborhoods of our cities. Treasury far more than it receives in er than the government. It is done with gen­ When will the people who decide our return from all Federal programs. erous federal mortgage guarantees and transportation priorities understand the sharply reduced interest and insurance Nevertheless, the handwriting is on the charges. Some hailed this approach because last thing we want or need or will tolerate wall. In every city across our Nation it seems to strengthen free enterprise. Others is more expressways? Why should more people are coming to realize they just called it "a gimmick." The fact is that many suburbanites be able to dash through the do not have to endure this kind of out­ of these 221 (d) (3) projects have worked heart of our cities on their way to work or rage on their pocketbooks, nerves, and out extremely well. The Sursum Corda devel­ to their homes in suburbs? These roads lives. opment at First and M Streets, NW, for in­ tear apart good neighborhoods, displace Groups are organizing all across the stance, a cluster of townhouses and small honest, hard-working urbanites and in Nation, and highways are being stopped apartments for some 200 families, sponsored the end only further pollute the air. In by a group of Catholic church organizations, one by one by outraged, alert, aware is a model of its kind. Others, like Baber effect, new superhighways create far groups through court actions. Virtually V1llage, which is sponsored by the African more problems than they solve. every month another victory is scored Methodist Episcopal Church, merely con­ America has been on a roadbuilding against these roads. founded the old public housing mistakes. orgy for at least the past 15 years, mainly Last November, the courts stopped a Baber Village is isolated, poorly designed and through the Interstate Highway System, federally funded freeway in San Fran­ far removed from shops, schools and job with 42,500 miles in total mileage. It has opportunities. What is more, its sponsor in­ cisco because the State had failed to vested less than $5,000 in the project and been and is being financed by the trust make an adequate environmental study. lacked all knowledge and experience in hous­ fund through user taxes virtually every One week later, highway foes got Inter­ ing construction and management. American pays. Yet these funds are un­ state 90 in Seattle halted for the same Afflicted by shoddy construction, crime touchable for other, more vital purposes, reason. Victories in Washington against vandalism, Baber Village is in dire distress. such as urban mass transit. A massive, freeways threatening neighborhood in­ More than a quarter of the houses are va­ shrewd, well-organized and well­ tegrity of the city have heartened free­ cant and the African Methodist Episcopal financed highway lobby prevents any Church is unable to raise the money for re­ way opponents across the entire United pairs and the mortgage payments. They have such use of these moneys. Attempts have States. therefore decided to ask HUD to foreclose the been made to bring into being a similar My Borough of Brooklyn desperately mortgage and to turn the problem back to trust fund for urban mass transit. I, for needs attention to its transportation the U.S. government. one, have joined in sponsorship of legis­ needs through a Federal mass transit The heart of the problem is, of course lation to accomplish this goal. Yet the commitment. The people I represent will tbat decent, safe and sanitary housing highway lobby, working closely with the not accept further puerile excuses and alone-public, private or in-between-is si.mply not enough. I', must be supplemented administration, has held mass transit delays. In every way we can, we shall by adequate community services, police pro­ forces at bay, frustrating their legitimate oppose the highway juggernant nntil tection, medical care, transportP.,tion, recrea­ efforts to cut the Gordian knot of traffic some measure of sanity is restored to tion and the rest. In short, it 1s time to stop we are choking on. the Nation's transportation priorities. 9754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM, Less obvious is the second idea that using kindness. He was never too busy to take BY CAROLYN RUSS freedom is a way. of preserving it because destruction of freedom by non-use is a more time to talk to me and to explain either gradual destruction. This gradual destruc­ the issues of the day or the intricate par­ tion like Sandburg's Fog, "comes on little liamentary procedures before the House. HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN He was always available for advice and OF TENNESSEE cat feet", and therefore is possibly more dangerous. Like man's vestigial appendix, counsel and gave unstintingly of his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES freedom unused gradually shrinks into use­ time. I shall never forget his many deeds Tuesday, March 21, 1972 lessness. of kindness, and I am certain that many I accept the responsibility of using free­ Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, each year others benefited from his unselfish acts. dom in order to preserve it. Jim Trimble was deeply dedicated to the Veterans of Foreign Wars and its How may I, a high school student, use Ladies Auxiliary conducts a Voice of De­ my freedom? Here my point of view is lim­ the public interest and served the 3d mocracy contest. ited. I have only limited experience. I have District of Arkansas well for 22 years. This year nearly 500,000 secondary a limited area of influence. I have limited He was a member of the Public Works school students participated, and the opportunities. Maybe the word "student" is Committee, and later, the Rules Com­ winning contestant from each State was the key. Learning is my job-my way of mittee of the House of Representatives. brought to washington for the final using freedom. He was greatly respected by his col­ What do I learn? Again I start with the leagues. judging for five national scholarships obvious: learning the historical and struc­ which were awarded as the top prizes. tural facts of our American government, To his loved ones,I join many others in I am extremely proud that the winner from the names of the signers of the Decla­ offering deep sympathy in this time of in Tennessee in Miss Carolyn Russ from ration of Independence to the name of my deep sorrow over his passing. my hometown of Kingsport. A senior at congressman, from the provisions of the Bill Dobyns-Bennett High School, Miss Russ of Rights to those of the 26th amendment. I must not neglect these. is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Erwin But I cannot stop here. I need to learn INEQUITIES· IN THE RENT REGULA­ Russ. She hopes to pursue a teaching what other generations have thought-their TIONS UNDER PHASE II career or a career in the humanities. political, theological and scientific philoso­ Residents of Kingsport have great phies-to evaluate them, and to use them as pride in Miss Russ and it is significant to a base upon which to build my own thoughts. note that in 1966 her brother, David, won Through a variety of experiences I need to HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH the same contest and went on to become learn the essential art of understanding and OF NEW JERSEY national winner. getting along with people. Finally, I must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES learn how to speak and write about my Miss Russ has an impressive record at ideas effectivel'y, for, if I cannot express my­ Tuesday, March 21, .1972 Dobyns-Bennett. She is a National Merit self, I have failed in using my freedom. Scholar semifinalist, a nominee as Out­ All this learning is going to take a while­ Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I wish to standing Teenager of America, has won the rest of my life, I guess-so, at the same call to the attention of the membership tournament awards for debating, ora­ time I will have to start working-workin-g, "the following letter addressed to the tory and impromptu speaking, as well as I hope, v,.ith wisdom enough to work until members of the New Jersey delegation by receiving awards in Latin, math, arid real solutions are found. To illustrate how I Mr. Martin Aranow, president, New Jer­ Tennessee history. · feel about this, let me talk about the prob­ sey Tenants Organization, in which he lem of pollution--something everyone feels cogently summarizes the inequities in the She is a member of the National Honor he must do something about. We have an Society, the Beta Club, and the Science abundance of people going out on Saturdays rent regulations under phase II. and Humanities Seminars. and picking up aluminum cans and chewing The "horror stories" may be down­ The theme of this year's VFW con­ gum wrappers. This is all well and good­ graded by the Rent Advisory Board, but test was ";My Responsibility to Freedom." so far as it goes. But I can see the day com­ they are all too real for a great number I have all the confidence in the world in ing when everyone will say, "Look, there's no of tenants not only in New Jersey but our young people, and after r·eading Miss trash along our highways. The pollution throughout the Nation. problem is solved." And meanwhile dirty Russ' ess•ay, my confidence is greater air and impure water will be killing us all. I have expresed my deep concern to than ever before. · Solving a problem in this manner can be the Chairman of the Price Commission It is a pleasure to make this prize-win­ compared with trying to get rid of an ice­ and I hope prompt and effective remedial ning· essay available for readers of the berg. A team of people chopping on the ice­ action will be forthcoming. If not, the RECORD. At the same time, I wish to berg with icepicks pretty soon might chop Banking and Currency Committee, on commend the Veterans of Foreign Wars away the peak above the water. Good! Yet which it is my honor to serve, will con­ for its continued interest in the Nation's seven times as much of that iceberg remains duct oversight hearings to insure that young people. underneath the water and, with the top part gone, it's hard to see the iceberg is there the administrtaion of the stabilization The essay follows: until your ship is wrecked upon it. program is in compliance with the intent MY RESPONSIBILITY TO FREEDOM What is my responsibl11ty to freedom? It of Congress. (By Carolyn Russ) is to preserve it by using it, not abusing it, Mr. Aranow's letter follows: Freedom is a bell! "A bell is no bell t111 by learning all I can so as to be able to NEW LTERSEY TENANTS ORGANIZATION, you ring it." How shall I ring it? What is share it, to be concerned, and to act respon­ March 14, 1972. my responsi·b11ity to freedom? sibly to reach real solutions. Congressman HuNT, I view freedom as a gift, and consider a Freedom is a bell. A bell may be rung so Congressman SANDMAN, responsibiUty to be something which must that it produces discordant noise or har­ Congressman HowARD, be fulfilled. When considering my responsi­ monious music. May I ring the bell of free­ Congressman THOMPSON, bility to freedom I find that the idea of dom with a tone that is clear and strong Congressman FoRSYTHE, preserving freedom seems to be the central and pure, for freedom is my responsibility. Congressman WIDNALL, one, with a cluster of related ideas around it. Congressman RoE, Foremost among these related ideas are two Congressman HELSTOSKI, which are basic to the preservation of Congressman FRELINGHUYSEN, freedom. THE LATE HON. JAMES W. TRIMBLE Congressman RoDINo, The first is most often mentioned-the Congressman MINISH, negative idea expressed as "refraining from Congresswoman DWYE&, abusing freedom". It is easy to see that Congressman GALLAGHER, abuse destroys freedom since it causes quick HON. SAM GIBBONS Congressman DANIELS, destruction. This is apparent even in ele­ OF FLORIDA Congressman PATTEN. mentary school. When the teacher allows IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR REPRESENTATIVES: The federal wage whispering, and someone forgets and shouts, price rent freeze is just not working. the freedom to whisper is quickly wi-th­ Wednesday, March 15, 1972 Under the Phase 2 guidelines landlords are drawn. Abuse of freedom and restrictions are MR. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, I would permitted to legally increase rents virtually directly proportional: as one gets larger the without ceilings. We can document cases other gets larger. But, restrictions and free­ like to join those eulogizing our former where landlords have raised rents 35% and dom are inversely proportional: as restric­ colleague, James W. Trimble, for I feel 45%-all within the legal requirements of the tions get larger, freedom gets smaller. a distinct, personal loss in his passing. Phase 2 regulations. I accept the idea of not abusing freedom When I was a young freshman in the The regulations are confusing to landlords, as one way I can preserve it. Congress, he showed me many acts of tenants and to the Internal Revenue Service March 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9755 in various locations throughout the state. obvious county board concern for a number colleges and universities in this country, The elderly and those on fixed incomes are of years. But the· board's major contribution and the armed forces surely can find schools not the only people being hurt. People who in the Janes-Provo years has been to reor­ which offer suitable courses without sub­ have leases are the most severely discrimi­ ganize and professionalize county govern­ sidizing institutions which otherwise don't nated against. This happens to be predomi­ ment-equipping it with the capabilities want any par.t of the military. nantly middle class apartment dwellers. necessary to shed its old custodial role, to ac­ The decisions to drop ROTC or bar recrui,t­ We feel that we are literally "banging our cept new responsibdUties and to concentrate ers were !orced, in most cases, by dissident heads against a s.tone wall" since our meeting on problem-solving during a. period in which student groups or faculty groups. Schools with Rent Advisory Board Executive Director suburban population and political power ex­ which buckled to those demands hardly are James Tanck only produced sympathy-and panded rapidly. appropriate places to send young officers for no changes. It is now up to you, our repre­ When Provo leaves the county board in advanced or specialized training at taxpayer sent atives, to try and do something. Perhaps September to become Hennepin County Dis­ expense. public hearings or other types of pressure trict Court administrator, most of the are in order to make the administration fully "Young Turks" will be gone. A few-Janes, aware of what they are doing to innocent Bill Frenzel-have moved to Washington; THE "WRONGS" COMMON CAUSF people. This fact is clear, it is morally wrong others-W·ayne Popham, John Yngve--have, IGNORES to limit a man's wages to 5.5 % and allow his like Provo, chosen to retire from elective of­ rents to skyrocket to as much as 45 %. fice. Replacing officials of such quality is not We need your help now. When Mr. Tanck easy. heard of t he large rent increases occurring Both political parties have turned up some HON. PHILIP M. CRANE in New Jersey he said, "there are always a men of similar caliber--county Commission­ OF ILLINOIS few horror stories." er Thomas Olson and Minneapolis Alderman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES John Cairns, for example, and state legis­ Please feel free to contact us should you Tuesday, March 21 , 1972 desire any further information. As of this lators Arne Carlson, Thomas Berg and Rob­ point t h e outlook is bleak and it is our sin­ ert Tennessen. Provo's resignation re-empha­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in consider­ cere hope that you can make the difference. sizes the need and the responsibility of the ing the problems facing the Nation, too We look forward to hearing from you in the parties, if they are to fulfill one of their major purposes, to offer more such candi­ many individuals and organizations tend near future. to see only those alleged "evils" which Very truly yours, dates to the voters. MARTIN ARANOW, tend to reinforce their own preconceived Presi dent. notions. Businessmen, accordingly, rarely see ANTIMILITARY COLLEGES the faults of businessmen, and labor TRIBUTE TO JACK PROVO leaders rarely see the faults of unions. Similarly, we do not depend upon Gov­ HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN ernment bureaucrats to tell us what is HON. BILL FRENZEL OF TENNESSEE wrong with the administration of Gov­ OF MINNESOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment agencies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 21, 1972 It would be expected, however, that an organization which holds itself out as Tuesday, March 21, 1972 Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, the coop­ one which seeks the public interest, Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, on Fri­ eration between the military and our in­ rather than the interest of a particular day, March 17, the Minneapolis Tribune stitutions of higher education has pro­ group, would concern itself with carried an editorial praising the govern­ duced the finest military omcers in the "wrongs" wherever they might be found. mental career of Hennepin County world. Recently, some of these institu­ Common Cause holds itself out as such Board Chairman Jack Provo. The occa­ tions have let their political feelings be an organization, yet it has proven very sion was Chairman Provo's retirement known by barring ROTC unit.c:; from their one-sided in its assessment of the Na­ from the Hennepin County Board. campuses. It seems that educators who tion's problems. The editorial correctly identifies Pro­ are supposed to instill the princi;>les of understanding and objectivity in our Two "wrongs" which Common Cause vo's major achievement which was pro­ has failed to identify, according to Ar­ viding Hennepin County, a jurisdiction youth are now violating those principles thur Krock, former Washington bureau of over 1 million people, with updated by letting their biases bt: known. chief of the New York Times, are: The editorial which I have inserted in capabilities which allow it to perform its 1. The monopolistic power of organized duties effectively, efficiently, and eeo­ the RECORD today makes an excellent labor, derived from a combination o! (a.) nomically. case for eliminating Defense Department legal immunities from acts, including "mus­ From the day he began his service on subsidies to schools which have lost their cular diplomacy," which would be illegal if the Hennepin County Board, Jack Pro­ objectivity toward the military. performed by any other group, and (b) the vo relentlessly pursued excellence in The editorial follows: gratitude of politicians to the unions for county government. The present struc­ [From the Knoxville News-Sentinel, Feb. 26, large contributions to their campaign ex­ 1972] penses through "educational committees." ture of Hennepin County government is 2. The callous exploitation of elementary­ testimony to Provo's effective work both ANTIMILITARY COLLEGES school children as pawns by vote-seeking in the legislature and among his fellow More than a dozen of the big colleges and politicia.ns a.nd fanatic reformers who are board members. universities have phased out military train­ racists in reverse. ing courses, or are in the process. The people of Hennepin County will Yet some of these schools, Harvard in par­ Common Cause has not seen fit to con­ miss Chairman Jack Provo's leadership. ticular, have continued to receive Federal cern itself with the excesses of union The Tribune editorial follows: funds for teaching officers of the armed power and the hypocrisy of enforced PROVO' s COUNTY BOARD TENURE . . . forces. school busing. School busing, opposed by Henn epin County Board Chairman Jack Rep. F. Edward Hebert, chairman of the more than 75 percent of the American Provo was not an original member of the House Armed Services Committee, has threat­ people, yet imposed upon them by bu­ Republican "Young Turks" who entered ened to push a special law to bar military reaucrats and the courts, seems of no Hennepin County politics in the early 1960's officers from colleges which hav J dropped to provide a decade of enlightened, progres­ ROTC or forbidden military recruiters on interest to an organization which alleges sive leadership in county and state govern­ campus. to be a "people's lobby." ment. But Provo fit this pattern when, after There already is a law of this type, but Mr. Krock points out that an organiza­ an intra-party fight for endorsement in 1964, some Pen'vagon officials have said they didn't tion which calls itself an ''ombudsman" he was elected a county commissioner on a think it applied across the board. for the people should speak out in behalf platform that stressed expansion of the role The Pentagon has Eaid it will send service­ of the deepest felt needs of the people, of county government. men "to the most appropriate graduate such as for safe streets. He notes that Since then, Provo has been an important school" despite Hebert's threat. part of the controlling board majority that In any event, Hebert is in the process of the public has a right to expect such an accomplished just such an expansion under using his formidable infiuence to prevent organization providing a courageous the chairmanship, earlier, of Robert Janes any service from sending omcers to institu­ voice against- and, sin ce 1969, of Provo himself. Build­ tions which have banned either ROTC or re­ The prevalent crimes of violence, and a de­ ings--the county Government Center and a crui~s. tailed denunciation of a. legal system which new General Hospital-have been the most As he points out, there are thousands o! tolerates the hideous crime of rape by allow- 9756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 ing the rapist almost to count on going un­ aligned with them, are uprooting small chil­ ties and events such as parades and dinners whipped of justice. dren from their neighborhoods, friends and for San Leandrans and their guests. families and sending them miles away by The philosophy of the Centennial is to Yet what are the reforms Common bus to areas from which other groups are bring San Leandrans together to enjoy each Cause urges-a "date certain" for with­ being transported to the home neighborhood other and their community, to work and play drawal from Vietnam and opposition to of the first. together and to remember San Leandro's his­ the SST. Mr. Krock concludes that- Yet all the Supreme Court has ruled so tory and its present as well. The Centennial If the Nation 1s to be "rebuilt," I do not far is that no state or sub-division may ex­ Committee also hopes to provide the city with find a likely bidder for the contract in the \Clude a child from an elementary school by a permanent souvenir of the celebration. This application Mr. Gardner ha.s entered for reason of his race. If a good school is near­ is the Casa. Peralta, which was purchased and Common Cause. by and the school of his choice is on the donated to the city by Mr. and Mrs. Jack other side of town, the Supreme Court thus Brooks. Now housing the Centennial staff, I wish to share Mr. Krock's article, far has not said the state or sub-division it will be a public property to be used for which appeared in the Washington Post must provide his transportation. cultural, youth, recreation and senior citizen of February 11, 1972, with my colleagues, But a diligent search of Mr. Gardner's ap­ activities, as well as for museum display pur­ and insert it into the RECORD at this time. peal for new Common Cause members dis­ poses. closes only this timid reference to a condi­ The Centennial is also planned as a way of The article follows: tion which is foremost among the things that rededicating ourselves to our city's future-to THE POWER OF ORGANIZED LABOR AND BUSING: are "wrong" with this country: "Your chil­ realize its prospects and opportunities and CERTAIN "WRONGS" WHICH COMMON CAUSE dren attend crowded schools." dedicate ourselves anew to working for them. IGNOREII In a document with such a high degree of The first pioneers came thousands of years (By Arthur Krock) self-asserted righteousness of self-anoint­ ago, in the great periodic migrations from Common Cause, described by its founder, ment as the ombudsman of the downtrodden, Asia to the American continent. They were John Gardner, as a people's lobby working the reader also has a right to expect what he Indian people, hunters and gatherers. These to "rebuild this nation ... heal [it) and will not find--even a trace of--.an extended shell-mound people lived on the San Leandro set it again on the path to greatness," has arraignment, and a courageous one, of the shoreline as early as 3000 years ago. They just issued over his signature an appeal for prevalent crimes of violence, and a detailed found a lush land, teeming with birds, game, new members. In four single-spaced type­ denunciation of a legal system which toler­ and shellfish, and they stayed. They were written pages of lofty prose, Mr. Gardner has ates the hideous crime of rape by allowing probably the ancestors of the Costanoan peo­ specified certain "wrongs" which Common the rapist almost to count on going un­ ple the Spaniards found when they explored Cause is "pushing" to correct. But conspic­ whipped of justice. Yet no violence com­ the area. 2800 years later. uously absent from these specifications, and mitted by one person on another is more de­ The Spanish called them Costanos, "coast hardly even to be inferred from a flood of grading to the victim than this desecration of people." Anthropologists used the term Cos­ generalizations, are two "wrongs" which bear a woman, or more capital a crime, justifying tanoan for the groups from the East Bay down more heavily on the people than the the extermination of the creatures who com­ and the Peninsula (including San Fran­ safe and routine few Mr. Gardner has cited mit it and making detailed identification of cisco) down the coast to Big Sur and Soledad as reforms that Common cause is "pushing." the suspect the duty of the press. who spoke languages from the same lan­ These two wrongs are: ( 1) The monop­ Instead Mr. Gardner's statement reports guage family. olistic power of organiZed labor, derived .that Common Cause is "pushing" reforms There was no division into tribes, the peo­ from a combination of (a) legal immunities that require no courage to do this political ple thought of themselves as belonging to from acts, including "muscular diplomacy,'' voting rights, "a date certain" for total With­ villages-rancherias as the Spanish called which would be illegal if performed by any drawal from Vietnam, no SST, tax favorit­ them. To locate these rancherias we have to other group, and (b) the gratitude of politi­ ism. rely on the records of the Spanish explorers cians to the unions for large contributions to If the nation is to be "rebuilt," I do not and missionaries, because almost all the their campaign expenses through "educa­ find a likely bidder for the contract in the rancherias had been destroyed or abandoned tional committees." (2) The callous exploita­ application Mr. Gardner has entered for Com­ before the Americans came. mon Cause. tion of elementary-school children as pawns While the Spanish explorers in 1772 and by vote-seeking politicians, and fanatic re­ 1776 never reported villages in Oakland or formers who are racists in reverse. San Leandro, the Indians may still have had The "labor movement," to which Mr. Gard­ CELEBRATE CENTENNIAL rancherias on the beach or in the redwoods. ner referred as one of those reforms which There was an Indian village on San Lorenzo "welled up out of the people" on the prompt­ Creek, and there were another four or five to ing of such citizens' organizations as Com­ HON. GEORGE P. MILLER the south on each creek between San Lorenzo mon Cause, began as a liberation of workers OF CALIFORNIA and Milpitas. They were of average size in from the brutal exploitation of employers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1772 and 1776, perhaps roughly 100 people But under legislative, judicial and executive in each. We do not know their names, al­ favoritism it has developed into an economic Tuesday, March 21, 1972 though one rancheria near Mission San Jose and political tyranny which subjugates the Mr. MTI..LER of California. Mr. Speak­ was named Oroison. general welfare to its own. In the process of The Indian way of life at San Leandro so-called collective bargaining national un­ er, the city of San Leandro, located in was in tune with nature. Before the white ions are armed unilaterally with the weapon Alameda County on the eastern shore men came, the Indians lived in houses made of strikes which, under the threat of para­ of San Francisco Bay is celebrating its of poles covered with tule matting. There was lyzing all communications and whole indus­ centennial. a temescal or sweathouse in every village, tries, confront management wit h the choice San Leandro is a viable community shaped like an inverted basket and covered of agreeing to contracts that feed the fires of with lovely homes and supported by an with mud. The people took sweatbaths daily, the inflation kindled by previous contracts, industrial complex in no way detracts which prevented several skin diseases. or shutting down their product ion. from the beauty of the city, and yet Women wore only short aprons, one in front When union strike funds are exhausted, and one in back, made of tule, deerskin, or the strikers can increase the burden on the helps to support its activities. fiber from bark. Their faces usually were taxpayers by going on welfare. If manage­ The mayor of San Leandro is the tattooed in lines or rows of dots. Men and ment attempts to continue production, the Honorable Jack Maltester who has been children went about naked, though in cold union involved in the dispute need only honored by his fellow mayors by being weather members of both sexes threw rabbit­ throw out a picket line to restrain the mem­ elected president of the National Con­ skin blankets over their shoulders. The hair bers of uninvolved unions from carrying out ference of Mayors and serving on several was left long but worn tied on the top of their contracts to remain on the job. And important government boards. the head with twine, apparently by both men this despite the fact that the striking union and women. Men often were bearded. may be shot through with corruption and its San Leandro is a good community in At the winter solstice a dance was held demands outrageous by any standard. which to live and work, and I am proud regularly at Mission San Jose by the Cos­ Yet no call for laws ending strikes which to have it as a part of the congressional tanoans. suspend national transportation is to be district I represent. THE EXPLORERS, THE MISSIONS, AND THE found in the statement of the aims of Com­ I want to join with San Leandrans in RANCHOS mon Cause. celebrating their lOOth birthday and, as Two centuries ago, in the early morning If any protest against conditions that a part of these remarks, include a brief of March 26, 1772, 16 men broke their camp are "wrong" has "welled up" strongly from history of the city: on the San Lorenzo Creek and crossed into the people, it is against the crazy-quilt pat­ what is now San Leandro. They were the tern of busing to effect a mathematical ra­ SAN LEANDRO Fages-Crespi expedition, and they were the cial balance in the public schools. The doc­ CENTENNIAL PHILOSOPHY first white men to explore San Leandro. trinaries, bolth the high-minded and the The Centennial has been p1anned as a. Captain Pedro Fages led the group, which mush-headed do-gooders, plus the merce­ community event. It includes activities rem­ included 12 soldiers, a muleteer, an Indian nary politicians and political judges who have iniscent of past celebrations and also activi- servant, and Father Juan Crespi, who per- March 22, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9757 formed religious services and kept a diary. EstudillO had married Juana Martinez in the area of the present Mulford Gardens. In the diary Crespi described San Leandro as (March 30, 1805 to November 8-14, 1879) on Mulford and Wicks remained and played part of a level plain with relatively few trees February 6, 1823, and they had 10 children major roles in the development of the large­ except in the creek. The land was good, by 1842 when Don Joaquin applied again for scale farming, shipping, and oyster industries though, and covered with wild grasses, herbs, his grant. The children were: Concepcion of San Leandro. and tules. The group did not apply a name (born 1825, wife of John B. Ward), Ramon to San Leandro or its creek. (born 1827), Gertrudis (born 1829), Antonio Four years later, on March 31, 1776, another (born 1830), Maria de Jesus (1831-1909, wife expedition, the Anza expedition, ca.mped on of William H. Davis), Vicente (1833-1893), OBSERVATIONS ABOUT OUR LEGAL San Lorenzo Creek and the next day explored Luis {born 1836), Magdalena (born circa 1842, SYSTEM San Leandro. Diaries were kept by both Cap­ wife of John Nugent), Dolores (born circa tain Juan Anza and Father Pedro Font. 1841, wife of Charles H. Cushing), and Jesus Father Font described San Leandro Creek on Maria ("Chumalia") Estudillo {born circa HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN April 1 as "an arroyo with little water but 1844, died 1910). Their stories are told in OF NEW YORK with a deep bed grown with cottonwoods, Shaffer's history and San Leandro Recollec­ live oaks, laurels and other trees ..." They tions, Centennial publications. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES saw four bears and reported them plentiful The Estudillos gave the Plaza and land for Tuesday, March 21, 1972 here, " ... for we saw several Indians badly the County Courthouse {Clarke and W. Estu­ scarred by bites and scratches of these ani­ dillo), for St. Leander's Church, and for sev­ Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, last mals." Evidently these Indians were seen in eral parks on San Leandro Boulevard (for­ December, a most significant message San Leandro. merly the ball park and the tennis courts) . was delivered by a public-spirited, dedi­ With the founding of Mission San Jose de Davis and Ward laid out the town of San cated American citizen. The contents of Guadalupe on June 11, 1797, the padres really Leandro on February 27, 1855, St. Leander's this address touched me so deeply that began to change the way of life at San Day. They drove around the county in a I feel, in view of the timeliness of this Leandro. Almost all the local Indians were buggy to get votes to move the county seat brought to the mission and converted to to San Leandro, and they built the Estud111o message, that it should be brought to the Christianity during the next 15 to 20 years. House. Ward built the first dam across San attention of the Members of this body. The majority lived in Indians huts around Leandro Creek to provide water, and it was I refer to the address of Harry Gold­ the mission (Mission San Jose). Their labor he who opened up Washington Avenue in smith before the annual president's built the mission, plowed the fields, and 1860 as a street to San Lorenzo. dinner of the Grand Jurors AssocLation tended the stock. This was a large job, be­ These are just a few of their activities that of Bronx County, N.Y. Mr. Goldsmith, cause the mission lands extended north to shaped the town. Magdalena, Maud, Sybil, the outgoing president of the associa­ San Leandro Creek. and Elsie avenues were named after the Nu­ tion, delivered a most inspiring and Many of the Indians became vaqueros, and gent family. Chumalia Estudillo (who usu­ forceful address in which he made cer­ San Leandro became a place for rounding up ally went by J. M. Estud11lo) was a town trus­ the northern stock, El Rodeo de San Leandro. tee and quite active in civic events. tain observations about our legal sys­ The name, after St. Leander (a Spanish Ygnacio Peralta owned all San Leandro tem-observations which, if translated bishop), may have occurred before Jose Joa­ north of the Creek (and Oakland to Church into action, would contribute immeasur­ quin Estudillo-the city's founder-arrived: Street and to 69th Avenue). This was his part ably to the fight against the rising crime or Estudillo may have been the first to use it, of the Rancho San Antonio grant {from San rate and the scourge of narcotics abuse. if St. Leander was his patron saint as Free­ Leandro to El Cerrito) that had been given I was particularly pleased to note that man once reported. to his father, Luis Maria Peralta, in 1820. It Mr. Goldsmith's colleagues in the Grand In 1834 the missions were secularized. was in 1842 that Don Luis rode up on the Jurors Association and his many friends That meant that the administration of the East Bay hills with his sons and divided the and admirers have honored this remark­ mission buildings, lands, and herds was grant among them. taken over by the Mexican government. Some We do not know the exact year Ygnacio able man many times before. He is, to be of the land and stock was given to the faith­ moved here, but he had built an adobe by sure, a very exceptional human being. ful Indians tending them in San Leandro and 1842 on San Leandro Creek (near the end of Harry came to the United States in elsewhere. Some of it was dispersed in the 105th Avenue in Oakland). He was across 1937, leaving the horrors of Nazi Ger­ form of land grants. In 1836 Estudillo the creek from the Estudillos in their first many behind him, and from that time brought 300 white heifers to San Leandro adobe. Ygnacio (April 3, 1791-May 9, 1874) on he has been an active participant in from Rancho Pinole ..nd established his and his wife, Rafaela (Sanchez) Peralta {born numerous civic and community projects. home here on the bank of San Leandro 1800), had 12 children: Marcia del Carmen This man is indefatigable, his vision Creek, about where Donovan Drive and (1819-1874), Jose Francisco {born 1820), Brookside Street now meet. On January 8 of Miguel Antonio (born 1825), Joaquin (1827- laudable, and his perseverance un­ the following year Estudillo filed for a grant 1869). Maria Ludovina Columba (1828- matched. As he has said many times "It of the Rodeo do San Leandro, between the 1917) Luis Maria (born 1831), Jose de Jesus has always been very easy for me to Arroyos of San Leandro Creek and San Lo­ (born 1833), Juan Bautista {born 1835), give-but very embarrassing for me to renzo Creek. After waiting for five years, Don Maria Antonia (1836-1926), Gabriel or Bart­ receive." This is the creed by which Joaquin realized his application must have ella (born 1839), Rafael (born 1840), and Harry Goldsmith lives and his friends been lost, and he filed a new one. Four one, possibly another Maria, who died young. and community are all the better for it. months later he received the grant, October Records of marriages of all but Joaquin, Luis 16, 1842. It included all the land between the Maria, Rafael, and the young Maria are in I know personally of Harry Gold­ two creeks from the hills to the Bay, except existence. smith's contributions to worthwhile the lands occupied and cultivated by In­ causes through his unrelenting efforts THE COMING OF THE AMERICANS-IMMIGRANTS dians. He called it Rancho San Leandro. 1850-1871 to find solutions to the problems of rirug When the Americans came, they bought or addiction, particularly as it affects ado­ squatted on what land the Indians had held San Leandro had only a handful of Amer­ ican settlers before 1850. One of the earliest lescents. Mr. Goldsmith served for sev­ on to. As the ranchos broke up, +:he Indians eral years as a member of the Lay gradually intermarried with the Mexican was William Heath Davis (1822-1909), who population and became indistinguishable came to California as a cabin boy on one of Board of Riverside Hospital, the only from it, especially since most had Spanish his father's ships from Hawaii as early as facility in the world at the time dedi­ names given them by the padres or ranche­ 1831. By 1838 he had advanced considerably cated solely to the treatment of preadult ros. No treaties or settlements ever were to supercargo, then became an owner of addicts. This institution was esta:Jlished made. The descendants of the Costanoans Yankee trading ships. He met his future wife by the city of New York nearly 20 years reconstructed themselves as the Ohlone In­ in 1842. He soon ran a merchandise store in ago under a State-enacted adolescent dian Tribe in 1971. San Francisco. He finally married Maria de Jesus Estudillo in 1847 and came to San civil commitment law which I was privi­ Life on the Estudillo Rancho was gracious, ledged to sponsor. For some while I pastoral, and unhurried. Don Joaquin made Leandro, where he lived with the Estudillos a good living from his rancho, and through for several years. served as chairman of that board and I the trade of hides and tallow with New Eng­ The second American son-in-law, John B. witnessed first-hand the trials, the frus­ land merchant ships was able to buy fine Ward, came to California during the Gold trations, the agonies of the addiction silks for his wife and daughters, casks of Rush in 1849 (though he had visited the problem which began to plague us dur­ brandy for entertaining, and may other coast as a cabin boy in 1840). He came to ing the 1950's. Mr. Goldsmith, despite things tl:at could not be produced here eas­ this area after a try at the mines, and the discouragements that would have ily. He had more than 100 Indian vaqueros married Concepcion Estudillo in November, dissuaded a lesser man, became even and servants at one time. There was time for 1851. In late 1849 Thomas W. Mulford, Moses roundups: dances: meriendas (picnics); Wicks, A. R. Biggs, E. Minor Smith, and W. C. more determined, even more relentless bullfights; and visits to relatives in the East Smith, all of whom had come during the in his efforts to find the answers, and has Bay, San Francisco, and Monterey. Life was Gold Rush, crossed the Bay in a whaleboat been devoting every spare moment to­ good. and settled as duck hunters and squatters ward that end. 9758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 That is why I was so pleased with the We are all frustrated in our efforts to break ANTHONY HENNINGER recognition accorded Harry Goldsmith the cycle of crime and injustice. We muSit, by the Bronx Grand Jurors. That is why however, continue our pursuit to find some his words-so sincere, so genuine­ answers to these horrendous problems. I sug­ HON. JAMES M. HANLEY gest that all of us, both in our public and OF NEW YORK mean so much. private capacities, be first and foremost, citi­ Mr. Goldsmith's speech on the evening zens of courage, determination and deep con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of December 2 was guided by his usual viction. We must be ready to struggle for Tuesday, March 21, 1972 inspiration and ability to see things as honest and just values, regardless of the consequenc·es. We must not yield to com­ Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, the role of they really are. I would, at this time, a mayor in any of our American cities is like to share with my colleagues his munity pressure nor become instruments of political power groups. indeed challenging and demanding. And, speech of December 2 so that they After sitting for years on the Grand Jury, thank God, many of our more courageous might learn of this warm and dedicated I have made certain observations, which I citizens choose to ''bite the bullet," and communty leader and reflect on his would like to share wtth you. offer their talent, time, and dedication thoughts. 1. Innocent victims of crimes should en­ to the electorate as candidates for mayor The speech follows: joy the same constitutional rights and priv­ ileges that are given to the perpetr!lltors. of their respective cities. If the majority THE GRAND JURORS ASSOCIATION, OF BRONX 2. We need a uniform Federal gun law, of the people are convinced of the candi­ COUNTY, ANNUAL PRESIDENT'S DINNER, DEC. dates superior qualification, he is elected 2, 1971 which would prohibit the sale of guns. Every time there has been a homicide, the per­ and as such assumes great challenge and Reverend Clergy, Distinguished Guests and petrator has had easy access to a weapon. responsibility. Friends: Mr. Chairman, Judge Dollinger, 3. The Sullivan law should be rigidly en­ thank you very much for your kind words. I am sad to say that a man who met forced. that challenge, a close friend of mine, It is with sL."lcerest gratitude that I accept 4. There seems to be an indiscriminate and this gift from the Grand Jurors Association. flagrant amount of bail jumping. Bail should died last Friday. He had spent his twi­ It has always been very easy for me to give­ be set to guarantee the appearance of the light years in retirement after rendering but very embarrassing for me to receive. It is defendant in court. great service to his community. almost painful for me to answer when I am 5. Bail should be revoked if a person is I refer to the Honorable Anthony Hen­ being pl'aised and I am the recipient of a arrested for a felony while awaiting trial on ninger who served the city of Syracuse, wonderful award presented on behalf of an another charge. elite group of citizens-by a friend, one of N.Y., in truly exemplary fashion through 6. Bail should be denied if a person who is the years 1957 to 1961. Mr. Henninger the outstanding jurists in our community. arrested for committing a felony has in his My f·amily and I accept this gTeat token of possession a shot gun, sawed-off shot gun, or passed away on March 17, and his recognition with the deepest humility and a machine gun. absence creates a real vacuum in my appreciation of the spirit in which it was 7; In felony narcotic cases, bail should be home community and certainly in the presented. denied. life of his wonderful wife, Susan, to In 1937 this country opened it! door and 8. More emphasis should be placed upon whom I express my deep sympathy. gave me the opportunity to become a citizen, the prevention of crime and upon the super­ Mr. Henninger's life style is probably raise a wonderful family and blessed me with vised parole and probation, rather than upon many loyal friends. During the first few years best expressed in the content of the fol­ long jail sentences. To accomplish this, we lowing articles: in this country I learned what the words need more qualified probation, parole and poverty and desperation meant, but with warrant officers. HE ENRICHED SYRACUSE hard work and some luck, I overcame these 9. Justice should be meted out in such a (By Joseph V. Ganley) obstacles. Having fled from the injustices, way as to have the greatest effect upon the (Joseph V. Ganley who covers the Washing­ prejudices and ravages of a Nazi Fascist ideol­ defendant. His appearance in court must not ton scene for The Herald-Journal, Herald­ ogy, I dedicated myself to the struggle for become a revolving C!loor. American, was city hall reporter in Syracuse safeguarding our sacred democratic princi­ 10. Corroboration should not be necessary for many years. Here he reminisces about An­ ples, which have provided equality and jus­ on a rape indictment, especially when chil­ thony A. Henninger, a mayor he came to tice for all our citizens. dren are the victims. know well in official and social circles and on I have chosen to be active in the fight 11. The facilities and the staff of the the golf course as well.) against drug abuse and have devoted · my courts, and the D.A.'s office should be en­ Former Mayor Anthony A. Henninger, who time to the Grand Jury system, which is larged to meet the ever increasing volume of died yesterday in Crouse-Irving Memorial pledged to the promotion of justice, and is cases. Hospital, came to Syracuse 50 years ago to one of the finest instruments in protecting 12. The fee of the Grand Juror should be shop for a transmission plant. He acquired an the innocent. It encourages civic participa­ sufficient so that no person who has the abil­ operation on Plum St., which later became tion by the people. It enables the community ity and desire to serve shall be denied the the New Process Gear Co., and stayed to make to temper justice with mercy. right for reasons of financial hardship. Syracuse his home. Those of you who have served on the Ladles and gentlemen, distinguished guests, There is no doubt that the community has Grand Jury know the feeling of disappoint­ you provide the hope to all New Yorkers who been a better place for his staying. ment and hopelessness, after spending weeks seek peace in their homes and safety in the "Tony" Henninger was 80 at his death, listening to case after case. However, we must streets. I hope that you will use your influ­ but until his recent illness, he was one of the not be discouraged, but continue to use the ence, when appropriation bills are being con­ youngest men in town. Grand Jury system to see justice done, be­ sidered, both in the State Legislature and The results of that original purchase may cause the delay of justice is injustice. in the Congress, so that we can implement be seen out on Fly Road where the modern We are fortunate in Bronx County to have some of these ideas and improve all services. New Process Gear plan'!; operated by Chrysler a human dynamo, a vigorous, energetic and Corp. is a testament to Mr. Henninger's in­ forceful District Attorney, Burt Roberts, who Let us all recognize that law leads to free­ dom and lawlessness to servitude. We are dustrial stewardship. is capably assisted by a brilliant, loyal and He served the city as mayor from 1958 devoted staff. living on borrowed time, and the need !or through 1961 and the accomplishments of We have in our county, under the out­ action is acute. Rousseau said "to live is not those years are all around us. Henninger High standing command of Chief Anger and In­ merely to breathe-it is to act". School on the East Side, named after him; spector Courtenay, the finest and most effi­ I hope the father of all mankind will guide Corcoran High on the West Side, named after cient police force in all of the boroughs. We us in these troubled times so that we can another mayor, Thomas J. Corcoran; a couple also have compassionate judges who are re­ cope with the many problems sweeping our of junior high schools, two or three ele­ spected for their fairness, impartiality, and community. Let us show compassion and un­ mentary schools, the new airport at Hancock who sit for many a long day in judgment un­ derstanding for those less fortunate than we Field and the Lake Ontario water system, to der extremely trying circumstances. are. Let us not talk brotherhood-let us be name the major ones. If we, ladies and gentlemen, analyze the brothers. May life, liberty and the pursuit of His public philanthropy is known. What is phrase-"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness be once again the touchstone for not so visible is the "secret" side of Tony happiness," we know, based upon our dally every member of our community. Henninger-the side that dispensed financial experience with the Grand Jury-that life is May I share with you a short story that aid to scores of young men for college educa­ cheap in the streets of Bronx County; that tion, and to old employes when they were in liberty does not exist for many of our citi­ sums up my sentiment? need. zens, locked in their homes behind gates, There was an ancient philosopher who was Anthony Hanninger's was a unique, many­ after dark (and especially for many of our challenged by a young man: "Tell me, old sided personality. A strong character, carry­ senior citizens who are involuntary prisoners man, is the bird in the hand behind my ing an imposing physical presence, he never afraid to walk the streets of our once safe back dead or alive?" And the man of wisdom lost his respect !or his associates in those borough). And-there is little happiness for replied, "The answer lies in your hand". early days in the automotive business in those who want to enjoy the fruit of their Ladies and gentlemen-the answer lies in Muncie, Ind., his birthplace, Toledo, Ohio, labor. our hands. and Detroit. March 22, 197fJ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9759 Two of them, the famous Walter P. Chrys­ "He was an industrialist of imagination of the out of doors. Its motto reflects the ler and W. C. Durant, were never anything and success. He was a champion for educa­ Camp Fire Girls' worthy goals: "Worship but "Mister" Chrysler and "Mister" Durant tion and a promoter of the best in competi­ God, seek beauty, give service, pursue to Tony. tive sports. He demonstrated that govern­ Many anecdotes could be told about Tony­ ment for and by the people works. He cru­ knowledge, be trustworthy, hold on to he was one of the most generous persons saded for community health and cultural health, glorify work, be happy.'' around, yet would save pencil stubs and enrichment. To everything he touched he At this time, we celebrate the anniver­ hated to lose a golf ball. He gave his $20,000 gave generously of his resources, time, en­ sary of the founding of Camp Fire Girls salary quadrupled to charity when he ran ergy, skill and wealth. But over-arching all by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. Over three city hall, yet he made a federal case out of he did and was, Anthony knew himself to generations, this organization has con­ saving soap and toilet tissue. be a child of God. There was no necessity to tinued to grow and to have a positive in­ Few know that in his early days in Muncie, translate his faith into words; his daily life­ he peddled papers to earn money for his style exhibited that the heart of Christi­ fluence on the daily lives of its members. keep, and played piano and booked dance anity was the Sermon on the Mount and the Our Nation has benefited from the good bands during his early youth. He played semi­ Golden Rule. citizenship qualities exemplified by the pro baseball and loved the game all his life. "If ever the city of Syracuse shall raise dedicated leaders of the Camp Fire Girls. He was a Yankee fan-he loved a winner. up "a man for all seasons" must it not It was Dr. Gulick's conviction that be­ There was nothing dull about Tony Hen­ be for this faithful husband, courageous cause adolescence is such a critical pe­ ninger. Another unique character, the late leader, generous benefactor, trusted friend riod in the lives of young people, and Alexander F. "Casey" Jones caught the and mentor in the ways and will of God, because women are playing an increas­ "flavor" of the mayor in an editorial in 1961 Anthony A. Henninger?" said Mr. Pusey. when Henninger was leaving city hall: ingly important role in all aspects of "If he pauses to look back on that old pile ANTHONY A. HENNINGER society, an organization such as Camp of drab colored stone, he will chuckle to him­ For almost 50 years, the name of Anthony Fire Girls is needed to provide young self and murmer: 'There was never a dull A. Henninger has been in the forefront of women an opportunity to develop to their moment. Nice to have known you.'" scores of movements to help make Syracuse full potential as community leaders and It was nice to have known you, too, Tony. a better community in which to live. good citizens. And, with your beloved wife, Susan, we'll miss The passing yesterday of the handsome, We are very grateful that Dr. Gulick you. white-haired former mayor marked the end was so successful in establishing such a of a career in which Tony Henninger be­ program. For this reason, it gives me ANTH )NY HENNINGER CITED AS "MAN FOR ALL came known as an enlightened industriali&t pleasure to salute the Camp Fire Girls­ SEASONS" at the helm of the old New Process Gear (By Ramona B. Bowden) an organization that abounds in re­ plant, as an enthusiastic backer of baseball sourcefulness, energy, and imagination­ A concelebrated Mass of Resurrection was whose generosity and hard work helped conducted yesterday in St. John the Evan­ bring Triple A competition back to Mac­ on this important anniversary. gelist Roman Catholic Church for Anthony Arthur Stadium, as a benefactor and Regent A. Henninger who died Friday. of LeMoyne College, and as a hard working Attending were leaders in the industrial, mayor who gave the city strong leadership. SEARCHING FOR CAUSE AND CURE business, educational and sports world as It became a by-word that when Tony well as former mayors, members of the judi­ Henninger got behind a good project, it was OF COOLEY'S ANEMIA ciary, representatives of state and local gov­ bound to succeed. His enthusiasm inspired ernment. With many friends and a long many others to join with him, and his public HON . .ROBERT N. GIAIMO list of honorary bearers, they filled the large gifts to LeMoyne College, Syracuse Univer­ church to near c8ipacity. sity, to his church and to all good causes OF CONNECTICUT In the prflsence of the Most Rev. David F. won him the admirntion of thousands. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Less than five years ago he, a devout Cunningham, bishop of the diocese, who Tuesday, March 21, 1972 offered the final prayers and gave the ab­ catholic, and Mrs. Henninger, a Presbyterian, solution, the Mass was concelebrated by the contributed $80,000 to purchase a chancel Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, the mEdi­ Rev. Msgr. Edgar M. Holihan, pastor, with organ for Park Central Presbyterian Church cal research community searching for the Very Rev. William L. Reilly, S.J., presi­ as a memorial to their son, Robert Anthony the cause and cure of Cooley's anemia is dent of LeMoyne College, and the Rev. Rob­ Henninger. large and growing, but desperately in ert F. Grewen, S.J., former president of Syracuse University conferred on him in LeMoyne. Assisting were Msgr. Richard 1951 its highest award, an honorary doctor need of Federal financial support. Clark, Msgr. A. Robert Casey, the Rev. of laws degree. LeMoyne College, where he Federal support would earmark Charles Fahey, and the Rev. Francis J. Pier­ had established the Anthony A. Henninger Cooley's anemia as a particular priority son. Scholarship Fund, gave him its Salterrae for intra- and extra-mural programs of In his eulogy, Monsignor Holihan said, (Salt of the Earth) medal in 1968 in recog­ the National Institutes of Health, and "With the idea of death, our world today nition of 20 years of service as a charter continued support of the clinioal re­ seems to be involved with the finality of member of its Board of Regents and former search program of NIH will provide the leaving here a question mark. But Christi­ chairman of its board. He was pleased when the new East Side sUJbsidies to research facilities necessary anity gives the answer. We know what it to support study and service for patients says, but we do not believe it. But Christ high school near Teall Avenue was desig­ means exactly what He says 'I am the Resur­ nated the Anthony A. Henninger High with this and other mysterious but wide­ rection, I am the life. . .' " School as one of five schools begun during spread diseases. "Every individual here was born into this his administration. At thwt time, then-Mayor The high quality of existing medical life as a pilgrim to pass through in the William F. Walsh noted, "Nobody has been research in this field-demonstrating the companionship of man and with God, so more dedicated to the children of this city existence of a base of knowledge nearly that God will call him to eternal companion­ than he." ripe for practical application-has been ship with Himself. The whole purpose of cre­ When a member of the school's first grad­ shown in reviews of work on Cooley's ation is to do the best we can to the glory uating class presented Mr. Henninger a Class of God and the good of souls including our of 1965 ring, the former mayor mused, "The anemia in the medical literature. own," said the priest. last time I received a ring was when I was In 1966 and now on the March 16, 1972, "When you have a magnanimous spirit married. I don't mind being married to Hen­ issues of the Nerw England Journal of like Mr. Henninger and know we have var­ ninger High School." Medicine, for example, review is made ious shades of generosity, we see the ex­ of research into the basic genetic and ample of one who is leaving us and going to physiological causes of Cooley's anemia. God. We've seen the example, the courage, CAMP FIRE GIRLS In 1964 and again in 1969 the New the success, the concern for others, and we York Academy of Sciences and the see ourselves as little people with small awareness of others," he said. Cooley's Anemia Blood and Research "Mrs. Henninger, priests, ministers, fam­ HON. ELLA T. GRASSO Foundation for Children jointly spon­ ily and all your friends, we offer you our OF CONNECTICUT sored symposia on the problems of deepest sympathy, our continual prayers for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cooley's anemia, resulting in the collec­ his eternal rest and our prayers for com­ tion and publication of research papers fort and strength for yourself," said Mon­ Tuesday, March 21, 1972 totaling over 1,300 pages. signor Holihan. Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, during the Much basic research has been done, In deference to Mrs. Henninger who is a member of Park Central Presbyterian past 62 years, 4 million American women therefore, with little or no Federal help. Church, the pastor, the Rev. Bradford N. have participated in the Camp Fire Girls. It is well known, however, that particu­ Pusey, gave his tribute to Mr. Henninger The organization's emblem is, of course, lar areas of medical research blossom. who had been a generous benefactor to a campfire, which symbolizes both the when Federal direction and support are Park Church: warmth of comradeship and the spirit given; researchers in basic areas are 9760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1972 more able to direct their studies to prac­ inally, a 5-year phaseout period for iting one or more of them this year. With tical ends, the clinical or a.pplied part of preferential admissions had been con­ signs of spring all around us, it is a mes­ medical research is enhanced within the sidered. sage well worth heeding. institutions and organizations that con­ However, when this legislation became The text of the anniversary ad follows: duct sophisticated medical research, re­ law, the final transition period for re­ PEOPLE LAUGHED AT JOHN COLTER-HE sults are more ea.sily disseminated within moving the backlog of preferential re­ CLAIMED To HAVE SEEN GREAT SPOUTING the scientific community, avoiding dupli­ quests amounted to only 3 years. As a GEYSERS NEAR THE YELLOWSTONE, NATUR­ cative work, and the work stimulated result, of all the countries of Europe, ALLY, NOBODY BELIEVED IT IN 1807 and supported by private foundations or only Italy still retains a significant back­ John Colter wasn't looking for geysers. He general purpose research grants is log of fifth preference requests for visas. was looking for beaver pelt. Having left the Lewis and Clark expedition, he was on his brought to its fullest scientific and prac­ Italian-Americans still wait for their own, and a man has to make a living. tical fruition. brothers and sisters to join them in Somehow, on his trapping jaunts, he Cooley's anemia is not unknown to America. They still wait for the joy of happened upon the bubbling potholes, cra­ medical research, Mr. Speaker, quite the seeing their brothers and sisters arrive ters, and geysers near the headwaters of the opposite, but the practical help available to begin a new life. Yellowstone. But nobody believed his stoxy to the physician or pediatrician who The passage of H.R. 9615 will alleviate (any more than they believed Jim Bridger deals with Cooley's anemia is pitifully most of this backlog. Italy will receive 20 years later). After all, weren't frontiers­ men noted for telling tall tales? small. It is time to give national direc­ over 28,000 of the nearly 40,000 addi­ In fact, it was not until 187Q--63 years tion and support for this work, so that tional visas created for the four-year after Colter's first sighting-that a survey the patients and families affected by life of this act. Families will be reunited. party out of Montana verified, in spite of Cooley's anemia will benefit from the The long wait will then be over. Happi­ their own previous disbelief, that the phe­ best our Nation's scientific and medical ness and love will pour from grateful nomena of "Colter's Hell" actually existed. community has to offer. hearts. Suddenly those unbelievable geysers had In addition, the amendments of 1965 become reality-and the whole magnificence resulted in a type of reverse discrimina­ of Yellowstone a nation's opportunity. tion, as epitomized in the sharp curtail­ TODAY IS AN IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARY H.R. 9615-IMMIGRATION VISAS ment of immigration from Northern Just 100 years ago this very day, on Europe. Prospective immigrants from March 1, 1872, an Act was signed into law by Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany President Grant, setting aside two million HON. ELLA T. GRASSO acres of Yellowstone's splendor as a "pleas­ OF CONNECTICUT have been unable to qualify under the uring ground for the benefit and enjoyment new preference system. The new legis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the people." lation passed by the House would help This was the world's first national park; Tuesday, March 21, 1972 remove this distinct disadvantage the first time in history that a superlative Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, the pas­ through the formula of granting special natural resource had been set aside for purely sage by the House of H.R. 9615 is a wel­ visas to certain countries. Under the aesthetic, emotional, and non-material satis­ provisions of this legislation, Great factions as a national park. Truly an environ­ come event in the lives of so many men tal milestone. people. This bill creates additional immi­ Britain and Germany would receive the And what an amazing chain reaction it gration visas for a period of 4 years. It maximum total of 7500 visas annually. started. will do much to con·ect some of the in­ Ireland would receive 4096, while Poland Since 1872, our National Parks have grown justices which resulted from the trans­ would be entitled to 2970 visas annually to include nearly 300 areas of natural, cul­ formation of the immigration program for 4 years. tural, and historical significance in the from an earlier system based on na­ Mr. Speaker, the last vestiges of American heritage. And vast new tracts of tional origin quotas to the present one inequitable and discriminatory immi­ wilderness and reaction land are being added gration system of the pa.st must be re­ through a program which President Nixon of "first come, first served." has caUed The Legacy of the Parks. It was not so long ago that the system moved. I was pleased to give my support to this legislation which passed the The national park concept is also one of of national origin quotas led to the part­ our most successful "exports." More than 100 ing and long separation of families. House, and hope that it will receive quick nations have been inspired by our example While one member of the family might and favorable consideration in the Sen­ to establish over 1,200 national parks and re­ be able to come to America, others ate. serves of their own. would be left at the docks-waiting for Think how all of these priceless treasures an opening in the restrictive quota sys­ will be valued 100 years from now, just as tem. Years would go by with fathers liv­ THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF OUR we value our Yellowstone today. ing far from sons; with sisters separated NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM WE'RE ALL INVITED TO THE BIRTHDAY PARTY from brothers. Each year the list of re­ President Nixon has invited all of us in quests for visas would grow; each year HON. GERALD R. FORD America, and all our good friends beyond only a certain number from any one our borders, to join in celebrating the 100th OF MICHIGAN birthday of our National Parks. country would be granted. No provision IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the old law would allow the unused The invitation is issued in the form of a Tuesday, March 21, 1972 Presidential Proclamation, designating 1972 visas of one country to be transferred as National Park Centennial Year. to those in another country. Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, So how does one participate? The Immigration and Nationality Act this month marks the 100th anniversary The folks at Sunset Magazine and Books, Amendments of 1965 eliminated the na­ of our National Park system, which be­ being by nature do-it-yourself advocates, tional origins quota system and provided gan with the creation of Yellowstone Na­ think the best way to celebrate this national for a certain period of transition to tional Park in legislation enacted by the birthday party is to go and visit a National eliminate some of the backlog of previ­ Park. Or, better still, several. Congress and signed by President U. S. It's the kind of party in which the guests ous visa requests. Grant. Yellowstone was not only the first have all the fun. But even this welcome legislation had National Park in the United States, but Why don'.t you go? You won't have to its flaws. The case of the. present fifth the first such wilderness recreational travel far, 1f you don't wish to, because these preference immigrant-the brothers area set aside by any nation for the ben­ shrines of heritage are all around us. Or, if and sisters of U.S. citizens--provides a efit of future generations, and it set an you're wllling to journey at bit further, visit prime example. When the old law was environmental example for the world a one of the fabled places you've heard about repealed, 158,696 individuals fit under full century ago. all your life, but have just been putting off this category. Because the terms of the In an unusual full-page public service until "someday." It's a wonderful we.y for families to ex­ old law were overly restrictive to South­ advertisement in the March 1 edition of plore the richness of their country together. ern Europeans, Italy had the largest the Wall Street Journal, Sunset maga­ While some parks are heavily populated on oversubscription. Its 114,717 registrants zine and Books of Menlo Park, Calif., big holiday week-ends, their reasonably long were more than two and a half times as tells the story of the inception of our seasons afford you plenty of other time large as the registrants of all the other National Park system and urges Ameri­ choices. (Several parks have all-year accom­ countries of the world combined. Orig- cans to celebrate t.h~ centennial by vis- modations and camping facilities.) March 23, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9761

Some of your most rewarding experiences, WHY IS SUNSET SO INTERESTED? issue of Sunset Magazine had a National by the way, wUI be the explorations you can Sunset Magazine and Books are part and Park, Yosemite, as its feature article. make on foot, away from roads and beaten Since then, literally thousands of pages paths. parcel of Western America, where, by good in Sunset publications have been devoted to Hopefully, your visits will inspire you, as fortune, nature has located a vast number helping people derive enjoyment from their it has us at Sunset, to support the addition of the most spectacular areas in the Nation­ National Park experiences. of more such worth while areas. To meet the al Park System. Why is Sunset so interested? Because we expanding needs for human enrichment in From Alaska's Mount McKinley to New believe that the existence and influence of the next century of parks, millions of Amer­ Mexico's Carlsbad Caverns, Colorado's Rocky National Parks are among the most pre­ icans and their government representatives Mountain to Hawaii's Haleakala, we West­ cious of American legacies-and that the must make an all-out commitment to work erners are blessed with an abundance of Na­ dedicated people of the National Park Service together for more parks and wilderness tional Parks. make a matchless contribution to world areas. Because travel and exploration are im­ communion. portant aspects of Sunset's service to its That is why we invite you to share in And, if, perchance, you find yourself where cherishing, preserving, and enjoying these it all began at Yellowstone, just quietly tip readers, our editors have become recognized wonderful manifestations of man's best wis­ your hat to the same patriarchal geyser John authorities on the lore of National Park dom. Colter saw, and say, "Happy Birthday, Old areas in Western America. And why we have sponsored this anniver­ Faithful." This goes back to 1898, when the maiden sary day message.

HOUSE OF REPRESEN·TATIVE.S-Thursday, March 23, 1972 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. S. 3166. An act to amend the Small Busi­ The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 351 The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, ness Act. Members have answered to their names, D.D., offered the following prayer: The message also announced that the a quorum. Our help is in the name of the Lord, Vice President, pursuant to Public Law By unanimous consent, further pro­ who made heaven and earth.-Psalms 84-1028, appointed Mr. HATFIELD as a ceedings under the call were dispensed 124: 8. member of the Board of Visitors to the with. Our Father God, who art the life with­ U.S. Military Academy in lieu of Mr. in our souls, the law within our minds, YouNG, excused. PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON and the love which warms our hearts RULES TO FILE CERTAIN PRIV­ direct us with Thy most gracious favo~ EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN ILEGED REPORTS UNTIL MID­ and further us with Thy continual help NIGHT TOMORROW (Mrs. GRIFFITHS asked and was that this day may be a great day because Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Thou art with us and we are with Thee. given permission to address the House for 1 minute.) unanimous consent that the Committee In the haste and hurry of a swiftly on Rules may have until midnight to­ moving age may we be strengthened by Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, not only do I want thank all of you and morrow night to file certain privileged Thy spirit to live by the light of love, to reports. to walk in wise ways and to serve our all of the Senate for this day, making it possible for women to be considered as The SPEAKER. Is there objection to country faithfully with high honor. the request of the gentleman from Mis­ Most heartily do we pray that Thou human beings under the Constitution, but also I wear these flowers today to sissippi? wilt bless our President, our Speaker, There was no objection. and Members of Congress. Grant unto celebrate the fact that Hawaii is the first them courage, faith, and wisdom, and so State to ratify the equal rights amend- rule their hearts and direct their en­ ment. " FORTY-FOUR DAYS AND STILL NO deavors that justice, peace, and good WORD FROM PRESIDENT NIXON will may everywhere begin to prevail: To CALL OF THE HOUSE ON TAX REFORM the honor and glory of Thy holy name. Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker. I make the (Mr. SEIDERLING asked and was Amen. point of order that a quorum is not given permission to address the House present. for 1 minute and to revise and extend his THE JOURNAL The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum ls remarks.) The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ not present. Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, 44 ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I move a days ago our esteemed colleague and ceedings and announces to the House his call of the House. chairman of the House Ways and Means approval thereof. A call of the House was ordered. Committee, WILBUR MILLS, wrote to Without objection, the Journal stands The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ President Nixon requesting him to sub­ approved. lowing Members failed to answer to their mit to the Congress a plan for tax reform. There was no objection. names: The chairman asked that the President [Roll No. 88] submit his proposals by March 15 in Abourezk Eckardt Murphy, N.Y. order for Congress to have time to act on MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Alexander Edwards, La. Nelsen them in this session. It is March 23, and Anderson, Ill. Eshleman O'Hara nothing has emerged from the Nixon A message from the Senate by Mr. Ashbrook Foley Pelly Arrington, one of its clerks, announced Ashley Ford, Pryor, Ark. administration except silence. that the Senate had passed without Badillo William D. Pucinski Perhaps this silence is an indication Baring Forsythe Rangel that the administration believes the is­ amendment a joint resolution of the Belcher Fulton Rees House of the following titles: Brooks Fuqua. Riegle sue of income tax reform is a passing H.J. Res. 208. Joint resolution proposing Buchanan Galifianakis Rosenthal fad, drummed up by the media. It is not. an amendment to the Constitution of the Camp Gallagher Rostenkowski When it is public knowledge that because Carey, N.Y. Gaydos Saylor of special tax loopholes more than 1,300 United States relative to equal rights for Celler Gray Scheuer men and women. Chamberlain Hagan Shoup people with incomes in excess of $50,000 Chappell Halpern Springer paid no taxes in 1970, the issue of tax The message also announced that the Chisholm Hastings Staggers reform will not go away. When the public Senate had passed bills of the following Clark Hawkins Stanton, titles, in which the concurrence of the Clay Hebert James V. knows that because of the oil depletion Collins, Ill. Hull Stokes allowance, our 19 largest oil corporations House is requested: Conyers Johnson, Pa. Stubblefield pay a smaller percentage of their com­ S. 1426. An act to establish the Van Buren Davis, Wis. Jones, N.C. Teague, Calif. Historic Site at Kinderhook, N.Y., and for de la Garza Kemp Teague, Tex. bined net earnings in taxes-less than 9 other purposes; Dellums Kyros Wampler percent of $9 billion in 1970-than the S. 3129. An act to authorize the establish­ Dent Landrum Yates worker who earns $9,000 a year, the issue Diggs McKinney Yatron of tax reform will not go away. When ment of the Longfellow National Historic Site Dorn Metcalfe Zablocki in Cambridge, Mass., and for other purposes; Dowdy Mikva. our largest steel firm, with net earnings and Dwyer Mitchell of $154 million, can boast in a report to