DOCSLIB.ORG

{Replace with the Title of Your Dissertation}

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
{Replace with the Title of Your Dissertation} Engineering Light-Energy Conversion into Nonphotosynthetic Hosts A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Ilya Tikh IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Claudia Schmidt-Dannert December 2013 © Ilya Tikh 2013 Acknowledgements First, I must thank Claudia for her guidance and patience over the years it took me figure out how to be a good scientist. Thank you for being a supportive mentor and not discarding some of my crazier ideas. I want to also thank all of the members of the Schmidt-Dannert lab, past and present, who have helped and supported me over the years. I am especially grateful to Ethan and Maureen, as both of you have shown tremendous patience with me and ultimately helped me to become the scientist I am today. I want to thank everyone in BTI for your thoughtful discussions and not minding occasional reagent borrowing. I am grateful to my chair, Dr. Michael Sadowsky and my committee members; Dr. Burckhard Seelig, Dr. Jeff Gralnick and Dr. Do-Hyung Kim for their guidance over the years. I was fortunate to start graduate school with some amazing peers who have become family over the years. Thank you for being there, good times and bad, Val, Lauren, Zach, Joel, Aaron and Eu Han. I want to thank Joni being patient with me and my continuisly evolving graduation timelines. Finally, I want to thank my family for their continuous and unwavering support over the last six years and for not asking me when I would graduate, too frequently. i Dedication To my grandparents ii Abstract Over billions of years photosynthetic organisms have refined the molecular machinery required for the capture and conversion of light into chemical energy. To date, much research has been devoted into harnessing this unique trait from photosynthetic organisms and utilizing them for ecologically clean production of valuable resources, such as alternatives to fossil fuels or commodity chemicals. Unfortunately, photosynthetic organisms are not always ideal host for the production of desired chemicals and are frequently difficult to engineer. In order to bypass those hurdles, this work focused on introducing the machinery responsible for the light-energy conversion into a nonphotosynthetic host. The supplementation of a heterologous host with the energy captured via the light-energy conversion could alleviate some of the host’s metabolic burden and allow for greater yields of desired compounds. In order to achieve our goals, we set out to engineer functional expression of the bacterial reaction center from R. sphaeroides as well as the enzymes required for the production of bacteriochlorophyll into E. coli. For the first time we were able to demonstrate the expression of the reaction center complex as well as its primarily polar localization with E. coli cells. Furthermore, we characterized two previously poorly understood enzymes involved in the production bacteriochlorophyll, the 8-vinyl reductase (BciA) and the Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase (BchE). In the case of BciA, we showed that unexpectedly the BciA from R. sphaeroides was not functional when expressed in E. coli, unlike the BciA from C. tepidum. At the beginning of this work, BchE was the only enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll that has iii not been heterologously expressed and had no published biochemical or biophysical data. Through our efforts, we were able to demonstrate that BchE contained an oxygen sensitive 4Fe-4S cluster able to interact with SAM, the predicted co-factor. Additionally, for the first time, we showed the interaction of BchE with several intermediates of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic pathways. Complementary to our efforts, we also produced a set of protein expression vectors for use in R. sphaeroides. R. sphaeroides is a photosynthetic organism which has been used extensively for the production of value added compounds and has the potential to be used for the production of membrane proteins. The novel vectors are BioBrickTM compatible and contain DsRed as a reporter protein driven by the photosynthetic puf promoter. We demonstrated that by selecting which section of the promoter was utilized in combination with various culture conditions, final reporter levels could be modulated. Reporter levels ranged from virtually undetectable to higher than what is present in E. coli when expression is driven from a constitutive lac promoter from the same vector backbone. iv Table of Contents Contents Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1. ............................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2. .......................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 3. .......................................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 4. .......................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 5. ........................................................................................................................ 106 Conclusions and Future Directions. ................................................................................ 123 References ....................................................................................................................... 125 v List of Tables Table 1. Primers described in Chapter 2 ........................................................................... 23 Table 2. Primers described in Chapter 3. .......................................................................... 45 Table 3. Strains and plasmids used in Chapter 3. ............................................................. 45 Table 4. In vivo reduction of BChl pathway intermediates. ............................................. 54 Table 5. Primers used in Chapter 4. .................................................................................. 84 Table 6. N-terminus peptide sequence of the 60 kDa band from Figure 25A. ................. 89 Table 7. Primer utilized in Chapter 5. ............................................................................. 111 Table 8. Plasmids created in Chapter 5. .......................................................................... 113 vi List of Figures Figure 1. .............................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 2. .............................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 3. ............................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 4. ............................................................................................................................ 14 Figure 5. ............................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 6. ............................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 7. ............................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 8 ............................................................................................................................. 32 Figure 9. ............................................................................................................................ 41 Figure 10. .......................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 11. .......................................................................................................................... 52 Figure 12. .......................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 13. .......................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 14. .......................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 15. .......................................................................................................................... 60 Figure 16. .......................................................................................................................... 60 Figure 17. .......................................................................................................................... 61 Figure 18. .......................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 19. .........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pufc Gene Targeted PCR Primers for Identification and Classification of Marine Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodovulum Sulfidophilum
    Acta Scientific MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226) Volume 4 Issue 2 February 2021 Research Article pufC Rhodovulum sulfidophilum Gene Targeted PCR Primers for Identification and Classification of Marine Photosynthetic Bacterium Aoi Koga, Nao Yamauchi, Mayu Imamura, Mina Urata, Tomomi Received: Kurayama, Ranko Iwai, Shuhei Hayashi, Shinjiro Yamamoto and January 28, 2021 Hitoshi Miyasaka* Published: December 30, 2020 © All rights are reserved by Hitoshi Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, Nishiku, Japan Miyasaka., et al. *Corresponding Author: Sojo University, Nishiku, Japan. Hitoshi Miyasaka, Department of Applied Life Science, DOI: 10.31080/ASMI.2020.04.0770 Abstract Rhodovulum sulfidophilum - The marine non-sulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium has a wide application potential in the fields sify various R. sulfidophilum strains, we designed a PCR primer set targeting pufC of aquaculture, renewable energy production, environmental protection, and biomaterial production. To detect, identify and clas pufC R. sulfidophilum gene encoding one of the photosystem proteins. - Nucleotide sequence alignment of the genes from five strains revealed that the 3’ region of this gene is rich in ious R. sulfidophilum pufC gene. For the validation of this nucleotide substitutions (approximately 10 substitutions/100 bp), making it suitable for the identification and classification of var R. sulfidophilum strains. strains. We designed a primer set that amplified 0.7 kb of the 3’ region of primerKeywords: set, we used fish fecal DNA as Rhodovulumthe PCR templates, sulfidophilum and successfully identified and classified several Photosynthetic Bacteria; ; PCR; Fish Fecal DNA Introduction R. sulfidophilum Rho- Marsupenaeus japonicus classified several strains from the intestinal tracts dovulum sulfidophilum The marine non-sulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium of some fish and kuruma shrimps ( ).
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Genetic Manipulation System for the Antarctic Archaeon, Halorubrum Lacusprofundi: Investigating Acetamidase Gene Function
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Developing a genetic manipulation system for the Antarctic archaeon, Halorubrum lacusprofundi: Received: 27 May 2016 Accepted: 16 September 2016 investigating acetamidase gene Published: 06 October 2016 function Y. Liao1, T. J. Williams1, J. C. Walsh2,3, M. Ji1, A. Poljak4, P. M. G. Curmi2, I. G. Duggin3 & R. Cavicchioli1 No systems have been reported for genetic manipulation of cold-adapted Archaea. Halorubrum lacusprofundi is an important member of Deep Lake, Antarctica (~10% of the population), and is amendable to laboratory cultivation. Here we report the development of a shuttle-vector and targeted gene-knockout system for this species. To investigate the function of acetamidase/formamidase genes, a class of genes not experimentally studied in Archaea, the acetamidase gene, amd3, was disrupted. The wild-type grew on acetamide as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, but the mutant did not. Acetamidase/formamidase genes were found to form three distinct clades within a broad distribution of Archaea and Bacteria. Genes were present within lineages characterized by aerobic growth in low nutrient environments (e.g. haloarchaea, Starkeya) but absent from lineages containing anaerobes or facultative anaerobes (e.g. methanogens, Epsilonproteobacteria) or parasites of animals and plants (e.g. Chlamydiae). While acetamide is not a well characterized natural substrate, the build-up of plastic pollutants in the environment provides a potential source of introduced acetamide. In view of the extent and pattern of distribution of acetamidase/formamidase sequences within Archaea and Bacteria, we speculate that acetamide from plastics may promote the selection of amd/fmd genes in an increasing number of environmental microorganisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Title a Marine Photosynthetic Microbial Cell Factory As a Platform
    A marine photosynthetic microbial cell factory as a platform Title for spider silk production Foong, Choon Pin; Higuchi-Takeuchi, Mieko; Malay, Ali D.; Author(s) Oktaviani, Nur Alia; Thagun, Chonprakun; Numata, Keiji Citation Communications Biology (2020), 3 Issue Date 2020-07-08 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/252537 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included Right in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-1099-6 OPEN A marine photosynthetic microbial cell factory as a platform for spider silk production Choon Pin Foong1,2, Mieko Higuchi-Takeuchi1, Ali D. Malay 1, Nur Alia Oktaviani1, Chonprakun Thagun1 & ✉ Keiji Numata 1,2 1234567890():,; Photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, purple bacteria and microalgae have attracted great interest as promising platforms for economical and sustainable production of bioenergy, biochemicals, and biopolymers.
    [Show full text]
  • Horizontal Operon Transfer, Plasmids, and the Evolution of Photosynthesis in Rhodobacteraceae
    The ISME Journal (2018) 12:1994–2010 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0150-9 ARTICLE Horizontal operon transfer, plasmids, and the evolution of photosynthesis in Rhodobacteraceae 1 2 3 4 1 Henner Brinkmann ● Markus Göker ● Michal Koblížek ● Irene Wagner-Döbler ● Jörn Petersen Received: 30 January 2018 / Revised: 23 April 2018 / Accepted: 26 April 2018 / Published online: 24 May 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access Abstract The capacity for anoxygenic photosynthesis is scattered throughout the phylogeny of the Proteobacteria. Their photosynthesis genes are typically located in a so-called photosynthesis gene cluster (PGC). It is unclear (i) whether phototrophy is an ancestral trait that was frequently lost or (ii) whether it was acquired later by horizontal gene transfer. We investigated the evolution of phototrophy in 105 genome-sequenced Rhodobacteraceae and provide the first unequivocal evidence for the horizontal transfer of the PGC. The 33 concatenated core genes of the PGC formed a robust phylogenetic tree and the comparison with single-gene trees demonstrated the dominance of joint evolution. The PGC tree is, however, largely incongruent with the species tree and at least seven transfers of the PGC are required to reconcile both phylogenies. 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: The origin of a derived branch containing the PGC of the model organism Rhodobacter capsulatus correlates with a diagnostic gene replacement of pufC by pufX. The PGC is located on plasmids in six of the analyzed genomes and its DnaA- like replication module was discovered at a conserved central position of the PGC. A scenario of plasmid-borne horizontal transfer of the PGC and its reintegration into the chromosome could explain the current distribution of phototrophy in Rhodobacteraceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Diversity and Biogeography of Aerobic
    Assessing diversity and biogeography of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in surface waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using the Global Ocean Sampling expedition metagenomes Natalya Yutin, Marcelino Suzuki, Hanno Teeling, Marc Weber, J Venter, Douglas Rusch, Oded Béjà To cite this version: Natalya Yutin, Marcelino Suzuki, Hanno Teeling, Marc Weber, J Venter, et al.. Assessing diversity and biogeography of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in surface waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using the Global Ocean Sampling expedition metagenomes. Environmental Microbiology, Society for Applied Microbiology and Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, 9, pp.1464 - 1475. 10.1111/j.1462- 2920.2007.01265.x. hal-03012626 HAL Id: hal-03012626 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03012626 Submitted on 18 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. emi_1265 Environmental Microbiology (2007) doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01265.x Assessing diversity and biogeography of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in surface waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using the Global Ocean Sampling expedition metagenomes Natalya Yutin,1 Marcelino T. Suzuki,2* phs were detected using various techniques ranging Hanno Teeling,3 Marc Weber,3 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Limibaculum Halophilum Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a New Member of the Family Rhodobacteraceae
    TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Shin et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:3812–3818 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002200 Limibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodobacteraceae Yong Ho Shin,1 Jong-Hwa Kim,1 Ampaitip Suckhoom,2 Duangporn Kantachote2 and Wonyong Kim1,* Abstract A Gram-stain-negative, cream-pigmented, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CAU 1123T, was isolated from mud from reclaimed land. The strain’s taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1123T grew optimally at 37 C and at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CAU 1123T formed a monophyletic lineage within the family Rhodobacteraceae with 93.8 % or lower sequence similarity to representatives of the genera Rubrimonas, Oceanicella, Pleomorphobacterium, Rhodovulum and Albimonas. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 !7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1 !7c and the predominant respiratory quinone was Q-10. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 71.1 mol%. Based on the data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies, it is proposed that strain CAU 1123T represents a novel genus and novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Limibaculumhalophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is CAU 1123T (=KCTC 52187T, =NBRC 112522T). The family Rhodobacteraceae was first established by Garr- chemotaxonomic properties along with a detailed phyloge- ity et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Photosynthesis Is Widely Distributed Among Proteobacteria As Demonstrated by the Phylogeny of Puflm Reaction Center Proteins
    fmicb-08-02679 January 20, 2018 Time: 16:46 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 23 January 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02679 Photosynthesis Is Widely Distributed among Proteobacteria as Demonstrated by the Phylogeny of PufLM Reaction Center Proteins Johannes F. Imhoff1*, Tanja Rahn1, Sven Künzel2 and Sven C. Neulinger3 1 Research Unit Marine Microbiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, 2 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany, 3 omics2view.consulting GbR, Kiel, Germany Two different photosystems for performing bacteriochlorophyll-mediated photosynthetic energy conversion are employed in different bacterial phyla. Those bacteria employing a photosystem II type of photosynthetic apparatus include the phototrophic purple bacteria (Proteobacteria), Gemmatimonas and Chloroflexus with their photosynthetic relatives. The proteins of the photosynthetic reaction center PufL and PufM are essential components and are common to all bacteria with a type-II photosynthetic apparatus, including the anaerobic as well as the aerobic phototrophic Proteobacteria. Edited by: Therefore, PufL and PufM proteins and their genes are perfect tools to evaluate the Marina G. Kalyuzhanaya, phylogeny of the photosynthetic apparatus and to study the diversity of the bacteria San Diego State University, United States employing this photosystem in nature. Almost complete pufLM gene sequences and Reviewed by: the derived protein sequences from 152 type strains and 45 additional strains of Nikolai Ravin, phototrophic Proteobacteria employing photosystem II were compared. The results Research Center for Biotechnology (RAS), Russia give interesting and comprehensive insights into the phylogeny of the photosynthetic Ivan A. Berg, apparatus and clearly define Chromatiales, Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales as Universität Münster, Germany major groups distinct from other Alphaproteobacteria, from Betaproteobacteria and from *Correspondence: Caulobacterales (Brevundimonas subvibrioides).
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Analysis of the Evolution of Phototrophy Among Haloalkaliphilic Rhodobacterales
    GBE Genomic Analysis of the Evolution of Phototrophy among Haloalkaliphilic Rhodobacterales Karel Kopejtka1,2,Ju¨rgenTomasch3, Yonghui Zeng4, Martin Tichy1, Dimitry Y. Sorokin5,6,and Michal Koblızek1,2,* 1Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Center Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic 2Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske ´ Budejovice, Czech Republic 3Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany 4Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus, Denmark 5Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 6Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: July 26, 2017 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers: GCA_001870665.1, GCA_001870675.1, GCA_001884735.1. Abstract A characteristic feature of the order Rhodobacterales is the presence of a large number of photoautotrophic and photo- heterotrophic species containing bacteriochlorophyll. Interestingly, these phototrophic species are phylogenetically mixed with chemotrophs. To better understand the origin of such variability, we sequenced the genomes of three closely related haloalkaliphilic species, differing in their phototrophic capacity and oxygen preference: the photoheterotrophic and faculta- tively anaerobic bacterium Rhodobaca barguzinensis, aerobic photoheterotroph Roseinatronobacter
    [Show full text]
  • Rhodovulum Visakhapatnamense Sp. Nov
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2007), 57, 1762–1764 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.65076-0 Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense sp. nov. T. N. R. Srinivas,1 P. Anil Kumar,1 Ch. Sasikala,1 Ch. V. Ramana2 and J. F. Imhoff3 Correspondence 1Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, JNT Ch. Sasikala University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India [email protected] 2Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, PO Central or University, Hyderabad 500 046, India [email protected] 3Leibniz-Institut fu¨r Meereswissenschaften IFM-GEOMAR, Marine Mikrobiologie, Du¨sternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacterium (JA181T) was isolated from a tidal water sample. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain JA181T was shown to belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria, most closely related to Rhodovulum sulfidophilum (97.8 % similarity to the type strain), Rhodovulum adriaticum (93 %), Rhodovulum robiginosum (93 %), Rhodovulum iodosum (94 %), Rhodovulum imhoffii (94 %), Rhodovulum strictum (95 %), Rhodovulum euryhalinum (94.6 %) and Rhodovulum marinum (94.6 %). DNA–DNA hybridization with Rdv. sulfidophilum DSM 1374T (relatedness of 39 % with strain JA181T) and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain JA181T from the eight Rhodovulum species with validly published names. Strain JA181T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JA181T 5JCM 13531T 5ATCC BAA-1274T 5DSM 17937T). The genus Rhodovulum currently comprises eight species During the characterization of anoxygenic phototrophic with validly published names, which include two described bacteria isolated from marine habitats, strain JA181T was by our group, Rhodovulum marinum (Srinivas et al., 2006) recovered from phototrophic enrichments (with 2 % NaCl) and Rhodovulum imhoffii (Srinivas et al., 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • How to Define and Study Structural Proteins As Biopolymer Materials
    Polymer Journal (2020) 52:1043–1056 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-020-0362-5 FOCUS REVIEW How to define and study structural proteins as biopolymer materials Keiji Numata 1,2 Received: 1 April 2020 / Revised: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 April 2020 / Published online: 22 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Structural proteins, including silk fibroins, play an important role in shaping the skeletons and structures of cells, tissues, and organisms. The amino acid sequences of structural proteins often show characteristic features, such as a repeating tandem motif, that are notably different from those of functional proteins such as enzymes and antibodies. In recent years, materials composed of or containing structural proteins have been studied and developed as biomedical, apparel, and structural materials. This review outlines the definition of structural proteins, methods for characterizing structural proteins as polymeric materials, and potential applications. Definition considered [3], defining a structural protein is even more 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: difficult and complicated. Therefore, in this focus review, I Proteins are polymers in which the 20 natural amino acids would like to define a structural protein as “a protein that are linked by amide bonds. In addition to the 20 natural possesses a characteristic amino acid sequence or motif amino acids, there are amino acids that are not directly that repeats and forms a skeleton or contributes to the synthesized from ribosomes, such as L-3,4-dihydrox- mechanical properties of a living organism, cell, or mate- yphenylalanine (DOPA), hydroxyproline (Hyp), dityrosine, rial” (Fig. 1). Structural proteins can be globular or fibrillar and selenomethionine, and these compounds are synthe- proteins.
    [Show full text]
  • Delft University of Technology Genomic Analysis of the Evolution
    Delft University of Technology Genomic analysis of the evolution of phototrophy among haloalkaliphilic rhodobacterales Kopejtka, Karel; Tomasch, Jürgen; Zeng, Yonghui; Tichý, Martin; Sorokin, Dimitry Y.; Koblížek, Michal DOI 10.1093/gbe/evx141 Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version Published in Genome Biology and Evolution Citation (APA) Kopejtka, K., Tomasch, J., Zeng, Y., Tichý, M., Sorokin, D. Y., & Koblížek, M. (2017). Genomic analysis of the evolution of phototrophy among haloalkaliphilic rhodobacterales. Genome Biology and Evolution, 9(7), 1950-1962. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx141 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. GBE Genomic Analysis of the Evolution of Phototrophy among Haloalkaliphilic Rhodobacterales Karel Kopejtka1,2,Ju¨rgenTomasch3, Yonghui Zeng4, Martin Tichy1, Dimitry Y. Sorokin5,6,and Michal Koblızek1,2,*
    [Show full text]
  • Super Bacteria: a New Hope of Manufacturing Spider Silk in an Efficient Way
    International Journal for Research in ISSN: 2349-8889 Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Volume-8, Issue-2 (March 2021) www.ijrasb.com https://doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.2.28 Super Bacteria: A New Hope of Manufacturing Spider Silk in an Efficient Way Chandrayee Talukdar1 and Swastik Sastri2 1B.Sc., Department of Microbiology, Dumdum Motijheel College, INDIA 2B.Sc., Department of Microbiology, Dumdum Motijheel College, INDIA 2Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT to produce because spider feed each other. Some The important properties of spider dragline silk photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyano bacteria, and other protein polymers will find many applications. purple bacteria and microalgae has great value in We have demonstrated the production of spider silk, which promising platforms for biochemicals and polymers. has many important properties, are produced from the bacteria including Escherichia coli. The productions of high molecular weight spider drag line encoded by synthetic II. METHODOLOGY genes. Silk protein can be efficiently produced by the microbial system has become an advantageous method like The scientist has observed that R. sulphidofilum quick secretion and simple product recovery has become an which has qualities that make ideal for establishing a efficient method .From the observation of various sustainable biofactory. This bacteria grows in sea water, experiments done by several scientists has shown silk made requires carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the in laboratory. The study of RIKEN centre for sustainable atmosphere and uses solar energy which is inexhaustible resource science has shown that spider silk can be produce huge amount. Observation shown that joining of the and it present in the environment as abundantly.
    [Show full text]