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Sociopolitics in Southeastern Archaeology: the Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship

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Sociopolitics in Southeastern Archaeology: the Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship Southeastern Archaeology ISSN: 0734-578X (Print) 2168-4723 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ysea20 Sociopolitics in Southeastern Archaeology: The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship Dana N. Bardolph & Amber M. Vanderwarker To cite this article: Dana N. Bardolph & Amber M. Vanderwarker (2016) Sociopolitics in Southeastern Archaeology: The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship, Southeastern Archaeology, 35:3, 175-193, DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2015.1113101 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2015.1113101 Published online: 07 Feb 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 942 View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ysea20 SOCIOPOLITICS IN SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY: THE ROLE OF GENDER IN SCHOLARLY AUTHORSHIP DANA N. BARDOLPH AND AMBER M. VANDERWARKER Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA We explore the relationship between gender, authorship, and editorship in conference presentations and publi- cations as a lens to examine current disciplinary sociopolitics and the relative contributions of men and women to southeastern archaeological research. We also report on the results of a survey on publishing trends in southeast- ern archaeology that we circulated to the Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC) membership in March . The evaluation of publishing trends serves as a means to investigate academic merit and visibility, along with the production and validation of knowledge in southeastern archaeology. We document a strong gender imbal- ance in publication rates across a range of publication venues, including regional journals, state archaeology jour- nals, and edited volumes, despite growing numbers of women presenting research at SEAC meetings. We discuss possible reasons for these gender disparities based on survey response data from members of the SEAC community. Despite a current culture and context of women’s advancement in southeastern archaeology, many challenges and obstacles remain. KEYWORDS: Gender equity, Southeastern archaeology, Publication, Sociopolitics, Women in science There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the and grand synthesizers, and women were often rele- many ways in which gender politics (and often out- gated to what some have perceived as less-desirable right discrimination) affect the archaeological com- subfields, including as laboratory specialists (e.g., munity (e.g., Bardolph ; Baxter ; Claassen ; Clarke ; Gero , ; Burkholder ; Hutson ; Levy ; Gifford-Gonzales ; Moser ). Meyers et al. ; Sullivan ; Wright ), In this paper, we consider gendered trends in as well as the broader academy (e.g., Ceci et al. conference presentations and publications to ; Clancy et al. ; Clauset et al. ; Fox explore another source of unevenness affecting and Colatrella ; Hutchinson and Jenkins the southeastern archaeological community ; Larivière et al. ; Sax et al. ; (sensu Bardolph ). Specifically, we analyze Symonds et al. ; West and Curtis ; West gendered patterns of participation at the South- et al. ; Wolverton et al. ). While women eastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC) as in the United States have made great strides in well as publication in regional and state archaeol- establishing parity with their male counterparts in ogy journals and edited volumes pertaining to educational attainment, discrepancies remain with southeastern archaeology from to .It respect to academic hiring practices, promotion, has been over years since Claassen et al. grant-funding success, fieldwork opportunities, () treated this same topic; thus, this issue is and other general advancement opportunities for ripe for reappraisal. Our findings indicate a con- women in archaeology and other disciplines nation- tinued discrepancy between the representation of wide. These issues certainly impact the southeastern men’s work and women’s work in the broader archaeological community, which has both a repu- southeastern literature. We go a step beyond doc- tation of being a “male-dominated group” (Claas- umenting gendered trends in presentation and sen et al. :) and a long history where publication, however, and report on the results women’s contributions largely have gone under- of a survey on publishing trends in southeastern recognized (White et al. ). The underrepresen- archaeology that we circulated to the SEAC mem- tation of women’s contributions is embedded bership in March . The purpose of our paper within a larger history of American archaeology is thus twofold: () we explore differential patterns in which men emerged as leading field investigators of men and women’s spoken and published work, © Southeastern Archaeological Conference DOI: ./X.. Southeastern Archaeology , Vol. No. , – DANA N. BARDOLPH AND AMBER M. VANDERWARKER to consider who has dominant control over situation that has not changed since the s current southeastern archaeological narratives; (Curtis ). With respect to scholarly pro- and () we discuss possible reasons for the discre- ductivity, recent studies have shown that women pancies noted, based on response data from account for less than percent of all authors of members of the practicing southeastern archaeolo- scientific publications worldwide (Larivière et al. gical community. Overall, we conclude that ; West et al. ). Bardolph’s() analy- despite a current culture and context of women’s sis of over , peer-reviewed journal articles advancement in southeastern archaeology, many and reports from archaeology journals (broad challenges and obstacles remain. and regional in scope, including Southeastern Archaeology) from to , revealed that only percent of papers have women as the ABRIEF HISTORY OF SOCIOPOLITICAL RESEARCH lead author (for similar rates documented in Over the past few decades, a large body of litera- earlier studies, see Beaudry and White []; ture has been devoted to exploring the ways in Claassen et al. []; Victor and Beaudry which gender politics affect archaeological prac- []). Bibliometric studies of citation practices tice (e.g., Beaudry and White ; Claassen (Hutson ; Larivière et al. ; Maliniak , ; Conkey ; du Cros and Smith et al. ; McElhinney et al. ) have shown ; Gero , ; Hutson ; Moser that in most scientific fields, articles written by ; Nelson et al. ; Stark et al. ; women are consistently cited less frequently than Tomaskova ; Victor and Beaudry ; articles written by men. Examining Southeastern Wright ; Zeder ; for recent summaries, Archaeology specifically, Hutson (:) see Bardolph []; Moser []). As Wylie revealed that men cite women significantly less (:) observed, studies on the demography, than women cite women (a trend witnessed in funding sources, training, and employment pat- other archaeology journals; see also Beaudry and terns of male and female archaeologists constitute White []). “some of the most fine-grained and empirically In this paper, we extend the analysis of south- rich work” conducted on disciplinary culture and eastern literature beyond the journal Southeastern sociopolitics. Feminist researchers in archaeology, Archaeology to include conference presentations, particularly in the s and s, documented a other regional and state-level archaeology journals number of troubling trends with respect to in which southeastern archaeologists typically women’s participation in the discipline. They publish, and chapters in edited volumes encom- found that while women appeared to be gaining passing southeastern research, to critically gender equity on a number of fronts, including examine the presence and visibility of women’s admission to and completion of graduate pro- work. We also report on the results of our grams (Zeder :), women were not being survey on publishing trends circulated to the hired in academia in proportion to their represen- SEAC membership in March . We consider tation among Ph.D. recipients (Hutson ; publication to be a useful lens for examining Stark et al. ), and overall, women continued gender equity in southeastern archaeology for a to be hampered by lower funding success, lower few reasons—publishing is significant for scho- levels of job satisfaction and security, and lower larly visibility, along with getting jobs, tenure, levels of scholarly productivity. grants, promotion, and awards, but it also These issues are not unique to archaeology; reveals the social milieu of knowledge production. recent studies document similar discrepancies Publication also reflects the output of a large within the broader academy. Within the United subset of the practicing southeastern archaeologi- States, after decades of high female enrollment in cal community, namely, academics. Indeed, aca- most Ph.D. fields, practices of academic insti- demics comprise nearly percent of SEAC tutions continue to systematically favor men members (Table ). Granted, not every southeast- (Ceci and Williams ; Clauset et al. ). ern archaeologist is a member of SEAC, but as the Indeed, women occupy only percent of full-time largest regional conference in the United States, faculty positions in all academic disciplines and with nearly , members (individual, life, hold less than one-quarter of full professorships joint, and student) working in a variety of settings, (West and Curtis ), take more time to get pro- including colleges and universities, government moted than men (Misra et al. ), and still earn agencies, museums, and the private
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