The Emphatic Diaglott

[ imm OF PRINCETON

EMPHAT DI.AG1.QT T^

( ONTAIN] NG THB

tig in a f ^4^^6 "S^-ei-

OF WHAT IS XU£Oi.aaiCiiL SEMINARY NEW TESTAMENT (According to the Recension of Dr. J.y. Griesbach) WITH AN

[STERIilHEflRV W05D FOI? W05D ENGLISH TRflNSIiilTIOfl

A NEW EMPHATIC VERSION

BASED ON THE INTERLINEARY TRANSLATION, ON THE RENDERINGS OF EMINENT CRITICS, AND ON THE VARIOUS READINGS OF THE VATICAN MANUSCRIPT No. i?o9 in the Vatican Library TOGETHER WITH ILLUSTRATIVE AND EXPLANATORY FOOT NOTES, AN DA COPIOUS SELECTION OF REFERENCES

TO THE WHOLE OF WHICH IS ADDED A VALUABLE ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

By benjamin WILSON i: NEW YORK FOVv^LER & WELLS CO., PUBLISHERS 27 East 21st St. NEvr York

LONDON: L.N. FOV/LER & CO., 7, Imperial Arcade, Ludgate Circus [new address, see next page] THE SPECIAL TERMS

, UNDER WHICH THIS VALUABLE WORK IS NOW SUPPLIED r TO BIBLE STUDENTS.

The " Emphatic Diaglott " has been published under the author's copyright, j by Fowler and V\ ells Co., New York City, until now (a. d. has j 1902); and been sold by them at ^4.00 in cloth and $5.00 in half-leather binding. For several years a friend, an earnest Bible student, desirous of assisting the readers of our Society's publications, has supplied them through us at a greatly reduced

price ; now he has purchased the copyright and plates from the Fowler and Wells Co., and presented the same to our Society as a gift, under our assurance that the gift will be used for the furthering of the Truth to the extent of our ability, by such a reduction of the price as will permit the poor of the Lord's fiock to have this help in the study of the Word. Reduced Prices. —These will be sold with Zion's Watch Tower only. In cloth binding ^1.50 (6s. 3d.) —includes postage and one year's subscription, new or renewal to Z. W. T. On thin paper, in full morocco leather, divinity circuit, red under gold edges, silk sewed, leather lined, ^2.50 (los. 6ri.) —includes postage and one year's subscription to Z. W. T. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO WATCH TOWER BIBLE & TRACT SOCIETY,

BIBLE HOUSE, ARCH ST. , ALLEGHENY, PA., U. S. A.

[BRITISH BRANCH : I3I GREEN ST., FOREST GATE, LONDON, E.J

A FRIENDLY CRITICISM.

This work we regard as a very valuable help to all Bible students, whether conversant with the Greek language or not. We esteem it (as a whole) the most valuable translation of the New Testament extant. We call special attention to the "word for word" translation, found,immediatly under the Greek text, in the left hand column. It will be found valuable, especially for a critical examination of any particular text. A little study will enable

you to appreciate it. Like all things made and done by imperfect mortals, we think this valuable

work not without its faults. It would seem to us that the author must have held the view that Jesus had no prehuman existence, and that there is no personal

devil: i.e., that when the word "devil" is used evil principle is meant; also

that Jesus is still a vian zx^A flesh, in glory. In commending this work to you as a whole so highly as we have done, we

deem it but a duty to draw your attention tg a very slight bias which we think pervades the work in the direction named. As some pointed illustrations of what we have remarked, we suggest an exam-

ination and comparison between the right and left columns of the work, in the 10:20. following scriptures, viz : John 1:10, Rev. 13:8 ; Jude 9; Heb. Editor of ''lion's Watch Tower:* ;

PREFACE.

To trouble the reader with any lengthy remarks on the important advantages to be derived from a new translation of the Sacred Writings is deemed altogether unnecessary. Much information on this point has been given by others who have published modern Versions of the New Testament, with the reasons which have induced them to do so. Those reasons will serve in a great measure also for this. It is generally admitted by all critics that the Authorized or Common version of the Scriptures absolutely needs revision. Obsolete words, uncouth phrases, bad grammar and punctuation, etc., all require alteration. But this is not all. There are errors of a more serious nature which need correction. The translators of the Common version were circumscribed and trammeled by royal mandate; they were required to retain certain old ecclesiastical words which, accordingly, were left untranslated. Thus the minds of many who had no means of knowing the meaning of the original words have been misled and confused. Biblical criticism, however, during the last two hundred years, has done much to open up and elucidate the Word of God, by discovering many things which were unknown to the old translators, making great improvements in the text, detecting numerous interpolations and errors, and suggesting far better renderings of many passages. Many modem versions have availed themselves of this valuable assistance, and it is believed they have thereby been enabled to give the English reader a better understanding of what was originally written.

Without presuming to claim any superiority for this, as a translation of the New Testament, over any other modern version, it is thought that the present Work presents certain valuable features, not to be found elsewhere, and which will be of real practical utility to every one who wishes to read the books of the Evangelists and Apostles, as they were written under the guidance and inspiration of the Holy Spirit. These features are ; —An approved Greek te.xt, with the various Readings of the Vatican Manuscript, No. 1209; an Interlineary literal

Word for Word English translation ; a New Version, with the Signs of Emphasis a copious selection of References ; many appropriate, illustrative, and e.xegetical Foot-notes; and a valuable Alphabetical Appendix. This combination of important items cannot be found in any other book. The reader will find further ;" remarks on this subject, on the page headed, " Plan of the Work and he is also invited to read the pages with the respective captions; — "To the Reader;" " History of the Greek Text ;" and " History of English Versions." Also, on another page will be found the " Letters and Pronunciation of the Greek Alpha- bet," for the special benefit of those who may wish to obtain a rudimentary knowledge of that language.

The intelligent reader will at once perceive the utility and importance of this arrangement. Readers who are familiar with the original tongue obtain in this Work one of the best Greek Testaments, with important ancient Readings, well

worthy of their attention ; and, it is presumed, that there are even few Greek - iv. PREFACE. scholars who are so far advanced but may derive some help from the transiation given. Those who have only a little or no knowledge of the Greek may, by careful reading and a little attention to the Interlineary translation, soon become familiar with it. This work, in fact, places in the hands of the intelligent English reader the means of knowing and appropriating for his own benefit, with but

little labor on his part, what has cost others years of study and severe toil to acquire.

Scrupulous fidelity has been maintained throughout this version in giving the

true rendering of the original text into English ; no regard whatever being paid to the prevailing doctrines or prejudices of sects, or the peculiar tenets of theo- logians. To the Divine authority of the original Scriptures alone has there been the most humble and unbiased submission.

In the preparation of this Work for the press, all available help to be derivea from the labors of great and learned men has been obtained and appropriated. Lexicons, Grammars, ancient and modern Versions, Commentaries, critical and

explanatory. Cyclopedias, Bible and other Dictionaries, etc. , have been consulted and culled from. Also, the suggestions, opinions and criticism of friends, on words, phrases and piassages, have been duly considered, and sometimes

adopted. It is not presumed that this Work is free from faults or errors. Infal-

libility is left for others to claim. Great care, however, has been exercised to

make it as correct as possible.

The Work is now sent forth to the public, to stand or fall on its own merits.

True, it cannot boast of being the production of a council of learned men as

King James' version ; but let it be remembered that Tyndale alone, under very disadvantageous circumstances, did far more for the English Bible than that learned body, for they only followed in the wake of his labors.

This Volume, principally designed for the instruction and advantage of others.

is now reverently committed to the blessing of our Father in the heavens, with an earnest and sincere desire that many of those who peruse its pages may be led by the knowledge, faith and obedience inculcated therein to obtain an in« heritanre in the aionian kingdom of Jesus the Anointed One. B. WILSON.

BNTBRBD ACCORDING TO ACT OP CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1864, By benjamin WILSON,

IN THE clerk's OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COURT OP TMH 1;N!ITB0 STATES FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS, ;

HISTORY OF THE GREEK TEXT.

fTTE following condensed ac- were thep 5:nown, The«e varioun Read' f'^\ count of the different editions ings, with some additions, were given in ^ ,,^,^, jf tlie Greek New Testament, the Greek Testamant, published by (^"-^jM will introduce the reader to the Bishop Fdl, at Oxford, in 1675. history of the Greek Text, and the va- In 1707, Dr. Mirx's Greek Testament rious steps taken by learned men for appeared. His Text is simply taken the purpose of editing it with greater from Stephens' as given in WaltoTis Critical accuracy. The history will com- I'uiyglot; his collectionof various Read- mence with the first printed editions. ings was extensive, and these were made The first printed edition of the whole the ground for a critical amendment oi cfthe Greek New Testament was that the Text. contained in the Complutensian Poly Dr. Edward Wells published ihe first

Testament ; and in 1550 his folio edition Text, three or four other critical edi- with various readings from several Man- tions have been published, and have re- uscripts—he collated some 15 MSS., ceived the examination and approval of but chiefly followed the Complutensian scholars. Of these, the edition of Scholz, eopy. has passed through numerous editions. Beza. published five editions of the His fundamental principle of criticism

Greek Testament ; the first in 1565, the was, that the great majority of copies last in 1598. decide as to the correctness of the Text In 1624, the Elzevir, printers at Ley- hence, those who prefer the more ancient den, published a small and beautiful documents, will consider the Text of

Greek Testament, the editor of which is Griesbach preferable ; while those whose wholly unknown. It differs little from judgment would favor the mass of teski- Stephens' folio edition. The printers msnies, would prefer that of Scholz. gave to this Text the name of " Textus In addition to Scholz's collation, Lach- Receptus." mann, T»*jhendorf, Tregelles, &c., have

In Walton's Polyglot of 1657, the given t". tha world the result of their Greek New Testament was given accor- critical labors, and which are acknow ding to the Te

700 ; thus affording now a far better • Erasmas, in his third edition of 1523, in- chance, to obtain a correct Greek Text, serted, the text, 1 John v. 7, on the authorilv tlian when the authcrizol version was of a MS. now in Dublin. Tyndalc used this at first published. eJ.tiou to revis'.' his English version. HISTOEY OF ENGLISH VEESIONS.

HE first English version of the , vise the translation then in nse. TheJ «» New Testament was that made were ordered to use the Bishops' Bible ^^' by John Wiclip, or Wicliffe, as the basis of the new Tersion, and to 1367. It was alter it as little as the original would ibout the year | translated from the Latin Bible, verba- allow; but if the prior translaljons ol tim, without any regard to the idiom Tyndale, Coverdale, Matthew, Cranmer of the languages. Though this version or Whitchurch, and the Geneva editors was first in point of time, no part of it agreed better with the text, to adopt the was printed before the year 1731. same. This translation was perhaps the Tyndale's translation was published best that could be made at the time, and in 1526, either at Antwerp or Ham- if it had not been published by kingly burg. It is commonly said that Tyu- authority, it would not now be venera* dale translated from the Greek, but he ted by English and American protest- never published it to be so on any title ants, as though it had come direct from page of his Testament. One edition, not God. It has been convicted of contain- published by him, has this title—" The ing over 20,000 errors. Nearly 700 Greek Newe Testament, dylygently corrected MSS. are now known, and some of them and compared with the Greke, by Wil- very ancient; whereas the translators lyam Tyndale, and fynesshed in the of the common version had only thead- yere of oure Lorde God, A. M. D. and ( vantage of some 8 MSS., none of which xxxiiij. in tiae moneth of Nouember." were earlier than the tenth century. Old It is evident he only translated from Since lOn, many translations of both of tlie Vulgate Latin and New Testaments, and portions the same, have been published. The following CovERDALE published the whole Bible are some of the most noted. " in English, in the year 1535. He fol- The Family Expositor : or a Paraphrase and lowed his interpreters," and adopted Version of the New Testament, with Critical Notes. By Philip Doddi-idge. 1755. Tyndale's version, with the exception The Pour Gospels translatedfrom the Greek. of a few alterations. By George Campbell. 1790. Matthew's Bible was only Tyndale A New Literal Translation, from the OriRi- and Coverdale's, published under the nal Greek, of the Apostolical Epistles. IJy James Macknight. 1795. feigned name of Thomas Matthews. A Translation of the New Testament. By Hollybushe's New Testament was Gilbert Wakefield. 1705. printed in 1538, "both in Latin and A Translation of the New Testament, from Hmiibly attempted by English, after the Vulgate text," to the original Greek. Nathaniel Scarlett, assisted by men of piety which Coverdale prefixed a dedication and literature. 1798. to Henry VIII. The New Testament in an Improved Ver- The Great Bible, published in 1539, sion, upon the basis ofArchbishop Newcome's Translation, with a corrected Text. 1808. purported to be " translated after the New The New Testament, in Greek and English j textes," veryte of the Hebrue and Greke the Greek according to Griesbach ; the Eng- but it is certain that it was only a revi- lish upon the basis of the fourth London edi- with an attempt sion of Matthew's, with a few small al- tion or the Improved Version, to further improvement from the translations ' the Great terations. It was named of Campbell, Wakefield, Scarlett, Macknight, Bible," becausB of its large size. and Thomson. By Abner Kneeland. 1822. Cranmer's Bible, publish-^d in 1540, A New Family Bible, and improved Version, Originals, with was essentially the same as the Great from corrected Texts of the Notes Critical, &c. By B. Boothroyd. 1823. Bible, but took his name on account of The Sacred Writings of the Apostles and a few correction'^ which he made in it. Evangelists, translated from the Original, by- The Geneva Bible was published at Campbell, Macknight, and Doddi-idge. with Emendations by A. Campbell. 1833. Geneva in 1560. The New Testament in various A New and Corrected Versitn of the New 1557. Coverdale was one of the Geneva Teetament. By E. Dickinson. 1833. brethren who issued it. The Book of the New Covenant, a Critical The Bishops' Bible was a revisal of Revision of the Text and Translation of Com. Version, with the aid of most ancient the English Bible, made by the bishops, mon MSS. By Granville Penn. 183C. and compared with the originals. It The Holy Bible, with 20,000 emendationa. was published in 156S. By J. T. Conquest. 1841. Thb Dowat Bible appeared in 1609, The Good Nev's of our Loid Jesus, the Anointed; from the Critical Greek of T^'tt* was translated from the authentical and man. By N. N. Whiting. 1849. Latin, or Vulgate. A Translation of the New Testament, ftoro KiNQ James' Biblb, or the Authorized the Syriac. By James Muvdock. 1852. of Paul's Epistles. By Joseph "Version, was published in 1611. In the Translation TnrnbuU. 1854. year 1604, forty-seven persons learned The New Testament, translated fromGrieSi in the languages, were ajspointed to re- bach's Text. By Samuel Sharpe. ISSfi. !

TO THE READER.

THAT "All Scripture, divinely inspired, "is probable were also the translators' is profital)ip, for Teaching, for Convic- " opinions. That their translation is par- " lion, for Correction, for that Instruction tial, speaking the language of, and giv- wliich is in Righteousness," is the truth- " ing authority to one sect." And ful testimony of the Sacred Writings according to Dr. Gell, it was wrested and ;" aliout themselves. We rejoice to express partial, " and only adapted to one sect our conviction that the Word of God was but he imputes tliis, not to the transla- perfect and infallible as it emanated from tors, but to those who employed them, those holy nun of old, the Prophets and for even some of the translators com- Apostles, wlio "spoke, being moved by plained that they could not follow tlieir the Holy Spirit." As arevelation of Jeho- own judgment in the matter, but were re^ vah's will to the human race, it was requi- strained by "reasons of state." site that it should be an unerring guide. The Version in common use will appear more imperfoL-t still, Amid the ever conflicting strife of human when the fact is known, that it was not a traushition from the Oriei. opinions, and the endless diversity of nal, but merely a revision of the Versions thought, we needed such a standard, to ttien in use. This is evident from the follow, lead us safely through the perplexing ing directions given by King James to the translators, viz.: "The Bishops' Bible to problems of life, to counsel us under all be " followed, and altered as little as theOrijji. circumstances, tu reveal the will of our " nal will permit. And these translations to Heavenly Parent, and to lift on high a "be used when they agree better with the celestial light, which streaming through "text than the Bishops' Bible—namely, Tj-n- " dal's, Matthew's, Coverdale's, Whitchurch'.". thick darkness that broods the around, "Geneva." None of these were made from shall guide the feet of his erring and be- the Original Greek, but onlp compared wui wildered children to their loving Father's it—hems all translated from the Vulgate home. We needed therefore a testimony Latin. Hence it follows, that the authorized version is simply a revision of the Vulgate. upon which to repose our faith and hope, And the Greek Text, with which it was com- free from all en-or, immutable, and harmo- pared, was compiled from Eif^ht MSS. onlv, nious in all its details—somethiHg to tell ill! of which were written since the tenth century, and are now considered us how to escape from the evils of the of comparatively shght authority. The " Textua Recep. present, and attain to a glorious future. tus," or Keceived Greek Text, was made from "With reverence and joy w- acknowledge these MSS., and is now proved to be the very Die Sacred Writings to be such, as they worst Greek Text extant, in a printed form. And there was only one MS. for the were originally dictated Book o i by the Holy Kevelation, and part of that wanting, which Spirit. How important then that they was supplied by translating the Latin of the Vulgate should be correctly read and understood into Greek ! Since the publication of the " Textus Rcccptus," But can it be fairly said that such is the and the Common Version, someOGO MSS. have been discovered, case with our present English Version? some of which are very .^.ncient, and very Yv'e opine not. Though freely acknowledg- valuable. The best and oldjst ofthese is one ing that it is sutliciently plain to teach marked B., Cod. faticanus, No. IJijS, of the fourth and iifth centuries. Thesecond men the socifJ and religious duties of life, marked A., Cod. Alexatidrinus, of the fifth century. and the path to Immortality, yet it is a The third marked C, Cod. F.phrem., about tlie uotal)le fact that King James' Translation fifth century, andthe fourth, marked D., Cod. is far from bein» a faithful reflection of Canfahujiensis, of the seventh century. Besides valuahie assistance frnni tlie mind of the Spirit, as contained in the ancient MSS., the DiAGLOTT has obtained materi.il Original Greek in which the books of the aid from the labors of many eminent Biblical New Testament were written. There are Critics and Translators. Among these may some thousands of words which are cither be mentioned,— Mill, Wetstein, Griesbach, Scholz, Lachmnnn, Tischendorf, mistranslated, or too obscurely rendered; Tittman, fregelles, Doddridge. Macknight, Campbell, besides others which are now obsolete, Koine, Middleton, Clark, Wakefield, Bloom- tlirough improvement in the language. field, Thompson, Mr.rdock. Kneeland Booth- royd. Conquest, Ik'sides this, it has been too highly colored Sharpe, Gaussen. llirnbuU, Trench, &c., &c. in many places with the party ideas and Should any person doubt the propript7 o( opinions of those who made it, to be the Translation, m any particular part, let v.orthy of full and implicit confidence himnotliastily censure or condemn till he has co.mpared it carefuUj being placed in it as a genuine record. with the various authorities on which it is based; and sven In the words of Dr. Macknight, "it was should he see reason to differ in some re- •"made a little too complaisant to the spects, arorrect Greek Text is given, so that ' King, in favoring bis notions of predes- the Original m!v>- be always appealed to in " eases ot doubt. However imperfect the 1 ination. election, %dtchcraft, familiar Translation in.ivbe considered by the Crifc- "spirits, and kingly rights, and these it ic t cannot udiilti;rate Die Ongrinai. ;

PLAJf OF THE WORK.

La Greek Text and Interlineary and Phrases intimately connected with Translatiun.—Tbe left baud column doctrinal subjects, alphabetically arranged. contains the Greek Text according to These will be critically examined, and the Dr. J. J. Griesbach, and interlined witb it liglit of Biblical science thi-own upon such a LITERAL WORD-FOR-WORD TKANSLA- as have given rise to sectarian disputes, TioN, wherein the corresponding English and the cavils of infidels. is placed directly under each Greek word. The Sectional Divisions are those of the Va- SIGNS OF E3IPH.4SIS. tican and Alexandrian MSS. Greek Words The Greek article often finds it? equivalent enclosed in brackets [thus,] thoug'h authori- in the English definite article the, but in the ZL'd by Griesbach, are omitted by the V;tt. MS. majority of cases it is evidently only a mark The advantag;es to be derived from such an of empnasis. It frequently precedes a sub- arrangement must be apparent to thp Bible stantive, an adjective, a verb, an adverb, a Student. The learned have a Greek Text ac- participle or a particle, thus pointing out the knowledged to be one of thp best extant, emphatic words. The Greek article and Em- while the unlearned have almost an eq^ual phatic Pronouns exercise a most important chance with those aoquaintea with t-he Origi- influence on the meaning of words, and some, nal, by having the meaning and grammatical times throw light on doctrines of the highest construction given to each word. This part interest The sacred penmen of the New of the work will be a desideratum by many, Testament were, in the opinion of many emi- but more adapted for criticism than reading. nent persons, guided by Divine inspiration in adhering to the arrangement of Although by the choice of their woriis : and in the use oi appear un- the Original, the Translation may the Greek article there was clearly a remark • couth, yet the strength and beauty oi many able discretion displayed. In fact, the Signs passages are thereby preserved. of Emphasis are incorporated with the words The frequent recurrence of the Greek arti- in such a manner, that the latter cannot be cle of emphasis, and an occasional ellipsis, stated without conveying at tlie same time often interfere with the sense and elegance to the intelligent mind an idea of the very in- of a sentence, but this cannot well be avoided tonation with which the sentence was spoken in a word-for-word Translation. The advan- when it was written down. This peculi- t iges, however, accruing to the diligent inves- arity of the Greek language cannot be pro- tigator of the Divine Word by persuing this perly expressed in Enghsh except by the use plan are many, and will be duly appreciated. of typographical signs ; such as, Initial Capi- Vei*sioii. The column on tal letters, italics, small capitals, and ti. New — CAPITALS. the right hand side of tlie page is a New The Common Version of the New Testa- Version for general reading. This ren- ment fails to give the reader a full conception dering is based upon that in the left hand of the meaning designed to be conveyed by Column, and the labors of many talented the Greek original, in regard— 1st. To those Words which are connected Critics and Translators of the Scriptures. with the Greek Article The Headings of the oldest Manuscripts '2d. To those Pronouns Substantive which now known are sometimes incorporated, are intended to carry in themselves a peculiar emphasis ; and, always referred to. In this Column and 3d. To those Adjectives and Pronouns the Emphatic Signs are introduced, by which obtain a comparative importance, by which the Greek Words of Enipliasis are reason of the position which they occupy in designated. For the use and beauty of the Greek Text, with reference to some other words. reader is requested this arrangement, the To remedy these deficiencies, tbe following to examine the annexed remai'ks on Signs System of Noattion is empioyed in the Eng- of Emphasis. lish column of the Diaglott. The Chapters and Verses of the Common 1. Those Words rendered positively em- have retained, principally for phatic by the presence of the Greek article, are Version been " convenience ofreference. Thereaderhowever, printed in Small Capitals : as, The life was by following the paragraphs in the opposite the light of men." column, need not be governed by these arbi- 2. Those Pronouns Substantive which, in trary divisions. Chapters and Verses were the Greek, are intended to be positively e'>^- not introduced till the middle of the 16th cen- phatic are printed in Black Letter: as, "^C tury. must increase, but I must decrease." 3. Foot Notes and References. 3. Those Adjectives and Pronouns which in the Greek are comparatively emphatic^, as in- various Readings of the Vatican —The dicated by their position, are printed with an MS., Notes for the elucidation of the te.ict, Initial C;ipital Letter: as, "One Body, and and References, are introduced at the bot- One Spirit, even as ye are called in One Hope tom of the page. The Notes are critical, of your CALLirJO." 4. AH Greek Substantives, as being of more suggestive. illustrative, explanatory, and importance than other words, are also com- Old Testament quotations are always re- menced with a Capital Letter. ferred to, and copious parallel passages m By adopting tliese Signs of Emphasis. U is certainty and intensity are eriven to the New. believed passages where they occur, as well as vxrncti;^ in 4. Appendix.—It is intended to add and earnestness to the discourses which they are found; thus rendering the reader, :i an Appendix to the Work, containing all hearer, as it were, of the life-words of H -u the Geographical and Proper Names ' who snoke as never man spoke." or wUitB found in the Nl-w TesKimeut, vvitli Wo.di were enunciated by His inspired apoatles. LETTERS m PEONI'SCIATION Of THE GEEEK ALPHABET. riGCTRB. NAMU. SOURD, Ott POWER. REMARKS. A a Alpha a *,* AccKKTS are said to B 3 Beta b sometiineii assist the reader to dia<"riminate between hard, in r y Gamma g as be^in viordo u'hich are alike iu A S Delta d fin in, but different in meaning; but as iliey are by no E e Epsilon e short, as in met means iipcessnvy, cither for the prououueing or under- Z C Zeta z standing of the Gi-eek lan- euag'e, and as the earliest ol H 7, Eta e long, as in keen .rll the manuseiiptx of the d Theta th G:ePk Testament is without accL-nts. it haa been thought 1 I Iota i best to omit them in the K K Kappa k DiAoi.oTT, leaving the fense, in do.ibtful cases, to be de- A A Lambda 1 termined by the context. If accents favor a particular M /4 Mu m sense, ic may be an erroneous one, and then they are inju- N »/ Nu n rious ; and if they do not "favor any particular E I Xi X sense, then they are unnecessary. O Omicron o short, as ia lot Pronunciatioji. Consid- IT Pi — n p erable discrepancy of opinion p llho r prevails among the learned p concerning the proper sound ^ or, final s Sigma s of some ot these leltors, and as it is impossible at this dis- t T T Tau tance of time to ascertain T t Upsilon u the mode of pronunciation among the ancient Greeks, 4> Phi ph the simplest plan is to consider each Greek letter Chi hard, as in as X X ch chord corresponding in sound to ijr Psi ps its correlative letter in our ^ own alphabet, as sliowu iu Omega o long, as in throne. the Table.

The Letters are divided into seven vowels and seventeen con- sonants.

The Vowels are e, o, short; 77, &>, long; and a, i, v, doubtful. DiPUTHONGS are formed of two voAvels joined together, and are twelve in number ; six propei-, at, av, et, ev, 01, ov and six im proper, o, rj, w, -qv, wv, vi. The little stroke under a, rj, w, standing for Iota, called Iota subscript, is not sounded, but merely serves to show the derivation. Labials, (it, The S, to | and the Dentals, ts ds toC

The letter v can stand only before Dentals ; before Labials it becomes fx- before the liquids, (A., ytt, y, p,) assimilation takes place, eo that before \ it becomes A, before p it 'becomes p, &c. Before Palatals v is converted into y but observe, that whenever 7 is found before another 7, or either of the other Palatals, it is always pronounced like n ; thus a77eAos {angel) is pronounced aw gelos, not aggelos. 1* ;:

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON GRAMMAR.

Every woi'd having a vowel or diphthong for the first letter is, irx most printed books, marked at the beginning either with an atipirate, or rough breathing, ('), as ^Ajos, {sun,) pronounced as if written Aelios ; or with a smooth one, ('), as eVt, (upon,) simply read epi. The former one of these breathings is only of necessarj' use, and may be considered as having the force of the English letter h. aspirate is placed over and v The f, when they stand at the beginning of a word; thus podov, [arose,) prononnced rhodon. [n diphthongs the breathing is placed over the second vowel thus vios, [a son,) pronounced why-os. When p is doubled, the last one takes the aspirate, as eppwa-o, pronounced errhoso. Words in Greek arC of eight kinds, called Parts of Speech; viz., Article, Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participlp., Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction. The Article, Noun, Pronoun, and Participle, are declined with Gender, Number, and Case.

There are three Genders ; the Masculine, Feminine and Neuter.

There are two Numbers ; the S^'ugular, which speaks of one, as \eyos, a word; and the Plural, which speaks of more than one, as Koyoi, words.

To these the Greeks added a third number, called the Dual, which only sp % of two, but this number was not much used, and is not found eitlier in tlie Septuajjint, or New Testa- ment. There are five Cases; the Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusa- tive, and Vocative. The Article 6, v, to, generally answers to the definite article the in English. When no article is expressed in Greek, the Eng- lish indefinite article a is signified. Thus avdpwiros means a many or man in general ; and 6 auQpcairos, the man. It is thus declined : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

^[ETArrEAAION] KATA MAT0AION. [GLAU T(Ui: OB] BY UATTLltU'. ACCOKDI^G TO MATTHEW.

KE*. 1. Cir.VPTER 1.

1 A Ileorister of the A record of descent ofJeeu* ChriaL, soq of X Linenp:c of Jesus Christ, wiauiS, vlov A^paau. '^ A^paafj. eyeuvrjo'e rov Son of Da\id, Sou ol Dand, »«a of Abriam. AljrAatn begot the Aljialiam. I(roa/c- \(TaaK Se tyez/i/Tjcre tov laKoc^- laicwB 2 From Abraham pro- Isaac; Isaac and be?ot the Jacob; Jacob J ceeded Isaac -, from Jlsr\- Sc ey^pvrfcre rov lovbav Kai tovs adeXcpovs ac, Jacob; from J Jacob, and faeg:ot the Judaa ,-tnâj8. /3oo^ Se eyevvrjcre tov D.I37)S e/c by Rah.^B; from Boaz, by the Rîchab. Booz and begot the Obed by Obed, by Ruth ; from TTjs 'Pov6. n$r)S Se eyevvrjae tov learcrar Obed, Jesse ; the Ruth. Olvd and begot the Jesse; îeegot the Abia; Asa; A/S-a Se eyevvrjore tov Acrcx- * Acra Se eyevv7}

auTov, iTTi . T]s fieToiKea: - Ba$v\ci>vos. the CAEEYING-AWAY tO of him, near the lemoval Baijyloman. Babylon.

• Vatican MAScscBiPT—ri make up fo'irteeii geuer .t ons, s mi'i., ;..r.ed in vorse 1". Doddridpe, liacknight, Clarke, and scrrj; others, adopt this reauin^r. It is not found in tiie Okiwt MsS. i 1. lii. 23. t 2. Geii. xsi. .:jcy. Luke 2; 26; xiix. 55. t 6. 1 Sam. xvi. 1 j xrii. 12. » 8am. xii. 24. ,r 7. i Ca.on. iii. 10.

ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND PROPER NAMES, WEIGHTS, HfEASURES, COINS, PRECIOUS STONES, APOSTOLIC WORDS AND PHRASES, kc, CONTAINED IN THE BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT.

A.AUON', [a ttaeher, Lefty,] the first hiph pears to Leve been to elvc an accotint ol priest of the Jews ; the son of Amram, of ihe introduction of Christianity to the brother .Moses the tribe of Levi, and of and Gentiles ; hence we find the calling of tlie Miri:i.:n; appointed by God, i lob. v. 4; vii.U. Gentiles, the conversion of Saul, and his AAUON'S KOD that blossomed, Heb. is. 4. labors as the apostle of the Gentiles, more See the account. Num. xvii. minutely related than anj-tuing else. This AHADDON, \1he Destroyer,] kin? of the book may be considered as a conneotinor locusts, and ansfel of the iibj-ss, Kev. ix. ii. link between thepreviou.s histories and the AlitL, [vanity,] the second eon of Ad:im and apostolic k'tters, and a key necessary for iv. Eve. His history. Gen. 2—H ; his faith, the right understanding of them. In this lleb. XI. 4. his blood, Luke xi. .M ; Heb. xi. book we re.nd how the Church was first •.;4; called "righteous" by Jesus. Matt. formed and sot in order, and find the true Txiii.vS. mode', after which every congregation ABILENE, \the fafher of mo^nnny ,] a Pro- ouarht to be conttructed. vince of Ca-.o-Syria, between Lil^nus and ADAJ\L fgcrthy,] the first man, and father ol .\nti-Iiib3nu8. the humaii race. Gen. i. •.;«. 'J'he name is ADO.MlNAlIO.'f OF DESCLATIO*:. (ittaft. sometimes given to mn,n in ger.ovai. xii. x\iv. 15; Dan. ii. 27; 11,) pro-ib.y re- . SKCOi>o—Christ so called. 1 Cor. xv. fers to the ensigns or banners ot ti.e homan 2-.'. 4.T—47. ar.iiy, with the idolatrous, and, tuerefore. AUOPTIOX, or Sojiship, from A»<»'-'i—.'- oc- abominable ininees on them. curs only in Kom. viii. 15, 23; ix.4; Gal.iv. AlUvAHA.M, [j'ather of a muititude,] was the 5; £ph. 1.5. son of Tevah Gen. xi. 27: tbe te;.th from ADRAMTTTIUM, [the court of death,] now Shem, in the line of lleber, and born at L'r, Kdrem.it, a seaport of Asia Minor, in Mysia, a citv of Chaldea, A.M. 2008. Hik historj- 70 miles north of Smyrna, Acts xxvii. •>. oci-u'pies a large portion of tb" book of ADPtlA.anameof the Adriatic sea, or Gull Genesis, and is Intimately connected with of Venice. See Acts xxvii. 37. both the .Jewish andChristiuninstit;'*'.on3. ADVKliSARY, (see âtan.) one of the em- Called "the friend of Gid," James i'. 2S. ynaticaland distinguishing names of Sa- and "heir of the world," Uotn.Sv. 1.3; and tan ; and so applied to his agents. because he believed Gou, and received the ADVOCATE, one that pleads the cause ol promises, he has been con>tituted a father anotlier. It is one of the official titles ol to all bilievers, wbether Jew or Gentile. Jesus Christ, the Righteous one, (1 John iu See Kom.iv. 11-10. 1.) ani iti import may be learned from allusion ACliAllAli'S BJSOM.Ân to the J.ihn Tvii ; Rom. viii. S4 ; Heb. vii. 25. posture in wlilch the oews and other east- AG.VIiUS, (a loeuit, a f>:i.»t of a father,^ a em nations o'acod tlienistlves at table. pronhet who foretold a famine which came John recliiieo on the bos.im of J esua at sup- to p:v»* 'n the fourth yearof Claudius Cesav, per; hence Abraham's bosom denotes both A. I). 43; Acts xi. i8; and who met Paul at honor and felicity, Luke x > i. 2.'. Cesarea. and warned him of what he would AHYSS. a very ae.^p pit, referring often to have to suffer, if he went to Jerusalem, that vast bolly of Ti-ater wliuh in Jewish Acts x.\i. 10. opinion was 'aid up in some cavemous re- AGE, aioon, an indefinite period of time, past, ceptacle within the earth. It refers some- present or future. T his is the proper trans- ti'nes to the dark sepulchres of tlie east, lation ofaioon, which in the common version which, hewn out in the rock, and descend- is often improperly rendered world, aluayn, ing far beneath the surfaca, firmcil a kind and forever. The word occurs abût 100 ofunder-wor'.d, Kom. x. 7- Also an Apoca- times, in its singular and plural forms. The Ivptic symbol of the nbode and doom of adjective form of the same word, txiooniox, is those powers which are hostile to Ciirist f lund about 75 times, and isapjdied to zoe, I'fe, and his church. 45 times; to fire, 3 times: to glorji, .-; ACELD.VM.V, Itke field of blood,] a piece of times, &c. Eternal or eterlattlnrj, as gen- ground south of JeruâlciU, on the other erally understood, is an improper transla- also Bide of t'le br 10k Siloatn ; culled the tion o{aioonios: in fact, we have no proper Potter's field, M itt. xxvii.8; Acts 1.18,19. equiv.alent in the English language. Being ACILVIA, [gr*ff< trouble,] a Province of Pelo- an adjective .-xud derived from the noun, ponnesus; also, a Province including all aioon, age, it cannot properly go beyond its the south part of Greece. meaning. ACH.VICUS, anativeof Achaia, iCor.xvi.l". AGUIPI'A, [caustntj pain at his birth,] King, ACTS OF APOSTLES—written by Lukeas a and Tetrarch under Claudius Cesar, Acts cjntinuation of his history of t!ie life, etc., XXV. lo— -7; xxvi. of Jesus ; and relates chietlv the actions AIU, or AiMospHEai:, frequently a symtKil and suiferings of Peter, John, Paul and of government. See Eph. ii. J: llev.ix.2: Bamr.\w», in connection with the history XVI. 17. bf the Church for about 30 years, or to about ALACASTER-noX, made of Alabaster, a A. I). 03> 'i'hfi chief deslKTi of the writer ap- brv(;ht white Ibssii, retuimbliixr marble, ia 27* ALPHzVUETICAL APPENDIX

which preolous porftiines are enclosed. which God £mploys as his special agent: Blatt. xxvi. 7. "Ureakini^ of the box," is and also to the agents of every creature; knockins off' the seal, and not breakinsLtho The New Testament authors speak of an- vessel, Mark xiv. 3. gels of congregations, angels of little chil- ALi;XANDEK, Ithe helper of men,-! one of dren, the angel of Peter, and an angel oif that name mentioned ia j\I;u-l; xv. 21; Acts Satan. In all versions the word anggelos Is iv. 6; xix. 3:5; 1 Tim. i. 20 ; 'i Tim. iv. 14. occasionally rendered by the term messen- ALLXANDHIA, a celebrated city and sea- ger, and frequently by the v.-ord angel, port of Ep-ypt, founded by Alexander the which is, indeed, now naturalized and Great, about B. C. 3"3, andsituatedbetween idopted intc our language. the Jlediterranean Sea and Lake Mareotis. ANNA, [graeioM,] a prophetess and widow, A library of 7(K),000 volumes was burned of the tribe of Asher. Luke ii. .^0—38. here by the Saracens in the seventh cen- ANNAS, [one who answers,'] an high priest of tury. Acts vi. 9; xviii. 2-1; xsvii. 6. the Jews, Luke iii. 2 ; John xviii. 13, 24; ALLEGORY, a symbolical discourse, nearly Acts iv. 6. resembling a parable or fub'.e, penerally ANOINTED, The—the English translation used among' oriental nations to illustrate of the Greek term, ho Chriatos, and is given some principle or doctrine. See John x; to Jesus, God's Son, on account of his beir.g XV; Gal.iv. 24. anointed with the Holy Spirit, to the sacred ALLELUIA, or IlALLELnJAH, [Pratse you the offices of Prophet, Priest, and King. See LordA A common exclamation of joy and Psa. ii. 6; xlv. 7: Ixxxix. 20; ex. 4; Isa.lxi. iii. praise in the Jewish worship. The saints' 1 ; Luke 22 ; iv. 18 ; Acts x. 88. sonP'atthefall of Antichrist, Rev.xii.l—fl. ANOINTING, a Jewish ceremony, by which AL'.IIGHTY, able to do all things; an attri- persons and things under the law, were glorified Jesus, consecrated, or set apart for the Bervicc of buto of Deity ; also of the iv.8. &c. God, anointing them with oil or ointment Rev. 1.8; , . , , ALIMIA and OMEGA, the first and last let- of a peculiar composition, prescribed m XXX. 23—33, the use ters of the Greek alphabet ; both applied to Exod. common of which Rev. 1.3; xxi.O. , was expressly forbidden. Priests and kingo Christ, , , , ALPilEUS, [thousand, chief,] the father of were anointed with it, probably typical ot James and Jude, Matt. x. 3; Luke vi. 15; the anointing of Messiah and hisassociatea xxi. 18. Supposed to be Cleopns, J ohn xix. with the Holy Spirit. Samuel anointed of Levi, or Mat- Saul, (1 Sam. x.l,) and David, (1 Sam. xvi. 25 ; Acts :. 13.— The father thew, Mark ii. 14. 13,) and on this account they were called ALTAR, a sort of elevated hearth on which the Lord's anointed ones; 1 Sam. ixiv. 6, to offer sacrifices to God. The Christian 10; 2 Sam. xxiii. 1. The reception of the altar referred to, Heb. xiii. 10. Holy Spirit by believers is called an anoint- AMBx\.SSADOR, one who holds a commission ing, 1 Cor. i. 21 ; 1 John ii. 27. and carries a message immediately from ANllcHRiST, a word only found in John's the person of a prince. Applied exclusive- epistles. It occurs five times, 1 Jolni ii. 18, 22; iv.3j 2 John 7. It signifies, against ly to the Apostles, 2 Cor. v. 20 ; Eph. vL 20. (iMETUYhX.—See Rbecious Stones. Christ, and is defined by John to be any one AMPHlPOLiS, now called Embuh; a city who denies the Father and the Son, or that lying betv.-een Mncedon and ll.race, 4S Jesus Christ has not come in the flesh. miles K by N. of Thess;ilonicn. Acts xai i. ANTIOCH, [fpeedy as a chariot.] Two cities AMELIAS [large,] an individual highly es- ofthis name are mentioned in Scripture; teemed by Paul, Rom. xvi 8- 1. T*^" capital of Syria, on the river Oron- , ^ , „ aNANMAS \theclovdoJ the Lord,] .ind SAP tes, 18 miles from its mouth. It was built by Seleucus Nicanor, about 300 years B. I'UIRA. \that tells, \ their sin and punish- C, menu Acts v. 1—11. and named after his father Antioehus. It high pnest, mentioned Acts xxiu. is now called Antachia. Here the disciples 1—5. of Christ were first styled Christians, Acts a djsctplf of Jesus. Acts ix. 10— IS. xi. 20. 2. Antioch, now Akshekr, a town ol ANATHEMA MAKANATUA. a Syriac ex- Asia Minor, in Pisidia, 180 miles W. by N. clamation, signifying. Accursed, our Lord of Tarsus. comes. This language must not be re- ANTil'AS, {against all,] Antipas Herod, the garded as an imprecation, but as a predic- son of Herod the Great, who beheaded Join tion of what would certainly come to pass. the Immerser, Matt. xiv. 3, 4; Maik vi. 17, In devoting any person to destruction, or 18; Luke iii. 19, 20, and who ridiculed Je- in pronouncing an anathema, they some- sus, by enrobing him in mock roya ty. times added, " The Lord will put this sen- Luke xxiii. 11.—Also, the faithful martyr tence in execution when he comes." Hence mentioned Rev. ii. 13. originated the Anathema Maranatha, "He ANTIPATKIS, lagaiiist the father,] a town will be accursed when the Lord comes." of Palestine, 25 miles W. S. W. of Samaria, ANCHOR, "cast out at the stern." Acts named in honor of Antipater, the father of xxvii. 29. This is not usual in modern He rod. navigation.but was done by the ancients, APOLLONIA, [.destruction,'] a town of Mace- and is still done by the Egyptians. donia, 30 miles E. by S. of Thessalouica. ANDREW, [a stout and strong men,] an Acts xvii. 1. apostle ot Jesus Christ, a native of Bethsai- APOLLOS, [one who aestror/s,] a Jew of Alex- da, and brother of Peter. John i. 40; Matt. andria, described as an eio(iueut man, and IV. 18. mighty in the Scriptures. Acts xviii. 24. ANDliONICUS, [a »/i«m excelling others,] APOLLi'ON, [a destroi/er,} answering to the R.im. xvi.7. Kehrevrnaxiie Abadd ,n. Rev.ix. 11. . , ^ , A^'GEL. This word, both in the Greek and APOSTLE, apostoUs, one sent by another. He'orew languages, slgnihes a messenger. The word is found over 80 times in the .''. ew It denotes ot;ice, and nut the nature of the Testament. It is applied to Jesus, as God's tlie agent. The word occurs 18S times in the Apostle, John xvii. 13; Heb. iii.l ? to New Testament, and is applied to celestial Twelve, the intimate comi)anions oi Jesus sent benitrs, to men, good and bad; to the as A is Apostles ; and to those persons wind*, fire, pestilence, and every creature out by congregationsv such as, Barnabas, TO THE N'::w testament.

Sylvannj, Tlrmthy, &c., as Apostles ol ASIA, \muddi/, boggy,] in the Now T-sla Lllf.l-cIlLit. inent, sometinics nie.-ins A»ia Minor, whi.-li APl'lllA, [that prtxtacrsj Philemon 2. includes the provincesof lUthjTiia, Ponti'"-, Al'l'II FOi..c.>l, a town of Italy, near the Galatia, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Pamphyii;. modern town ASSOS, laiiproarhing,] a seaoort of Asia try in Asia, Iv iiLjeasl of the Ked Sea, and JMinor, in Alysia, 3-i miles W.' of Adramyt- Svriii, south of Pak'stine and extendiir,» tium,no\y called Betntm. Acts xx. 1:*, 1*. 15(i0 nortli south, l2(^o miles from to and ASYXCRITES, Itnromparable,'} a disciple a', from east to west. It was divided into 1. Rome. Rom. xvi. 14. Arahia i'V/iz, f>r tlie Happy, in the south, ATHENS, lutfhont increase, of Minerva,] the which is very fertile ; 'i. Arabia Petrea, or principal city of ancient Greece, situated Rnekij, in the north-west^ includinif the on the Saronic Gulf, 46 niiles E. of C(n-iiii li Idiinn'a; and 3. Arabia Deserta, or tlio and 300 S. W. of Constantinople. It was Dexerr, in the north and nortli-east. The for a long time the most celetiratod school Ismacliteschieflv pcnolcdthis reijion. Men- in the world for learning, arts, and sci- tioned Ai«forifa//(/, 1 Kinijsx.l—5; C'JLiron ences. Acts xvii. 15— .•(4. 1— propketieally. Is,"., ix. 14; Ga\.\.'\7 \ xxi. ATONEMKXT, from katallagee, reconcilia. l:J: Jer. XIV. 24. tion, is found once thus lendered in the A-UAIUANS, mentioned Acts ii. 11. Common Version, Rom. v. 11. and evi- ^KCUANiiEL, or the CHIEF angki,, allucfed dently has the original and old English tol Thess.iv. 10; .Ir.deO. •enseofAT-oNE-MENT attached to it. The AHCHELAUS, Ithe prince of the people,'] -. »ncans by which two enemies were recon kin^f under Cesar, and son of llerod the conciled or made at-tne, or their state ol r.reat. Matt. ii.2.'. harmony, was an af-one-ment. ^HCHIPPUS, [governor of hor»ell,^ a minis- ATTALIA, [that increases,] a seaport of Asia ter or servant of the Lord, and mentioned Minor, in Pamphylia, on a RayoftheMedi

Col.iv. 17; Philemon 2. terranean ; now ca!'od Safoiia. AKKOI'AGITK, a title of the jndcres of the AUiiUSTL'S, [venerable,] the nephew and supreme tribunal of Athens, (Acts xvii.34,) successor of Julius Cesar, and emperoi: cl and d'.'rivedfi-iini Rome at the time of our Savior's birth, lie ARKOPAGl'S, [the hill of Mart,] which sip- aiijiointed the enrollment. Luke ii. 1. nifies either the c<»urt of Athens itscit, or AZOR, [a helper,] the son of Eliakim, Malt the hill on which it was held. Acts .wii. 10 i. |:<. AltliTAS, [one that pleases,''^ a king of Ara- Azores, [ptllage.] or Asunon, now Ezdoud, bia, Acts IX. 23; 2 Cor. xi. »2, 3:<. a town of Palestine, in the country of llie AHIMATIIKA, [ahon. dead to the Inrrl.] or Philistines, 20 miles S. by W. of Joppa. KA.MAii,a town of Judca, supiiosed to be the modern Kamla, a town almut KO miles BABYLON, [confusion,] capital of Babylo- to N. W. of Jeriisalem, on the road Joppa. ni 1, or Chaldea, situated on the Euphrates. AKlSTAllCllUS, [agooilprince,] Paul'scom- It was one of the most renowned cities on panionand fellow-prisoner, Acts lix. 29; the globe. Its waMs were 60 mi:es in cir- XX. 4; xxvii.2 ; Col. iv.lO; Philemon 24. cuit, and were reckoned one of the seven AJIK, i.Siiah'a,) described, Cen. vi. 14—16; wonders of the world. The ruins of this and alluded to, 1 I'et. iii. 21. city are now seen about 60 miles south ot ARK OF THE COVE.VANT. for the preser- Bagdad. vation of the tables of the law, &c., its hi.i- BABYLON, (Mystical,) Rev. xiv.8-, xvi. 19 . tory, Exod.xxv. 1(}— 21; ixxvii. 1—9; Josh. xvii.; xviii. ill. 15— 17; ISam.iv. 11; v. 0; vii. 1, 2; BALAAM, [the old age, or ancient of the peo- v. 2 aam. vi. ; xv. 24—2'J; 2 Chron. 2. IS, 14 ple,] a prophet of the city of Bosor on tlie alluded to, Heb. ix. 4. The Ark and its con- Euphrates; his kislnry, Num. xxii— xxiv, tents were lost by thel;abylonish captivitv. xxxi.S; Josh. xiii. 22; his sin mentioned'. ARMAGEDDON, [mountatn of destruction',] Dent, xxiii. 4; Judell; 2 Pet. ii. 15; Jlev. a place in Samari.-i, east ot Cesarea; the ii.l4. mountain of Megeddon, or Megiddn, a city at BAPTIZE, bapto, baptizo. Dapto occurs 8 the foot of .Mount Carmel, and noted for times, Luke xvi. 24; John xiii. 26; Kev. scenes of carnage. The (^anaanites and six. 1:5, and is always translated rfip in t;;e Philistines, Jews and E^ryptiaus, Chal- common version. Hopttzo occurs 79 titnos ; deans and Persians, (ireeks and Romatis, of these, 7" times it is not translated at all, Moslemsand (;iiristians,of almost everj-atre hut transferred; .and twice, viz., .Markvii. and nation, have encamped around' Me- 4; Luke xi. 38, it is transl.atcd tra*A, with- ^iddo. because ot its commanding position, out regard to the manner in which it was ilii abuiiilant supply ot water and rich pas- done. All lexicographers translate it f>v tures In tne Apocalypse this place is re- the word immerse, dtp, or pinnae not one bv leried to, ntobabiy as a symlv.lical name sprinkle or pour. No tr:;nslator has ever li>r gieal slauL'hter, hev. ivi. in. ventured to render these words by iprtnkie ^K.MOR, weaH'iiHor mstrumc.ts of defence. or pour in any vetsion. In tlie Septuajjint 1 fie Christian's aimor descr Jed. tph. vi. version we have pour, dtp, and ttprtttkU. cr . '• , n Ac curnngiu Lev xiv. !.., 10, lie shall p'lw

I trhott. tmtud. dtn.»iple AK FK.MAS, \ n 8ent by the oil. he shall dtp his finger in it, and he Paul into Crete, instead ot lilos, TituB iii shall sprtnkle the oil " Here we have rke-. IJ topap'i««u uccurv 22 time?.

< I '(.^*:v-zi> l'i.>. . Mild liaultau.ut 4 (luies. —

ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX BAPTISM BY FIEL:. To be "immersed in BKTHLRHEM, Ikous* nf bread,-] a town of lire" is an emblem ot dastniction. Com- J udea, 6 mnes s. of Jerusalem. The place is noted on account of its being the birth- 1 are Mai. iv. with Matt. iii. 10—12. IN TiiE HU1.Y SPIRIT. Prom- place of David and Jesus. It w.is styled Ephrafak. ised by Jesus, Acts i. S; fulfilled on the day Bethlehem of Judah, or Bethlehem of (Mioah V. 2,) to distinguish it from another o( Feutecosl, Acts ii ; also in the house Cornelius, Acts xi. 16, 17. These super- Bethlehtm, in Zebulon, near Nazai'eth, Josh. natural gifts, both external and internal, xix.15. and possessed by the Apostles and thu BE iHPAGE, [a place of figs,] a village on Olivet, fii-st-fruits of both Jews and Gentiles, were Mount near Bethany, and nearly 3 miles Jerusr.lem. sa over^vhelminp, as to be fi.tjuratively E. of [a hoiise called an immersion in the Holy Spirit. BEfllSAIDA, of fruits,] a town of G.ililee, coast fllAHABBAS, [son oj shame, confusion,] anotea on the west of the lake of Ti- criminal at Jerusalem. Matt. xxvii.lO—-Jl; berias, S. W. of Capernaum; the biithplace Mark xv. .6— 11; Luke xxiii. IS—i5; John of Philip, and residence of Andrew and Peter, i. xviii. 40. John 41; a woe was pronounced BAKACHIAS, [who blesses God,] the father against it by Jesus, Matt. li. 21, and it was oi Cachariah, mentioned Matt, xxiii. '6b. one of the first places ravaged by the Ko- BA1:-JKSUS, [son of Jesus,] in Arabic his mans. name was Elymas. See Elymas. Blii I tiRIGHT, the particular privileges en- BAR- JONAH, [the son of a dove, or of Jonah,] joyed inmost countries by the first-born son. the a Syriac designation of Peter. Matt. xvi. With Hebrews he was peculiarly 4 xxi. 16—17. See Teter. the Lord's, Exod. xxii. 20; had a double 17 ; John i. -. BARNAIUS, [son of exhortation,] a disc-.nle share of his father's inheritance, Deut. iii. over of Josua, and haul's companion in laoo/s; 17; had dominion his brethren, Gen. mentioned Acts iv. 86. 87; xi. 2-2-30; xii. Xivii. 29; and succeeded his father in the kingdom or high priesthood. Esau, sold •io; travels with Paul, Acts liii— xv. 35; his tirt/inyAt to Jacob, Gen. separates from him. Acts xv. 36—39 ; his xxv.31; Heb. xii. errov alluded to. Gal. ii. 1—13. 16, 17. Keuben forfeited his on account of his incest. Gen. xlix. BAUoABAS, [son of rest,] Joseph Barsabas, 2, 3 ; so his tribe al- burnamed Jusiue, one of the tiist disciples. ways remained in obscurity, while hi» younger brothers shai-ed Acts i.-J3; XV. -22. the privileges BAKTHOLOMKW, [a son that suspends the Levi had the priesthood; Judah the royalty Joseph wate.-s,l one of the twelve apostles, proba- ; and the double portion. bly the same as Nathaniel. Matt, x, 8; BISHOP, episkopos. Overseer; svnonTmous Acts i. 13. •wilh Elder, and bhepherd. See klderl Mark iii. 1« ; Luke vi. 14 ; n\RTlMELS, [son of the honorable,] men- BiidYIS'lA, [violent precipitation,'^ a country of Asia Minor, tionevl Malt. xx. i»—S3; Mark x. 46—5a. bounded on the north by the BEDS. Mr. Han way descrihes the beds ot Euxine or H lack Sea. Persia as consisting "only of two cotton BLACK, or Black.'tess, in prophecy is generally symbolical quilts, one ot which is folded double and of affliction, disease, and serves as a mattress, the other as a cover- distress. See Job xix. 30; Jer. iv. 19,; viii. xiv. ing, with a liirse flat pillow for the head." 21; 2; Lam.iv.8; v. 10; Joelii.3; Was iiot the bed of the paralytic of this de- Kahum ii. 10. BL AS t' i 1 E Y, Blatphemxa, speaking scription ? Luke iv. 19; Mark ii. 4—11, M against, "Arise, take up thy bed," that is, thy mat- whether God or man be the object. Tne tjess-the quilt spread under thee. Bed is word occurs 19 times in tne Mew Testa- a symbol of great tribulation and anguish. ment. Under the law blasphemy against God was punishable with death, Kev.il. '22. Lev. ixiv. ^ , BEu-LZEBUB, or Baalzbqob, igod of the 15, 16, 23; and Jesus dechires blasphemy against the Holy Spirit fly,] an idol ot the Ekronites, 2i5Lingsi. 8. unpardonable. In the Greek New Te&tamentit is spelled Matt. xii. SI; Mark iii. 28, 29; Luke xu. 10. BeeUeboul, which means dung-god; the BLASTL'S, [that buds and brings forth,] change ot sound being perhaps introduced Chamberlain to Herod, Acts xii. ^0. by the Jews for the purpose of throwing BLEMISH, no animal having any was to be. contempt on heathen divinities. The chief sacrificed. Lev. xxii.19; Ueut. xv.il; xvii. or prince ol demons is called thus in Matt, 1; MaLi.8,14. Cliristwithout6/emi«A, I Pet. i. Christians xii '21, Luke XI. 15. 10; and to be so, £ph. v. 27. BLINDNESS, instances of. BENJAMIN, [son of my right hand,] Jacob's Gen. xix. 11 ; Sy- vounneslson. The tribe of Benjamin con- rians, 2 Kings vi. 18 ; Paul, Acts ix. S— 18; tinued steady in its attachment to Judah Elymas, xiii. 11; blindness cur«>d. Matt. ix. xii. ix. when the ten tribes revolted, and formed 27 ; 22; 30—34; Mark viii. 22 : x. 4li, Xiart oi the kingdom. Paul was of this 51: Luke iv. IS: viL21: John ii. 1. A tube, PhiLiiL5. symbol of ignorance. JiEUEA, Iheavy, weighty,] a town ol Mace- BLuuD, not to be eaten. Gen. ix. 4: forbid, den aoma now called Vtrea; Acts xvu. 10, 15. under the law. Lev. iii. 17: vii. Jitf: liEKJÎCE, [one that brings victory,] daugh- xvii. 10, 14: xix. 26: forbidden to Chris- lei ol Agiippa, suroained the Great, and tians, Acts XV. -29. The biood is the li/e of f loiei to young Agrippa, king of the Jews. the annual, and unwholesome for food: Alt/- XXV. 23. besides, the/at and blood were God's parfoi J b-hVL — See PRBfiotTS Stosbs. every sacrifice. Bhea is fiequently a svm- LKlhAIAlxA, [house nf passage,] a town on bol of war, caniaire, and slaughter, U». xxxiv.8; I he east side of the Jordan, where it was Ezek. xiv. 19; Rev. xiv. ?n. To hi'j posed to be fordable. John i. 28. turn waters inu> blood is to embroil nations l;l-. rllANY. Iheuse of song, of ajjfiict ton,'] a vil- in war. lage Situated at the foot ot Mount Olivet, 2 BLOOD OF CHBIST, ieaempt%«n throujrb it. a.iie» £.• of Jerusalem, on the load to Jeiu- Eph. I. 7. CoL 1. 14: Rev. v. 9; lanrt'fltm' Bdlem twn Ihrougtl It, Heb. i. 29; e'eaw»» from »•». i 1 1 P ESDA, [house of mercy,] a pool of wa- 1 John i. 7: Uev. i. &r tee ici«* ui ti-r >î L of Jeru.sa.em, andN. of Uwi icmpie, Lord's b'ipr<>r called liie bi-ioo. »i>d th; u.oi>tioiiea JbUu t. 3—i&. biaod ol il>8 .New Coêuant, Makl. zivi. }»: ' ..

TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. s

Markx

i , to be chan "s him. XX. 0; 1 Cor. X. 16; xi. 2.3.

/OOK, in Hebrew, ^epher, in Greek, Bihlos. BREASTPLATE. A p.irt of the Christ.. .

Various mnterials were formerly used in armor. See Eph. vi. 14 ; 1 Thess. v.8. Al- making books. Plates of lead and copper, so, a part of the high-priest's holy apparel, the barks of trees, bncks stone, and wood, consisting of a piece of golden embroidery, were the first matters employed toeiig'nivo about ten inches square, which on spec.:;) Bucli things and monuments upon as men oocasionsi he wore on his breast. It wa? were willing to have transmitted to pos- set with twelve precious stones, each bear teriiy. Hesiod's works were written on ing ttie name of one of the tribes of Israel lead; the Roman laws on brass; God's on See Exod. xii. 4; xxviii.l.'V— 50; xxxix.S— .'1. stone; and Solon's on planks of wood. B:a::"llllEN (in Chnst,) to forgive each used, TV"hcn these were last they were ge:\- other. Matt. v. 18, 23, 24; xviii. 21, 22 ; G::l.

erallv covered with a thin coat of wax, for vi. 1 ; 2 Thess. iii. 13—l.'i; to confess ther easeiiolhin writing and in blotting out. faults, and pray for each ot!;er, James v. which explains the expression of baiid 10; to love each othc-^, Horn. in. lo; when he prays thr.t his sins may be blotted 1 ThesB.iv. g, 10; Iteb. x.ii.l. out as a cloud, tiiat is, the record of them. BRIDE, a newly married woman. The con- Palm leaves, being more convenient as to gregation of Christ is espoused to h'.iii nov. bulk and port:ibleness, weie afterwards and will become liis bride in the luture age, niaue into nooks, and are still so used in sharing his nature, Bcyal diurr.ity, andd..- Inula. Then tlie thin inne.r bark of trees, minion. Psa. xlv. lO— 15; 2 Cor. xi.2; Itcv. e-i)eciaily the elm , hence the Latin word xii. 7—0. The heavenly Jeru>aleni so liber (the inner br.rk of a tree,) means also called. Rev. xxi. 9. a book. Afterwards the Papyru*. or "paper BRIDEGROOM, a new»ly married man. reed," w;i8 used. 1-sa. six. 7- Parchment Chnst 80 called. Matt. ix. l.'i; Luke v. 34. was atterwaras invented in Perg'amos. See also Matt. ixv. 1—13. Hooks ol tnese two last substances were BRIMiSTOXE A.1D riRF., employed to exe- rolk."d on sticks like cloth, and hence the cute Ood's -wrath. Gen. xix. •:4: Luke xvii. word roiumf, from the Latin word, volro, to 20: Ps.i. xi.O: Ezek. xxxiii. 22. A symbol loll. Books thus rolled inig'ht have several of destruction, Deut. xxix. 23: Job xviii. l'«| geal.i, so that a person niiiiht break oneand ilev. XIX. -iO, &c. read till he came to another; whereas, if

one of our books had several seals, all i CAIAPIIAS, [a searcher,'] a high-priest cf would be broken if one was. See ]{ev. v. the Jews, and son-in-law to Annas: meu-i " Hook of Life, —an allusion to tlie rej^is- tioned .lohn xi.4fl. 50; xviii. !.•?, 14.> cities ters kept in ancifiit of all the irar.ics CAIN, [possersinn,] the , first-born son "f of re^ju'.ar cn,;/.en6. Phil.iv. 3. Honorable Adum: hit- history, Gen. It-: alluded tu, persons, not citizenG, were sometimes en- 1 John iii. 12: Jude 11. tered here, wiiicli was firiving the freedom CALL, to invite, from A:afJain. zxi. 14, of Jasper, * war* uf chosen. •'Many are called, but few ( ho-icn Josh. X J-^i; 2oam.l. 18; at bunmel ujiurm CALLING, kltftis, protessi'in, occurs ll ina tile kmi/>iuin, i Sam x 'lb, oi .S/d/wiu/t, limes and is used once to designate u conw Ll.tontcUt i Kiiiss IV. di, 53, 01 IIh; ui liatid, niou ttiMie, 1 Cor. vii. 2u, and la all. tlie rebt 1 Ctmm. xxvil. 34; of tue mcU ffMl9wt«n,j^^_tb« ObrutUu's calkng^ ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

CAI

very i? in Kev. i. l-.>, i;<, CA lEL, [earner.] a beast of burden which allusion made ; . called common in t'.ic Last, where it is CAPEUNAUM, Ithe field of repentance, city of "'he land-shi;)," and ' the carrier ot the comfort,] a city on the sea of (jjililee, Co desert." It was to the Hebrews an unelesn niiies north of Jerusalem, and celebrated animal. See Lev. si. 4. Camels' Hair is in the Gospels as the place where Jesus woven into cloth; the coarse jiart into principally resided during tlie time of his co.-irse cloth, such as John the Iminerscr ministry, and did many of his miracles. wore, (See .Matt. iii. 4; Matt. xi. S;) or See Matt. iv. 13—15; is. 1; xi. 20—24; xvii. sackcloth, (Ucv. vi. 13;) and the Imest 23; Mark i. 21—35; ii 1 : John vi. 17, 50. parts into beautiful shawls, &c. 1 he pro CAPPAI>OCIA, iatphere,'] a large province verb alluded to in Matt, xxlii. 2i, lUustra- in the interior of Asia Minor, on the Pon- tim? the hvpocrisy of the Pharisees, by the tus, separated from Phrygia by the ri^fr a strainer, Acts u. ; 1 i. 1. custom ofpassing wine through Halvs ; mentioned 9 Pet. should be read as follows: ' \ou blind CASTOU and POLLL"X, twin sons of Jupi- out a g;na.t, and swal- ter, and guardians of seamen, accordinT to '-uides ! which strain "It is ea- used as a figurp-hpad low a camel." The expression, heathen mythology ; xxviii. sier f jr a camel to go throuph the eye of a on an Lgvptian ship. Acts 11. also punished need c," etc.. Matt. six. ii, is found in CAP 1 IVITY. God often the vices in the Tal- his people by the different t'le Koran; and a similar one and infidelity of riud, respectiun -in elephant's gom? captivities into which they were permitted through a needle's eye. Thismay be a pro- to fall. The Assi/nan captivity, mentioned, verb to describe an impossibility; or it 2 Kings xviii. 9—13; the Babylonian, Jer. mav be an allusion to the difficult task of a XXV. 12; and the Roman captivity prophe- ca:uel passing through a door not over sied of by Jesus. Lu):e xxi. 24. Christ is three feet high, on its knees. This feat said to have "led captivity captive," (Eph. camels are sometimes taught to accom- iv. 4,) or a multitude of captives. The al- plish, but it was considered a great diffi- • lusion is to public triumphs, when captives were led in chains behind the cars of vic- culty. -1 i • /-. Tl 'JA'wV [zeal.possesatoti,] a town in Oalilee, tors; even kings and great men who had about sixteen miics N. W. of Tiberias, and captivated others; a custom not only of the eastern nations in the six N. K. of Nazareth. The b;rt.\-place of Romans but remo- Nathaniel, and now called Kana-el-Jeld. test times. The phrase Imports a conquest Ur (j.arke observed among the ruins large over enemies. stone vessels, capable of holding many gal- CEDRON, or Kideos, a small brook, rtsfng lons si-nilar to those mentioned in the near Jerusalem, passing through the val- jiar«tive of the marriage, at which Jesus ley of Jehoshaphat, and flowing into the pcrtormed his first miracle. John u. 1—11. Dead Sea. It is a rapid torrent after rr.ins, CA .'\\N. [merchant, trader,] the Scripture but dry or nearly so, in the midst of sum- XV. 23; Jer. xxxi.40: John name of what is now called Palestine, or mer, -i Sam. the Holy Land, Its name is derived from xviii. 1. Canaan, the son of H;'.m, and grandson of CENCHREA, a port of Corinth, now called Noah, whose posterity settled here, and Kikries, whence Paul sailed for Epnesus, remained for JU)0ut seven hundred yeais. Acts xviii. 18. It was a place of som« com- becoming enormously corrupt, tliey were mercial note, and the seat of an early devoted to destruction, and their land church. Rom. xvi. 1. given to Israel. Its conquest is records; CENTURION, a Roman commander of a after which it hundred soldiers. Matt. viii. 5—18; xxvii. in the book of Joshua, iiv , xiiii. 4"; Acts x. 37,40. wa3 called "the land of Israel." Its boun- 54; Lukevu.2— 10; rock, or stone,] a Syriac name daries as generally laid down, are Leba- CEPHAS, \ a non on the north, Arabia on the east, Idu- given by Jesus to Simon. John i. 43; ren- Petrot. and the mea on the south, and the Mediterranean dered bv the Greeks, by on the west. Under David and Solomon, Latins, Petrus. See Peter. [one cut ont,] a title given to all'the its extent was greatly increased, by the CESAK, conquest of Ammon, Moab, Kdom, «c. Roman emperors till the destruction of beautit;.! that empire. The emperors alluded to by 1 Kings iv. 21—34. It was a most title in the New Testament, aie Jugut- and fertile countrv, and the Jews mu'.t ":pli;'d this ii. 1; Tiberius, Luke iii. 1 ; xx. in it to anastonisliing degree. The Jordan tus, Luke si. 'JS; and Aero, Acts runs southward through it. and forms t!:c 23; Claudius, Acts i v. 23. Caligula, who nucceedi of Merom and Tibenas, and hnahy xiT. 8 ; PhU. lakes mentioned. empties itself into the Lake Asphaltites. ed Tiberius, is not Ccsarea of Palestine, This country was included in the promise CES.\RKA, often called the Christ, situated on the coast of the Mediterranean made li> Abraham and his seed, sv. 18-21; ivii. »; sea, between Joppa and Tyre, built by He- sen 1.1 7 . xiu. 14-17; described, tlie Great, and dedicated to Augustus Oal 111 10— IS. Us boundaries rod Josh.i. Cesar, it was the seat of llie Roman gover- itxcd ixni 51; Num. xxxiv. 1—13 , Palestine. Cornehub resided here, 5 4. c.-iigueied ly Joshua. Joah xi. 10; ^or^5 of XI. 1—8; also Philip the Evaiige- divideil Ly lot. Josh. xiv. 1. &c.; Us borders Actsx.; lifct. Acts viu. 40; xxi. s; and here Paul lift cououered. Josh. xiii. 1; ttie reason of bis noblest Uelences, Acts xxv. eivfu Judges li. 3. KijOwn by various made one JO XI. SI. xxvii 1. '•iii>v». Canaan. Uen. X. 15— ; — ro.ir '""'' f'f "'< FHIL1PPI. a town thir-e or l.,»rt fl l-t<-m>H', H<1'. il. !\ CESAKKA ol iMJar tJie e*»iefD »oaice B,r./.«.. t*^. *»- i»i A**«^ l-utl. Ire .niii«» «r«»t L>*i». TO THE XEW TESTAMENT.

of the Jordan ; anciently railed Pnne.is, CHILDREN "of thcbridech.imber." A se- now li.ir.ais. It was eiilarprd and einlnjl- leet number of jaiests, who were the coii- lolied by I'hilip the tctrarch; and cuMod stant atieiidants on the bridegroom during' Cesarca in honor ol Tiberias C'osar : and the the marr-.aê feast. .Matt ii.15. name ol Philippi was addtd to distuifruish "of the promise." the seed of Abra- it from Ccsarea on the Mediterr:inei.n ham accordmtf to the faith, on whom the Mentioned .Matt. xvi. 13: Murk viii. 27. pr :in!sed b;essini»s would be bestowed, CIlALClÛONY. See I'becious Sto:<£s. kum. ix.8; Gal. iv. 2S. C'H A liGKo^Jesu* to the apostles. Matt. x. 1, "of the prophets,"— their disci- &(;.: to tbeseventv, Luke«. 1—12; to Peter, ples, pupils, followers. Acts iii, 25. tlie ap:>st!es John xxi. 15— 10; to before liis "of the resurrection," Luke sx. .^6. ascension. Matt, xsviii. IS— lO; M;fik ivi. A term equivalent to " the raised up. 1.5. 10; of Paul to the eiders of Ephesus, ClllA.NEKOTH, Lake of, the same as Gen- Acts XX. 17—3.1. nesnreth,—which see. Charaes with tkem, Acts xxi. 24. It was CHIOS, lopen or opeiiinp,] an i.sland of the Tneritorious amonp the Jews to contribute .ilgean sea, over against Smyrna, now t<> the expcnsL'sot sacritices and ollei ini;s, called Scio. Acts xx. 15. which those who had tîlccn the vow of Na- CHLUK, [ffrecnhfrb,] a Corinthian convert, z.iritism were to oiler when the time of the mentioned 1 Cor. i. 11. vow wa» to ba accomplished ; whoe\erpaid CHOiiAZlN, [Ihesecref,] a town of Galileo, a part of these eipenses were reputed to at tlie north end of the Lake of Tiberir.s, a

p ulake in the merits of him who falfiUed little to the east of Capernaum ; one of the tiie vow. principal scenes of Christ's ministry, ilatu CHAlUiAN, or IlAnAW, now Keren, a town X. 21 ; Luke x. 13. of Mesopotamia, 7') miles from the Euphrii- ClIOSKN, eklektns, elect, chosen. This word tcs, l.'iUniiles E. N. E. ot Antioch. Acts vii. 4. is found 23 times. It is translated in CII.A..'î'lTY, recommended. Col. iii. 5; the Common version, elect. 16 tinas, and llliess.iv.8; 1 Tim. v. 2; Titusii.5; an chosen, 7 times. Tlie passp.fê, "Formai:y example of it in Joseph, Gen.xxxix. 7; in are called, but few cliosen," Matt. xx. Job, xixi. 1—11. 6, probably alludes to the cliolce of Uomrn ClIi:)i(UB, plural Cherubim, first mentioned soldieis, from the citizens of Rome. AH Geii. iii. 34; thought by some to be an order were liable to serve, but some only were of celestial beings, but never clearly and selected. certainly applied to anfjelic nature. Tlicy CHK1«T. (See Anointed.) A Greek word were probably symbolical representations answering to the Hebrew word, .VIess.i.h of the redeemed, and often referred to in and si^^n.tyin^ the anointed or consecratcu the Old Testament, and in the book of Re- one, tlie Messiah—three terms of s;m:;;ii velation. The cherubim are represented import. Johni. 41. The name Chvint is an i ; (ii) livinff creatures, Ezek. x; Kev. iv ; official title, and is not a mere apre.latM e, or as images wroi.j^h tin tapestry, ô\d, or to distinprnish our Lord from oM^cr per- wood. Exod. xxxvi. X.t; xxxvii. 7: Ezek..xll. sons named Je<"us. The force of many p;is.

•i.'i; as having a j)lurality ot feces, Exoil. sa{?esof Seri)>turei3 (greatly weakened by XXV. aO; Ezek. X. II; xli. 18; and wingg, overlooking this. In the apostolical epis- 1 Kings vi •iii Ewk. i. 6; Kev. iv. 8. A tles, however, Christ is sometimes used as cherub presents the highest earthly forms a proper name instead of Jbsus. and powers ol creation in harmonious and Chi-uts, False, our Savior predicted that perlect union, beini? a winded figure, like a many false Messiahs would come. Malt. man in form, full of eyes, and with a four- Xi.iv.24, and his word has been abundant- fold head— of a man, a lion, an ox, ;ind an ly fulfilled. One named Coziba liv ed in the oacle. The cherubs placed in the holy of second centUTY, and had many followers, holies, overshadowed the raercy-.xeat, and and occasioned the death of more than ha't were made of the same massol pure beaten a million of Jews. Others have continued po!d, Exod. XXV. I'J; Sj.oraoiru clierubs to apiiear. even down to modern times. di'scribed, 2 Kinps vi. 2.5-CO; viii.O. It is CHRlSTiAN, CAriWianos, is found only 3 probable that tlie sernphtm of Isaiah, (chap, times in the New Testament—Acts xi. 26: vi.) the cherubtm of Ezek. el, (chap, i.) xxvi.2S: 1 Pet. iv. It). .Tiid w.isaname Kivcii and tlie /trinj/crpa/urra of John. (liev. iv.) at Antioch to those who believed Jesus to are identical, only dillVvinff in name. It is be the Messiah. thought by some that iJie K?vptian CIIRVSOl.l 1 K. See Pkecious Stokes. Bphin.\es and the winR;'d bulls lately dis- CUKYSOPHli-VSLS. interred by Lavard at Ninevah, were imi- CilL'KCIl. Sec CoMGnEGATlON. tations of the llcbrew cherubs. CILICIA, [tchieh rolU or overturns,] a coun- CIIIKF CAPTAIN of the Hand; an olTicer try in the south of Asia Miner, at the east at the head of a detachment of soldiers be- of the Mediierauean Sea: its capital was lont?infjto the R iniiin leirion, which was T.arsus. Acts xxi. 3U. lodjjed in the adjacent castle, and statiom d CIKllU.MCISlON, a cutting around, becauro on feast davs near tlie temple to prevent in this rite the foreskin was cutaway. Th:s disorder. The UoTo.nn g-arrison was sta- rite w^s ffiven to Abraham as a sign of tioned in the castle ot Antunia. that covenant which God had entered into CIIILUREN, to be instructed. Gen. xviii.lO; with him, that out of his loins should pro- Dent. IV. 0; vi. 6; xi. 18; Psa. Ixxviii.."). ceed the >Iessiah. To be spiritually circum- Lpli. vi.4; /*«rdu-;ion to them. Phil. m. ^_ tles. Gi»! IV. lU. I Joliii ii ), Clf V, kiub^luti, the Great Citi, iCev. xi. 8' ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

xiv. 8: xvi. 19: xvii. 18: xvUi. 10,10, 10, ?! : was sometimes woven iiKe a stockinsr i'it« Jerustilem, the Great City, Rev. xxi. 10: the its proper shape and size wiilmut any

Holy City, Kev. xi. 2: Xii. 2: xxii. 10. A seam. Exod. xxxix. 27 ; John xix. 2;i Sm h city is the symbol of a corporate body, coats are still worn by Arabs, and are con- under one and the same police. sidered of great value. CLAUDA, [a lamentable irjice,] a small is- COCK-CKOVVlNG. In Matt. xxvi. 34. out land near the S. W. jhore of Crete, ap- Lord is represented as saying, that " before proaohed by Paul in his voyage to Jerusa- the cock crow," Peter should deny h\;o ierii. Acts xxvii. 16. It is now called Gozzo, thrice; so Luke xiii. 34; John xiii. 39. Iku and ia occupied l;y about thirty families. according to Mark xiv. 30, he says, " before CLAUDIA, \lame,\ a Christian woman, pro- the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny m? bably H convert f Paul, 2 Tim. iv. 21. thrice." These passages may be reconciled by CLAUDIUS. Sec Cesau. observingthat ancient Greek and Latin an- LYSIAS, the Roman tribune, thors mention two cock-crov.»nps, one ol mentioned Acts xxi. 3'5; xiii. ^4; xxiii. 20. which was soon after midnight, the other CLEAN and UNCLEAN, terms used in a cer- about three o'clock in the morning; andthia emonial sense; applied to certain aiiiamls, latter, bcingmostnoticedby men as the sig- and to men in certain cases, by the law of nal of their approaching labors, was called Moses, Lev. xi; xv; Kum.xis; Deut.xiv. A by way of eminence, "the cock-crowing;" distinction between clean and unclean ani- and to this alone, Matthew, givir.f^ the malB existed before the deluge, Gen. vii. 2. general sense of our Savior's warning to The Mosaic law was not merely abitrary, but Peter refers ; but Mark more accuratelj- re- l^rounded on reasons connected with ani- cording his very words, mentions the twa mal sacrifices, with health, with the se^ia- cock-crouitngs. ration ot the Jews from other nations, and COHORT, a company of soldiers which their practise of moral purity, Lev. xi. 4.J— guarded a Roman governor or magistiate. 45; XX. 24—26; Deut.xiv. 2, », 2l. The ri- when he went into any province. tual law was still observed in the time of COLLECTION forpoor believers. Acts xi. 59: Christ, but under tlie Gospel is annulled. Rom. XV. 26—28; 1 Cor. xvi. 1 ; 2 Cor. viii CLK-MKNT, \jnild, gold,m,erciful,] mentioned 1—4;ix. 1. l'hil.iv.3. COLOSSE, [punishment, eorrectionjl a city of , , , CLL^uPAS, [the whole glory,] the husband of Phrygia, situated on a hill near the June, Mary, John xii. 25, called also Alpheus,— tiou of the Lycus Avith the Meander, aid which see. The one mentioned in Luke not far from the cities Hierapolis and 1j:io. xiiv. 18, was probably a ditferent person. dicea, Col.ii.l; iv. 13, 15. With these citirs CLOUD, an emblem of prosperity and glory. it was destroyed by an earthquake in t! e To rule on clouds, is to rule and conquer. tenth year of Nero, about A. T). C5, whils When no storm accompanies, or no attri- Paul was yet living. It was soon rebuilt. bute is att;»ched to it, a cioud is the em- It is now called Chonos. blem of majesty and glory. By Daniel it COLOSSIANS, Enistle to, written bv Paui, is said, "One like tlie sou of man came from Rome, A. 1). 62, during his imprison- with the clouds of heaveu;" to which our ment in that city, to the congregation at Lord adds, as explanatory of the symbol, Colosse. This congregation was prohaMv "with power and If reat glory." Matt. liiv. gathered by this apo&tie, as well as the one 80. Clouds are symbolical of armies and in Laodicea, though some ascribe it to multitudes, probably by their grand and Epaphras. See Acts xvi. 6; xviii.a:^. Some majestic movements. They betokened the think this epistle was written at the saire presence of Jehovah, as on mount Sinai, time, and seut by the same bearer, as tie Exod. XIX. 9; in the temple, 1 Kings viii. one to the Ephesians. It is certainly oe- 10; in the cloudy pillar, and on the mount voted to the development of the same p-iand of transliguration. They are found in many secret,— VIZ., the call of the Gentiles to a representations of the majesty of God, Psa. participation in the hope a/the glad tidinys, xviii.U, 12; xcvii. 2; and ot Christ, Kev. and to guard the Colossip.ns, wlietncr Jews XIV. 14—16. or Greeks, against Judaizing atid nhiloso- "of witnesses," Heb. xii. 1; alludes phizing teachers. Whoever woulrf under, to the spectators in the Olympic games, and stand this epistle and that to the Ephe- transferred by a strong figure to patri- sians, must read them together. archs, provihets, worthies, God, and angels, COLT, "the foal of an ass." The direction the spectators of the Christian race. given by .Tesus to two of his disciples in CLOVEN TONGUES, Acts ii. 3. An em- Matt. xxi. 2, 3, to bring him the co'tthey blem of the various languages in which the would find tied in the village, that lie might apostles were to preach the gospel. They ride thereon into Jerusalem, according to were like flames of fire parted, and these the propl'.et evidently implies a.previous tiii- parted flames looked like tongues; so a derstanding or acquaintance with the ow- name of fire is, with the Jews, called a nersofhim; for he adds, "if any one ask tongue of fire. why you loose him, you shall answer, Be- CNIDUS, [dedicated to Fenus,] a city and cause the Master needs him," Luke xix. M, promontory of Asia Alinor, Acts xxvii. 7- Accordingly, "as they were loosing the eoAL, usually in Scriptuie, charcoal, or the colt, the owners said to them. Why loose embers of fire. Froiu recent disclosures, it you the colt? They answered. The Master isprobable that mineral coal was used an- needs him," (ver. 53, 34,) "andtuet," (the ciantly in Syria. It is now procured in Le- owners.) "let them go," Mark ii. 0. banon, and a mine is worked at Comale, COMEOUTER, parahietos, advocate, moni- eight miles from Beirut. tor, helper, comforter. The original word COAf. The Jews wore two principal gar- only occurs five times, .Fohn xiv. 16, 26; xv. ments; the interior is called the coat, or 20; xvi. 7; 1 John ii. 1. Comforter is tiie tunic, Matt. v. 40. It was made of linen, most remote meaning of the word, and and encircled the whole body, extending does not adequately describe the otflce ni as down to the knees. It reached up to the the Paraclete ; it was to help and direct neck, witli long or short sleeves. Over tins well as to console. wiUi worn the iii;inlle or cIoaW. Iho i;w,.i CO.Vi.MO.V, p.iolaiii;, ceiemoi.ia.lly ancii-au. TO THE NEW TESTAMENT.

TVa Grock term koirwa, properly sipnifies the Peloponesua, on the iethmtu of C^r- what belongs to all, but tue Htlii-ni^ts tt|»- inlh; 4i miif.s W. is. W. of Athens. llw:is p'tcd it to what was profane, i. e. nut Aoh/, celebrated for wealth, commerce, arts, r vd aii'l therefore of common or promi.scuous m;iK-niftcence. Paul preached here for two TibC, Mark vii.2, 3; Acts x. 14, 15; Horn, xiv- ye:iis. AcfyS xviii. 1. 14. C6KINTH1ANS. The two epistles under COMMON, "had all thinps common. Acts ii. this name were written by Paul to 1. .•. 4i. A curQiuuuity ol (foods w:;s jjractisecl Christians at Corimh, wliere he h:id at all the Jowi:>h feasts at Jerusai<'in, and preailiCQ with gnat success. Acts xviii. no man's hou.^e was his own. So wiion Thelirst epistle w;itte;i from Ephesus v.as the Spirit was j)Oured out, on account of the in rep. y to intelMgoiice received from Cor- detention at Jerusalem, there was a kind tf inth, tnrough the family of Chlue, 1 Ci^r. co:ninunity f IF the tirue hemp, that none i. II, and by a letter from the congrcfn- mii:htsullor from want; butthe subsequent tion, asking advice, vii. 1. His cAiefdcsi; :i contributions of the saints K'.mw that there appears to hnve been to sujii nrt his own

was not an equality of property, Acts xi. authority, ditrnily. a'ld reputation ; to 2J; 1 Cor. xvi. 1. vindicate himself from the calumnies of C0N'CI310N, \_cvttinff,] a term of reproach, the factious; and to diminish the credit applied to certain Judaiiin^ teachers at and influence of their aopiring leaders, by I'hilippi, as mere cutleis ot the flcsii ; iu exhibitii'.g their errors. He reproves ti;e contrast with the true circumcision, those congregation for certain immoralities who were created anew in Christ Jesus found amongst them, but which were unto righteousuess and true holiuess, Thil. chargeable to their factious leaders. He iii.2. then tvcnts successively cf lawsuit? CONGnEGATION, ekklenia, occurs 114 times, amongst Christians; on single and m:ir and is derived from ekkalcon, 1 call out. ll ried Me; on eating me.-its otiVred to idols; is an assembly of thg callfd. The whole on his call, mission, right, ai'.d auth

the or.e body or couKregiition of the Lord ; rors and sins prevalent in the congreg."- and those meeting in one place constitute tion by timely instruction« as to dispi'.trs the Ch'-istian conRreg'ation in that p:ace. among brethren, deeorura in public assem- C'ONSCIKNCE, occurs in the common ver- blies, the Lord's Supper, spiritual gifts, tlo sion 30 times, aud once in the jilural form, resurrection of believers; give.s directions 2 Cor. V. U, for which we ha\ e in the ori^fi- for collections for the poor saii\ts in Jeru- nal, nuneidesu, compovMiJed of sun, togeth- Balem, aud closes with frieudly exhorta- er, aud eideo, to see or know,—in l.atin ron- tions and salutatioTis. trto; whence comes conscience, tlie power Paul. hriMug tebled hifl pmeerm Coritith of judging ourselves, aud the rel.iticns in by the first lett-er, iLTid bearing cf its euc- which we stand to our Creator aud to our cess from Titus, he takes courage, writes a fellow-cre-itares. The conscience is said to second letf or, speaks morebo'd'y of him- be teeak when knowled^re is limited, pure self, and deals more severely «iid sharply when free from accusation, and evil when with I'.is opponents. In this he aims at polluted w'th guilt. We have a good con- the extermination of the faction wtiiih lie science mentioned, 1 Tim. i. 5; 1 I'et. ii;. had attacked and weakened in his first let- 21; pure, < Tim. ill. 9; clear or void of of- ter. He makes good all his cU^ims to tl'e lence. Act* xxiv. 10; teenk, 1 Cor. viii. 7; respect, veneration, and submiision of tl i'

denied, T'tus i. 15; lleb. x. 22; teared, Coriiithi.niis; strips his antagonists i f 1 Tr.ii. iv. 2. every pretext; and l)y the most riathetic re- CONTKNTMENT recommended, Prov. xst. cital of his own history, and e"'hortations 8 9; lleb.xiii.5; iTmi.vi.O; instancesof, to unity and peace, c'oscf his e'>mmi'.uiea- Uen xiiiJi.O; 2 Sam. xix. 35—a7; 2 Kin{,'b tions to this large and eminenf- congrega- IV. n; Phil, iv.ll. tion. CONVEIi'iATION', edifying, recommended. COUNELIUS, [of a horn,] a pi("»s Rowian Matt. xii. 85; xxiv. 14— -S-'; Col.iii.lO; Iv.O; centurion, stationed at Cesarer* in Pales- 1 Thes». iv. l.S; V. 11 ; vain and sinful to be tine, to whom Peter was sent fro-n Joppa, avoidci*. Matt. xii. bO; Eph. iv. "JU; v. 3—7; a distance of 55 miles, to tell hu"; "word.s Col. iii.8,9; 2 Pet. ii. 7, 8. whereby be migb.t be saved," and <'n whom COOS, i\ small island in the Meditcrrane.in. and his friends, the miraculous gi("s of the neartê south-west point of As. a Jlinor. Spirit were poured out, to the i'g'.'nish- Acts xsi. 1. Ilippncrotes, the f;inious i)hy- ment of Peter and his companions. A"'ts r. fiwn.'o s.1î Appel lot, the eminent painter, Cornelius, though a Gentile, wns prol-iblv were natives ot this island, it is now called ajn-osel', te to the Jewish religion al tl:e Sfanc'iio. ti-iie of Peter's vision. COHPin, a metal, known and wroueht be- COiiNHU-SroNE,amassive stone, nsu»lli- fore trtc flood, Cien. iv.vij. Where tie word distinct from, the foundation, Jor. h 10: brojs occurs in the common version, it and Fo placed at the comer of the building sliouidbe rendered copper. as to Bind together the two walls meet- COllBAV, asacredpilt, Matt. XV. .5; xxiii. 18. ing upon it. Such a stone is found atii.ial- The J'harisces tau^Mit that a man mifjht bek, twenty-eiirht feet long, six aud a half escape all obligations to s.ippnrt his indi- feet wide, and four feet thick. gent parents, by s.-iying of his property, COU.N'CIL, a tribunal frequently mentioned be it corban." In this case, if he did not m the New Testament. The Great Council give his property at that time to the tem- so called, did not consist of the 72 elders ple he was nound to do so .at his death, who were r.gi.ially a; pointed loaas st M.i- thouijh his parents should thus be left des- se.s in the civil administration ot the gov- titute. Thus did they "make void the ernment, but was instituted in the time of Jaw" of honoring tbeir father .-vud their the .Maccabees. It consisted of chief priests, " mother, through their traditions." Mark elders, (who were, perhaps, the heads i.f vii.ll— l.?. the tribes or families,) and s-cribrs, COniNTH, ffAir* M latirll'ii, tteautv.yn cpip- amounting in the whole to 72 persons, ainl b{4ted titv of tireeio;. in '^>« uotiii pax?, of is called by J«witU writers, the ânkedn.n^ s

/O ALPHABETICAL APPEXDE This council possessed extensive authority, wi'iting in Asia, adopted the Roman meth- t,ik:ng cognii^Lii.te u^.t ou-y of reiigious od of reckoning time, which was the same matters, but of apppa.s from inferior courts as ours. ol justice, and ot llie general aU'airs of the CRYSTAL, a hard, transparent, and color, kingdom. After Judea became a Eorr.un less fossil, of arogularlj' angular form. The province, tlie Cvameil was deprived of the word translated crystal in Ezek. i. .'?, is power of inflicting capital punishments, reudered/rost in Gen. xxxi. 40; Job ixxvii. lor which reason they delivered our bavior 10, and Jer. xxxvi. SO; and ice in Job vi. 16, to Filate, demand. iig his death. xxiviii. 29, and I'sa. cxlvii. 17. The word LOVEXANT, diaihcckee, institution, ar- primarily denotes ice, and is given to this ^langcment, constitauun, covenaiit, oocu' substance from its resemblance to it. The in tlie New Testament 33 times. God's firmament above thechcruhim, the sea of promise to Noah is ca led a covenant. Gen. glass, t!ie river of life, and the light of the ix. 9—17. God's covenant v.-ith Abraham, new Jerusalem, are compared to crystal, ivii. 2—9. The bmailic law was aii^tier for their purity, clearness and splendor. covenant, Dent, i v. 13 The new and better Ezek. i. 22: Rev. iv. 6; xxii.l. covenant, mentioned Ileb. viii. 6.8, lu. CUBIT, a measure used among the ancients, COVKTOUSNESS, an eager, unrL'asonable about 18 inches long. A cubit was origin- desire of gain ; a ioncriat; alter the gocds of ally Ihe distance from the e'.bo-.v to the ex- another. It is called ulolafnj. Col. iii. 5. tremity of the middle finger, which is the Forbidden. Eiod. XX. 17; Deut.v. i:i; Eom. fourth part of a weil-proportioned man's vii. 7, xiii.O: c< nsured, Frov. x-îi. 7; Lulê stature. The sacred cubit was nearly 23 Xii.1.5: Heb. xiii.5-. throahiTigs against it, inches. Isa.lvii.l7; Jer.vi.l2. U;:tiicahii. 1,-i; Hab. CU.MMIN, a plant of an oily and spicv qual- ii.9, 11; Rom.MS, 29; 1 Cor. vi. 10 ; Eph. ity, somewhat resembling fennel, Isa. v. 5; Col.iii ?; 1 Tim. vi. 9, 10. xxviii. io; Matt, xxiii. '^3. CIIESCENS. [^r<.iving, increajsing,\ a person CUP. This word is taken in Scripture both mentioneft';"rim. iv.lO. in a proper and in a figurative sense, lu CliETANS. inhabitants of Crete, Titus 1. 1-2. its proper sense, See Gen. xl. 13; xliv. 2; CRETE, l/fes'iu,] an island at the mouth 1 Kings vii. v8. In a figurative sense, as an of the Ali.'-t'an sea, between Khodes and embicm of prosperity. See I'sa. xi. 6; xvi. Peloponnesus. Acts xxvii. 7. It is now ,5; xxiii.5; and of l>ivine judgments and Ca-ic'ia. mnn's misery, Isa. li. 17, 22 ; Psa. Ixsv. 8 ; called , , , ClUSi'US, icurled,] the chief of the Jewish Rev. xiv. 9, 10, &c. "Cup of blessing," synag-of^ne at Corinih, who was converted 1 Cor. X. 16; "Cup of salvation," Psa. cxvi. " to Chr'sLianity by Paul, Actsxviii. 6; and 13; a cup of coid water,"—a valuable gilt baptized by him. 1 Cor. i. 14. in a hot climate, where water is scarce. _ Cl.uS.S, a liindof gibbet made of pieces of M.att. X. 42; Mark ix. 41. wood placed transversely, whether crossing CUUSE, after the fall. Gen. iii. 14—19; of angles, one at the top of the other, Cain, iv. 11; subjoined to the law, Dcut. 0t right 13— T, or beicw the top, +, or diagoualh', X, xxvii. -.0; of the Israelites, if disobe- on which criminals were executed. To be dient. Lev. xxvi. 14—59; Deut. xi\ iii. 15, crucified was doomed the strongest mark &c.; remarkable instances of cursii'g. Gen. of infaiiiv.and was inflicted on the vilest ix. 25; 2 Kinps ii- 23; I'sa. cix. 6, &c.; Jer. slave, a;id the most atn cious transgres- xvii. 18; foi bidden under the posjjcl dis- sors. Dcut. xxi. 2:5; Gal. in. 13. It is used pensation. Matt. v. 44; Rom. iii. 14; James metonvmically for the doctrines ol the gos- iii. 10. Learned commentators aver that pel. Gal. ii. 2i»; vi. 14. 'irouble for the sake wherever the Hebrew word so translated of religion, Mark viii. 34; Matt. xvi. i'4. occurs in connection with the name of God CKOWN, a head ornament, worn in the East it should be rendered bless. It is actually as a mark of dignity and honor. T!u..-o often so rendered in our Bible, as Gen. used in the games were made ol parsley, xxxiii. 11; Judges L15; 1 Sam. xxv. 27; pine, flowers, &c. 2 Tim. i v. 7, 8. Tho^ e U-.r 2 Kings V. 15. Kings, of gold, adorned withgems. 2C!iron. CYPilLS, \Juir, fairness,] a large and popu- x.\iii. 11; 2Sam. i. 10; xii.bO. Metaphori lous island in the Mediterranean, situated cally, that is called a croicn which gives between Cilicia and Syria, and so called glory or dignity. Thus Jehovah is said to from the Cypress trees with which it be a crown of glory to Jiidah, Isa. ixii. 8. abounded. Barnabas and Mnason were Christ is said to have a "crown ol gold," natives of it. Acts i v. SO; xxi.IO; the gos- and " many crowns," Kjv. yix 12, meaning pel preached there, Acts xi. 10; visited by 4^ his 'ulare inctfable grandeur and sovo- Paul and Barnabas, A. D. 44, Acts xiii. jeigntv. Crown of life, a triumphant ini- 13. See also Acts xv. K9; xxvii. 4. moVuiiitv, James 1.1^; Kev.ii. 10; iii. li; CYREXE, [a wall, coUlncss,] a city of Lybia o< righteousness, 2 Tim. iv. 8, of glory, »n Africa, west of Egypt. Matt, xxvii. 3-« 1 Pet V. 4, also incorruptible, 1 Cor. ix. 2.=). Acts ii. 1 : xi. 10. CKL'CIFY, to put to .leatli by the cross. Fir/- CYliEXllS, [one who governs,] a governor H«afiic/y, it means to subdue our evil pro- of Syria. Luke ii. 2. pensitiies. 2.i, [bucket, r.II jriKlXION, Hour of.—Mark xv. DALMANUTHA, branch,] a tov.-n Btates It to be the Âirrf, and John xix. 14, of Palestine, on the S. E.part of the lake oi ILe sixth hour. This apparent contradic- Tiberias, near Mairdala. Mark vi.i. 10. tion i« supposed to have arisen from con- DAL.MATL\, [dcceit/vllamps,'i the southern founding the lebter gainma with the let- part of lUvricum, on the gulf of Yenu-o. tej Sigma, which were used as numerals 2Tim. iv. 10. in ancient MbS. Therefore it ought to be DAMARIS, [little woman,] an Athenian the

S)t. 16: XV. 3: andnowprobalily the oldest Job six. 20,27; Psa. xlix. .V); John v. Cj; city on the kIcL-c. It is ahoiit Joo nines Kcv. SI. 12. Instances of the dead raised, teoin Jerusali'in, nnd coiit;iiiis at the presby Klijah, 1 Kings xvii. 17—JS; by Elisha, ent time some hO.OUO ii\li:iliitii;its. A street 2 Kings iv. 18—i<7; by his bouee, xiii. 21; is Btill found here called "Straigiit," nin- by Jesus, Matt, ix.25: Markv.4l, 4J; Luke ninK a n.ile or more into the city from the vii. 1.5; viii.54, 56; John xi. 1—44; bv" Poter, ix. eastern gate. Aiis 11. Acts ix. 40, 41 ; by Paul, xx. 10—12. DANIKL, [judgment of God,2 called Belte- DKA I'll, how it came into the world. Gen. shazzar by the Chaliieaiis, a iirophet de^- ii. 17;, iii. IG; Itoiii. v.l2; vi.'iS; ; Cor. xv, oendcd from the rcyul laiMily of David, wherv(>d in the com ol Nelnichndner.zisr, XV. 18,51 ; 1 Thess. iv. 1.3— 16. is eij^rcssiva and I!elshaz/.ar. kintisof Bab ylon, and af- of alienation from G(Hl,and exposure to hia terwards under Darius the J^lede, and Cy- wrath, John v. 24; E;ih. ii.l—5; Col. ii. 13; rus tlie Persian. His great em uience may 1 Jolm iii. 14; second death mentioned.

be interred from Ezek. xiv. 13, 14: xxviii. •}, Rev. ii. 11 ; XX. 0, 14; xxi. 8. S, as wellasfri>mcoiisnUing' his own nar- DKHTS to be faithfully paid, Psa. xxxvii. 1\ ; rative. The bnik winch bears his name, Prov. iii. 27, 28; to be avoided, Kom. distinctly foretells the tiTiifc of Mesisiuli's llom. xiii. 8; used figuratively for our .sin.«, first advent; and under tlie emblem of a Watt. vi. 12; a parable on tlie subject. great imatfe. and of f >ur beasts, the succes- Matt, xviii. 21— 35. sive rise and fill of tlie four great universal DECAPOLlS, [tencitiex,] a district of coun- monarchies of Babylon, I'ersia, Greece, and try comprising ten c.ties, lying cliicily tc Konie, after which, the kingdom of JVles- th e eait of the Jordan, and the lake of Ti- siah, like the stone from tlie mountain, ben.Ts. shall fill the whole :u»rth, and have no suc- DKLUGE. See Flood. cessor. The prophecies contained in the DE.MAS. [popular,] a fellow-'^aborer with latter part oi the book extend from the Paul at Thessalouica, who aiterwards de- d:iys or Daniel to the resurrection of the serted him. Col. iv. 14; 2 Tim. iv. JO; deiid. Christ testifies to the gen'.iincness Ph. lemon 24. nnd authenticity of the book. Matt. xxiv. DEMI.TjIUS, [beloTiriing to eotn,] a silver- It: of which there is the strongest evidence, smith of Ephesus, and an idolater for gain. both internal and external. Acts xix. 24. Also a disciple mentioned DAKKN KSB, upematural, Exod. x. 21—2r>: S John 12. Luke ?«xiii. 44,45. Also, a symbol of igno- DE.MON, from daimoon and daimonwn, de- -ance »«id of affliction. fined by lexicons to be a heathen god, deity, DAVID. Ibelored,^ king of Israel, prophet tutelary genius, evil spirit. Plato derives •ind pxalmist. He was youngest 8(.>u of the word iro\ndaeemoon, knowing; Eusebi- .lesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Beth- us, from deim«iHoo, to be terrified; and I'ro- lehem. B C.10S5: ancV one of the most re- clus, fromdaioo, to distribute. By ancient markable men in either sacred or secular heathen writers, the word d^mor.,"by itself, history. His life is fully recorded in 1 Sam. occurs usually in a good sense. Philo af- xvi. to 1 Kings ii. The phrase, "a man af- firms that Moses calls those angclt whom ter God's own heart," does not refer to the philosophers call demo»i», and they are si her his private or persona! moral con- only ditferent names that imply one and duct, but to h\s public official acta. the same substance. In later tim.cs the D.VY. The sacred writers generally divide word was used in a bad sense. Joscphus t!ie day into twelve hours. Th e sixth hour and the New Testament writers use it in alvv.iys ends at noon throuebout the year; this manner. Some suppose demons to bo irid the twelfthhour is the last hour before fiillen angels, others the spirits oi bad men; sunset. But in sum'ner, all the hours of both theories, however, are without foun- theday were longer than in winter, while dation. The possessions of the New Tes- those of night were shorter. Dayinpro- tament are ahv.iys attributed to them; phetic style, '• I have ifivcn you a day for a never to the ho diabolus. The word demon year," isthe rule: one revolution of the occurs al.out 60 times in the New Testa- earth on its axis for a revolution in its or- ment, Whatever may be the correct idea bit. Day is also used for an appointed sea- with regard to the demons, as Dr. George son, Isa, xxxiv. 8: and for an enlight- C(i/np6f// well observes: "They arcexliil)- ened state, I Thess. v. 5. " Last day." re ited as the causes of the most direful calam- fers to the time of judgment: and "last ities to the unhappy persons whom they days," to the time of Messiali's leign, Isa. possess—dumbncs.s deafness, madness;' ii. -2: Micah iv. 1. palsy, eiiilcpsy, and the like. The descrip.' DE.VCON, dtakonos, minister, servant, oc- live titles given them always denote some " curs 31 times, and is applied to both males ill uuulily or other." Andagain, When I .ind females, whose business it was toserve find mention made of the number of de- the whole congregation in any capacity. mons in particular possessions, their ac- LKXD 8EA, StA OF SODO.M, SALT SEA, tions so particularly distinguished from or Lak> AsPHAiTtTJis. a salt lake in Pales- the actions of the man possessed, conver- tine, 70 miles long, and 10 to 13 broad. Itoc- sations held by the former in regard to the cupies the spot where the cities of Sodom disposal of them after their expulsion, and and Gomorrah are supposed to have stood. accounts given how they were actually dis- The water is clear ana limpid, but very salt posed of—when I find desires and passioTis and bitter, and ol greater specific gravity ascribed particularly to them, and simili- than that of any other lake that is known. tudes from the conduct which they usually DKAl) PEKSONS, Insensible, nnd know not observe, it is impossible for me to deny anything. Job iil. 18; xiv. "21; I's.n. vi. 5; their existence." Ixixviii. 10—19; CXV. 17; cxh i. 4-. Krrl. ix. DEMO.\I.\CS, (Jeinonized per.-o;is, or those '. xii.7: Isa. xxxviii. Ifii »iKui w i^i.«U. wbo were bupposed to have a demon oi 10 ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

demons, ocrupying them, suspending the bread to dogs," Matt. xv. 26. The bad trr^ faculties o4 their iiiiuds, and governing pertics of dogs are obstinacy, barking, cru- the niembei>s of their bodies, bo that wliat elty, iDiting, insatiable gluttony, filthmesg was said and done by them was ascribed to in lust, vomitiiig and returninjf to their fhe indwelling demon, vomit. Hence the name is given to cavil- "DEiS'AlilUS, the principal silver coin of the ling, tmprincipled teachers, Phil. iii. 2: Komans, and in value worth from 15 to 17 and to siwh as are excluded from the holy cents, according to the coinage. A denari- city, llev. xxii. 15. us was the day-wages of a laborer in Pales- DOO'H, the symbol of opportnnity, -way ol tine. Matt. x'x. 2, 9. access or introduction. John x. 7- )ERBE. lasting,] asmall town of Lycaor.ia, DORCAS in Greek the same as Tabitka in 'ill Asia Minor, to which Paul and Barnabas Syriac, that i^, gazelle, the name of a piou« fled from Lystra, A. D. 41, Acts xiv. iO. It and charitable womr'n at Jopxja, whom Pe- lay at the foot of the Taurus mountains on ter raised from the de.id, Acts ix. 36—42. the north, 10 or 20 miles east of Lystra. DRACIiMA, a silver coin common amoijif DKSEtMS, applied to hilly regions, &c., the Greeks, which was also current among thinly inhabited, Luke i. 80, Matt. iii. 1; the J ews, in value about 16 cents, or fed. and the word so translated in our Hib'.eh DRAGON, signifies eithera large fish, as the often meai>s no more than the common un- whale, or a crocodile, or great serpent. In cultivated prounds in the neighborhood of some places, it evidently means the deadly towns on which the inhabitants grazed poisonous lizard called Gecho by the East their domestic cattle. Indians. By the Egyptians, Persians, and DEVIL, from diabolos, occurs some 80 times, Indians the dragon is regarded as the es- and means a slanderer, traducer, false ac- tablished emblem of a monarch. Some- cuser. Paul uses the word in the plural times it is used for monarchical despotism number three times— 1 Tim.iii. 11 ; 2 Tim. in general. The Roman government, both iii. »; Titus ii. 3—and applies it to both in its paean and pa')ril forms, as a persecu- males and females. ting povver, is represented by this symbol. DI.VDEM, a royal head dress, rather differ- DRESS, injunctions concerning it, Deut. ent from the crown, and worn by qurie-us. xxii.5; Isa.iii. 16, &c ; lIim.iLS; 1 Pet. A prince sometimes puts on several d.a- iii. 3. dcms. Ptolemy having conquered Syria, DRINK, to sw.allow liquids. As the allot- entered Antiocn in triumph, with the dia- ments of God's providence were often re- dems of Asia and Egypt on his head. John presented among the Jews by a cup, so TO saw CD ChrisL'i head "many diadems," P.ev. receive good or evil at the hand of God is xii.S; xiii. 1 ; xix. 12. represented by rfmiAin^ its contents, John DIA3I0XD. See PtiKcions Stores. xviii. 11. To "eat the flesh and drink the DIANA, or Artemus, [luminoiis, perfect.] a bloodofihe son of man,'* is to imbibe, that celebr.ated goddess of the Komans and is, cordially to receive and obey his pre- Greeks, and one of their twelve superior cepts, John vi. 55; to partake of bread and deities. She was like the Syrian goddess wine, the symbols of his body iind blood, in Ashtaroth. and appears to have been wor- the ordinance of his own appointment. shipped at Ephesus with impure rites and Matt. xxvi. -.'6; to become one with him in magical mysteries. Acts xix. 19. The tem- Srinciple, feeling, and action. As a cor- ple of Diana was the pride and glory of ial desire and love ol divine truth is often Ephesus. It was 425 feet long, and represented as thirsting, so drinking is.used 230 broad, and had 127 columns of wh te to express the actual reception of the" Gos- marble, each 60 feet high. 1 1 was vjO years pel and its benefits. John iv. 14; vii. ."7. in building, and was one of the seven won- DHUNKEXNESS, excludes from the king- ders of the world. dom of God, 1 Cor. vi. 10; Gal. v, -n ; exut,. DIDYMUS. [a twin,] the surname of Thom- p/«». Gen. ix. 21; xix. 33, 35; 1 Sam. 25,30; as. John xxi. 2. 1 Kings xvi. 9; xx. 16. DIONYSIUS, [divinely touched,] a member of DRUSliiLA, [watered by the dew,] the third the AreopaTUS at Athens, and a convert of daughter of Agrippa the Great. She first Paul, Acts xrii. 34, and burnt as a martyr, married Azizus, king of the Emeseues, but A. D.P.7. Being I't lleliopolls in Egrpt, at soon left him, to marry Claudius Felix. the time ot Christ's death, on obssiv;-g the Acts xxiv. 24. '• supern-itural darkness he e.\ claimed, DUST. To lick the dust," Psa. Ixxii. 9, is " Either the God of nature suffers, or sym- expressive of profound submission; to pathizes with one who suifers." throw " dust into the air," Acts xxii. 23, ex- DiaTllEPHES, \nourished of Jupiter,] presses contempt and malice, and is still mentioned 3 John 9. an Arab practice; to "throw dust on the Dll', to immerse. The people of the East eat head" is a signof grief aad mourning, F.cv. with their fi'..gers instead of knives and xviii. 19; and "to wipe off the dust from forks, and therefore dip their hnnd in the one's feet was expressive of entire renun- dish. For fluid substances they have ciation, Matt. x. 14; Acts xiii. 61. spoons. John x;i.26. DISCIPLE, a learner, or follower of another, EARNEST, arraboon, a pledge ; a small per* John ix. 28. It signifies in the Kew i os- of the price of a thing, paid in hand, to con- ta!.ient, a follower of Christ, &c., or a con- firm an af,-ree'.iicnt. The word is used three

vert to his gospel. John xx. 13 ; Acts vi. 1. times in tlie New Testament, but always DISPENSATION, oiknnomia, economy, ad- in a figurative sense. In 2 Cor. i. 22 it is ministration of affairs,—from oikos, a applied to the gifts of tl-.e Spirit, v.hicli God house, nemo*, to administer—economy, bestowed on the apostles; and in 2 Cor. v. the management of a family; hence ar- 5; Eph. i. 13, 14, to believers generally, on rangement, dispensation, or administration, whom after baptism, the apostles had laid a more general sense—occurs 19 times. their hands; which were an earnest of far 1>0G. To call a person a dog in the Last, is superior blessings in tb.c age to come. Je- expressive of the higliest contempt. The rome has well said, " If the earnest was so term was .'ipplied by the .lews to Oentilos. gre.Tt, how great must be the posscssicn." it was not '' proper to •'"« the. cluldreu's EARTIL Tl»e original word in both Hebrew —

TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 13

and GreeX Is used to denote the earth as a prophet of Israel, a native of tlie town of wliolc, and a particular land. The exi)re>4- I'isiibe, situated in the land of (Jilcad, l-e- Biou "all the earth" is sometiineii used yond Jordan. See 1 Kings xvii—iii., xxl. 17— sjrnbolically for a portion of it. Some- -.'i); 2Kingsi., ii. 1— 14; ii. 36; x. ID, 17; for time!! u.-ed the people who inhatut the 2 Chron. xxi. 12—15; Luke iv. 2,5, 26; Koni. world, etc It is used also us the syinhol of xi. 1—5; James v. 17, 18. Promised to lie the preat body of the people contrasted with sent again to Israel, ftlul. iv.5; partially theeoveniuiont; antichrihtianpartot man- fulfilled in John the Baptist, who api)rared kind, etc. There are in the political and in the spirit and jiower of Elijah, Lul;e i. in the moral worlds, as well as in the natu- 17; but was not actually that prophet, ral, heavens and earth, sun, moon, and John i. 21—24. stars, mountains, rivers, and seas. ELISABETH, [oath of God,] the wife of EAilTilQLAtE, in the time of Elijah, Zacharias, mother of John the Baptist, 1 Kings xix. 11; of Uzziah, Amos i. 1; Zech. Luke i. 5. xiv.U; at the crucifixion of Jesus, Matt. ELISIIA, [salvation of God,] a prophet of Is- .\.vv;i. 54. The established symbol of the rael, son of Shupliat, Klijau's siiccessor, revolutions political and monil and coiivul 1 Kings xix. 15— 21; 2 Kings iL 3, 11—274 sious of society. See Ha^. ii. U, 7: lieb. xii. iv — ix ; Luke iv. 27. 20; Rev. vi. 12. ELIUD, [God u my praise,] Matt. L 14. EAST, towards the sun's rising. Arabia, KLMODAN, [Ooti of measure,] Luke iii. 27. Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, I'ersia, and ELYMAS, [a magician,] or Bar-Jesus,Ktruck other countries, lay eastwuid of t-'anaan ; blind for opposing Paul, Acts xiii. 8, 11. and lialaam, Cyrus, and the Map^i were said EMBALiVIING, an ancient art of preserving therefore, to have come out of the East. the body from decay. The Egyptians ex- Num. xxiii.7; lsa.ilvi. 11 ; Matt. ii. 1, 2. celled in it, and the ancient Israelites imi- Babylonians EAT. See Drimk. The and tated them. Mentioned Gen. 1. 2, 3, 20; I'ersians used to recline or lie down on 2 Chron. xvi. 14; John xix. .•^9, 40. table-beds while eating:, and the Jews E;MEitALD. See PnEcious Stones. adopted • his custom, Amos vi. 4—7 ; Esth. EM.MAT^S, [people despised,] a town of Judea, i.6; vii.8; Johnxii.3: xiii. 25. 7 mi.cd north of Jerusalem, Luke xxiv. Is. E/tlFICATlON, a building up. Saints are ENE.\.S, Uawtabte,] Acts ix. 3:5. edified when they grow in holy knowled(,'e ENi-.MlES, laws concerning theirtreatment, and practice. 1 for. viii. 1. Mutual edifica-/ Exod. xxiii. 4; Prov. xxiv. 17; xxv. 21; tion to be consulted, Kom. xiv. 19; xv.2;^ latt. v. 4-1; Luke vi. 27—30; Rom. xii. 14

1 Cor. xiv.12— JO: IThess. v. II; Heb.i. 24. 21 ; 20 examples. Job xxxi. —31 ; 1 Sam. EGYPT, [that bind» or oppresses,] bounded xxiv; xxvi; Psa. sixv. 4— 15; Lukexxiii. by the Mediterranean Sea on the north; 84; Acts vii. 60.

Abyssinia on the ?ouih; and on the east ENMl 1 Y, spoken of. Gen. iii. 13; Kom. viii. ana west by mountains, runninj? parallel 7; James iv. 4. with the Nile. Egypt is now the basest of ENOCH, [dedicated, disciplined,] son of Ja- kingdoms, as declaied in prophecy. Isa. red, and father of Methuselah, who pleased xxix. 15, and has been successively tribu- God, and was translated. Gen. v. is—:4; tary to Babylon, Persia, Greece, Kome, Luke iii. .S7; Heb. xi. 5: JudeU, 15. Saracens, Mamelukes, and Turks, during ENON, [cioiul, hisfountain,] a place near S»- SOOOye.irs. SymbolicaJ now for wickedness, lim. west of the Jordan, where John bap- Kev. xi.8. tized. John iii. 23.

ELDER, pretbuterot, prepb3'ter, whence the ENVYconnemned, Psa. xxxvii. 1 ; Prov. iiL word presbytery. Anciently applied to 31; Rom. xiii. 13; 1 Cor. iii. S; Gal. v. 21;

those who presided over Israel, and applied James iii. 14; v. 9 : 1 Pet. ii. I. by the Jews before the Christian era to a El'Al'HILi\S, tagreeable,] mentioned Col. i. certain class of officers among them. 7: iv. 12. Those of one synagogue were called the EPAPHkODITUS, [agreeable, handsome,] presbuterion, presbyti-ry. one sent by the Philippians with money to PretbuterioH, occurs three times; in Luke Paul when a prisoner at Rome. Phil. ii. xxii. 60, and Acts xxii. 5, it seems to apply 5: iv. Is.

to the Jewish Sanhedrim ; and in 1 Tim. iv. EPENETUS, [laudable,] Paul's disciple, 14 to the chief persons of a Christian con- whom he calls a first-fruit ol Achaia, Rom. frregation. The word is derived from xvi. 5. yregbuteros, an Elder, wh'.ch occurs 67 EPHESIANS, Epistle to, written by Paul to times, and is applied to seniors, or persons the congregation at Ephesus, during his advanced in years, ancients, ancestors, imprisonment at Rome, A. D. 61. The fathers; or as an appellation of dignity, to apostle shows that the calling of the Gen chief men, heads of families, or of congre- tiles was iiccording to God's purpose, and gations. Apostles were sometimes called was the development of the secret which rllders, in the sense of a senior, or old man. had been hid from ages and generations. See John 2nd and 3rd epistles, and 1 Pet. v. This grand secret he had opened by tlie 1. Still we have the phrase "apostles preaching of Christ to the Gentiles, " ^/^ and elders" contradistinguished several hope of glory," and on account of which ho times. See Acts xv. 2, 4, 0, 22. Elder, as had bec'ome " a prisoner of the Lord," and the name of an officer in the Christian con- " an ambassador in a ch.iin." He exhorts gregation, is defined Acts xx. 17, 2.S ; Titus both (ientiles and Jews, in consequence of 1.5,7; 1 Pet. V. 1,5; and is evidently sy- tlii.s wall of separation being broken down, nonymous with bishop, shepherd, ruler, &c., to maintain unity and peace. In the far.rtlj and the same duties of overseeing, ruling, chapter he gives sundry reasons why they teaching, *:«., were attached to the office. should preserve unity, for all— whether See the qualifications of each, as icivcn Lu Jews or Greeks, Barbarians, Sycthians, 5 U. I Tim. iii 1—7; Titus i. — bondmen or freemen,—were but one bod)/, tLKCTION, eklogee, choice, chosen, approv- animated by one spirit, cheered by one hope, ed, beloved i it occurs only 7 times. Htfi governed by one Lord, while one faith was ClloSKW. mutually entertained and ccTifcsscd, ore ELIJAH, or| ELIAS, fCorf U my Lord,] ^ immereion iiUtiAteU both into the AliolliluU, ALPnAliETICAL APPENDIX

and the one God was FatluM- of all. Thus ESPOUSALS, the act or ceremony of mar. they were exhuited to keep the unity of the riage, Jer. ii. 2; but someiiines me;'.i!.> only Spirit in the b md of peaee. betrothing, or making a matrirnoniil en- EPHESUS, a city of Asia Minor, situated on gagement. Watt. i. 18; Luke i. 27, 2 Cor. the river Cayster, S5 milesS.by E.of binyr- xi."2. na, chielly f.^'med for a luag-nificent temple of ESRON, Ithe dart ofjoy,] mentioned Matt. i. Diana, accounted as one of the seven won- 3. ders ot the world. It is said to have been ETERNAL, aioonios, rendered in thecommon 4i5feet lonj?, and220 broad. Its roof was version eternal, and everlasting, is the ad- supported by 1-.7 piilars, 70 feet h.gh, 27 of jective form of the word aioon, age, arid which were curiously carved, and the rest must be related to it in meaning, 'there is polished. Here the apostle Paul planted no equivalent word in English bv which Ohristiunity, and labored for upwards of aioonios can be exactly rendered, êe Agp.. three years, and the apostle John is said to ETillUPIA, [in Hebrew, Cush, blackness, in have spent most of his life, and closed it Greek, heat^ a very extensive country of here. Africa, cuinprehending Abyssinia, Nubia, fiVliRAIM, {ftnitfuQ a town of PaleKtine, &c., lying south of Egypt, above Syene. the in the country belonging to the tribe of modern Assouan, Ezek. ixix. 10; isx.6; Epluaim, 8 miles N. E. of Jerugalem. John Acts viii. '.'7. [prudent,] 2 Tiir,. xi. f. I. EUBULUS, mentioned \v. EPICUREAN'S, [xcho give assistance,] a sect 21. ot philosophers who adopted tue doctrines EUN'ICE, [a good victory,] the mother of ot EpicuiT.s. who flourished at Athens, 15. Timothy, and a Jewess by birth, but mar- C. 300. They maintained that the world ried to a Greek, Timothy's father. Acts xvi. was made by chance, that there is no pro- 1 ; 2 Tim. i. 5. vidence, no resurrection, no immortality, EUODIAS, [tweet scent,] a female disciple at and that pleasure is the chief good. Acts Philippi, Piiil. iv. 2. ^vii.lS. EUNUCH, the name given to such oflicers ^ ^ , EPISTLE, or Letteu. Twenty-one of the as served in the inner courts, and cham- books ot the New Testament are epistles. bers of kings. Seelaa. Ivi. 3—5; Matt. xix. fourteen written by Paul, one by James, 11,12; Acts viii. 27. two by Peter, three by John, and one by EUPHRATES, one of the largest and m(>st Jude. The messages to the seven concre- celebrated rivers of Asia, on which account fations, Kev. ii. and iii., are called epist.es. it is frequently styled "the river." It rises or a proper understandini? otthe epistles in the mountains ol Armenia, and afier it is necessary to consider the time, occasion, pursuing a course ot 15(<0 miles flows into design, and parties addressed. the Persian Gult. Gen. ii 14: xv.lS; Josh. The arrangement otthe epistles, as found i.4: audprophctica ly alluded to, Jer. xiu. Kev.ii.l4; xvi.12. in our Bible, is not the order ot their date ; 1—S; but Lardnar has given many reasons to EUROCLYDON, a violent and dangerous prove that it is the best arrangement. The N. E. wind, common in the Alediterranean following order as to time is taken from about the beginning ot winter. Acts ixvii. :" " Home's Introduction 14. It is called by sailors a Ifranêr. PI8TLE3 OP PACL. EL TYCHUS, [fortunate,] a young man at who fell from an 1 Then., from Coriniu, X. D. 52 Troas, open window o< " " 2 Tliess., 5i the tiiird floor, while Paul was preaching, Galatians, " " 52 into the court below. Acts xx. 5-— 12. " 1 Corinthians, Ephesu«, 57 EVANGELIST, [a publisher of glad tidings,] a Romans, " Corinth, 5; name which wâs given to those who v.ent " 2 Conntbiana, Philippi, 58 place " from place to to preach the gospel, Ephesiant, Kome, 61 Philip, one ot the seven deacons, is termed .&• boLot,Qt ko Saicnaa. See Matt. v. 37, TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 1.^

Tlll.19; Lnkexi. 4; Eph. vi. 10; 2 Thess. from grain, formerly made In the .«hr.po 'f lii.S. a shovel, with a long handle. V. .ih this t e KXA(;T10N censiircd, Dcut. xv. 3; Malt, gvam w;ii tohscd iutoiheaiv whci the w:: d xviii. in, J, like in. IS. bow, 80 that Lhe chaff was driven awa\. E.\.A.M I NATION of self, expressly co)n- iMait. iii. 12. maiided, 2 Cor. xiii. Gal.vi.4. a. so 5; See FAi> ill^G mentioned. Matt. ix. 14, l.'i; Mark Matt, vij.3; Luke xv. 1", 18; i V'>t. xi.iS. ii. 20; Luke v. 2h; i Cor. vi.-'j; with pra\c ", EXCLUI>E, or Kxcommumcatk, is to si';. ur- 1 Cor. vii. 5; the kind acceptable to ('io,' ate or Iroiii withdraw an unworthy mem- .loelii. !2. 13; Zech. \ ii. 0— 14; Matt. vi. 1,| ber of the coucngition. excluded 18. An Moses fasted ' wice for forty davs. Dent, forfeits,— (I.) fellowship person The of thj ix. 0, 18; Jesus, Matt. iv. 2; Luke iv. i. cliurch. Matt, xviii. 1". {>.) Tiie common Fasting in a., ages and amon.ar all nations, society of the members, except bo far as lias een usu.il in times o. distress; and civil relations require it, 2 Thciis. iii. 0, 14; though our Savior di,. noi. appoint any fast Kom. xvi. 17. (i.) All the privileges be days, yet he gave reasons, why after hia lonpin;? to the i)eople of tiod. The desii^n death, his disciples hou d fast. Partial, of exclusion is, (1.) To piirne the church. or total abstinence from food, occasionally, li.) To warn other members. (3.) To re- is bencficia to both body and mind. ciaini the oltender. FATHEK. This word, besides its obvious K.MlOlt'lATluN, paraklcais, exhortation, and primary sense bears, in Scripture, a consolation, comlTirt, occurs J9 times. A number Ol othi-r applications. Applied to christian duty. Acts xi. ^3; xiii. 15; xv. 32: God, toancest rs, nearo.- remote: is aUt.i Kom. xu. 8 . 1 Cor. xiv. S. applied as a t.tie of respeo' to any head, •' Y t. In most lant^uastjs this important or- chief, ruler, or elder, especially to kings' iran is used by fiijur.itive application,.- the prophets, and pr.ests; and the author! ^yl;I^lol ot a larire number of objects and source, or beginner, of an^vthing is said to i-ieas. Hence we read of an "evil eye," be t.'.e father of it, and in this sense it n Matt.zx. l.'>; "bountiful eye," Prov. xiii. wry coi;iiiionly used in the E.".

presence. ering or of Tabernacles, whicli Listed for :; I-'AIU HAVEN'S, an unsafe harbor iu Crete, week. 7- The Hatbalical I'ear, diirin'r N. E. of Cape Leon, or Ma'.ala. It bears which the land was to lie fallow, and iti t'.ie hamc name to this day. Acts x^vii. 8. spontaneous produce to be shared in com- i'Al J'H, pisttt, belief, trust, confidence, oc- mon by (-ervaiits, the poor, strangers, and curs 244 iinieR, and the verb pistevoo, I be cattle. It was the year of release from per- Iieve, 240 times. The simp'.e meaning of sonal slavery, Kxod. xxi. J; and from deijl-... this term is, the conviction that the testi- Dent. XV. 1, y. S. The Jubilee was a tiio.e mony is true. Hence Paul defines it to be solemn festival, held every seventh spbh.ii- "the confidence of thinijH hoped for, the ical year, that is, every fiftieth year. 0. The coiivittion ol things not seen." Heb. xi. 1. Aeu) Moon, at the beginning of the uion'h. "Without faith It IS impossible to please OLlier festivals were observed by the Jev/.s, thatis, belief of God." lleb. XI. 0; a those but of human origin : one of which is men- for things which he has made known sal- tioned. John X. 22 ; the Keast of the Dedir.i- vation See JudeS; Aclsviii.l2; MarkxvL tinn, esfablislied by .ludas JIaccabees, 1. C'. 15.10; Act*xivi.6. -.'2, xxviii. 20. 2.1, 31. 170. to commemorate the cleansing ol the f AN. an instruineiit lor svpatating cluiff. temple, alter its orofanation bv AntiocUus. 16 ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

Another feast was that of Lotg, or Purtm, were. Matt. iv. 8; Mark i. 16; V

\. 111. 11 llie entire book oi Kstheris read iii 1—1 1. the synagogue. FlSIiKS, miraculous draughts, Luke fKSl L'S, \Jcetival, joyful.] successor of Fe- John XX 1. 0; one caught to pay tribut«^ lix, as ^ovevuer of.ludea, aiul ai'indnted liy Matt. xvii. '27: fish with bread miraci:!(;u»- Xero in the first year of his reign. Acts ly multiplied by Jesus to feed thousands. XXIV. 27: XXV : xxvi. Matt. xiv. 15— 21; xv..S2—89; John vi. 5— 14. filiHY DARTS, javelins or arrows having FLAX, "smoking flax," M.-.tt. xii. 20. Flax coinbustible matter at the lower part, which bein^ anciently used for tiie wicks of lamps, being set on fire was darted against the it reicrs to the wick of a limp, which, for enemy, or into towns to bu; n tlicni. waiitol oil, becomes dim and ready to go FIG-TlCi:^K, a tree well knownand verj' com- out, 80 that but littie remains but smoke. mon in Palestine. The tree is hirge, and FLlSH, (of animals) after the flood, per- atl'ords good shelter. See 1 Kmss iv. 2:): mitted to be eaten. Gen. ix. 3. The word John i. 48. The blasting of the fig-tree by flesh is applied, generally, to both man and Jesus, (Matt.xxi. U); Mark xi. 13, 14,) be- beast. Gen. vi. 13, 17, 19 ; vii.l5; but more c:iuse he found no figs ou it, wlien "the sea- partieulai ly to mankind, and is in t»ct, the bon ot figs w;is not yet," is thought by m- only Hebrew word, which answers to that fivlels to have been an unreasonable and term, Psa. cxlv.'il; Isa. xl. 5, 6. "Flesh petulant act. Hut it must be reuiembered and blood" is also an Hebraism for man- that the trcewns barren, wluchis proved kind in the present corruptible state. See b\' hiving ieares but no /ruit; (for on the 1 Co' xv.50; Matt.xvi.l7; Gal.i.lO; Eph. fig-trce/rui< appears bet. re the leaf;) al- vi.1-2. so the fig harvebt or "time fur gatherinir FL(.)OD, or General Deluge, occurred A.M. fiirs" had not yet come. May not this lOiiO. See account. Gen. vi; vii. Referred .let have f.h<'\vn th.e hyi>ocritical exterior of to as a warning of Christ's coming. Matt. ihe Jews, aad prefigured their '^pproaehing xxiv.38; Luke xvii. 27; as an assurance that God will punifh sin, 2 Pet. ii.5; also, FIOL'KE, shape, resemblani-e. Adam, Isaac, as a type of bai.tism and salvation, 1 Pet. &c., and some ancient ceremonies, were iii. 20; and of the final destruction of un- figures or tyveSi as they shadowed forth godly men, 2 Pet. iii. B, 7. Jc.-us Christ. Kom. v. 14: Heb. Ji. ly. &c. Follow "the Lamb whithersoever he IILTH, e.-nTCments; "the filth of the goes," Kev. xiv. 4. An allusion to ti.e oath world," 1 Cor. i v. 13. The same word vn the taken by the Roman soldiers, p:ii tol which or-.gnai was applied to those poijr wretch- was to foUow their generals wkerever they es, who being t.^ken from the dregs of the should lead. See 2 Sam. x v. 21. people, were sacrificed to Geniiie deities, FOOD. The Jews were restricted in their i-.iid loaded with curses, msuUs, and inju- use of a»ii:nal food to annuals called ries, v.iiiie on the wuy to the altars on "clean." Sire Lev. xi. and Deut. xiv. Ihe which they were to bleed. Uence the al- reasons seems to have been moral, political, and physiological; and particularly to lusion. , ,. „ FlUE, th? state of combustion; flame. An keep Israel distinct from other people. emblem of fierce desiiuciuni; the symhoi Lev. XX. 21—^0; Deut. xiv. 2, 8. Kearly of a curse, but never ol a blessing. "i'\re every creature pronounced unclenn was from heaven." "fire of the Lord," usually held «acrfd by adjacent nations. Ensnar- denotes lightnins; in the Old Testament; ing intercourse with idolaters was thus ef- but, when connected with eacriiices, the fectually obstructed, as those who cannot "fire of the Lord" is often understood as eat and drink together, are not likelv to the lire of the altar, and sometimes the ho- becoiae intim.ate. Christians are forhiildeiv locaust itself. This fire was originally to cat blood, things strangled, and things kindled supematurally, and was ever alter ofi'eied to idols. See Acts xv. There is no kept up. The "fire that never shall be record, thatthe flesh of animals was used.is quenched," Mark ix. 4:!, is a periphrasis for food by the antidiluvians, as permission K> Oehenna. Kimchi (on Psa. xxvii. 13) says, use it was first given to Noah, Gen. ix. 3. " that it was a place in the land near to Je- Fruit evidently was the primeval food oi rusalem, and w;is a place contemptible; man. Gen. ii. 16; anatomy and physiology where they cast things defiled and car- prove that it is best adapted for the full casses; and there was there a continual development and sustenance of man's phv- fire to burn polluted things and bones; sical, intellectual, and moral nature; and and theretore the condenination of the to partake of the fruit of the tree of life, in wicked in a pajubohcal way is called Ge- the future, is held forth as the highest pos- hinnom." sible good. . yiii-S r. 1. What is before others, m time or FOOL. The fool of Scripture is not an idiot, order ; so Axlam is called the first man, and but an absurd person ; not one who does Clirist the second Adam. 2. What eseeeds not reason at all, but one who reasons others in degree of badness or of excel- wrong; also any one who is not regulated lency; so Paul calls himself the^rsf or c/iio/ by the dictates of reason and religion. of sinners. Hence, Whatever is without good reason, and doe* jflltaT-UOltN or " I'lBST-EKCrOTTEN of every not secure men's true and future good, is creature" may mean the"cAie/of thewhole foolish ; hence we read of foolish talking, crcntion." CT)1. i. 15. foolish lusts, foolish questions, &c., Eph. JFlilriT-FUUITS. Tha first ripe products of v. 4; ITira. vi. 0; Titusiii. 9. the land of Israel, were accounted the FORiiEAP^NCE, recommended. Matt, xviil. tiord'b property, and, as such were present- 33; 1 Cor. xiii. 4, 7; Eph. iv. 2; Col. m. 15; ed to him, through the priests, as an ac- 1 'Ihess. v. 14; manifested by God to maiv, knowledgment of their dependence on Psa. I. 21; Eccl. viii. 11; Matt, iviii. 27.• him, Exod. xxxiii. 10, 10. Christ is called Kom. ii. 4; 2 Pet. iii. 9, 15. tlie /Srs'-^ruiM of tViem that slept," 1 Cor. FOREHEAD. Public profession of religion. vii. xiv. 1. the XV. "iO; .and the family of Stephanus, the Kev. 3, IS, 10; Marks on custi^Tii 'irs'Yi-ui'* of Aehaia. 1 Gov. xvi. 15. forehead may be illustrated by the of the apostles probubljr in idolatrous couutriesj of beiu'iot; ou t:i« 1 I JiliiUMEN. most TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 17

Ibrchead the mark of th<» prods whose votr>- GALATIANB, Epistle to, wrftten by Paul, rips tlioy are. Some, ho\VL'>er, think it uu probably from tphe.sus, A. D. 53, and r.i-.- aliusio.') to the cufciom of uiarkiug cattle, casses much the same topics as that to tl e f:c.. with the n'tjii uf ownership. Itomans, but a little fu'.ler on one or two rOrttKNOWLLLWiJi, proguotU, occurs points, llavii.g f.unded the coui-TC^jation twice, Act«ii. i3; IPet. i.2; proginoako, of Galatia, he spiMks authoritatisc y as u I foreknow, occurs five tnies, Acu xxvi. 5; teacher and an api.^tle. The princij al top- r.om. viii. 20, xi-2; 1 I'et. i 20; 2 Pet. lii ics discussed are,— his aposto>ic character, 17. Knoio in the Hebrew 'dimn, uiKnifies the gifts -/hich the Holy Spirit conferred sometimes to approve. ticLiiOwirdge, and by his hands, the Ab.ahauiic gocpel and to make known. "Tne Lord knows (,iii- covenant^ the promised inheritance of the 7>ro fjs) them >hat are his.' "The wond land, the lawn) Sinai, and the contrast be- ki.i'ws (acknowiedpes) v.s not." tween the two covenants. FOKGIVENKSSpromi=.ed, Isa. Iv. 7; Lukei. GALILEE, .wheel, keap,] the northern part f7; xxiT. 47' Aot3 ii 3'^, &c.; eiijjined of Palestine, Uvidedinto Upper and Lower. Matt. vi. 15; xviiL21: £ph. iv. 83; Col. iii Upper Galilee, the northern portion, was IS. J.imes ii. 13. ca.led "Galilee of the Gentiles," from its lOKNICATION means, l. Criminal inter- having a more mi.-ted population, i. e. less course between unmarried persons, 1 C^r. pureiy Jewish than the oth'';s. This mix- vii. i. 2. Aduit«ry, Alatt. v. Zi. S. Idolnuy, ture of population corrupted the dialect; S Chron. xxi. 11 4 llere.^y. Rev. iix. ;;. hence Peter was detected by his speech, 'J'he word occurs much more frequently in Mark xiv. 70. The disciples were m^istly if« metaphorical than in its ordinary sense. from this country, and on this accov;nt .ler. iii.8,fi; Ezek.xvi. ja. were called Galileans. Luke xxiii. 6; Acts rORTUNATAS, Uucky. forhtnafr] a iUrj. ii.7. ?e mentioned 1 Cor. xvi. 17, wno visiicd Sea of. See Ge5Sesareih. 'util at Kphesua. GALL, a general name for whatever is vr>ry FOX, " wild animal, probably a jackal, men- bitter or nauseous. Priman:y it denous tioned historically, J ud(jes'xv. 4, 5; l-;im. the Bubstaiice secreted in the gall-bLidi.er

T. IS; comparatively. Matt. viii. 20 ; sym- of anirr als, commonly called bile. Meta- bolically for a cuniiiiii? and deceitlul per- phorically 't, means gieat trouble, Jer. viii. son, Kzek. liii. 4; Luke xiii. 8:'. 14; exceeding wickedness, Amos vi. IJ; rK.\NKlNCEXSE, a sweet scented g'um, abominable depravity. Ads viii. v.5. used in the vicense. which when placed on Gallic, [who Uves on milk,] proconsul of live coals, sends up aucnstfrayrantbrnoke. Aciiaia, A. D. ."iS, elder brother to Seneca, Luke i. 10; Ket viii. 8-'. the famous moralist. The Jews dragged FKOGS, plnpue of, Exod. viii. The frog was Paul before his tribunal. Acts xviii. Ij. held sacred in Egypt, because iu w.-is the GAMALIEL, (rcrompowie of God,] the dis- emblem of Orisis; and was )>roduced by tinguished Phari.^i'e under whom Paul

th , Nile, which was also esteeined as peeu studied law, grandson of LLillcl, the famous liarly sacred; thus Jehovah u^edtheirvery Rabbi. gods as a means to punish them. GAKDKN, a place planted \.'ith beautiful FKUGALITY recommeudud, Prov. xviii. fi; plants and fruii-bearing and other trees, .lohn vi. 12. and generally hedged or walled. Several FI'UITS used figuratively for proofs. Matt, gardens are raei.tioned in the bcriptuies;

iii. 8; Tii. 16; -JCor. ix.lo, tiul. v. 22, 23; as the garden of Evien, AbaL's garden < f Phil. 1.11; James iii. 17. berths, vhe royal garden iiear the fortress PtjLNKSS OF 11.'.IE, plerooma ton chrovon, ot Zi.^n, the royal gaiden of the Petsnm the fulness or compleiiou of any period of kings atSusa, liie garden of Joseph of Ari- time. Gal iv. 4; Lph i. 10. The comple- niathea, aiid the garden of Gethsemane.

tion of the period which was to piecede the S^e John xviii. 1 ; xix.41. GAK.MENTS. To lay up svores of raiment, FliLXESS OF THE GENTILES. The com- especially by the rich, wfts very common in pletion of the salvation of the Gentiles, the East, where the fashion of dress seldom during the present dispensation. changes. Sometimes thousands of gar- FUiXLONG, the eighth part of a mile, Luke ments were laid up. Hence Jesus wamf xxiv. IS; John vi. 1(4; xL 18. men of the folly of laying up treasure* which the motli may consume. Matt. w. .BATHA, [high, elevated, or tlie pave- 19; Lnkexii.33: James v. 2. Princes, es- vii-iit,] a large court or apartment, used a.-; pecia.ly crcatkinjrs and priests, generallj l';.ate'» judgment seat, John xix. 13. It woie white garments. \Vhite was also was evidently ouifide of the praetorium. worn on occasions of great joy. In mourn- aABP.lLL, [ihemiyhty one of G'.d,] the an- ing men generally wore sackcloth orhaii- gel, mentioned Luke i. 11, '.C, who appeared c.yth. Hence garment is uscdasa syml'ol at different times to Daniel, Zacbai-ias, i.c. of the condition or state a person is in. lo Dan. viii. 16; ix. "il. be c/oIic nlace" of towns and palace*. 1 1.e two eminent Cl.i istiaua, mentioned Acts (fates of a town are also put for the t<.'wii i. 1. xii. 29; XX. 4; 1 Cor. 14 ; 3 John Jt«eif. The gates of death is a metaphcrior I GAL.XTIA, an extensive province of Asia eiprcBflion expressive of imminent danger Minor, bounded on the north by Bithynia of death. The gates of hades is used in a and PaphUirj Ilia, on the south by Lvcuo- aimilar manner tor counsels, designs, or nia, on the e;ist by Pontus and Canpadocia, authority. .Matt. xvi. 18. and on the we.^t by Phr\j;ia and Pithyiiia GAZA, [ttrnnr;,or n goat,\ a city of the Pllil. It took it* name from tbsGauis who settled istmes. P.etl'rred to as "Gaza, which i? tae: e iio years U. C. deberi," Acts viii. 26. ;

IS ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX GEHENNA, the Greek word translated AeH Greek wi-iters neTer nse ctoxa, in the scnwi m the comiuon version, occuis 12 times. of light and tpleiuJor. though it is ofie., It is ths Grecian mode of spewing the lie- found in the Scriptures with that meaning brew words which are translated, "The attached. See Exod.xvi. 7, 10; xxiv. 17; xL valley of Hinuom." This valley was also 34, 35. The Shektnah was a peculiar display rilled Taphet, a detestation, an abomina- ofthe glory of God Exod.iii. 2—5; xii' 21. t;on. Into this place were cast all kinds of 2-2; Lev. xvi.^; „ .\.n vii. I, 2. The fol- fi:th, with the carcasses of beasts, and the lowing passages will illustrate the New uiiburied bodies of criminals wl.ohad been Testamv -t use, Matt. vi. 23; 1 Cor. xr. 41 executed. Continual fires w?re kept to Heb. i.3; -ir: .L23: 2 Thess. i. 7: 1 Cor. c.insuma these. Sennacherib's army ol" il. /, c"c. 1S5,000 men were slain here in one night. GLUTTONY censured, Eeut. xii. 20 : Prov. Hare children were also burnt to death m xxiii. 1,20; XXV 10; 1 I'et. iv 3. !-acnfic€ to Jloloch. Gehen.xa, then, as oc- GNASHING K.f teeth, rage, Psa. txxv. 18: ciirtingin the New Testament, symbolizes Actsvii. 54; anguish, Psa. cxii. 10: Matt. H^ath and %t1er destruction, but in no place viii. 12: xiii. 42, 50: xxii. 13. •: unifies a place of eternal torment. GNAT, a small winged insect, very common B.Xi^ALOGY, al St of ancestors, set down in warm countries. Our Savioi-'s allusion b thin their direct and collateral order. to the gnat is a kind of proverb, "li.ind The Hebrews carefully preserved their guides I who strain (or filter) out a gnat, family registers, t';rough a period of more and swallow a camel." This he applied to

t iKia S500 yeai s. Without these genealogies those who were superstit ously anxious in the priests could not exercise tlieir sacred avoiding small faults, yet did notscrup'e oTice. Sea Ezra ii.6-2. It appears that the to commit the greatest sins. The .lewish ji-incipal desicn of preservir.g accurate law reckoned both ^nats and camels uh- clean. 1 ists of the aiicestry of God's ancient people, was, that It might be cert.iinly known GrOI), the Supreme, Omnipotent, and Eternal

-.'f what tribe and family the Blessiah was one, of whom areall things. Thetwo prin- born. The d tlerence in the genealogies cipal Hebrew names ofthe Supreme Leing of Christ, as given by Mattliew and Luke, used in the Scriptures are JWioraA, (OTl'ah- arose from one giving the line of Joserh, veh.) and Ehhim. Dr. HavciTiitk defines ;ind the other of JIary. The Jews lost their Jehovah to be the Easting One. and consid- registers after tiie war with the liomans, ers E/oAim. though in the niuiai number, and their final dispersion. as the abstract expression for absolute GtN'EUATlDX, ptnea, occurs 40 times, and Deity. Jehuvo.h, however, he regards as t he means sometimes a line of descent, as in revealed Elohnn. the Manifest, Only. Per- ^latt. i. 1; or pel sons existing at any par- sonal, and Holy E'ohim: Kiohini is the 1 cular period, ?latt. i. 17. Some translate Creator. Jehovah the Redeemei, &c. In a oenea which occurs in Matt, ix'iv. R4, by subordinate sense the lerm Eiohini, 01 tlie wordrkni£;bt says that hee genea leb. i. 6; to iudtres or gieat men. Exod. aittee, as it is found in that passage, means xxil. 28; Psa. Ixxxii. 1: ,1 hn x 81 35; Mit 1-7. t '.e generation or persons then living con- 1 Cor. viii. 6; and to idols. P xxsi!. temporary \ ith Christ. GOG and MAGOG, mentioned Lzek.xixviii; 6;.XNESAI^E'l H, [garden of the prince,] a xxxix ; Rev. xx.8. fine lake, 17 nu es long, an*"! 5 cr 6 bro'^d, GOLD, employed as a comparison, P=a. xix situated about 5'J miles norti of JervLsalem 10; asasimile. Job xxiii. 10: 1 Pet. i.7•

I ts waters are very pure and sweet, f.ud it Rev. xxi. IS, 21. abounds wi:h fish. It is surrounded bj fue GOLGOTHA, \aheapofskulU.] SeeCAi.vtBT. scenery, and was much frequented by ^ur GOM'iRRAH, [rcbet'ious people.] SeeSoD> m. Saviorandhis disciples. lb is :«so called GOSVEL, euonggelion, good news, glad tld- i'kinnereth, Kum. xr.x-iv. 11; the / TLertma, God'a «pf//, or the Woid oj God, embracing .lohn vi. 1. rS. "he things concerning the kingdom of O'clNTlLES, literally, the natioi.s; and was God, and the name of Jesus Anointed," applied by the Jews to ail whu were not of Acts viii. 12, and the loyful news that sal- their religion, or who were ignorant of vation and an inheritance in tl:at kingdom God. may be obtained through faitb and obe- GENTLENESS, though little.idmired by the dience. Euangoetton occurs 7d times; eu- Wv>rld, compared v.ilh eiiterpiise. bravery, anggelizo. to noclaim good news. 56 times; &,., isin .he sight ol God. an imperative from which also e«an<7(7f lis/ ai, evangelists, virtue, James in. 17. Recommended, one who tells ^lad tidings. Acts xxi, 8; 2Tira. ii,- Titusiii. 2. CAf;.** an exam- Eph. iv. 11; 2 Tim iv.5 pie, 2 Cor. i-. _ the apnstles, 1 Thess. ii. 7- GR.-\CE. rAan«, fav(>r. and occurs 156 times. those ucho come pilgrim- The lexic>)i:s attach soi.ie til'reen lE LIGESEN ES, ( from meanings age,\ .* people mentioned jMatt. viii. 28; to it. Parkhiirst observes, "While the pi obably the same as G.idarenes. miraculous influences of the Spirit are ij./rnSliMAXE, [a very fat valley, \ aretired called gifts, or separately a gift; and gp.rden at the footof Siount ofO.ives, Luke thougii 1 firmly believe his blessed opera- x.'ii. 10. The remains of its stone wall are lions or influences in the hearts of ordinary v -t seen, and eight ancient olive trees believers in general; yet, that cAarw, is ever Mntt. xivi..''()— 40. in the New Testament particularly used GIFT OF TIIE IKJLY SPIRIT. This phrase for these, is more than I dare, after atten- ocours twice. Acts ii. S8; x. 45. Itiscalied tive examination, assert." "the gift of God." Acts viii. 20, and "the GRASS, in the common version, generally same jift," xi. 17. Korea and not cAnns, is signifies herbage, or ai 1 shrubs not inclu'Jed th word used liere lor gift. I'orea is also under the t

<) fs, •s 1.5' Eph iii 7; )v 7; Heb vi —in all us that myrtle, rosemary, and other p'v are in their c\en». I used Pnrbaiy licnt , ; ni63. to i>;,v,i^V It is beJievea thit 'he ciassicai uUA\ E. bee loMB or Sefulchus. TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. If

^EECK, in ]!( orcw Jnran, Is.i. Ixvi. 19; a HALLELUJAHor AjaEMTA. See Am-eluia. country in tlie S. K. of h.irope, extendin^f HAND, the organ of fceiiiig, rightly dcnon.. «tlO miles from iiorUi to south, and MM from inatcd by (ia.en the instrument of instru- e:'.st to west, lew countriL's are more fa- ments. It serves to dibtinguihh man frc ni vored by nature, as to soil, climate, and other terrestrial beings, and jioductions. Many of the most renowned has any member comparable with it. The men of antiquity had tr.er birth hc.-f>. Part riphx hand has a preference, hence the many of ancient CJrcece is now tpcludcd in Alha- allusions to it. The phrase "sitting at nia and Roiimelia in Turkey. Mentioned the right hand of God," as aprilied to Messiah, Dan. viii. 'Jl—:5; x. 2s; xi. !I ; Zech. is. 13; th& is derived from the fact that a position at the ri^ht hand of the throne *CK1X'IANS. Groeks, the inhabitants of of earihly monarchs was accciinted the * Greece, Joel iii. 0. Sometimes tins word chief piace of honor, diL^nity, and power; means not Grcelis, but .lows, usincr the so when Jesus declart'd before Caiaphas, Greek langua^'C, c.illed Hellenists, Acts vi. that "je shall see the Son of man sitting 1; n. 2V); li. ID— -1; Greeks were so by on the right hand ot j'ower, and coming ia nation cr birth; sometime.-? the namewa.s the clouds of heaven," JWatt. xxvi.fri; >fark used for Gentiles in general," Acts xx. 21; xiv. 62, he obviously meant to sa?, that his Kom. i. 16; i Cor. i. 'il—U. present humiliation would be succeeded by S'JKST-CUAMliER, Mark xiv. U; Luke glory, majesty, and power. To lay the hatid x\ii. 11. In the East, respectable house- on any one was a means of pointing hini iiolders have a. room which they call the out, and consequently an emblem ol setting stranger's room, which is specially set any one apart for a particular office or dig. apart for the use of guests. nity. Hence the ceremony of ir/ipo«i/(on of hands, was at an early period, observed on H AR.\KKUK, iafaroi-ite,] a Jewish prophet the appointment and consecratii:n of per- v,-ho flourished about 010 B. C, and wrote sons to high and holy undertakings.

I ho book which bears his name. His name HAiiLOT, or Prostitute, frequently used does not Occur in the New Testament, but fiicuratively for an idolatrous community. a quotation is m.ide from his prophecy by Cities were formerly represented under tlie H:inl, Acts xiii. 41. typesof virgins, wives, widows, and hnrlots, HADKS, occurs H times in the Greek Testa- according to their various conditions; ment, and is improi)er;y translated in tlie hence the true church is syraboli/.cd bv a <-ommon version 10 times by the word chaste bride, and an apostate or worldly re- hell. It is the word U:;ed in the Septuairijit ligious community is depicted by a harlot. ;is a translation ol the Hebrew word sheoi, HA K\ KST, the time of gathering the Iruits denutint; the abode or world of the dead, of the earth. In Palestine it began in and means literally thai which i.« indarkncss, March, and ended aboutthe middle of May. hidden, tnvistble, or obgcure. As the word It is symbolical of the season of future re- hailea did not come to the Hebrews from ward— particularly the punishment of the n:iy cla.ssical source, or with any classi- wicked. Mitt, ix; xiii; John iv. .'j.^. cal meanings, but throuph the Septua- Hate. Tins word is often used in Scripture, (fint, as a tianslation of their own word as vn common conversation, to siftnifv an theol, therefore iu order to properly inferior degree of love, of attachment,'orof define its moaninp recourse must be had liking; but not to detest or abhor. Thus it to the v.iriou8 passajres where it is found. is written, "'Jacob have I loved; but tsnn The Hebrew word shcol \s translated by have I hated." that is, loved in an inferior hadet, in the Septuafrint, 60 times out ofOlJ; degree to Jacob. So Luke xiv. 2tJ, is to be and though skeol in mai.y places, (such as. understood. Gen. XXXV. S-"); xlii.oS; lSam.ii.7; livings HATRED condemned. Lev. six. 17; Prov. 11. tt; Job xiv. 1.3; xvii. IH, 10, &c.,) may X.1-.M8; xxvi.24; 1 Johnii.O; iii. 15. higTiify keber, the grave, .is the common re HEAD, frequently denotes torpivi^^n/y, as it O'jpt.icle of the de:id, .\et it h.as the more is the seat of the understanding'or govern-

jreneral meaning i^f death; -jutale of deaih; ing principle in man ; hence thecAif/of a the dnminton of death. To transl.'ite hades people, or the mf/ropo/i« of a country. So by the word hell, as it is done ten times out Christ is called the head of his body, the of fleieH in the New Testament, is very im- church, Eph. v. 23 ; and of all things, Eph. jToper, unless it h.is the Saxoii meauiuff of i.22. Col. 11. 10. helan, to cover, attached to it. The primi- H EA H, to receive the sounds by the ear. To tive siijnlfication of hell, only denoting lic.ir the word of God, means, (1.) A mere what was SECRKT OB COXCBALHD, ixTlectly listening, without laying to henrt, JIatt. c iriespiinds with the Greek term hades and xiii. 11; (2.) to yield a willing asseiit, with its Hebrew equivalent shenl, but the t!;co a firm purpose to believe and obey it. John lo(fical definition given to it at the preseii*. viii. 47. God is said to bearpraverwhenhe day bv no means expresses it. grants our requests. ttranger,] a niilive of E?ypt, and HKAUl.Vtj, to be with profit, iI.\G.\K, ia Deut. iv. 9, 10 ; xii. 1(J; xvi. 1. Matt, vii.24; ii. servant of Abraham, Gen. Horn. 13; Heb. ii. 1 ; xii. He: Gal. iv.22— SI. 2."); J.imes i. 22. HAGOAI, \xolemn feast,'] the tenth of the HLAllT, the centre of animal life, is used minor prophets. 11 is prophecy was given metaphorically for all the afTections, and during the rebuildmtj of the temple, 13. C. the whole faculties of man. Heart con- ,5J0. stantly occurs, where mind is to be under- HAIL, a symbol of violent enemies, Isa. stood, and would be ii>>ed by a modern xxviii. 2, 8; xxx. 50.31; xxxii.l'J, Hev.viii. English writer. "Out of the heart" every 7. evil IS said to nroceed," Matt. xv. IS; and .is JIAIK. precepts re^'avding it, 1 (?or. xi. 14— the great evil which corrupts and defiles " 16; 1 Tim. ii U; I I'et. iii.3. Cutting od the heart is unbelief, so the only purifier of "'''' thehalr."wasa8itm stress; "plucking the heart mentioned in Scripture is /oi'/L oti the hair," was Oiie of the most di8-.rra<'e- Acts IV. 0.

( '1 Duriishments; 'hairs white like wool," HEAVE.N". Ihe Jews spoke of three hra- was eaiolematic ol majesty and wisaom. veu*,— (1 ) llie atmosphwe, or lower le- ; ;

20 ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

^rion cf the air, in which birds and vapors HBRMOGONEB, ibepotten of Mercury,] and 'Ay. Job XXIV. 11; Matt. ivi. 1. (2.) The PUYGELLUS, [a fugitive,] discipleu of expanse above, in which the stars are dis- Asia Minor, and probably corapanioui! in posed, and which they seem to have labor of Paul. 'I'hey abandoned uim during thought was a solid coucave. Matt. xxiv. his imprisonment, 2 Tim. i. 15. 29. "(3.) The habitation of God, where his HEROD", ithe glory of the skin.'] Four per- power and glory are more immediately and sons of this name are mentioned in the fully manifested. Heaven is always the New Testament. (1.) Herod the Great, the symbol of government ; the higher iJaces son of Antipater, born B. C. 70 He ordered in the political universe. The "kingdom the destruction of the infants at Bethle- of Afai-en," is the same as the kingdom of hem. (2.) Herod ^n^i>a.s, son of Heiod the Great, tetrarch of Galilee God, Matt. I. 7 ; Luke ix. 2 ; and is Mes- and Perea. He siah's reicjn on earth. See Psa. Ixiii ; Dan. beheaded John, and arrayed Jesus in mock royalty, sent vii. 14, 27 ; Matt. xxv. 31—34. when to him by Pilate. IIEBER, [one that pas8es,^ the grandson of (3.) Herod Agrippa, the son of Aristobulus, Shem, Luke iii. 35, and from whom it is and grandson of Herod the Great, who supposed that Abraham and his posterity caused the murder of James, the son of derived the name of Hebrews. Zebedee, and desired to kill Peter also. IIKBKEWS, [descendants of Heber,] the name See his awful death described. Acts xii. 23 by which a Jew desired to be known in the and by Josephus, (Antiq. xii. 8,) in the 54th earliest and latest periods of his nation, year of his age. (4.) Herod Agrippa II., 2 Cor. xi. 22. Abraham was known by it on son of the preceding—the one culled Agivip- his arrival in Canaan. It signifies that he pa, before whom Paul made his defence. was the proper heir of Shem, the father of Acts xxvi. " all the children of Heber. An Hebrew of HERODIAN, [song of Jwio,'] Paul's kinsman, the Hebrews" is one, both of whose pa- Rom. xvi. 11. rents are Hebrews. Phil. iii. 5. HERoDiANS, a class of Jews that existed Epistle to. It is generally con- in the time of Jesus Christ, whether of a ceded that Paul was the writer, because political or religious description it is not the style appears to be his. Probably writ- easy to say for want of materials to deter- ten about A. D. 63—65. It was addressed to mine. Mentioned, Mark iii. 6; xii. 13; believing Hebrews irrespective of any par Matt. xxii. 16; Luke xx. 20. ticular place, and apparently designed to HERODI.\S, sister of Herod Agrippa, and save them from the sin of apostacy, through grand-daughter cf Herod the Great, mar- the persecutions to which they were sub- ried to her uncle Philip, and afterwards jected by their unbelieving brethren. sinfully connected with his brother Herod Jlence the writer shows the superiority of Antipas. Christianity to Judaism; that Christ was HIERAPOLIS, [holy city,] a city situated far superior to Moses; affords a more se- in Phrygia, near Colosse and Laodicea. It cure and complete salvation ; and that in was destroyed by an earthqua ke i n the times point of dignity, perpetuity, sufficiency, of the apost!es. Its ruins indicate that it and suitableness, the Jewish priesthood was one of the most glorious cities of the and sacrilices were far inferior to those of world. Col. iv. 13. It is now called Pambuk Christ, who was the substance and reality, Kalasi. whilst these were but the type and shadow. HIKED, "no man has hired us," Matt. xx. These and simRar comparisons and ar- 7. Morier, the traveler, says that he saw, guments are used, and the examples of an- in the east, laborers wiih spades, &c., in cient worthies adduced, to fortify the minds their hands, standing in the markct-pLice, of those who were suffering persecution, before sun-rise, in orderto be hired for the and to induce them to hold f;ist the confes- day, to work in the surrounding fields. sion of the hope without wavering. The HI i< K LING, a man employed to take care of epistle is an admirable exposition and sup- sheep, to whom wages were paid. Also in- plement to those to the Romans and Gaia- dicates a pastor who cares more for the tiaus. flee je than the good of the flock. Johnx. l:i. HEIR, one who is to succeed to an estate. HOLlXEbS, freedom from sin, anddevoted- Christians are heirs of God both by birth nesstoGod; without it none can see God. and by will; an important and delightful Heb. xii. 14. consideration. HOLY, persons, places, and things so called, HELI, [ascending, climbinff up,] the father of which are separated to the Lord, Exod. xix. Joseph, the husband of Wary. Luke iii. 23. 6; Lev.xvi. 33; Num. xxxi. 3; IPet.ii. 0; HELL. S'.e Hades and Gehe.nna. while Jehovah is called "the Holy One of HELLENIST, a name given to persons of Israel," 2 Kings xix. 22; Psa. Ixii. 22, &c.; Jewish extraction, who nevertheless talked and the Spirit of Godis frequently denomi- Greek as their mother tongue. Acts vi. 1. nated "the Holy Spirit." HELMET, a cap of m»tal or strong leather HONESTY enjoined. Lev. xix. 13, 35; Deut. for protecting a soldier's head. 1 S:)m.xvii. XXV. 13; Mait. vi.8, 11: Mark x. 19. 3. Salvatioa is God's helmet; the hope of it HON'EY, one of the blessings of Canaan, rendering Christians courageous in their Deut. xxxii. IS; Judges xiv. 3—18; 1 Sam. iii. spiritual warfare. Kph. vi. 17; 1 Thess. v. 8. xiv ; Matt. 4. HERESY, haircsis, occurs 9 times, and is HONOR, timee, occurs 43 times, and means translated both sect and heresy. In scrip- price, reward, maintenance, as well as ture usage it generally means a sect, or respect, veneration, &c. Doit6?eAowor indi- schism, rather tlian the opinions embraced cates greater liberality or support. 1 Tim. by the sect, Christianity was called a scot, V. 17,18. or heresy, by Tertullus and the profane HOPE, the confident expectation of the Jews. Acta xxiv. 5, 14. things promised. See Rom. v. 4, 5 ; i v. 13 HERETIC, airctikoa, factionist, sectarian, Heb. vi. 9—12. The hope of life in the age occurs but once. Titus iii. 10. One who to come is founded on Christ. Rom. viii. makes a party or faction. 24; Col. 1.27; lThess.i.3; 2 Thess. ii. 16: HEKMAS and HER.MES, [mercur)/, gam,] Titus i. 2; 1 Pet. i. 15; and is a cause o( two aisciple* mentioned Rom. xvi. 14. jay, Rom. xii. 13 ; xv. 4, IS ; Heb. iiL ft. TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. >T

HORN, asvmhol of strength, and a well-known of AI.Hi-edon, alonj^ the eastern coast of tim sviiibul of a kini;. Adriatic Gulf, aud now called Scluvouiu. H<>liSK, a syniliol of war and conquest; the Roin. XV. IH. SI ate, color or equipage ol' a horse repre- IM.MANUEL, [Ood loith u*,] a name given to sents the condition ot Jtiis ridcir. H'kile de- our Lord Jesus Christ, laa. vii. 14; Mat. i.

notes victory and prosperity ; block repre- 2.^. Beiits distress ana Keiieral calamity, red IMMORTAL, deathless; does not occur OBfe deniites war and fierce liostility; palei»*\\e in the original, and only once even in the Bymliol of death and destruction. coni:!ion version, 1 Tim. i. 1;, where i*; HoaANNA, a form of ace' amatory blet,„jiig ought to be rendered incorruptible. It is or -wishinc well, sitfnifymp, Save now ! applied to God. Succor now! He now propitious! Matt. xxi. IM.hOKTALITY, deat'iiiossness, only occurs 0. This pa^^sa^Je fairly construed would 3 times, 1 ("or. xv. 63, 54; 1 Tim. vi. ].->— ap- mean, "Lord, preserve this Son of David; plied exclusively to God, and the glorified heap favors and b'essings on him !" bodies of the saints. See IprconRUPimiLi- Ut)ShA, [a $avwr,} the tirst of the minor TY and Life. prophets, eenerally supposed to have been IM.MUIALILITY, unchangeableness, as- a native oi the kingdom of Israel, and who cribed to God, I'sa. cii. 27; to his counsel, prophesied for about t5<) years, between T'-O promise, and oath, Heb. vi. 17, 13; to Jesus and 7:4 B. C. I'aul quotes from Lis proph- Christ, Heb. xiii. 8. ecv in Rom. is. 2.5. IMPOSITION OF HANDS, orLATiKGOwop HOisPITALITY, the practise of receiving iiA.M)s. This phrase, denoting the com- strangers into one's house and givingthem munication of some ?ift, benefit, power, or suitable entertainment, liet'ommeiidcd, office, (for an office is a girt,) occurs. Matt Kom. xii.l3; 1 Tim. iii. 2; Titu3 i.3; Heb. xix. 15; Markvi.5; Lukeiv. 10; xiii. 13; xiii. 3; 1 Pet.iv. 9. Aetsvi.O; viii. 17; xiii. 3; xix. 6; xxviii.8. HOUR. The Jews in the time of Christ di- The phrase "laying on of hands," occurs, vided thed.iyi II to twelve equal parts, which iTim. iv. 14; heb. vi. 2. The per.song who of course varied in length according to the laid on hands were Jesus, the Apostles, diflferent seaîoas. The earli''.-»t mention of Prophets, Te.ichers, Elders, or the Presby- hour is in Dan, iii. 15; iv. ly-, v. 6. Very tery. The persons on whom hands weip frequently hoar is used for a fixed season laid, were tlie sick, and su'.li as desired tC or opportunity, and is an emblem of a very receive spiritual gifts, and those designated short period of time. for pubric trusts and offices in or for the HUMILITV taught, Micah vi.8; Matt, xviii. concrrcEjation. 4;ixin.V2; iûke xviii. 14; Kom. xii. 3, 10, IM PCTt;, logiznmai, occurs 41 times ; and its 10; Kom ii. 3, &c. primary and radical import is to reckon or HUNGEU, an established symbol of .nfflie- account, being a word used in arithmetical tion. To "Aunêr and //iir«< no more," de- calculations. It is used passively in Kom. ' notes a perpetual exemption from all afflic- i V. 3, 4, .5, 8, 9, 10 ; i Tim. iv. 10, &c. tion. INCENSE, a compound of aroinatics pro- HUSBANDS, their duty, Gen. ii. 24; Mal.ii. cured from trees, chiefly in Arabia, having 14, 15; 1 Cor. vii. 3; Kph. v. 25; Col. iii. 19; when burnt, a most fragrantsmell. It was 1 Pet. iii. 7. tiot lawful to use it any place but the tem- HYACINTH. See Prbcious Stones. ple. Exod. ixx. 7. 8, 34 ; Luke i. 9. IIYMHNEUS, [nuptial, marriage,] men- INCORRUPTIBLE, God is, Rom. L 23; 1 i; Tim. ii. 17. i. tioned Tim. 20; 2 1 Tim. 17; so also his word, 1 Pet. i. 23; HYMNS 01 Psalms, used as part of worship. the bodies of the saints will be, 1 Cor. xv! contained the " .5-.?: The book of Psalms hymns also, the inheritance, 1 Pet. i. 4. The end spiritual songs," conimonh- sung by Christian's crown will Toe incorruptible, the Jews and -early Christians. The Psalms 1 Cor. ix. 15. are called, in general, hymns, by Philo the IXCOKKUPTIBILITT, to be sought " after. Jew : and Josephus calls them songs and Rom. ii. 7; brought to view and illustrated in hvmns." the gospel, 2 Tim. i. 10 ; corruptible na- UYPOCKITE, one who feigns to be what he tures must put it on in order to inherit xxiii. original pro- is not. Matt, The word the kinfe-doni of God, 1 Cor. xv. 4>, ,50. 53 54 perly signifies "players disguised," as the INFIRMITIES. (1.) Bodily weaknesses, Grecian actors used to be, in masks. M.-itt.viii. 17; Isa. liii. 4. (2.) Weaknessof human nature, Gal. iv. 13; Rom. viii. '0. Asia IC0NIU5I, [I come,] a town of Minor, Mere infinnitiea are not sins, except so fa;' visited by the apo.'if.es. It was the capital as we bring them on ourselves. Christians of Lycaonia, 150 n. iles W. N. W. of Tarsus. .ire bound to pay a tender regard to the Actsxiii. 51; xiv. 1, 19; xvi.2: 2 Tim. iii. infirmities of others. Rom. xv. 1. 11. INiiUATITUDEcensured, Psa. vii. 4- cvi ;• censured, Kom. xll. 11 ; 1 Thess. xvii. Prov. : IDLENESS 13 2 Tim. iii. 2 : instances of. iv. 11; 2 Thoss. iii. 10, &c. "Idle w>rd," Gen. xL23: Judges viiL 34 : 1 bam. iviiL

Matt. xii. 30, in the Greek muaus false, t^30. , slandering, pernicious word. INN, in our Bible, generally means a cara-' IDOL, IDOLATKY, not only applied to hea- tansera. Usu.illy they arc simply places then deities and their worship, but to any- of rest, near a fountain, if possible: others' thing too much and sinfulb' indulged. have an attendant, who merely wadts on 1 John V. 21. travelers: and others have a family, which IDUMEA, [ret^, earthy, I a country lying In sell provisions. They are found .n every the north of Arabia, and south of Judea. part of the East. In the stable of such a Mark iii 18. place, the better parts beinu all occupied, IGNORANCE, voluntary, censurca, John > Jesus was born. Luke ii. 7. ill. 19; 3 Pet. iii. 5; involuntarj', excusable, INSCRIPTION or Suferscription, writ- John iz. 41; 1 Tim. i. 13. but not when ing on coins, pillars, &c. Much of the his- tnere are means of infoi-mation, John iii. tory of nations m.iy be learnt from them. xvii. iii. 1»; V. 40; Acts U, 30; 2 Pet. 5. Matt. XX. -JO. The history of Greece for 1.J18 lLi.3fEICUM- Joi/,] a province lying N. W. years, is LuscribeU on this iauudel m&i'blr>^ ; —

ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

Parts of the law of Mosc^ were Inscribed on one mile and a half from Svchar. on the roaj | tlie altar at Kbul. Dcut. xxiii. 8. to Jerusalem. light,] I :< "EUCESSION of Christ for us, Ron, viii. JAIRUS, [diffuser of chiefof the syii:j. o4; Heb. vii. 'J5; 1 .lohii ii 1; to bo made gog'ue at Caperuauiu. 3Iark v, 22—43; Luke by us for others, Iloiu. xv. 30; i Cor. i. 11 viii. 41 — .5t). Eph. i. 10; vi. 18. 10; Col. iv. 3. &c.; in- JAJIBRES, ythe seatpithpoverty,] am.aglciaii stances. Gen. xviii. 23—33, &c. in Egypt who withstood Sloses. i Tim. in. IRON, a well known, strong, and useful 8. metal, and known very anciently, Gen. iv. JAJIES, (the same In meaning as Jaoob,) 32. Jloses speaks of its hardness. Lev. one of the twelve apostles; the brother c.f xivi.19; of the iron mines, Deut. viii. 9; John and son of Zebcdee, iilatt. iv. 21. Mur- and of the furnace in which it was made, dered by Herod, about A. 1). 44. Acts xii. 2. Ueut.iv. 20. The bedstead of Og, king of . the Less, an aiKistle, and the kiii; - Ilashan was of iron, L>cut. iii. 11. man of our Lord, Gal. i. 19. He was tlie IKO.N Y or Sakcasm, when a person means son of Cleopas or Alpheus and Mary, sister

the contrary of what he says ; examples of, to Mary the mother of Jesus ; cous'equent- Lev. ixvi. 31,35; i Sam. vi. 20; 1 King-8 ly cousin to Jesus Christ, according to the

xvni.'ir; 2 Kings iviii. io ; Job ixyi. 2, 3. flesh, 1 Cor. XV. 7; and generally esteemed Mark vii. 'J. as the writer of the Epistle which bears hn, ISAAC, \laughfeT^ the promised son of name. Abraham, born A. M. 2107, Gen.xvii. 10.11; Epistle of, addressed to the twelve xsi. 6— 8. The command to "take Isaac tribes of the dispersion, to those of theni and offer him as a burnt-offering," Gen. who professed faith in the Messiah. It is ' xxii. •!, was as the result unequivocally evident that at the time it was written, the shows, merely to prove or test Abraham, in brethren were suffering persecutions, and order that his f WELL, a fountain of water about M. £. of Jerusalem It wa>> uoted for pa.ni ;

TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 23

treed, and was once a laive ci*y, but now a situated at Jerusalem. It is probable t!ir.t moan v.Iiukc. he Used thc-u till the death oI ,V.i:;,. JKULiSALtM, [r-i»ion of peace,] a celebrated and then went to Kplicsus, and laboicu ui city of Asia, c.iiniiU of iuicieiit Judca, ami Asia Minor. He sufi'eiod much for his re- of modern Palusliiie. It is memorable for ligion, and was banished by the Koniaii its ancient temple, for the deatlj and resur- emperor, to the isle of Patnios, where ac- rection of our Savior, and for its ^;^;!lal des- cording to Ireneus and tutebius he behc d truction by Titus. It was built on four and wrote the visions of the Apocalypse, hills—Zion, Acra, Moriah, and ISezetlia. about the close of therci^n of Domiti.'-.n, A. The name Zion was often applied to the D. 66. When Nerv.a became emperor, he whole city. Modern Jerusalem is lijuilt on was recalled and lived to write his Gospel Mount Moriah, and is chiefly noted tor pi:- and tliree Epistles. He died at Ejihesus at îmage. It contains about 2U,U(X) inhabi- the age of loo years, in the third year of tants. Tra.jan. 3KSSE, [to be, or vho i»,] the son of Obed, JOHN, Gospel of. This book was not writ- fatlier Kuthiv.;.:; 1 Sam. , and of David. ten, as Some suppose, to supply omissions xvi.; Luke iv. S3. made by the other three Gospelhistorians 3 ESTl NO, not to be used, Eph. v. 4. but as they liad written chiefly of the lift JiiSUS, [oaai'ior,] the Son of God. the Mes- and actions of their Master, John wrote siah, the Savior of the world, 'ihis name chiefly of his person and of/ice, and in refuta- is composed of Yah, or 3 .\a, I shall be ; and tion of errors which had sprung up. SuuA, Poiver/ul;—"! shall be the Power- Epistles of. These letters appear to ful." Hence he is "mighty to save, and have been written to establish the truths Btronfr to deliver," and will'' save his peo- concerning the person aiidodices of Christ, ple from theirsins." Eusebius Says, "The and to condemn the errors tlit'u prevailing, name Jesus meana tho salvation of God. contrary to these truths; also to repress For Itoua amouff the Hebrews is salvation, the lewd practices, for the sake of which and amon^ theia theeonof Nun is called these errors were embraced. The spirit of Joshua; and lagone is the salvation of Jau, love, sanctification, and renunciation of i. e. salvation of God." The "name of Je- the world are very prominent, and earnest- B«s," (Fhil.il. 1) is not the name Jesus, ly inculcated. but "the name above every name," onomo TiiK Baptist, the forerunner of tho to huperpan onoma, Ter. Q; viz. the supreme Lord, the son of Zachariah and Elisabeth. dipuity and aiitliority with which the Fa- He said he was "the voice of one crying in ther has invested Jesus Christ, as the re- the wilderness. Make strai^'ht the way of ward of bis disinterested esertion ir the the Lord, as said the prophet Isaiah," John cause of the divine glory and human hap- i. 2S. At about 30 "ears of age he entered piness. on the woik of Announcing the near ap- JEW, a name formed from that of Judali, proach of tke Messiah and his kingdom, and applied in its tiist use to uncbelonKii.f,'- and calling on the people to reform and be to the tribe or country of J udali, or rather immersc-d for the remission of their sins. Serhaps to a subiii-t of the separate kinff- Many of the people flocked to his baptism, om of Judah, 2 Kings xvi. 6; x.xv.5. Dur- and he was held in esteem by them as a ing the captivity tlie term seoins to have prophet; but it is said that " the I'harisees \)eene\ tended to all the people oft he Hcl lit w aud lawyers rejected the counsel of Ood lantruage and country without distinction, against themselves, not being baptized of Esther ni. fl, 9; Dan. iii. 8, 12; and this him," Lukevii.30. He baptized Jesus in loose app.icatiou of the name was preser- the river Jordan, and pointed him out as ved af:er liie restoration to Palestine, wht-n "the Lamb of God whieh takes away the it came to denote not only e\ ery descend- sin of the world," John i. 2{t. After tl-.o ant of Abraham in the largest possible Messiah had entered on his work of pro- janse, but even proselytes who had no clainuiig the glad tidings of the kingdom bloud-relatioa to the Hebrews. Acts ii. of God, John was beheaded by Herod Anti- 6, 10. pas, bccuise he had reproved him for the JOA.n'NA, [grace or gift of the Lord,] the wife sin of ad:iltery. Matt. ilv. S— 12. ufChuza, Herod's steward; wlioai'ier bciny Burnar.ied Mark, the companion of cured by our Savior followed him, l..uke Paul and Barnabas, Acts xii. 12. lie wrote viii. S. Also the son of Khe.sa, Luke iii. 27- the Gospel which bears his surname. JOB, [he that Keeps, I a patriarch celebrated a luember of the Sanhedrim, and a refor his p.itience under complicated and lative of tlie high-priest. Acts iv. 0. severe trials, and the const.mcyof his piet.v JOX.VH, one oithe minor prophets, who and virtue. His book is of very great an- probably lived in the reign of Jehu, B. C. tiquity ; its style, &c., harmonizes with the 881to 8.50. 2 Kings xiv. >5. He was sent on Pentateuch. The scene is laid in Idumea, a mission to Nineveh. See the book itself a part ot Arabia I'etrca. Supposed to have for the account. Keferred to. Matt. xii. 8'J— been contemporary with Moses. Bee Ezek. 41; xvi. 4; Luke xi. 20, 30. XIV. -JO; James v. 11. 14, J0PPA,J6eaufi/, comeliness, \ a seaport of JOKlj. \that Kills, eommanils.l One of the Palestine, of very ancient date, though po»- twelve minor prophets, the son of Pethuel. ses?îng au inferior hai bor. It is now caucd with Isaiah He was cunfernporaiy and Jafl"a. Mentioned Acts ix. 26—43; x. 5—8. .\inos, and deliveroil his predictions in the 23. reign of U7.zi;.h, between SoOandrJÔ IJ. (;. JOliDAN, a river of Palestine, the only con- His prophecy is ijuoted from by Peter on siderable one in the country. It rises in the day ol Pentecost, Acts ii. 10. Mount Hermon, formed by the union of JOil.M, [tk* ptft or favor of God,] tb-k Apo.itlb two springs— one " Jor," and t!ie ollur brother of James, aud the son of Zebedee,a " Dan, 'hence its name—and passes throu^cli native of Kethsaida in Galilee. He was lakes Mcroiii and Gennesareth, and after u the disciple whom the Savit.r loved, and course of 150 miles, flows into the Dead Sea. Bupposci to have been the youngest. He Befbre entering it, its ordinary breadt'.i, received Mary into his house after the according to Sliaw, is SO yards, audits ord AmIU of Jerua, which eeeuu W lutve beua nary d*pth IS feet. The "country beyoud ;

2i ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

the Jordan," comprised Perea, Batanea, JUDAS of Galilee, mentioned Acts v. 87. Trac'iomtis, Iturea, Cialaaditis, Gaulouitis, suniumed liarsaba.-i, a Cliristiai and Decipulis. teacher sent from Jerusalem to Antioch, JOSEPH, \increase, additton,) the son of Ja- along with Paul and Barnabas, Acts xv. (Kib and iiachel,— and brother to Bjajamin, 22, 27, 32. Gen. XXX. 22 '24. See his lii.story in iihe Lit- a Jew of Damascus with whom Paul ter p.irt of Genesis—which is one of thp lodged, Acts ix. 11. most beautiful and attractive that ever was JUDGES. Extraordinary men raised up by written. Jehovah, to deliver Israel from oppression, " • the husband of Mary, of whom was before the times of the kings. Fifteen such born Jesus, who is called Christ," Matt. i. persons presided over the Israelites duri:Tg 16. Being the nearest of kin to Heli, the the 4;0 years which elapsed from the dea! h father of i>Iary, he was espoused to her ac- of Joshua to the accession of Saul. Acts cording to law. He was tiie natural, that xiii.iO. is, 6v birth, son of Jacob, and the Ugal son JUDGMENT, the name of an inferior Jewish ofHeli; or, as we call it, so«-in4au) ; hence court, established in every city, and whuii called by liuke, the son of Heli, in virtue consisted of 25 members, who punished of his being Mary's husband. criminals by strangling or beheadinp-. • of Arima'thea, a senator, and pri- Matt. V. 21, 22. Also, the solemn actira vately a disciple of Christ, John xix. S8; fi-id trial at the great and last day. Eccl. Luke xsiii. 50, 51. xii. 14; Jude 6. The place of the adminis- called Barsahas, one of the two per- tration of justice, tinder the Roman gov- sons noniinatcd by the priraiti'. e C'liunh, ernor, was cabled tlie judgment hall, Jrhn to supply the place of Judas Iscaxiot, Acts xviii.2S; lix.O; and the tribunal, or place i. -23. of pronouncing sentence, the j'i«Zf;men<-»ea*, or JosES, a son of Mary and Cleopas, Matt, xxvii. ]i). and brother of Jnmes the Less, of Si;. ion, JULIA, idoicni/,1 one whom Paul salutes, and of Jude, and consequently one of those Horn, ivi.15. who are called-the breHircn of our Lord, JULIUS, [downy,] the centurion to whom Matt. xiii. 55; xxvii. 50; Markvi.S; xv. Paul was committed, to be conveyed to 40.47. Rome, Acts xx\ii. 1. or JosES, siAmamed Barnabas, Acts JUNIA, \yovth,] a female relative of Paul's, iv. 86. Kom. xvi. 7. JOSHUA, [the lord, the savior,] the successor JUPITER, [thefather who help/t,] the most of Moses as leader of Israel. He was liie ?o\verfulof the heathen denies. Acts xit.

son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, and i, 13 : xix. 35. born A. M. '2460. The book of Joshua com- JUSTIFICATION. This word occurs only prises the history of about 20 years, and three times in the common version— Kom. forms a continuation and completion to iv.2l; V.16, 18. Justify occurs in reference the Pentateuch, it describes the conquest to God, Rom. iii. -SO; Gal. iii. 8. Believers of Canaan; its partition among the tribes-. are said to be justified by Christ, Acts xiii. and the death and burial of Joshua. Three 39; hy favor, Rom. iii. £4; hy faith, Rom. iii.

other persons of this name are mentioned, 28; by his blood, Rom. v. 9 ; by the name of 1 Sam. vi.l4, 18; 3 Kingsxxiii. 8; Zech.iii. the Lord Jesus, 1 Cor. vi. 11 ; by works, James 1,3.9; vi.n. ii. 24. The original words translated "jus- JOURNEY, a passage from place to place. A tiji-cation" in the common version, are di- "Sabbath day's.lourney" was about a mile; kaiosis and dikaioma, signifying acquital. a common day's journey was about 20 forgiveness, absolution, deliverance from miles. Actsi. 11. the cor.seguences of sin. JOY, when to be shown, Luke x. 20; Rom. JUSTUS, (jus', upright,] mentioned Acts xii. 12; 2 Cor. xiii. 11; PhiL i. 4, IS; iv.4; xviii. 7; Col. iv. 11. 1 Thcss.iv. 16— IS, &c. JUblLEE, an extraordinary festival held KEDRON, [the turbid,} a brook or winter every seventh sabbatical year. Ordered, torrent which flows through the vaiieyof xviii. 1. Lev. XXV. 8 ; probably alluded to in Isa. Ixi. Jehoshaphat, mentioned Johu 1. 2; Luke iv. 18. 19. KEY. A symbol of power and authority. JUOAH, or JuBEA, \confes8inff, praise,] that Rev. i. 18; Isa. xxii. 22. Authority to ex- districtof Canaan belonging to the tribe ol plain the law and the prophets was given Sometimes it denoted the whole of by the delivery of a Key. When Rabbi ( Jadah. Jordan. Under Samuel died, they put his key and his tab- j Palestine west of the _ the Romans Palestine was divided in three por- lets into his coffin. tions—Galilee in the north, Samaria in the KKYS "of the kingdom of heaven." Matt, middle, and J udea in the south. The con- xvi. 19. These were given to Peter, who quest of this country is commemorated by had the authority, power, and honor of coins or medals, representing on one side first opening the door of the Gospel to both the head of the emperor Vespasian, and on Jews and Gentiles, Acts ii. 14— 4-2; x. the other the daughter of Zion, sittingona KING, a title applied in the Scriptures to heap of warlike weapons, under a palm men, Luke xxii. 2."); 1 Tim.iL 1, 2; 1 Pet. ii. tree, in a mournful attitude. Compare Isa. 13—17; to God, 1 Tim. 1.17; vi. 15, 16; and iii. 'Id and xlvii. 1. to Christ, Matt, xxvii. 11; Luke xix. 38; JUD.A.8 (the same meaning as Judah.) Isca- John i. 40; vi. 15; xviii. 82—37: to men as riot, the traitor, one of the twelve apostles invested with regal authority by their fel- the disciple who was entrusted with the lows; to God as the sole proper sovereign donations presented to our Lord, and who and ruler of the universe; and to Christ as at length betrayed his Master. the Son of God. the King of the Jews, the or Judb: called also Thaddeus, or sole Head and Governor of his Church. Lebbeus, and Zelotes, prohablv one of the Kl.VGDOM. (1.) The territories of a king. Twelve. He was the ai'thor oi the Epistle (2.) Roval power and dominion. Where bearing his name, wnich was intended the word occurs in the New Testament, ac- chiefly to guatd be'-ievei* a^ainbt false cording to Dr Geo. CampbelL it is gener- teachers. ally synonymous with rctj/n. Battleta, with —

TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 25

the Greeks, denoted either Reign or King- Havens, in the island of Crete. Acta xxvii dom. The Royalty or Kingdom of God, or 8. of Heaven, was announced by Daniel, chap, LAW, means .1 rule of conduct enforced bv ii. 44; vii. 0, 22; by John the Baptist, and an authority superior to that of the moral hy Jesus, Matt, iii.a; iv. 17; x./; xii. 28, heings to whom it is given. As found in the tc.; to be prayed for. Matt. vi. 10; Lukexi. Scriptures it is variously applied, and must after. vi. J; tobe Bought Matt. 35 ; Lukexii- be taken in the connection in which it qualifications fbr it. Matt. vii. Jl ; Luke stands to be properly 81 ; understood. Law ix. 62; Johniii.S, 6i Actsxiv.22: 1 Cor. sometimes means the whole revealed will 1. 5. vi. 9 : XT. SO : 3 Thess. 4, of God, contained in his word, Psa. i. 2- KISS, a natural symbol of affection and rev- lii. 7; xl. 8, &c.; sometimes doctrine, Prov! date. Early Chris- xiii. erence, of very ancient 14; the Mosaic economy, John i. 17- custom, kissed xiii. tians e

Noah. Gen. v. -js— ; and father of 31 Luke LEI5BEUS, \ strong -hearted,] a surname of iii. 36. Also, one who was a descendant of the apostle Jude. Cain, mentioned Gen. iv. 18, 21. LEGION, a division of the Roman army. In LAM PS. The lanips of the ancients were of the time of Romulus, a Roman legion con- various kinds. Those used at wedding pro- tained SOOO infantry, and 800 cavalry. cessions consisted of Id rags, squeezed About the time of Christ, it contained 6i00 hard against one another in a round figure, foot soldiers, and 300 horse. Mark v. 9; like a great sausage. Those who hold them Luke vii. 30: Matt. xivi. 53. have in the other hand a pitcher, with a LEl'ER. Simon the Leper, Matt. xivi. 6. Tcry narrow neck, full ot oil, of which they So called from his having been a leper: it pour out from time to time on the flame. was unlawful to eat with persons who had This explains Christ's declaration, thut he the leprosy " will not Quench the smoking flax," Matt. LEVI, [held, associated,) the third son of Ja- Kii.20; ana shows why the foolish virgins cob and Leah, bom in Mesopotamia, B. C needed "oil in their vessels," Matt. xxv. 4. 1750. Gen. xxii. 84. Also the name of Laws concerning them in the tabernacle. Matthew, Mark il. 14. Num. viii. 1—4. LEVITLS, the descendants of Levi, appoint- LANGUAGES or TowstTES, gift of, at the ed to assistxhe priests in their services: to day of Pentecost, Acts ii. 1-13 ; conferred by see that the temple was kept clean, to pre- the apostles. Acts viii. ^7: x. 46; xix. O'; pare oil, wine, &c., for God's house: to take 1 Cor. xii. 10. care of the saered revenues. LAODICEA, {}uit people,] a city of Phrygia, LIBERTINES. Jews who were free citizens in Asia Minor, 4i miles east of Ephesils. A or burgesses of Rome, Acts vi. 9. Christian church wa* early planted in this LIBYA, [the heart of f he tea,] a province in place. Rev. 1. \\. It is now an extensive Africa, westward of le-viit, famous for its ruin. Christ's message to the Church armed chariots and hoises, 3 Chroii. xvi. there, Hev. in 14 li. 8: Actsii. 10. LASCIVIOUSNESS censured, Rom.xiii. IS; LIFE, properly existence, either animal or iv. 10. S Cor. XII. 21 : Gal. v 19; Eph. &c. rational. Natural life, valuable, Psa. xlix. citjr uw*r i'air LASEA, 10 rocky country,] a 7—9: short aad uncertain. Job vii. 16: ilv 28 ,

2« ALPHABETIC4L APPENDIX

7—9; short and nncertaiu. Job vii. 17; xiv. LORD'S DAY, Rev. i. 10, is thought by some 7—10; Psa.xixis. 5; ic. 6, 6, 9, 10; 1 Pet. to be the same as the first day of the week, i. 24; not to be preferred to oux duty. Matt. when Christians assembled for worshio; X.39; xvi.25; Markviii.35; Lukeix.24; but it is considered by others as merely xvii.S2; Johnxii. 24; future and eternal synonymous wilh " the day of the Lord, life described, Luke xx. 36; 1 Cor. xv. 12— 1 Thess. v. 2. The expression standing 57; Phil. iii.20, 21, &C. alone, and being unaccompanied by any LIGHT created. Gen. i. 3—5, 14—19. Applied other words which tend to explain its to God, 1 .^ohn i.6; to Christ, John i. 9: to meaning, it is diflicult to decidewhich view God's Word, Psa.cxix. 105: 2 Pet. i. 19: to is cor"ect. The earliest authentic instance " the apostles, Matt. v. 14, 16: to Christians, in which the name of the Lord's day" is Eph. V. 8. It is the well-known symbol c I applied, (after the passage in the Apoca- knowledge. lypse,) is nottillTertuUian uses it, about LIGH INING, the flash of the electric fluid, A. D. 200; and perhaps a little later, tlie as it passes from oue cloud to another. The term is made use of by Dyonisius of Cor- power and wrath of God are often repre- inth, as quoted by Eusebius. sented by thunder and lightnings. Job LOT, [wrapped up ] the son of Haran, and xxxvii. 3—5: Psa. xviii. 12, &c. nephew of Abraham. After the death of LILY, a beautiful flower common in Pales- his father, he accompanied his uncle from tine, of which there are seieral varieties. Ur to Haran, and thence to Canaan, Gen. The lily referred to by our Savior in Matt. xiii. 8, 9. Mentioned 2 Pet. ii. 7. vi. 30, was probably the amaryllia lutea, LOTS, things cast or drawn in order to de- whose golden flowers in autumn afford one termine a point in debate. Lev. xvi. 8; of the most brilliant and gorgeous objects Josh, vii.; Prov. xvi. 33; xviii. 18; Acts i. in nature. 26; Matt, xxvii. 35. LINEN, cloth made of flax, well-known at a LOVE 01 God, its nature, John iii. 16; xvii. viii. very early period. In some passages the 23; Rom. v. 8; 39 ; I John iii. 1, 2, Ac; word 80 rendered probably means cotton of Christ, John xiii. 1; xv. 12, 13; Rom. Specimens of cotton cloth are found on the viii. 35, &c. Love to God required, Deut. vi. oldest mummies. 6; X. 12; rendered by his children, PhiL i. LINUS, [neti.] a person mentioned by Paul, 9; 1 Johnii. 6; iv. 19; how shown, 1 Johii 2 Tim.iv.2l. iv. 20, 21; V. 1—3; to Christ, its nature. LION "of the tribeof Judah." A lion being Matt. X. 37—42; John xiv. 15, 21, 23, &c.; the ensign of the tribe of Judah, the phrase brotherly love enjoined, John xiii. 34; xv. IS apiilied to Christ, who sprang from that 12,17; Rom. xii. 9, lO; xiii. 3; 1 Cor. xiii. trite; and is symbolical of his great &c.: of the world, forbidden. Matt. v. 24; strength, Rev. v. 5. xiii. 22; James i.'i!7; iv. 4; 1 John ii. 15. LOAF. The Eastern ioaf was a large cake, LUCIUS, \_luiiiinoiis,[ a prophet in the con- Exod. xxix. 23; 1 Chron. xvi. 3; Mark gregation at Antioch, Acts xiii. 1. Proba- viii. 14. bly the same Lucius who is mentioned in LOCUSTS, an insect resembling a grass- Rom. xvi. 21, as Paul's relative. hopper, only much larger in size. The pro- LUCRE, worldlv wealth, the love of forbid- phetical writings of the Old Testament den. Matt. vi. 24; 1 Tim. iii. 3 ; 1 Pet. v. 2. abound wilh allusions to this insect as one LUKE, iluminous,'] a native ef Antioch, and of God's most dreadful scourges. Moses a physician. He was Paul's companion mentions them as lawful food. Lev. xi. 22; and assistant, Philemon 23, 24; 2 Tim. iv. and it is said that John the Baptist ate lo- 11. He was the writer of the history bear- custs while in the desert of Judea, Mark i. ing his name, and of the Acts of the Apos- 6. But whether these were the insects so tles. called, or the sweet pu'py pods of a tree, The Book ofLuke't Gospel appears to have is not fully agreed. Locusts, however, are been written to correct numerous errone- still eaten in the East both by rich and ous narratives of the life of Jesus. The poor. Symbolically locusts represent great style both in this and in the Acts, is pure and terrible armies. Rev. ii. 3. and elevated, and many facts are given LOINS, the lower region of the back. The which are not contained in the other Evan- orienta'.s who wear long robes, are obliged, gelists. when then apply themselves, to any busi- LUKEWARMNES8 censured. Matt. viii. 21 ness, to use a girdle. Hence, to have the Luke ix. i)7—62; Actsxxvi.29; Rev. iii. 15. "loins girded" is the same as to be in LUNATICS, persons affected by some dis- readiness for action. Luke xii. 25; Eph. order, and supposed to be influenced by the vi. 14. moon, such as epilepsy, melancholy, insan- LOIS, [better,\ Timothy's grandmother, ity, &c. See Demoniacs. 2Tim. i. 5. LYC.\ONIA, \she wolf,] a province of Asia LONG HAIR. Chardonsays, "The eastern Minor, west ol Cappadocia, where Paul and women are remarkable for the greit length Barnabas planted congregations. Acts xiv. and the number of the tresses of their hair. 6— .0. Their hair hangs at full length behind, di- LYDDA, \nativitu,\ a town about 14 miles vided in tresses braided with ribbon or from Joppa, 32 miles west from Jerusalem. pearl. Lady Montague counted one hun- Acts ix. 32, 85. dred and ten tresses, all natural, on the; LYDIA, [maijnet,] a woman of Thyatira, "* head ol one lady. The men wear but very seller of purple," who dwelt in Philippi iu little on iheir heads. Young men wlio wear Macedonia, Acts xvi. 14, 15. Also a prov- their hair in the East, are regarded as et- ince in the west of Asia Minor. feminate and infamous." LYING, forbidden. Eph. iv. 25; CoL iii. 9: LORD, {proprietor,] a Saxon word signifying will be punished, Psa. V. 5; Iii. 1—7; Eev. ruler or governor. When the word repre- xxi.8,27; examples, 2 Kings v. 25; Acts t. sents the dread name of Jehovah, or Yah- 1— 11. weh, it is printed Lord, in small canitals, LYSANIAS, {that drive* aw»v sorroic.! tet- in the authorized "ersion. The word is ap- rarch of Abilene, when John began his mis- plied to Jesus Christ, to angela, to princes, sion as the harbinger of the Messiah, Luke f« Ljosters, to husbands, &c«^ iii.l. I

TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 27

'TSIA or I nia is now the western part of Iloumelia. witness of our Lord's life. MAliDALA, [magnijicent,] a town mentioned or Character; "mark on their in Matt, x v. 30, and the probable birthplace foreheads," and on " the ri^rht hand," Magialene, i. e. Mary of Magdala. ot Mary Ezek. ix. 4; Kev. vii. S; xiii. 10; xiv. 0; MAGI, or WisB Meh, Matt. ii. 1—12. Sages IX 4; an open profession of allegiance to eminent for their knowledge of astronomy, those whose name or character they bear. natural philosophy, and theology. They Both servants and soldiers, in ancient were probably descendants of Ishmael, and times, were marked on the forehead, and from Arabia, a country east of Judca. hands, with some hieroglyphic, or with the MAGICIANS, learned men of the East, who name expressed in vulgar letters, or dis- professed the knowledge of future events guised in numerical letters, according to by astroloev, Dan. ii. 5; iv. 7, 0, &c. the fancy of the imposer. Christians, MAGISTRATES to be obeyed by MAKKS "of the Lord Jesus," Gal. vi. 17. Horn. xiii. 1—7; Titus iii. 1; 1 Pet. ii. The scars received from stripes and chains, 1:5—17. alluding to an Egyptian custom, according M.\LICE forbidden, 1 Cor. v. 8; xiv.8; Eph. to which any man's servant who fled to iv.Sl; Col. iii. 8, &C. the temple of Hercules, and had the sacred MALACHI, [mfstenger,] thelast of the minor brands or marks of that deity impressed prophets. His pri)i)hecy connects well npon him, was supposed to be under his with the Gospel histories, to which allusion immediate care, and privileged from all i. vii. 27. is made in huke 77 ; harsh treatment. So Paul claims exemp- MALCllUS, [king,] the servant of the high- tion from reflections on his character, or priest Caiajjhas, whose right ear Peter cut disputes about the necessity of circumci- off. but which was healed by Jesus, John sion, for he valued far more the scars lie xviii.lO. bore than theae marks enforced by Judaiz- MALE nor FEMALE, Gal. iii. SS. Females ing teachers. to all the Heathen rite.s, were not admitted M.VliklAGK, its institution. Gen. ii. 21—?4; and the privileges of Jewish females were its nature. Matt. xix. 4—9; 1 Cor. vi 10* vii. also limited. 10,11; Eph. V. 31 ; lawful for all Chris'- signifying wealth, MA.MMON, aSyriacTTord tians, I Cor. vii. 38; ITim. v. 14; Heb. xi.i. as personification and used by our Savior a 4; ancien. mode of celebrating it. Gen. of the god of riches. Matt. vi. 24; Luke xxix. 22; seenbyour Lord's parables. Matt. XVI. l.V xxii. 1— 12; XIV. 1—10: sanctioned by his creation and primeval dignity. presence, ii. JlAN, his John I— 10 ; none in the resur- ii. Psa. viu. Eccl. vii. Gen. i. "26, 27; 7; 5; rection-state. Matt. xiii. 30; Mark xii 2.'>' of S9; his fall, Gen. iii. 17; corruption his Luke XI. S5. The "marriage of the Lamb,'"' nature, Kom. iii. 10—23; Gal. v. 17; E;)h. ii. Kev. xix. 7, is expressive of the union of 1—3; his mortality. Gen. iii. I'J; Job vii. Curist and his Church. 10—14; Psa.lxii.O; cxlvi. 8; Eccl.xii.7; MAUS HILL. Seee Areopagus. ICor. XV. 22: IPet. i. 24: his life and dig MAKTHA, [xoho becomes bitter,] the sister of niiy restored by Christ, John iii. 14, IT), 3(5; Lazarus and Mary, Lukex.38—4J ; John xi iv. 14; v.2.i; v. 59, 40; x. 27, 28; xi. 2.5 1—4!; xii, 2. XV. "old denotes \ Cor. 2i, &c. The man" M.\RTYK, properly means a witness, and i« unsanclified disposition, the the natural, applied in the New Testament:- 1. To jv- "new man" the new disposition created dicial witnesses. Matt. xvui. 10; xxvi.0.% and cherished by the gospel. "Natural" &c. 2. To one who testifies to what he " has person unrenewed ; or animal man, a the seen, heard, or known, Luke xiiv. 48; Acts man," or the "hidden man of the i. inward 8, 22 ; Horn. i. 9, &c. 3. And most rarely regenerate principle heart," the within, as to one who by his death bears witness to opposed to the "outward man,"—that the truth, which now is the most usual which ii •ztemal and visible in the con- meaning; of the word. In this sense we on- duct. ly find it in Acts xxii. 20; Be v. ii. 13- •om/orfer, teacher in MANAEN, [• I a the xvii. 7. congregation at Antioch, who had been MARY, [exalted.] Six persons of this name brouetat up with Uarod tke tetrarch. Acts are mentioned in the New Testament:— The mother of Jasus. Sh« was the daugh : ' —

gs ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

tcr o» Eli, of the royal family of David, Hcb. vii. 1, 2. Of his nation, parentag^e, sister ag-e, &c., nothing is recorded: hence le ii mart. i. 16; Luke i. 27 : ii. 5. 1. The &c. 3. sa d to be "without descent, haviugiieithtr of Lazarus, Luke x. SU : John xi. 1, Wary Magdalene, a resident of Maf^dala, beginning of days, nor end of life." He Luke*iii.2: Johniix.25. Out of her Je- was an eminent type of Christ. sus cast seven demons. She is not that fe- MELITA, iafording honey,"] an island in the called Malta, be- male ,iinner mentioned Luke vii.37. 4. The Mediterranean Sea, now wifeof Cleopas, Johnxix.-io, and mother of tween Africa and Sicily. It is abi ui vO James, Jude, Joses. Simon, and Salome, miles long, and 12 broad. Here Paul was Acts xxviii. 1. called the brethren of our Lord: from shipwrecked. [.to bay, or seUyl one of the fabu- it has been thought tliat Cleopas, MEiiCURY, which son of Jupiter audjoseph, the husband of the virgin Jlary lous deities of the heathen, Maia, and messenger to the rest. He were brothers. 5. The mother of Mark, and at Kome, Kom. was worshipped as the patron of learning, Act J xii. 12. 6. A resident eloquence, and trade. Tlie fluency of Paul Lystra suppose Paul MASTERS, their duty, Eph.vi.9: Col.iv.l: made the people of ly Matt. was Merctiry, Acts xiv. 12. Junes V. 4: exan-p.es, Uen. xvui. : x. 2. MERCY, an attribute of God, 3 Sam. xxiv. viii 5—10: Luke vii. 3—10: Acts Isa.i.18; Eph.ii.4; Titus iii. 5, 1 Pet. M\TTATI1A, [j/i/',] son of Nachan, an an- 14; i.2; duty of man, Luke vi. 36; x. SO cestor of Jesus Christ, Lukeiii.31. the MAl'TATIllAS, \the gift of the Lord,] two 37; Rom. xii. 8; its reward, Psa. xxxvii. Luke vi. 85: James ii. 13. p3rsons of that name, ancestors of Jesus, 27;Matt. T.7; MERCY-SEAT or Pbopitiatort, the cover- Luke iii. io, 26. [the retns,] son of Eleazar, ing of the ark, or the lid of the ark of the MiiTTHAN, which was the crown or Utherof Jacob, and giar- f ther of Joseph, covenant, round gold, on which the cherubim husband of the virgin Mary. Matt. i. border ot and v,he were represented as looking. Before this gives,] son of Levi, the high-priest stood to ask counsel of the JyATTHAT, [g^ft, he that he received blessings for father of Ueli, Lulve 111. 24. Lord, and there And is our mercy-seat, Rom. AL'THEW, [given, a reward,] also named the people. Christ Al- iii. by bim we have access to the Levi, an apostle and evung-e.ist, son of 35, and cheus. by birth a Galueau, aud by profes- Facher. v. BiESoPOTAMIA, [betwen two rivers,] the eion a tax-gatherer, kark .1. 14; Lulie probably written famous province between the Tigris and 37 Ills narrative was ana Greek. Euphrates called in t!.e Old Testament both m Hebrew . writ- Padan-aiain, Gen. xxviii. 2. It is much The Book of Mattheui was the first contains full celebrated in Scripture as being the first of all the Gospels, and a ten of men, both before and after tl.e of the birth, life, actions, death, dwelling account country, according to Ptole- resurrection of Christ. The style is Deluge. This and Probably was very populous, and had 70 impor- very plain aud persi.uuous. my, tant cities. It is now called Dtaibekir and written about A. D. S8-41, in Hebrew, and after in Greek. About A D 1^4 a Aigestra. shortly See Anoihted and Christ. Greek copy was fouud in the East Indies, MESSIAH. copy A11C.\H, a prophet of the tribe of Judah, who and in the year 4SS anothei Greek wood, and lived in tlie iatier days of Isaiah and Hosea, found .".t Cyprus, written en was reit,'ns of Jotham, Ahaz, and esteemed very ancient. and in the \thegiftofttieLord,i one of the Hezekiah. His prophecy is one of the mo^t MATTHIAS, the Old Testament. He gives disciples who was cho*en by lot, in importantin seventy of the very city where the Me^- preference to Joseph Barsabas. "'to the the name siah was to be born, in chap. v. 2, which is number of the apostles, to 'iupply the place '23-26. iSothiug quoted in Matt, ii.5, 6, as well as many im- of Judas Iscaviut, Acts i. caj-eer. portant circuinst.inces connected with bis i« known of his subsequent intotneBosom Ihe eastern millennial kingdom and glory. MEASURING \nho asGod,] thenamegiven to Earmeiits being long and lolded andgirded MICHAEL, oneotthechief angels, who, in Daii. x. 13— with girdles, admitted of carrying much described as having special char^-e < f corn and Iruits of that kind in the bosom. 21, is the Israelites as anation. Dan. xii. 1; Judj VI. 88. Luke 1 • ^ 1ft 20,OA 9; Rev. xii. 7—8. Metitees, occurs Gal . ui. 19, MEDIATOK, The Roman mile, mentioned I..aU. to Moses. Jesus is called the One MILE. applied paces of 5 feet each, and viz.ot the Christian Institution. v. 41, was lUUO Mediator, reckoning each foot at WAl inches, the 11. 5, and the Mediator of a new and 1 Tun mile would belittle more than 1014 yards, and better covenant, H.eb.vii.6: ix.l5: xu. negotiates or 146 yards less than ours. It was equal 24 It occurs 6 times. One that 8 Greek stadia. be'twcen two parties—God aud man. There- to [red, scarlet,] a seaport town of unites both in his own person. MILETLS, fore Jesus 36 miles south of Ephesus. mediates a new institution between .\sia Minor, He Mentioned Acts xx. 15 38. and man, and is Immanvel, God with — God MILL. The mill for grinding corn had not temper of mind wholly superseded the mortar for pounding n't; E KM ESS, that quiet to anger, but it in the time of Moses. The mortar and which is not soon provoked revenge, the mill are named together in Num, xi.S. suffers iniuries without desire ot meal is mentioned as early as the submits to the will of God, Col. in. 1:: Fine and Gen. xviii. 6. The mill to receive the truth, James i. time of Abraham, and is ready amongthe Hebrews differed little unspeakable value, 1 Pet.iii. 4; common 81: it is of this day Christ, Cor. 1. 1 from that which is in use to shone conspicuously in 2 Northern exhorted to it, Lph. throughout Western Asia and : Christians Matt. xi. 2y circular stones iii. 2. Africa. It consisted of two : 1 Tim. vi. 11 ; Titus iv. 2 six inches thick. Iking of r^ghteoxlsne»s,^\ two feet in diameter and " MEbCHIZEDEK, of the " nether niillbtoiie Salem, and a priestof the most high The upper side kins of concave, and the lower side of the up- though not a Jew. and to him Abra was God per one convex, 'ine lower stone was fixeai; bam gave tithes, Uen. xiv. l»j i »**• w*- *= TO TOE NEW TESTAMENT. 29

and the upper onewaa made to turn round ning of each sacred month, according t» 111)1)11 it. llie liole for i-ecciviiig the grain Thurman's Astronomical Chronology:— was in the upjKJr millstone, and which was KamtofMontK Beginning tvitli Datjt- moved by womeu, who sat opiwsite to each other. Matt. iTiv.41. Abrb—Kiod. liii. 4. Imo. March 22nd. SI Zif— King! vi.l. MIND, put for the will, renewed, Rom. viii. I 2mo. April 2lst. 30 SiT»n—Either viii. 9. 3mo. May 20th. 31 f nature. fore the new moon of our April, which Every institution of God began with mira- would, of course, fix the commencement of cles, all or works beyond the power of natural the other months one whole month la- law. The first man was an adult, and ter than is coninionly done. never an infant, as reason, experience, and MOON, a secondary planet, always attendant revelation assert. The Jewish institution on our eai th. The moon was formed to began in miracle. So did the Christian give light in and to rule the night, and to distintruish commence with a glorious display of mir- times and seasons. Gen. i. 14. aculous rowers. This was "the demonstra- "Numbering by months or moons is' ap- tion of tne Si)irit," and this "the power of propriate "o the works of darkness; be- * IP God," on which the taith of Christians rests. cause moon is fie governess of night • MIUROii. Theoldest mirrors were mafle of numbering by the course o'the sun, is ap^ metal. It was from such. contn"'utOd bv propr'a{- MITYLENE, \purity,'] the capital of Lesbois, chebed, Exod. vi. i(t. He was the writer ol an island of the Grecian Archipelago, N. the Pentateuch. After leading forth the VV. of Smyrna. It is now culled Castro, Israelites from Eg;, pt, ani through the and sometimes Metilin, Acts xx. 14. desert for^v years, and conducting them to WNASoN, la diligent teeker,] mentioned tlie borders of the promised land, he died at Acts xxi. 10. the ase of liO years in the full vigor of both MoDEliATION enjoined, 1 Cor. vii. 20, SI, mind anH b

so ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

Many of the noble Jews departed out of NATN, iheaHty.'] a triw.i of Palestine. siftt!». the city, and vast numbers fled to the ted about 8 miles S. E. of Nazareth. Luk« mountains; and ancient writers tell us, vii.ll— 15. that at tliat .juncture, all wlio believed in NAKED. This word is often used in a modi- Christ left Jerusalem, and remo\ id to fied sense, to describe a person only viirt y places beyond; and so escaiied the general clothed, Micah i. S>; John x.ti. 7. All oii- is entals wear a mere cloth round hi s, ravages of their country, that not one their j stated to have perished in that devoted when at labor, and are then cal cd city. "naked." It is from not knowing tli m MOURNING for sin, the evidence of repen- that some have supposed thatperscns we; e tance, Psa. xxxviii. 6; li. 2; Matt. v. 4; formerly baptized in a state of literal na-

1 Cor. V. 2 ; James iv. 9 ; for the dead, law kedness; whereas they only laid aside tlie concerning', Deut. xIt. 1 ; instances of, loose outer garment. The word i» used Gen. 1.8; Matt. ix. 53. figurati\ e!y, in various eenses. MOUTH, as the orpan of speech, signifies NAME, when applied to God, often means the words which proceed out of it, which his nature and attributes, that is, God him- in the sacred style, are the same as com- self. Psa. IX. 1 ; Prov. xviii. ID. His name TU'iinds and actions. "According to the to be reverenced, Exod. xx. 7; Lev, xix. VI; commandment oi Pharaoh," Gen. xlv. li', Psa. Cii.9; Mutt. vi. 9; also the name oi is in the original, according to the moufh Jesus, Phil. ii. 10; Christians baptized in of Pharaoh ; hence, for a person or thuia: the name of Jesus, Matt, xxviii. ly : Acts to come out of the mouth of another is to ii.38; xix. 5; Roni.vi.3; Gal.iii.'27; prayer be constituted or commanded to become an to be offered to Jehovah in his name, John agent orministerunder a superior power; xvi. 23. this is frequent in the Apocalypse. The NAPHTALI, [my wrettling,'] the sixth son of term mouth is not only applied to a speech Jacob, and his second by Eilliah, KacUt-i's or words, but also to the speaker, EioJ.iv. handmaid. born B. C. 1747, in Padaii-a.ani. 16; Jer. XV. 19, in which sense it has a ne.ir The limits of the territory of the tribe of equivalent in our expression "mouth- Naphtali are described in Josh. xix. 32—39. piece." Alluded to Mîtt. iv. 1:5—16. MUKDER forbidden, Exod. xx. 13; Deut. v. NARCISSUS, lastoiiishmenf,'] a Christian at 17; laws respecting it. Gen. ii. 6; Lev. Rome, saluted by P.iul, Kom. xvi. 11. xxiv. 17; instances. Gen. iv. 8; 2 Sant. iii. NATlrlAN, {giren,"\ the son of David and 17; XX.8— 13, &c. Bethsheba, the father of Mattatha, Luke MURMURING eensnred, 1 Cor. x. 10; Phil, iii. 31. Also, a prophet in the time of Da- vid, 2 vii. 3, &c. li 14; Judel6; instances among the Is- Sam. igiven raelites, Exod. T. 20, 21; xiv. 11 ; xv. â.'M; NATHAJJIEL, of God,] honorably XVI, 2; Num. xi. 1; xiv. 1, 2; xvi. 41; mentioned, Jolni i. 45—51. Probably the xx'i. 5. same as Bartholemew, one of the twelve „ , , MUSTARD-TREE, or Sinapi, probably a apostles. [kept,flower, tree found near Jerusalem, but most abun- NAZAKENE, 'j an epithet con- dantly on the banks of the Jordan; and stituting a part of one of the names gi\ en round the sea of Tiberias, the seed of which to our Lord. It was acontemptuous desig- was employed as a substitute for musiard. nation and a term of reproach, andas such, Indeed, the common Arabic name for it is as well as a mere epithet of description, ii khardal. which signifies mustard. Its ber- is used in the Mew Testament. ries or seed are much smaller than a grain NAZARETH, [a uarded, flourishing,] a small of black pepper, having a strong aromatic city in the tribe of Zcbulon, in Lower Gali- smell, and ataste much like that of garden lee, about 70 miles north of Jerusalem, and cress. Its botanic name is Salvadora Fer- 6 W. N. W. from Mount Tabor, situated on xiii. 31. a hill, and overlooking a suporb and siîci- sica. Matt. , . _ vaiiey. 1 1 is called ISessara. MYKA, \Ifl(ru},] one of the chief towns of ous now Here Lycia, in Asia Minor. Acts xxvii. 5. Jesus dwelt f.oni liis childhood up, for M Y RRH, a favorite perfume, a gum obtained nearly 30 years. Lukeii.51; iv. IG— :9. from the myrrh tree, John xix. 39. NAZAiilTE, [a separated one,] a Jew who MYSIA, [cnminal,\ a province occupying made a vow to observe uncommon devo- theN.W.angleof Asia Minor, south of By- tion, either for a given period or for life. 1—21. thynia. Acts xvi. 7, 8. Num. vi. MYSTERY, My»tfrJon, secret, hidden mean- NK.Vi'OLIS, [nem ci^,'j a maritime city of ing, occurs 28 times. The secrets of the Macedonia, near the borders of Thrace, kingdom ol God so called. Matt. xiii. li; now called Napoli. Acts xvi. H. calling of TESTAMENT, or New Covkm.-.wt. Mark iv. 11 ; Luke viii. 10. The NEW the Gentiles is called a mystery, Col. i. 26, See Covenant. [covqueror 27. The first and leading sense of mysfenon NICHOLAS, of the people,] a proselyte of Antioch, is arcanum, a secret, anything not dis- and one or' the seven closed, not published to the world, though deacons. Acts vi. 5. perhaps communicated to a selectnumber. NICODEMUS, [innocent blood,} a Pharisee And the other meaning is so nearly allied and member of the Sanhedrim, who came night, to it that it may properly be reckoned only to Jesus by to make inquiry into the a psaticular application of the same mean- truth of the report he had heard concerning ing. The wora is sometimes employed to him. John iii ; further mentioned, John denote the figurative sense, as distin- vii. 50: xix. 30. guished from the literal, which is conveyed NICOLAITANS, [eonqueror$ of the people,] under any fable, parable, allegory, symboli- This word only occurs twice. Rev. li. 6, 15, cal action, representation, dream, or vision. and it is not known from whom the name The one is, as it were, open to the senses; is derived, Ireneus, the earliest Christian the other requires penetration and reflec- author who mentions them, says simply, tion. "It very clearly appears from the Apoca- lypse, that the Nicolaitans held fornication, eating of idol-sacrifices, to be things y \ II?HON, {Ihaijoretellt, } n.entôned Luke and the iudifl'erent, and 1 Jvrelore permitted to ;

TO TUE NEW TESTAMENT. '1

Christians." Their practices were not on- OFFERINGS, properly presents, and ob- ly opposed to the whole spirit aiid morality viou.-,ly applied in the religious ritual \^ of the Gasp d, but a violation or;ia express all things solemnly brought to the sacred /1«-rff '>rtKe Apostles »nd Elders. Acts xv. tent or temple to oe devoted to Jehovan. NI«'OrOLIS. {tictorwti* cit;i,\ a city of According to ability, 1 Chron. ixix. IS—J?: Thiace, now Nicopi, on the river Kessus, Ezra 11.68,89; Mark xii. 4'!. 44; 2 Cor. niL DOW KarasoB, which was here the bounda- 12; 1 Tim. vi. 17— IB. Under the law. they ry between Thrace and Macedonia. Titus were either cbiinatory, as the sin-ofTennir, iii 12. the trespass-offeribg, the barnt-onering, NIGER, tblaek,] the surname of Simon, one the meat-offering; or were toluntary, as of the teachen iu the church at Autioch, free-will or peaee-oflferings of animali or Acts xili. I. fruits. KIGHT. thf time between evening and morn- OIL, obtained from olives, such as we now ing, and is a svmbol of i^iorance, Kom. call tweet otl, was abundant in Palestine,, xiii 12: death. Jr.hn ix. 4, and the season and at present is generally used through-' tn wnich anythinif comes suddenly and un- out Western Asia. 1^ is thought bv Orien- expectedly upon us, 1 Thess. v. 2 ; Isa. xv. tals to be more agreeable at meals than I . Luke XII 2a butterandaniinalf.it; and Euroijeanssoou KINEVEH. the capital of Assyria, founded acQuire the same preference. The Hebrews by Ashur. the son of bhem. Gen. x. 1 1, and used olive oil m their nieat-oflerings, la became one of the largest cities of the their sacred lamps, and in their common World. It was s-.tu<>ted on the banks of use. Oil for the use of thesanctuary, men- Tigris. In tht '/nth year of the reign of tioned xxvii. the Exod. 20; Lev. xxiv. i —i. Josiab. B. C. 572. i*^ was utterly overthrown anointing, Kiod. xxx. 22—38; xiivii. 20*. by the Medes. Matt. xii. 41. See Lamps. N[NEVITKS. the inhabitants of Nineveh, OINTMENT, oil perfumed, used to anoint Lube XI 90. the head,&c., Psa-cxxxiii. 2; Eccl. xi; Iba NU.\H \repcae,] the second father of the hu- i.fi. man race, wasthesonof Lainech, tliegraiid- OLD AGE, to be respected. Lev. xix. 32; t.oii of Methuselah, and the tenth from 1 Tim. V. 1, 2; what renders it venerable Adam, bom A M lOM. A midst the general Prov. xvi. 31; xx. 20; the infirmities ot u. corruption ot the human race, he alone was Eccl. zii; the duty required of it. Titus ii. found rifriiteous. Gen. iv.9, and was saved 2,3. Willi hirt tamilv ni the ark. when the rest OLIVE-TREE, a tree verj* common in Pal- of mankind were destroyed. Gen. v. 28—32; estine. It has spreading branches like an VI—IX, honorably mentioned, Ezek. xiv. apple tree, and remains green in the win- it .0. Heb XI. 7 ter. It flourishes about 200 vears. There NU.MBEliS. Tieo—a few, Isa, rii. 21; 1 are two kinds, the wild and the cultivated. Kinars xvii 12. Three o. Mird—Greatness, The fruit which is about the size of a small excellency, and perfection, four— Univer- plum, is very wholesome and nourishing, •iiiity of the natters comprised therein. and is the chief resource of the orientals The tour cornel s of the earth denote all for oil. It ripens from August to Septem- parts of It. Jer. xli.T 3fl. Seven— a. Xar^Q ber. The olive tree, remarkable for its and complete, but uncertain and indefinite verdure, soundness, and useful oil is the number Jn us Hebrew etymology it sig- sjTnbol of the most illustrious and useful perfection. II 1 ties fulness and 3«n—Many, men. Moses and Aaron were two olive- as well u thai precise number. Gen. xxxi. trees. So were Zerubbabel and Joshua. 7.41. Isa. lxi.3; Jer. xi. 18. It is also an emblem of peace and mercy. The dove carried an OA TH. a solemn affirmation, accompanied olive-branch to in the Noah ark ; and the I'V an appeal to Jehovah in attestation of original word, elauu, mercy, i» derived from the truth ot what IS said. An oath should etoia, an olive. never be taken but in matters of import- OLIVET, orMoirsfT op Olhtki, a mountain ance, nor sworn by the name of any but the or lid-e lying to the east of Jerusalem, true God. as in» an act of solemn worship some 60} paces, from which it is separated nor irreverantly, without Rodly fear and by the ralley of Jehoshaphat and the brook awe of the Most Hiffh, Josh.xxiii./; James Kedron. From its summit there is a fine V 12; Deut. VI. 13, Matt. v. 34, S5. Jer. v. view of Jerusalem, and of the Dead Sea. 7 Indeed it is held by some that oaths Our Savior often withdrew with his disci- ought not to be taken at all. .lustin, Ire- ples to this mountain, and here he beheld neua, Basil, Chrysostom, Augustine, &c., the city, and wept over its approaching unchristian. held oaths to be destruction ; and from this spOt he ascend- OBEDIENCE, must be complete, James ii. ed to heaven in the presence of his apos- 10,11; better than sacrifice, ISam.xr. 22; tles. Luke xix. 41—44; xxiv. 50. 51. Psa. L8. 13: h. 18: Isa. i. 11—15: Matt. ix. OLYMPAS, \bearenlv.'; a Christian at Rome, IS. xii. 7. saluted by Paul, Rom. xvi. 15. res- OFFEND, OFFENCE. Terms which OLYMPIC GAMES, allusions to them, 1 Cor. all transgressions of the laws ix. pect kinds of 24—27? Phil. iii. 12—14; 1 Tim. vi. 12; o( God. The oriffinal words, which are 2 Tim. ii. 5; iv.7, 8; Heb. xii. 1—3. used met.iphoncallv allude to a stone or OMEG-V. thela.'it letter of the Greek alpha- Btamblmg-block in a person's way, by bet, proverbially applied " to express the end. wliith he sustains serious iniury, and is See Alpha. retarded in his progress to a aesirable ob- ON!:SI.MLS, [profitabU. utefut,] mentioned ject. See Matt. v. i'.t. 50: xvi.23. xviii.6, 7; Col. IV. «; Philemon 10—21. Kom. XIV. IS. &c. When tlie Lord Jesus is ONESIPHORUS, Iprofit-trmc/er.} a chris- denominatea "a stone of stumbiing. a rock tian highly comraemied by Paul, for his effect is evidently put for of oflence," the benevolence toward him while he wa.~~-«*uxal w ibdom. llie " moit holy phtce "•. :;~~

~~52 ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX~~

in the temple, was called the oracle, bc- Job xxvii. 1. New Testament parable* (•:"U»e there the priest inquired of God, seem to be generally employed in ^he second 1 Kings vi. 5—19. The SL-rij'ture.^, called sense mentioned above, viz. to denote a the oracles of God, Acts vii. S3; Kom. iii. fictitious narrative, under which iz veiled

•2 : Heb. V. VJ; 1 I'et. iv. 11; and Christians some important truth. In some places, as are required to consult them at all times, Heb. ix. 9, it bears the meaning of type or and especially in mutters of difficulty, and emblem.

• if great importance. PARADISE, a term which by long and ex- OiiDAlN, horizo, to limit, to bound, to mark tensive nse has beenemploved to designate out, hence the word horizon which bounds the Garden of Eden, This "has been caused our view. Occurs 8 times. Pro-onzo, to by the Greek translators of the Pentateuch loreordain, or previously mark out, occurs having adopted it. The 'word paradeitoa is times. Aphorizo, another compound from not properly either Greek or Hebrew, but the same root, occurs 10 times, translated appears to have been imported, from a more separate or separated. We have the word en.stern tongue, pi-obably the Persinn, and orrfam often is the common version, when which signified the same as the Hebrew ^an. it is not horizo in the original; such as to In Gesenius and Robinson's Heb. Lex. it is ordain apostles, elders, and to institute ob- defined thus; "Aparcdise, i. e. an ori-hard, servances. For this word we have pnieo, ail arboretum, particularly of pomegran- to make or appoint ; and we have hafhiste- ates, a park, a fruit garden; a name com- mi, to constitute. Pnico occurs Mark iii. 14, mun to several Oriental languages, and es- ".lesus ordained twelve," i. e. appointed. peciiilly current among ihe Persinns, as L :rrtis?em» occurs Titus i. 4, "Ord; in eld- welsarnfrom Xenophun and Julius Pol- ers," t. e. appoint. Ginnmai is also used to lux. Sancrit,pari/«'('«Aa; Armenian, parrf«; make or ordain an apostle. Acts i. 22. Arabic/tVrfau*; &yi-',AC, farduiso; Chuldee ORDINANCE, an appointed rite or observ- of the Targums. parrfefsa." Josephus calls ance. No religious rite is binding, or even the gardens of Solomon, paradise*, and Re- admissible, which is not of divine institu- ro.'ius, quoted by Josephus says that the tion; nor can any so instituted be varied lolty gardens erected by Nebuchadnezzar, or modified by human caprice or judg'meiit. were called the Suspended Paradise. There OSTENTATION, to be avoided, Prov. ixv. are only three places where the word is 14; xxvii. 2; Matt. vi.l. found in the New Testament, Luke xxiii. " OUTER, external. Outer darkness" means V'l ; 2 Cor. xii. 4; Rev, ii. 7 ; but wliich may the darkness of the night without, in oppo- be illustrated by reference to the primeval sition to the light and splendor ol the feast *erni, Isa. Ii. S; Ezek. xxviii. 13 ; xxxi. 9, within. Hence the phrase is also used to Irt, 18; ixxvi.55; Joel ii.3. express the gtate of exclusion from the PARCHMENT, prepared sheep skin, and kingdom of God. Matt, viii- l-i. formerly much used for writing on, men- OX, laws concerning it, Eiod. ixi. 28—33; tioned 2 Tim. iv. 13. xxui. 4; Deut. xiii. 1; xxv.4; quoted by PARENTS, to be honored. Exod. xx. 12; Paul, 1 Cor. ii. 9. Deut. v. 16; Eph. vi. 2 ; their duty to their OZIAS, Istrength Jrom the Lord.) sou of Jo- children. Gen. xviii. 10; Deut. iv. 9; vi.6, raro. Matt. i. 8. 7; vi. 17; Matt.sxii. 16; 2Cor. xii. 14; Eph. vi.4; Col. iii. 21 ; 1 Tim. v. 8. PADAN-ARAM, \of the field , ^yria,'] ren- PARMENAS, U hat abides,] one of the seven dered by the Seventy, Mesopotamia. See deacons. Acts vi. 5. Mbsototamia. PARTIilANS, Ihorsemen,'] called Persians or PALM-TREE, produces dates, Exod. xv. Elamites in the time of the propliets, and 27; Deut. xxxiv. 8; Judges i. 16; its Parthians about the time of Christ, Acts branches an emblem of joy. Lev. xxiii. 40 ij.9. John xii. 13: Kev. vii. 9. It is said that PARTIALITY, unfair and unjust treatment the bark, leaves, fruit, &c., of the palm-tree of others, to be avoided. Matt. xiii. 16; are employed by the Arabs for SCO uses. Jamesii. 1, 9. Jude 16. PALSY, {Uomparaluo, I unloose, enfeeble,) is PASSOVER, so called because instituted in a disease which deprives the body in whole, remembrance of the destroying angel pass- or part, ol action and teeling. Matt. iv. 24: ing over the houses sprinkled with the viii. 6: ix. 2: Mark ii. 3, 5, 10. blood of the paschal lamb. Exod. xii. 11, PAMPHYLIA, [a nation made vp of every 12, &c. This was kept on the l4th day of tribe,^ a province in the southern part of Nisan or Abib. Sometimes it denotes the Asia Minor, having the Mediterranean on yearly festivity, called the Feast of the Pass- the south, Cilicia on the east, Pisidia on the over, (Deut. xvi. 2; Num. xxviii. 16,17;) north, and Lycia on the west. Mentioned celebrated on the l.'ith of Nisan ; and some- Actsxiii. IS; xiv.24, times the whole solemnity, commencingon PAPHOS, [which boils.'i a city of Cyprus, at the 14th and ending on the 21st of Nisan, the western extremity of the island. Here Luke ixii. 1 ; though, strictly, the Passover Paul performed a miracle on Elymas, who and the feast of unleavened bread, (or «»- opposed hii teaching, and eudeaTored fermented things, more properly,) are dis- to turn the Roman governor from the tinct institutions. Christ called our Pass- faith. Acts xiii. 6—12. over, or Paschal lamb, 1 Cor. v. 7- To be PARABLE. The word parable is derived fulfilled in the kingdom of God, Luke from parabollee, which comes from para- xxii. 16. 6aiZ«in, to compare, to collate. 1. It deno- PATARA, [trod under foot,'] a seaport ol Asia tes an obscure or enigmatical saying, Psa. Minor, in Lycia, 160 miles S. E. of Ephesus. xlix.4. 2. It denotes a fictitious narrative, Acts xxi. 1. invented for the purpose of conveying PATIENCE, recommended, Luke xxi. 19; truth in a less oflfensive or more engaging Rom. xii. 12; IThess. v.l4; Heb.x.36; xii; manner than that of direct assertion, J a aes i. 3, 4 , v. 7 ; 1 Pet. ii. 19, 20; 2 Pet. A Sara. xii. 2, S; Judges ix. 7—13; 2 Kings i.<>. xiv. 9, 10. 3. Any discourse expressed in PATMOS, {mortaU an island in the iEgean figurative, poetical, or highly ornamented Sea, 10 miles S. W. of Samos, to which the diction 13 cftlled a parable. Num. xxiii. 7 apostle John was banished. Rev. i.O. it is TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. S3

jcmr.U, obloTiffnnd rocky if^-'-'d, r.bout 15 the apostleship, he changed it to Cephas, miles In circuinfereiue, and u. ..., under the John i.43, 43. He was crucified about A. Roman empire, as u p.:icc of hunishment. D. 70, with his liead downwards. FA rUIAKCH. a venerable man, with a larpe Epistles of. These were addrcssea liosterity. Tlieword is cliielly applied to to converted Jews in the province nepr lived tliose who before the time ot Moses, the southern shore of the I'.lack Sea, 1 Pet. Actsvii.8-, and henee we speak of the pa- i. 1. The first was written four or five triarchialage. Heh. vii.4. years before the other. The second wa» I'ATUOBAS, [paternal,] mentioned Rom. esi!ecially intended to guard tijuinst false xvi. 14, 15. teachers, and scollers. There have been Paul, iutcorker,] was a native of Tarsus, a more doubts expressed as to the genuine- city of Cilicia, Acts xxii.S.anil was of Jew- ness of the second epistle than of any other ish descent, of the tribe of iSenjaiuin, I'hil. book of the New Testament. It was not iii. 5, and probably inherited the riplit of enerally received or acknowledged as be- Roman citizetiship from his father, through Koiiging to the sacred canon till the fourth services rendered to the Roman Btate. He century. was first a persecutor, then a disciple of PHAltlSEES, [separafiattA a famous sect of Christ, and coinmissioned by the Lord Je- the Jews, who di.slingiiishcd themselves by sus as an apostle to theUentiles. Acts ixvi. their zeal for the tradition of the elders, 15—18. After a lif« of arduous labor and which they pretended was delivered to Mo- suHerine for the name of Jesus, Paul was ses from Mount Sinai, and therefore of bel'.eaded by Nero, .'.t or near Rome, about equal authority with the law. From their A. 1). oO. Fourteen of the booksof the New rigorous observance of thess traditions, Testament are attributed to his pen, and they U)oked upon themselves as more holy tliey certainly evince his sound judgment than other men; and, therefore, separated and scholastic attainments. themselves from those whom they thought I'KACK, to be cultivated, Fsa. xxxiv. 14; sinners or profane, so as not to eat or drink Matt. V. 9; Mark ix. 80; Rom. xii. 18, &c.; with them. Hence arose their name. by what means, Col. iii. 13; 1 Thess. iv. 11; PIIEIJE, Ishininp,] a servant of the congre- the eift of Jesus to his disciples, John xiv. gation at Cenchrea. Rom. xvi. I, 2. •27; Phil.iv.7: James iii. 17, 18. PHKNlCb), [red, purple,] a seaport town on FKARL, a hard, white, shining substance, the S. W. part of Crete, with a harbor. Acts found in some shell-fishes. They are re- xxvii. 12. pe.\t€dly mentioned in the New '1 estauient, PHENICTA, Hand of palm trees,] a country and appear to have been esteemed of great in the north of Palestine, on the Mediter- value. Matt. xiii. 45, 40; 1 Tim. ii. 9; Rev. ranean, containing the cities of Tyre and xvii.4; xviii. li— !0; xxi. 12. Sidoii. PKNTECOST, the name (sisnifyine fiftieth) PHILADELPHIA, [lore of a brother,] a civy given in the New 'I'estament to tlie Feast of Asia Minor, and or>e of the seven con- of WeekSjOrlniratheriiig, which was cele- taining the Christian congregations to brated on the ffUfth day from the Passover, which the Apocalyptic admonitions were or seven weeks from the 10th of Nisan. addressed. Situated in Lydia, on the ller- Lev. X xiii. 9—21; Deut.xvi.G; Actsii.l; nuis, 05 miles east of Smyrna; and is now XX. 16. called Allah Shehr, "city of God," i. e. PEKFKCT, complete, without blemish or High-town. It was once a large city, but defect. Perfeeiii m applied to God, Matt. v. now contains only about 8000 houses. 4S; to his law, Psa. xix. 7; to be aimed at PHILEMON, ithat kisses.] a friend of the by Christians, Luke vi.3C; 2 Cor. xiii. 9, 11; ai>ostle Paul's and an eminent Christian, Kph. V. 1—8; Col.iv. 12; 1 Thess. iii. 10, residing at Colosse, whose servant, named &C.; will be perfect in the future stnte, Eph. Onesimus, absconded and fled to Rome. iv.18; Col. i.J8; Ueb.xii.23; Christprayed There he was converted and sent back to for this, John xvii. his master with a letter from Paul, called P1:KGA, [tery earthlyA a town of Asia Mi- The Kpistle to Philemon, written about A. nor, capital of Pamphylia, 60 miles S. VV. D. 6>, and was sent, together with Epistles of Iconium, Acts xiii. 14; xiv.25. to the Ephesians and Colossians, bv Tychi- PEUGAMOS, [heigh'li.] now Rergamo, acity chus and Onesimus. I'aley, in his llorre of Asia Minor, in Mysia, on the Caicus, 50 Paulinie, has broHght manv unanswerable miles north of Smyrna. It was once a large proofs of the authenticity of the Scripture city, the capital ot a kingdom, and had a from the undesigned coincidences between library of 2(KI.(ioO volumes; also a famed this Epistle, that to the Colossians, and the tempft to Esculapius. In Pergamos was Acts of Apostles. This Epistle has been one of the *' seven congregations of Asia," universally admired as a model of gracefol, to which the Apocalypse is addressed. delicate, and manlv writing. PERSECUTION, how to behave under it. PHILETUS, [amiable,] an apostate Chris- Matt. V. 44; X. 82; Rom. xii. 14; 1 Pet. iv. tian, mentioned by Paul, in connection 19; the blessings connected with it, Matt. with Hymeneus 2 Tim. ii. 17. T. 10; xvi.25: Markviii.SS; Luke ix. 24; PHILIP, \.ioarlike,\ one of the twelve apos- iv. i. 2; Rev. vi.U; vii.is. tles 1 Pet. 14; James ; a i^ative of Hethsaida in Galilee, John PESEVERANCE in duty, enjoined, Matt, 1. 4i, 44; Luke vi. 14. xxiv. 13; Luke ix. 62; Acts xiii. 4:J; 1 Cor. one of the seven first deacons, Acts result, XV.5S, &c.: the glorious John*. 26, vi. 5; also called an Evangelist, Actsxii. 3. ii. 27 ; Rom. li. 7; Rev. 10, 20, &c. son of Herod the Great, by Cleopa- PERSIS, [_that cuts,] mentioned Rom. xvi. tr.a, and tetrarch of Batanea, Trachonitis, 12. and Auranitis, Luke iii. 1, and from him PESTILENCE, a name given in Scripture to Cesarea Philippi received its name. Matt. any prevailing contagious disease. xvi. 13. PF.TER, [aroek, or stone] was one of the another son of Herod, by his wlfs twelve apostles, a UKtive of Bcthsaida, in Mariamne, and called by Josephus, Herod, Galilee, and was a sou of Jmias, and the rirst hushaiiil of Herodias, Matt. xiv. 3, brother of .\nilri'W. His first name was PHILTPPI, a Pity of Macctlonia, 70 niik-s E. Sia'oii, but when the Savior called him to N. £. of TLevsalouica. It was ouce a large 84 ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

city, but now a mean Tillage. Many ruins emblem of destruction. Jer. xii. 1,11; Rer. 8ti:l exist, which are witnesses to its for- ii. V7. mer greatness. POTTER'S-FIELD. See Acsldama. PHILIPPIANS, Epistle to the. Written by PR.\IS1'., to ci^nimend. Topiaise God is to Paul from Kome during his two years' im- duly acknowletlge his great excellences. prisonment, and beais in every part the Psa. ciixviii; Kev. xix.6. It is one of tlie impress of his pecu.iar style, manner of noblest acts of worship, and is the dictate thought, and form of docti lue. The church of nature. Acts xvi. 25; ICor. xiv. 15; Eph. had been planted by Paul, and of all tlie T. 19; Col. iii. 18, &c. Prai>f o/m*n, no pro- churches, they seem to have loved him the per principle of action, Matt. vi. 1 ; Gal. y. most, and to have been the most generous 26; Phil.il. 3. his support. He wrote to thank them for PRAYER, the obligation and nse of it. Matt. their bounty, and to teach them. This is V.44; vi.6; vii. 7; Lukexviii. 1; Phil.iv.6; the only Epistle of Paul which expresses Col.iv. 2; 1 Tim.ii. l,&c; to be offered in no censure. faith, Matt. xxi. 2.'; Heb. xi. 6; withoutos- PHILOLOGUS, [a lover of leerning,] men- tentation and vain repetitions, Luke xviii. tioned Pom. xvi. 15. 1—14; Matt.vi.7; in the name of Jesus, PHLEGON, izealous,\ mentioned Rom. xvi. Johnxiv.lS; iv. 18; xvi. 23; Eph.v.'jo, )4. &c.; instances of priraf* prayer, Dan. vi. PHRYGIA, [dry, barrenj a country in the 10; Matt. xiv. 25; Acts ix. 11; x.9; $onal. centre of Asia Minor, Acts xvi. 6; xviii. 2'i. Acts i. 14; ii.42; xii. 12; xvi. 13, 16; lii. 5; PHYGELLL'S, {fugitive,] a Christian who forms of prayer. Num. vi. 22—i/; x. So, 5ft; forsook Paul in his necessity, and men- Deut. xxi. 8; xivi.; Matt. Ti. 9— 13. tioned in connection with Hermogoues, PRKACH, or Proclaim, is loudly to make 2Tim.i. 15. known the will of God, as his appointed PHYLACi'LRlES, [gafeguardt.-j strips or heralds, Eph. iii. 8. Kerusso, from keruxa, rolls of parchment, inscribed with passages a liera d, or public crier, is found 62 times, of the law; fastened on the forehead, wrist and always indicates to make proclama- or hem ofthe garment, from a mistaken in tion as a herald. terpretalion of Eiod.xiii.O, 16; Num. iv. PRETORIUM. This word denotes the gen- 37—40. See also Mutt. x\u\. 5. Our Lord eral's tent in the field, and also the house ur condemns not the wearing of them, but the palace of the governor of a province, pride and hypocrisy of the Pharisees in whether a pretor or not. It is applied to making them broad and visible, to obtain Herod's palace at Jerusalem, Matt. xxviL respect and reputation for wisdom and 17; Jlark iv. 16; John xviii. 28, 88; xix. 9; also to the one he built at Cesarea, Acts PILaYE, [tchott armed with a dart.] Pon- xxiii. 85. In Phil. i. 13, the word denotes tius Pilate was the sixth Koman Procura- the camp or quarters of the Pretorian co- tor of Judea, under whom our Lord taught, hort at Kome. i xiii. suffered, and died, Acts iii. 13 : v. 27 ; PRIEST, a man who officiate" or transacted 28- lTim.vi.13. Hoth Tacitus and Jjse- with God on behalf others, s tedly, or for phus corroborate the New TesUment ac- the occasion. Those untlor the law were of counts concerning him. the family of Aaron, Eiod. rxviii. 1 ; under PILLAR, a column, a supporter, a monu- the Christian economy, all disciples are a ment. "The pillars of the earth," and holy and royal priesthood, 1 Pet. ii. 5, 9; "pillars of heaven," are metaphorical ex- Kev.i.6; v.lO: ix.6. pressions, bv which the wor.d is compared HIGH, first Aaron, afterwards the to a vast edifice, reared by the power and eldest son of the eldest branch of his fam- skill of Jehovah. Job ix. 6; xivi. 11. ily, Exod. xxviii; Jesus Christ, the Melchi- xxxviii. 4, 6; Psa. Ixxv. S. James was a sedek High-priest, Psa. c\.4: Heb. iv. 11; pillar in the church; that is, a great sup- V. 4, 5: VI. 20: vii—x. 22, &c. and ornament; and the church itself PRINCE, a chief, a governor. Christ is the port " 18 the "pillar and ground of the truth;" Prince of peace," Isa.ix. 6: Eph.ii. 15: " that is, it maintains truth in the world. John xiv. 27: Prince of life." Acts iii. 15: " Prince ofthe kings ofthe earth. Rev. i. 5. 1 Tim. iii. 15. ,..,,. PISIDIA,

IncentiTCS to puritr, J Cor. Tii. 1: are the time of Paul's ship** ^-it oii that is- f'T the present aud fature life, 1 Tim. iv.8. land. Acts xxviii 7, 8. PUOPHKT. This word and the word propA- PUDENS, [thamejacedl] 2 Tim. iv. 21. is try have two nieaning'g : the one the fore- PURPLE, a color much woiii bv kings and tell int? of events yet future, tlie other is Uie emperors, Mark xv. 17. It is "the mmoua utterinjif the nieaiiinf? of ancient oracles, or Tyriandye, so costly, and so celebrated in speuk'nf?, from tlie impulse of the Spirit, to antiquity. It was procured from the slifll- the edification and comfort of CbriBtians. fish named murez or purpura. The traffic lOor. liv: Kom. xii.O. in it, probably, was profitable. Acts xvi. 14. PUOHITI ATION, that which atones for and To this day, the best scarlet dj-e, (a term covers our guilt, as the mercy-seat covered often interchanged for purple,) in all Asia, the tables of the law, Kom. iii. 25 ; 1 John is produced at Thyatira. ii. S; iv.lO. PURITY ofheart and action required, Rom. PUOSELYTE, a stranfyer, or one from abroad, vi. 19; Gal. V. 16; Eph. i. 4; v. 8,4; Phil.iL converted to tlie Jewish religion. Acts ii. 15; Col. iii. 6; I Pel. ii.Il; 2 Pet. iii. 14. 10; vi. 5; xiii. 45. PUTEOLI, [abounding in welU,] now Pozzu- l'ROSEL"CH.\, a word signifyinf? prayer, and oii, a maritime t(jwn of Campania, in Italy, always so translated in the authorized ver- on the north shore of the nay of Naples, sion. It is, Jiowever, app.ied to a place of and about 8 miles N. W. from the city of prayer,—a piace where asBembliesfor pray- that name. Acts xxviii. S. er were held, whether a building or not. In this sense it seems Luke vi. 1^ must be QUARRELS to be avoided, Rom. xiii. IS; understood, also Acta xvi. 14. Col. iii. \,\\ James iii. 16; iv. 1—7. PliOVIUENCE, a care for the future. The QLARTEHNlUN. a detachment of four Greek word pronoia, means forethought, soldiers, Actsxii. 4, which was the usual and corresponds with the l.atin procuientta, numlier of a Roman night w;:tch. Peter, which originally meant foresij^ht. God's therefore, was guarded by lour soldiers. care or providence, considpred in reference two within the prison and'two outside the to all things existing, is termed by Kuapp doors; and as the watch was usually «i«jtxT«a/: jn reference to moral beings, spe- changed every three ln'U-.s, it was neces- etal; and in refereuce to h'lly or converted sa'-y that the four ciuaviemions mentioned beings, nar^icu/ar. Everything's an object in the text should be appointed for the pur- of Providence in proportion to its capacity. P''se. Tiie disciples, being of more value than QL'AKTUS, [the fourth,] a disciple, men- many sparrows, were assured of greater tiiiiitd Rom. xvi. 23. providential care. Matt. vi. id; x.2y— 31. QUEK>f often lueaiis in Scripture a king's PKl'DKNCE recommeuued, Prov. lii. 16, 23; mother. A reference tothisfact will remove xlii. 10; xiv.8; Matt. x. 16: James iii. IS. several apparent discrepancies in the Old PSALM.S, Hook of, one of the most extensive Testament. The word has still the same and useful in Scripture, ia often quoted in meaning among Orientals. It also denotes the New Testament. That David composed a woman who is m-irried to a king, or gov- most of the Psalms is beyond cioubt. erns a kingdom, Neh. ii. 10; 1 Kings X. 1; " I'salms and hymns and spiritual songs," Acts viii. 27. Also, the church as espoused Eph. V. Itt. Pialmt, denote such sacred to Jesus. Psa. xlv.9. fiongs or poem* as are suugtoiustruments, QUICKSAND. In Acts xxvii. 17, it is men- and may here refer to those of l)avid; tioned that when the ship in which Paul hymn* signify songs in honor of God; and was driven past the isle of Clauda on the I'oiiyg means any regular poetic composi- south, the mariners, as would how be said, tion adapted to singing, and here restricted struck the sails, and scudded under bare to those which are spiritual. This admoni- poles, lest they should fall into the quick- tion is in opposition to the practice of the sands. The orig,nal word tyrtit denotes a heathen, who, in their Bacchanalia, or sand bank or shoal, danc-erous to naviga- feasts, dedicated to Bacchus, the god of tion, drawn, or supposed to be drawn to- wine, became intoxicated, as the previous gether by the curreuts of the sea. Terse intimates, and sung drunken soiigs in praise of their deity, RARBI, a name of dignity among the Jews, PT0LE.MA18, \_uiarlke,] now Acre, a seaport signifying doctor or master. Applied to Je- of Pa.estine, 24 miles south of Tyre It is sus, John i. 88, 49; iii. 2, 26; vi.i.x Jesus famous for its seige by the Crusaders. It is warns his disciples against suffering it to now the principal port of I'alestine, and be given to them, Matt xxiii. 7— 13. contains about 10,000 inhabitants. RABBONI, siijnifying my great master, ig PUliLICAN, a person who farmed the taxes the highest honor or title of respect applied and public revenues. The name and pro- bv the Jews to the teachers of the law, fession of a publican were extremely odious >lark x. ."il ; John xx. 16. amongthe Jews, who submitted with much RACA, a word which occurs in Matt. v. JJ, reluctance to the taxes levied by the Ro- and which is left untranslated in the au- mans. The publicans were also noted for thorized version. It is expressive of con- their imposition, rapine, and extortion, to tempt, and signifies an empty, worthless which they were, perhaps mope especially fellow. prompted by having a sliare in the farm of RACE, a rapid course, generally implying the tribute, as they were thus tempted to contest. The numerous allusions to Gse oppress the people with illegal exactions, cian footraces, contained in Paul's epistles, that they might the more speedily enrich require some knowledge of the laws of Zaccheus themiselves. and Matthew were those games. See 1 Cor. ii. 24; 2 Tim. ii. 5; there is no reason to publicans, but sup- Heb. xii. 1 ; GaL v. 7, &c. Those persons t>ose that either of them had been guilty ot who intended to contend in the games were viiiust practices, or that there was any ex- obliged to repair to the gymnasium ten »..;ption to their characters beyond that of months before the solemnity, where they -eing engaged in an odious employment. prepared themselves by continual exercise; H.tt. xvii.l7. xxi.Sl; Luke v. 2"; xix.2. and no man who had omitted to present PDJ'LiUS, ieommon,\ governor of Melita, at himself in this manner was allowed to cuu- b6 ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

tend for aii.' of the prizes. Hence tlie apos- 18, 10. The noun, aphefsU, remis/Plon oc tle says, " Now eveiy one who contends, or curs 17 times, and the verb, (ipAieem!. (TCI s strides for the mastery, is temperate in ali 14(3 times; rendered to forgive, remit, iev free from, dismiss, in all versions. KACifiiL. latkeep,] daughter of Laban, sis- REMPHAN, [prepared,! the name of an idol, ter of Leah, and wife of Jacob, Gen. xiix.G. which some thi; .k to be Saturn, Amos v. Jeremiah and Matthew have put Rachel 26: Acts vii. *?. for the tribes of Ephrnim and Mauas- RiOPENT, metamelomai, I repent, or am con- xxxi. 15, cerned for tlie past, occurs Matt. vO, ;i seh, the children of Joseph, Jer. xxi. ; li. 18. xxvii.S; 2Cor. vii. 8; Heb. vii. 21. Always Matt. , T • v v RAHAB, {.proud,} a woman of Jericho; ner trnnslated repent. history, Josh, ii; vi. s!:i— 25; an Ciample, RLFllUCF, how to be given. Lev. xix. 17; Jainesii.So. Prov.ix. 8; xxiT.25; Lukexvii.5; IThess Heb. xi. SI; „ , ... RAILING forbidden, 1 Cor. v. 11; 1 Pet.iii. V. 14; 3Thesf.iii.l5: 1 Tim. v. 1,20; 2 Tinx U; jPet.ii. H; JudeO. iv. 2; how to be received, Prov. x. 17; xii.l; HAIN was plentiful in Israel twice a year. xiii.18; xv.6, 0,31,82; xix. 20; xxviii.2S: xxix. Eccl. vii.o. ' '"L'he early and the latter rain" oecuned, 1; the former in September, the latter in REST, quietness- promised to Christians, March. After these, the weather becomes Matt. XI. 28, 29; Heb.iii. 11,18; iv. 1—11. settled, and about May the grain is gath- RESTITUTION, means the restoring of any ered. laE^yptitscarce'.y ever rains; the hingto ts former state. Acts iii. 21. The overflow ot tlie N ile, and copious dews, original wor'' signifies, to dispose, order, or answering the purpose. In tropical cli- settle anything in a good "tate, whic' has mates the winteristhcramy season. Violent previousl. ' een bad. These times will be winds often attend these rains, and over- the accomplishment of all promises and throw insecure houses. Hence our Savxoi-'s prophecies respect iig the conversion oi vii. 25. the Jews and Gcnti.es. Also the return- parable. Matt. _, . . . RAMAH, lelevated,] a city o. Benjamin, six inf»ofa thing unjustly gotten r making miles north of Jerusalem, Josh, iviii. 25. amends or an injury. This very parti- Near this was Rachel's tomb; she is poeti- cularly enjoined in the law Moses, Exod. cally introduced as rising from the grave, xxi.; Lev. xxiv.; E<;ut. xix. It was done at and looking in vain for her offspring. "Ra- the reformation under Neheniiah. Nch. v. chel weeping forherchildr'^n," Jer. xixi. 15. 10, 11; and by Zaccheus, who following the RASHNESS censured, Psa. xxxi. 22; civi. Roman law, agreed to restore fourfold, xix. 30. ijuke xix. 8. 1 1 • Prov. xiv. 29 ; Acts RVVEN, a bird of prey, ceremonially un- RESURRECTION of Christ, foretold, Psa. clean. Elijah fed by ravens, 1 Kings xvii. xvi 10, 11; Malt.xii.40; xvi.21; xvii. 23; 4—5: and are cared for by God, Job xxxviu. Mark ix. 81; xiv.'iS; John ii. 19; recorded gelists. 41- Psa cxlvii. t»; if he cares for ravens, by the Eva Matt, xxviii.; Mark how confidently may his people trust him ! xvi.: Luke xxiv.: John xx.; preaohed by Lukexii.'i4. the apostles. Acts ii. 24—36; iii. 15; iv. ^ xiii. EL-CONCILIATION, a restoring to favor, or 10; v.SO.Sl; xi.40—42; SO—37 : xvil. reunion between those who had been at va- 18, 31 : XIV. 19 : xx vi. 8, 53: 1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. riance, Rom. v. 10; 2Cor. V.18; Eph.ii.l6; the resurrection of Christ the fouudatioh of the believer's hope, 1 Cor. xv. I-.'— 18: Col. i. 20. ., u , V * 1.^ REDEEM, to buy back what was sold, 1 Thess. iv. 14— 17; IPet. i.3: promised to pledged, or forfeited. them by Jesus, John t. 29: vi. 39, 40, ."ii; REDEEMER, one who ransoms by paymg ii.25: xiv. 19, &c. the price. Christ our redeemer, 1 Pet. i. lU. REFALIATICN, law of, Exod. xxi. 24, 25: means deliverance, from lu- Lev. xxiv. 20: Deut. xix. 21; abrogated RE UEMPTION, 7'" ii. M.att. 38: xii. trosis, which occurs in Luke i. CS; SS; v. Rom. 17: I Cor. vi. deliv- V. iii. Acts vii. 55; Heb. ix. 12. Apolutrosis, I Thens. 15; 1 Pet. 9. erance from, occurs 10 times, and signifies REVELATION, Book of. Critics generally the dismissing of a person after aranson agree that th"" apostle John was the writer has been paid. of thi book, andthatif was writtenaboiit REFORM, mefanoeoo, occurs R4 times, and A. D. 9**. It is a proplie-y expressed in the metaiioia, reformaiion, 24 times. Meta- most striking and impressive symbols, of jfoeoos.gnifics to/Ai«A after, or to change the fortunes of the Christian Church, com- one's mind so as to influence the conduct. mencing soon after the fall f Jerusalem Jbounaimetanoian, jlctsv.al, to givj refor- to the consummation of all thing.s—run- mation, is equal to making a proclamation ning through a period of nearly 30uO vears; olfering inducements to it. A quotation and embracing the downtall of Pagan from Josephus willillustratethis—"Dounai Rome : the rise, progress, and overthrow o^ metanoian epi toispeprugmennis," to pi.blish theapostacy: the second appealing of Je- king a pardon to those who lay down their arms. sus Christ as the of kings, punishing REGENERATION, denotes a new birth, a the destroyers of the earth, aud subjugatiig renovation, or complete change for the bet- all the kingdoms of this world to himself ^ gives his ter The original word, palingenecia, oc- and a glance at mi lennial reirn curs twice—Matt. xix. 28, the renovation, with his glorified saints, and the final and or change of state or condition; and litus complete overthrow of all the powers ol of regeneration, evil, and the establishment of universal iii. 5, the washing, or bath connected with the renewing of the mind peace and righteousness for the ages of tho by the Holy Spirit. "Born again' is a fig ages. The Apocalypse is a very difficult TO TUE NEW TESTAMENT. St

», Christ our example, I Pet. ii. 18: iii.O: residence of the Pope, and the seat of eccle- i ?et.u. II; JiUit'U. siastical power. It contains St. J'eter's R1I;;|j1UM, [capture,] now called Reggio, a church, the most magnificent edifice in the seaport oppoHite to Messtua in Sicily, Acts world, and has many monunients of its an- xxviii. 13. cient grandeur. Though greatly reduced, it RHES.\, [will,] an ancestor ofJesus, Luke nevertheless contains about 150,000 inhabi- iii. 'i7. ta;its. RHODA, fa rote,} a serrant of Mary, the RU BY. See Pbbcious Stowss. the mother of John Murk, Acts xii. 13. RL'fUS, [red,] the son of Simon the Cyre- RHOl)i:S, [arote,] an island near the S. W. nian, who assisted Christ in carrying his corner of Asia Minor, l:i5 miles in circum- cross, Mark it. 21. Another person so ference, celebrated in ancient history for named, mentioned Rom. xvi. 13. commer«e, and for a colossal brazen statue SABA(JT1I, [armies,] Roin.ix.2U; James v. 4. of Apollo, which was reckdued one of tin- SABBATH, [rest.] so called, because on the seven wonders of the world. It was 130 seventh day God rested from his works. feet liigh. and ships in full sail passed be- Gen. ii.2, 3. There is no positive evidence tween its \egs. It w.^s thrcwn down by that the Sabbath day was observed before an earthquake after standing' 60 yeurs. Acts the Law, no command or example of its ob- xxi. 1. servance being recorded. It was positively RICHES, their uncertainty, IMatt. vi 10; enjoined on the nation of Israel, as one of Luke xii. 10—21; James v. 1—3; dangerous, the ten commandments, "written and en- Miitt. xiii. J'^; James i.O. 7; v.l—t; abless- graven on stones," and to which they were ing if well used, L.ii:e xvi.O; 1 Tim. vi.17— required to vield exact obedience. Jesus IB; true riches. Mutt. vi. lu, iO; Luke xii. claimed to be " Lord of the Sabbath," and 33; Rev. ii.9; iii.l8. showed the Pharisees that it was "lawlul KIGUTEOL'SNESS, Christ is to his people, to do good on the Sabbath. The Savior Jer. xxiii.6; Mai. iv.-j; 1 Cor. i. »0, &•.; having "blotted out the hand-writing o( the righteous to inherit eternal life, I)an. ordinances, and taken it o\.t of the way, by xii. a; Matt. xxT.4t: Luke xviii. 30; John nailing it to his cross," rested the whole of iii. 15; iv. 14: Rom. ii.7; 1 Tim. vi. lU; the Sabbath in the giaTe, and aro.se on the Titus i. 2; 1 John ii. •..'): Jude21. first of the week, as Lord of the new crea- RIGHT HAND is, in Seiiptuie, a symbol of tion. There is no mention of the Sabbath power. Exod. xv. 0; I'sa. xxi. 8. In the being enjoined on Christians, and especial- court, the place for the pleader was on the ly on Gentile believers. See Acts xv. 10—2U right hand, and the SaiiluJriin placed : D.\Y'S JOURNEY. Acts i. 12. those to be justified on the right hand, and Jewish tradition allowed a man to travel those to be condeinned on the left hand. It on tlic Sabbath only one mile. was also reckoned a position of the highest 3ABBATICAL YEAR, the seventh year, in honor to be placed at the right hand. i'sa. which the land was to have rest, Exod. ex. I. xxiii: Lev. XXV. It was also called a "year RISE "up in the judgment," Matt. xii. 45. of release," and in it all debtors were liber- Thejudgedid not puss sentence in asittii'g ated, and ail law-suits ceased. Deut. XV. 1. posture, but rose up for that purpose; a.so SACRIFICE, an actot religious worship, in the witnesses rose upfiom iheirseats.wbeu in which the worshipper slied the blood of they gave evidence against criminals. animals, as anaoknowledgment of his guilt Rl VKR of life. Rev. xxii. 1. and exposure tc death, and as a typical ROCK, "upon this rock will I build my atonement for nin. Gen. xxxi. 54; Heb. i. 18. Greek word church," Matt. xvi. The l,.*ie : xi.4, &c. Tlie Jewish people could for Peter is Petros, and means a sione, and not offer their own sacrifices; they were the original word for rock, is pelra. The to bring them to the priest, and he was to meaning of this passage therefore is, offer them. So cannot we now offer up our " Thoo art Petrot, a stone, and on this pe- prayers and praises to God but by Jesus tra, rock, will I build my church." Mark Christ, and so the apostle here applies the " the construction of the language. Thou" case. "By him, let us offer the sacrifice of in in the second person, and " this" is in the praise," Heb.xiii. 15. " third; "petros" is masculine, and petra" SADDUCEES, [just, justified,] a famous sect Is feminine. Jesus asked for a confession; among the Jews, so called, it is said, fioni Peter gave it in these words,— '''ihou art their founder, Sadoo, who nourished about tht Christ, the son of the living God." and 260 years IJ. C, and taught there was no this was the fftra on which he declared resurrection nor future state, neitherangel that he would build his church, andagaiiist nor spirit. Matt. xxii. 23; Acts xxiii. 8. which the gates ot hades sliould uot prevail. SAL.\H, [mission,] a son or grandson of Ar- 1 tlor.iii. 11. phaxad, Gen. X.24; xi.IS; Luke iii. 35. ROD, a symbol of power and rule, Psa. ii.9. SALA.MIS, Shaken,] one of the chief cities RCVlANiS, Epistle to. Paul had never been of Cyprus, on the S. E. coast of the island. to Rome when he penned this letter. It Acts xiii.6. was called forth by his having heard of SA LATHI EL, fj have asked of God,\ or their condition, and especially of the diffi- SiiKALTiAX, the father of Zerubbabel,

culties existing between the Jewish and 1 Chron. iii. 17 ; Matt. i. 12. the Gentilemembers. 4e controverts many SALEM, [peace,] the original name of Jeru- of the errors of both Jews and Pagans, as salem. Gen. xiv. IS; Heb. vii. 1, 2, and was to ancestral merit, justification, the effi- us.(l poetically in later times, Psa. Ixxvi.-.'. cacy of sacrifices, election, submission to SALI.M, [a/oar, 1 the well-watered place where foreign rulers, &c. Paul was neany sixty John l;aptized. John iii.-jj. years old when he wrote this letter, "during SAL310N, [peaceahle,] the son of Nahshoii, a residence of same months at Corinth. who married Kahab, 1 Chron. ii. 11; and [strength,] city of Italy, on the Ti- ROME, a the father of Boaz, Ruth i v . SI : Milt. L . ber, 12 m.les from the sea. It was built on &; Luke iiLa2. seven hills, was the capital o( the Roman SALMONE, V7)rocrMhlf,l a prum^. ijry m'ii»- einyire, the mistress of the world, -nd the ing the eastern eiier:nity of ,..v isTant, ol •cat

~~?? ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX~~

S.VLOME, {:peaceable,] the wife of Zebedee, to the feet with strings. Matt iii. 11 They and mother of James and John, Matt. are still worn in several eastern couiiti its, xxvii.50: Mark xv. 80; xvi. 1. Also, the by both sexes, and all classes. name of that d.iuijhter of llerodias, who SANHEDRIM, more properly Sanhkbrin, caused the death of John theJ'.aiJtist. the supreme judicial council of the Jews, SALT, was used with every hurnt offering, especially for religious affairs. It is said to LeT.ii. IS; Mark ix. 49; disciples compared have consisted of 70 or 73 judges. Matt ; Lukexi\'.8*. Inillustra- xxvii. 1 : xi. 47. to it, Matt. V. 13 John tion of 3Iatt. t. IS, MaundreU, in his travels SAPPHIRA, [that relatet or telU.'] Se« Aha- near Aleppo, says, "I found veins of salt, of NIAS. which the part exposed to the air. sun and SAPPHIRE. See PRKcions Stokks. rain had lost its savor, while that below SARAH, \ a p'nncess,'\ the wife of Abraham, the surface preserved its saltness." Schoet- and mother of Isaac. Gen. xi. 29, SO; hon- in his "Horse orably Heb. xi. 1 ; 1 itl. 6. jjenius hag largely proved mentioned, 1 Pet. Hebraicae," that such as had become insipid SARDINE, or Sakbius. See FsBCiova was used to repair roads. _ Sro.NBS. 6\LUTE, to address with civility. Ihe SAUDIS, [prince ofjoy,\ a city of Afia Minor, 'Easterns salute according to rank. The formerly the capital of that wealthy mon- common salutation is laying the right arch Croesus, kingoftheLydians. One of the hand on the bosom and a little declining seven churches of Asia existed here, to the body. In saluting a person of rank which the Lord Jesus sent a letter. Rev. they bow almost to the ground and kiss iii. 1. the hem of his garment. Inferiors kiss the SARDONYX. See Precious Stouks. feet the knees, or garments of superiors. SAIthl'TA, [a goldsmith's shop,] a city of Si- Equals kiss the beard, the cheek, or the don, between that place aiid Tj-re. Men- neck. "Salute no man by the way," was tioned 1 Kings xvii. 9, 19; Obad. SO; Luke an order when great despatch was required. iv. -26. SALVATION, deliverance from eviL 1. Sal- SATAN, is a transferred Hebrew word, and vation from physical dangers, Acts xivii. ia derived from the verb which means to IS- Heb. xi. 7; lTim.ii.15; Actsvii. i.5; lie in wait, to oppose, to be an adversary. xxVii. 30. In this sense God is the savior Hence the noun means an adversary or op- or preserver of all men. 2. Salvation from puser. Ho Satanos and ho diabolos are used the guilt, pollution, and dominion of sin. and applied in several instances to the ICor.i. IS: 2 Cor. being. xii. 9. Christ, Acts ii. 47; Mark xvi. 16; same Rev. in the iv., ii 15- 1 Pet. iii.21; Jaiiiesi. 21; Eph. ii. 5, temptation. Matt, in his repulse of the at calls 8 &c. 8. Salvation entire and complete tempter, him Satan; while the evan- the resurrection and glorification of the gelists distinguish him by the term "dev- • saints, iCor. vi.5; Bom. v._9; xiii. 11; il." Diabolus is the uniform translation PhiLii. 12; Heb v.9; 2 Tim. n. 10. which the Septuagint gives of the Hebrew SAMAUIA, iwatch-heigif,'] a city, situated word for Saian, .,-hen used with the article. near the middle of Palestine, builtby Omri, In some massages the term Satan is used in xi. king of Israel, on a mountain or hill of the a tencric -^ense, as 1 Kings 14, 23 : I Sam. same name, B. C. 925. It was the metropo- xxix. 4; Nam. xxii. 22; Psa. cix. 6. In sense, lis of the ten tribes. Also the middle divi- many other n a specific as a proper sion of Palestine. name; asZech. iii. 1,2; 1 Chron. ixi. 1; . e a '5—12 SAMARITANS, inhabitants of Samaria. Job i. ; ii. 1—7 Matt. iv. 10 ; Mark i. Johniv. «. They were the ofTsprinff of a IS; Luk^'xi. 18, &c. His character is de- colony of Br.byloniaus, mixed with apos- noted by his titles.— Satan, Adversary, Dia tate Jews, who built a tempiC on mount bolos, FalseAccusei-,Tcmpter,&c., showing- Gerizim, and were hated by the Jews. him to be purely and entirely evil, 1 John iii. is 5S; Johnvin.>8. , 8; John iM. 44. His agency evil Lukeix.r-' . ^. . 8AM0S, {fullo/grarel,] anislaniin the Ar- both moral ind (Shysieal. See Luke xxii. 8; chipelago, on the coast of Asia Minor, Acts Acts V. 8 1 Tneasii. 18; Eph. ii. 2; Kev. xiL9i Lti^iiii.16: Acts x 38; 1 Tim. i. SAMOTHRACIA, an island in the Mgean 20. All the forms of personal agency are Acts xvi. 11. made use of by the sacred writers in sett- Sea, i ,iv SAMSON, ihisson,] ajudge of Israel, of the ing forth the character and conduct of Sa- tribeof Dan, Judges xiii.S— 25; Heb.xi.SJ. tan. He is described as having power and SAMUEL, Icsked ofOodA the son of Elkanah dominion, messengers and followers; as and Hannah, of the trite of Levi, and fami- tempting and resisting; he is held ac- ly of Kohath. He was the l:\st of the Judges countable, charged with guilt; is to be of Israel, and rn eminent prophet and his- judged, and to receive inal punishment. [demanded, ^ tribe toriai^. He wore an ephod, anointed kings, fJAUL, son of Kish, of the and offered sacrifices, but he was not of the' IJeiijamin, was the first king of the Israel- race of Aaron. To Samuel are ascribed the ites, ISam.i::. 1,2, &c. Paul, the apostle, took of Judges, that of Ruth, and the first called Saul prior to his conversion. ofSamueL He died in the V»th year of his SAVIOR, a term applied to Christ, who came "to save his people from their sins." He is GaNCTIFY, to separate anything to God. therefore called Jesus, which signifies a Sa- llagtazo occurs 28 timQP, translated to sanc- vior. tify, to make holy; hagiasmos, sanctifica- SCEPTRE, a staff, rod, or wand, signifying tion, holiness occurs 10 times. The mean- authority or royalty. Psa. xlv.6; Rev. xix. ing of Aai/tozo will be fovnd in John xvii. 1.5. 17,19- X.88. Jesus was said to be sancti- SCEVA, [disposed,] a Jew who lived at Eph. fied, made holy, i.e. sot apart and devoted esus. Acts xix. 14—16. to God. The setting apart, or consecrating SCHISM, or Division, condemned, 1 Cor. i 01 the body, soul, and spirit, to God, through 10; iii. S; xi. 18; xii. 'iS- 2 Cor. xiii. 11. for Jesus Christ, is the holiness of Christianity. SCORPION, a large reptile, remarkable SANCTUAR'X, a holy place, Eiod. xxv. 8; irrasciuility and malignancy, Luke xi. IJ. Some of the species are said to be white, 8ANDiLa'*ioles o; leather or wo««i tastened Hua about the sixe of an egg, and when TO THE NEW TESTAMENT. 89

eoiled up U Id difflcult to distinguish one SILAS, [contidering ,] a contrnction of 5i/ra- from the other. nu«, a distinguished Christian teacher in St'.vlliLS, writers and expounders of the the church. Acts iv. 22, 3J. law. SILOAM, fjfnf,] a fountain or pool of water, SCRIPTURES, [writinga,] a name applied S. E. of Jerusalem, John ix. 7. l)y way of dignity to the contents of the SILVANUS. SeeSii,A8. Uiblc, and wliiih are given by inspiration, SILVER. We do not read of silver till the 2Tim.iii.10; Jlntt. xiii. '.'9; Markxiv.48; time of Abraham, when it was in general Actsxvii.ll; xviii.24; 2 I'lt. iii. 16. circulation as money, though not coined 6liA, a large collection of w.xters. The He- Abraham was rich in gold and silver. It iss

X brews applied th'.u term to lakes of moder- used to represent general wealth. ate size; and t!ie rrodera inhabitants of SIMEON, Ithat hears or oheyt,] a good old Palestine still retain the same phraseology. man w l-o was waiting for the Snrior, Luie Symbolically, waters sipnit'y peoples ; and ii. 2.5—35. Also, one of the twelve patri- the gathering toKCther of people into one archs. body politic, constitutes a sea. Sl.UO.N, [that hears or obeys,} the brother cl SEAL, an engraved scamp, also the impres- Jesus, SI att. xiii. 55; Mark vi 3. sion made by such a stamp. Matt. xxvii.CO. the Canaanite, cal'ed Zclotes, an SECUNUUS, [the aecond,] a disciple men- apostle. Matt. i. 4; Mark iii. 18; Luke tioned Acts XX. 4. VI. 1.5. SELUCIA, Ibeaten by voave»,\ a seaport of Sy- siirn.amed Peter. See Peter ria, 11 miles west of Antioch, Acts xiii. 4. the Pharisee, Luke vii SO— ."iO. SELF-DENIAL, a Christian duty. Matt. v. the leper, Matt xxvi.7; Mark xiv.3 29,30; xvi.24; XTiii.8,0; Mark viii.84, &c. Uie father of Judas Iscariot, John ri

~~SEl'ULCHUES, or places fur burying the 71 ; xii. 4. dead, were usually hollow rooms dug into the Cyrenian, Matt xxvii. 32; Mark~~

rocks, with an upright door to enter into XV, 21 ; Luke xxiii 26. them, to which a large stone was put, Gen. the tanner. Acts ix. 43; x. 6, 17. 82. xiiii. 6; Judges viii.3-J; ISam.x.'i; 2 Sam. Magus, Acts viii.O— 54. ii. 32; Isa. xiii. 18; Matt, xivii. 60. SIN, to miss a mark; or any deviation in SERAPHIM, ^Jiery or burning ones.'\ See conception, thought, or deed, from tbo vv-. .1 CUERIiniM. of God. It is duiined by John to be 'the SEKGIUS PAULUS, [maker of nets,] the transgression of the law, I John iii. 3, 4. deputy Governor of Cyprus, Acts xiii. 12. Its progress in man is strikingly drawn in SERPENT. Many kinds mentioned in James i. 13, It. Sin sometimes meai:s a iii. Scripture. Alluded to as crafty. Gen. sin-offering. Gen. iv. 7 ; 2 Cor v. 21 ; Heb. 1; Slatt. I 16. One of the names of Satan. ix. 28.

SERV.VNTS, general comm.Tuds concerning SINAI, J a biish,'\ the mountain on which Je- them, Eph.vi.6—8; Col. iii. 22— J.t; 1 Tim. hovah appeared to Moses, and gave tlie law. vi.1,2; Titusii.9,10; 1 Pet.ii IS— '35. From recent researches it has been discov- SEVEN, a sacred number among the Jews. ered that tlie " Mount of God," or Horeb, is The term often denotes a perfi'ct or com- Serbal, a mountain which towers upiusoli- plete number. Job v. 19: Psa. xii. 6. Seven- tarv grandeur to the height of 3,100 feet, fold, or seven times often onlynioansabim- and some 20 miles distuntfroni the popular dantly. completely. Seventy times seven Horeb, and monkish Sinai, iS'er6ui was re- IS a still higher superlative garded as the tr-ie Stuai, till Justin ;nj SEVENTY disciples sent out by Jesus, Luke built his monastery of St. Catherine upon X. 1—20. the mountain to which it has given a KII.VV'ING. ariteof purification. Acts xviii name. 18; xxi 24. SINCERITY required. Matt v. 8; Rom. xii SIIEBA, [captivity,] a province S. E. of Ara- 9; Phil. i. 10; Col. iii. 2J. TheGreekwoid bia, between the Red Sea and I ndian Ocean. eilikrineia, translated sincerity, me.tns an It was famed for spices, gems, and g'lld. evident iiurily when he'd up iu the lii,'ht c( I'sa. Ixiii. 10; Isa.lx.6. Ttie queen of She- the sun, as we would eiamino water, 2 Cor. ba visited Solomon, 1 Kings x. 1; Matt, i. l;. xii. 42 SIXdING is not only authorized as apartof STIELP, a well known animal of great utili- divine worship by example. Matt. xxvi. SO,

ty, and famed for meekness. Christians butexpressly enjf iued, Eph. v.19; Col. i i .nre compared to sheep, and Christ is llie 10; and should be done properly, 1 Cor. "Lamb of Gi^d." In India sheep cannot xiv. 15. be distinguished from goats by a common S.MYiiNA, [myrrh,] n city and seaport of fact gives for'-e to the observer. This dc Asia iMinor, in Icni.a, S5 miics N. by W . of claration that Christ will divide the good Ephosus. It was anciently large and pow- from the bad, as a shepherd divides his erful, and is now the most populous ai d (iheep from the goats commercial city of Asia Minor. A Chris- IjHKKEL, a Jewish weight. The common tian congregation was early planted here, shekel of monev was worth ahont ha. fa to which one of the seveu Episties of Reve- dodar, and the shekel of the saiieiuary pos- lation was directed. Rev. ii.8— 11. sibly double that sum. SOUiilETYof mind and bod v, recommended,

CIluPIIERD. Christ is styled a shepherd, I Thess. v 8 ; Titus ii. 2, 4,'6 ; 1 Pet. i. 13. 1 Pet. ii. 25; the good uhepnerd, John. x. II; SODO.>l, [their secret,] one of the cities wl.ich tbecAie/bhepherd, 1 Pet. t.4; emdthegreat were destroyed by fire from heaven, whirh shepherd, Heb. xiii. 20. Elders or overseers stood on the site now occupied by Uie Dead are also called shepherds, Eph. iv. 11, where Sea. Gen. xix. the common yersion has paitort; and as SOLOMON, [peaceable, perfect,] the son of such thev are io feed the flock, 1 Pet. v 2. David and Bathsheba. lie was beloved of fIDON, [Aun^BO,] a great commercial city, God, and selected t<3 build his temple; and .-kud the capital of Phenieia. It is situated was one of the best kings of Israel. He on the Mediternvnean, about 18 miles north reigned 40 years, and was renowned for his of Tyre. It contains 10,000 inhabitants, and wisdom and wealth, and the splendorof Ins is DOW called SfntU. Luk« iv> 'M^ peaceful roign. lie was the author ol the to ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX

"loks of ProTerbs EccIp ^ tes, and Can of these significations. Like tne wora icles, besides some on bo any, natural his- psHchee, neither ruach Txor pntfuma are e\e' wry, 8'c, once connected with words which indi':,;t« 'O". OxVlON'S PORCH, a covered way on the that it is deathless, never-dying, orimmor- east of the temple, John x. 23; Acts iii. 11. taL SOPATEH, [defends hisfather,] a Berean dis- STaCHYS, [spike,] a disciple, Rom. xvi. 9. ciple, Acts XX. 4. STARS, bright heavenly bodies, seen in the SORCERER, a rarîcian, one who under- iiight. The star wriich conducted the takes to disclose secrets or oret; ev ts Magi to Bethlehem was probably a meteor. by diabolical power. ActsxiiiS; Rev.xjl. Matt. ii. Them mingstar is asymbol of 8; xxii. 15. the Messiah. Angel :, too, are symboiiz'^d SOSIPATER, ^saving thefafher.l aul's Was- by stars. Job xxxviii. 7; and also the man, Rora. xvi. 21. princes and nobles of a kingdor.i, Dan. SOSTHENES, [savior,] the chief of he y - 7i;. 10. agogueat Corinth, Acts x^ ; be be STEPHANUS, la croicn,^ one of the first came a Christian, and accompa ed Paul, converts at Corintl. baptized by Paul, 1 Cor. i. 1. 1 Cor. i. 16; xvi. 15. SOUL. The Hebrew word, nep,.e»h, of the STEPHEN, [a crown,'] one of the seven firsf. Old Testament, occurs about? " .' -ês, and d aeons, and the proto-martyr o/the Chris>» is rendered sou? 471 times; life a. d .iving, tian church. Acts vi. 5, 6 ; vii. 60. about 150 times ; and the same w r .s also STOCKS, the Roman cippi, or large pieces rendered a man, a person, self, they, me, him, of wood, which loaded the legs of the pvis- any one, breath, heart, mind, appetite, t..: oners, and most painfully distended them. body, (dead or alive,) lust,creafure,Aiide\ Acts xvi. 24. a beast; for it is 28 tinnes applied to dfosvs,. STOICS, a sect of heathen philosophers, atid to every creeping thing. The Greek founded by Zeno of Cyprus, B.C. 3.-i), so word psuchee of the New 'êstament, cor- called from his teaching in the S*oa, or responds with nephegh of the Old. I occurs porch, at Athens. Acts xvii. 18. 105 times, and is rendered soul 59 ti. es.and STONES, PRECIOUS. Amethyst, a stone ot Itfe 40 times. The same word is also ren- a violet color, bordering on purple, com- dered mind, us, yon, heart, heartily, and is posed of

mlfrht exclude those who were not bidden. TABITHA, \clear-siffhted,1 callednlsoDorc-TB. Matt. Til. IS: Lukexiii. 24. Strive tne.ius A Christian widow at Joppa, Acts ix. jft, to agonize, and alludes to the athletic exer- who was restored to life by 1 cter. cises in the Grecian games. TAHOK, [cAoicr.J a celebrated mount in the STUKET. "the street called Straight," Acts Holy Land, rising in Jezreel. or the plain ix. 11. This street still exists in Damascus, of P^sdraeion, about seven in iles from Naza- and extends from the eastern to the we:iteru reth. It is extremely fertile, covered by pate, about 3 miles. trees and odoriferous plants. The summit BUN, the preat source of light and heat. Gen. presents a plain, a mile in circuit, which i. li; miraculous events coiineuted with it. Buckingham says, afl'ords the finest view tc Josh. x. 12, 15; 2 K.njrs xx. 0— U; Luke be enjoyed in J udea. This is supposed to xxiii. 44, 45. Ueed as a symbol, Psa. Ixxxiv. betheholymountoftransfiguration, Mntf 11: Mal.iv.1. xvii. 1—13; Mark ix. 1— 15;3 Pet.i. 1ft- IS 8W1NK, the plural of Aojy. It was not only TALENT, a Jewish coin or weight. It it unclean by the Levitical law, but by strict not clear what was the exact value of tl-e Jews was regarded as impure and detest talent. Thatofsilver was probably son'c. able in the highest degree. They would where Bear l5fX) dollars, aad that of go.d not so much as pronounce its name, but «5,. Txviii. 12. TEililUS, {thethird,] an amanuensis to the SYKIA, f sublime, deceivinff.] In Hebrew, it is apostle Paul, Rom. xvi. 22. called Aram. A country of Asia, extend TEKi'T'LLUS, [a liar.) an orator who plead- iiig from Asia Minor and the Mediiena- ed agaiiibt Paul before Felix, Acts xi.». nean on the west, to the Euphrates on the 1-9. cast, and in its most extensive sense, in- TEs fAMENT, more properly rendered cot ... cluding Palestine. In the time of the kings nniil. Hell. ix. 1.5— jO. it.more frequently indicated the kingdom TETKARCH, a prince of a fourth part ot a of which Damascus was the capital than state, who had the power, without tbetit e it. the wliole country, or any other part of or crown of a king, Matt. xiv. 1; Luke i.i.

SYKO-PUENICIA, [purple, draum to,i Phe- 1 : ix.7; Actsxiii.l. nicia, properly so called, of which Sidon TII A DDE US. [that praisea,] a surname of was tlie capital. In Mark vii. 27, the Ca- Jude, Matt. 5.8. naanitish Toinan is caUed a Syro-pheni- THEOPIIILUS, [a friend of God,] mentioned cian, because she was of Phenicir,, which Luke i. 3; Actsi. 1. was then regarded as part of Syria. T'lESSALONIA.VS, the title of two Epistles written to the congritfation nt Thessalom- .TAUERXACLE, the tent of assembly. A ca, which was planted by Paul. See Acts beautiful and costly tent, erected for the xvii. worship of God, while Israel was in the The First Epistle is generally admitted to buiit, xiv; wilderness. Ordered to be Exod have been the earliest of Paul's leiteis. 1 e it, xl. preparations for XXXV.; eetnp, Itwas enjoined it to be read to all the adjnce; t 15 wide, andstoodinacourt 45 feetlongand churches. Chap. v. 57. His object seems c n 150 feet long, and 75 wide, enclosed by cur- have been to confiini them in the faith, and t.iins S feet nigh, sustained by 5ft pillars. A toe\c>ie the'.rjiiet v. curtain divided the tabernacle into two The Hernnd Kpisih, written Boon after the apartments, the eastern one, called tiie first, commends their faith and charity, rec- >fost Holy place, being 15 feet square. Heb. tifies their mistake in supposing that the IX. 2— 11. day of judgment was at hand, admonishe* XAIIEUNACLES, Feast of, one of the three them of certain irregularities, &c. great festivals of the Jews, being that of THESSALOMCA, [victory against theThesfn- the closing year. Lev. xxiii. S4—43 ; John lnn

tiraos lav^e and commercial. It is situated appearance, a8 Christ roEion»cT? on northern border of Lydia, about 27 miles the western coast of Asia Minor, oppobiis from Sardis, the seat of ona of the seven Samos, Actsxx. 15. apocalyptic churches, Rev. i. 11; iL. 18. The TROFHIMUS, [well-educated,] a native modern name is Ak-hissai. Ephesus, converted by Paul, Acts xx. 15. TIBERIAS, igood vision.'] The sea of Galilee. TRUTH the, emphatically. Gal. iii. 1; Janes Also a city on the lake or sea of Tiberias, 58 V. 9; or sincerity. Josh. xxiv. 14; 1 Sam. miles north of Jerusalem, and .ow called xii. 24; Psa. XV. 2; li. 6; Prov. iii. 3; viiL Tabaria. 7 ; xii. 17. 19; 1 Cor. v. 8; Eph. iv. 25. TinERlUS, i»on of Tiber.i the third emperor TRYFHENA, [delicious,] a female disciple ut of Rome, Luke iii. 1. Rome, Rome, xvi. 12. TIME, to be improved, Eccl. xii. 1; llatt. v. TRYPHOSA, [thrice shininff,] a female dis 25; Lukexii. 45; John ii. 4; xii. 35; Rom. ciple at Rome, Rom. xvi. 12. xiii. U; 8Cor. vi. 3; Gal. vi. 0, 10; Eph. TYCHICUS, [casual,] a disciple, employed v-10- as a messenger to several congregations. ^,. . TIMOTHY, [honor of God,] a young Chns Acts XX. 4: Eph. vi. 21, 22. tian of Derbe, grandson of Lois, and son of TYPES of Christ, brazen serpent, Num. xxi. Eunice, a Jewess, by a Greek father, who V; johniii. 14, 15: bread or manna, Eiod. was probably a proselyte, Actsxvi. 1; xx. xvi. 15- 55; John vi. 81—58; Rev.ii. 17; !» 4; jTim. i. 5; iii. 15. The apostle Paul lamb, Gen. xxii. 7,8; Exod. xii. 3—5: xxis. made him the companion of his journeys k9: Isa.liii.7: Johni.29: Acts viii. 3J: and labors. Acts xvi. 2, 5; 1 Tim.iv. 12; and IPet.i. 19: Rev. v. 6—13, &c.: Melchizedek, is often alluded to by him wiih paternal af- Gen. xiv. 18—20: Heb. t.6: vii. 1,14: pabs fection, 1 Tim. i. 2, 18; 1 Cor. iv. 17. &c. over, Exod. xii: 1 Cor. v. 7, 8; scapegoat. The tioo Epistles to l^mothy were written Lev. xvi. 20—22: Heb.ix.20; 1 Pet. ii. 24. by Paul, from Rome, not long before his TYKANN 'S, [ a prince,] a sophist or rhetori- death. In these he is instructed in the cian of Ephesus, who kept one of those choiee of officers for the church, in the pro- schools of philosophy and eloquence so per deportment of a christian minister, in common at that period. Acts xix. 9. the method of church government and dis TYRE, [strength, \ a large city of Phenicia ctpline, the importance of steadfastness in supposed to hav been built by a colony o/ christian doctrine, the perils and seduc- Sidonians, and hv,nce called the " daughter tions that should come, &c. of Zidon," J sh. xix. 29: Isa. zxiii. 12- TITHES, means Tenths; instances. Gen. xiv. Matt. xi. 21. 20; xxviii. 32 ; laws concerning, Lev. xxvii. 80—82; Deut.xiv.22,8»; Neh.x.37; Mai. UNBELIE*', causes of, John v. 44: 2 Cor. i iii. 8—10; Heb. vii.5. 4: Eph. ii. 2: 2 Thess. ii. 12: danger oi TITUS, [honorable,] a Christian teacher, and Mark xvi. 10: Luke .ii. 40; John viii. 34; companion and co-laborer of Paul. He was Rom. i. 28: 2 Tim. ii. 12 : Rev. xxi. 8. of Greek origin, butconverted by the apos- UNBELIEVERS, Christians should noi tle, who calls him his own son in the faiih, unite with them, 2 Cor. vi. 14, 15, 19: to be Titus i. 4. The apostle left Titus in Crete, shunned, Rom. xvi. 17; I Tim. vi. 5. to establish and regulate the churches in UNION to Christ, shown by comparison to i. 5. body, 1 Cor. xii. 12, 27: Eph.iv. 16: Col. i. that island, Titus . The Epistle to Titua contains similar in- lt> 24: to a building, Eph. ii.SO—22: 1 Pet. structions to those addrehstd to Timothy. ii. 4—7: to a vine, John xv. 4—8: to the It gives the quaiilicatioiis ai;d duties of el- conjugal union, Eph. v. 23, 32: it is as the ders—the doctrine of obedience to civil ru- union o. the Father and son, John xvii. ii, lers—the necessity of good works, and the 21, 23 : Rom. viii. 88, 39; 1 Cor. vi. 17. proper treatment of foolish questions and UNJUST STEWARD. In Luke xvi. 8, the heretics. This epistle seems to have been lord spoken of was not as some suppose the written from Ephesus, shortly after Paul Lord Jesus Christ, but the lordov master of V had visited Crete. Titus i. 3. the steward. Hence the argument that lONGUE, the duty of governing it, Psa. some have raised on this passage, imme- corres xxxix. 1 ; James iii. 2— 12. diately to nought. TONGUES, coulusion of. Gen. xi. 1—9; gift UNLEAVENED BREAD, Feast ot or Pasb- Oi, Mark xvi. 17 ; Acts ii. 4 ; x. 40; xii. 6. „VEB. See Festivals. TRACHONITIS, [rock,l a district in the N. UPPER MILLSTONE, Matt, xviii. 6. The E part fPdlestine. Syrians rolled up some in sheet lead, and TRADITIONS, not to be regarded, Matt. v. hung a heavy weight upon the necks of 1—20; Mark vii. 1—23; Col. ii. 8; Titus others, whom they cast into the rivers and 1.14. lakes, as a capital punishment. TRAINING children, a duty, Gen. xviii. 19; UPPER ROOMS, [placf* or eouchei,] Matt Deut.iT.O; vi. 6—9; xi.lO; Psa.lxxviii. xxiii. 6. In the Jewish synagogues, the elders sat with their backs tov«ards the ark 5, ; Eph. vi. 4. TRANCE, a state of mind, in which a person or chest wherein was the book of the law, is wrapped into visions of future or distant and their faces towards the congregation, things, to which the body seems insensible. who looked towards the ark: and the.-ie Num. xiiT.4, !•; ActBX. 10; li. 5; x xii. 17, seats were more honorable th.nn others DfiANSFiaUHK. to ebaoge tUe %uik muI and are here called th« chief seats- To- THE NEW TESTAMENT. 48

f^AT. Th km,, ieenk: referred to in Mark the rites of Eastemliospltallty. See Gea. xll. i; w: avessc. placed under the f«eno«, xviii.4; xix.2; xxiv.32; xii. 21. From ~x yc^f as a receptacle for tlie new wine or 1 Sam. xxr. 41, it appears that servants and oiL A place w;.s :'.\c; red for holdiiifj it, as sonsso.netimes performed this rite as their well as 6ometiin^» Jr the vat in which thu appropi'ate duty. For the master of a fruit, was trodden. 7 >tt. xx i. 83. house to do It was esteemed the greatest V'Elll, wh.itever hidor anytliing[ from view. condescension, John liii. 8. To wash the Ac r.fcmale coveringr. Gen. xxiv. 65; Ruth feet was not only a token of affectionate re- iii. K; 1 Cor. xi. 1— 10; veil of the taberni- gard, but also a sign of humility. This cleand temple, Exod. xxvi. 81—37; Lev. union of affectionate attention and lowlj xvi. 2; Matt, xxvii. 51; Mark xv. 83; Luke service is found in the example of Jesua, xxiii. 45; Heb. vi. 19. Johnxiii. 4— 15, and in 1 Tim. t. 10. The jf VENGEANCE of God, Gen. iv. 15; Deut. Hindoos, like the Jews, walk home bare- xxxii. 85, 41,45; Isa. xxxiv.8; 3 Thess. i. 8. foot from bathing, hence the appropriate- VIAI.S were of common use in the temple ness of the remark, "He that is washed, service. T-hey were not like those small need not, save to wash his feet," John bottles which we call by that name; but xiii.lO. were like cups on a plate, in allusion to WATCH, a Roman guard, consisting of CO the censers of (fold, which on account of soidiers, allowed the Jewish rulers to quell the heat of the fiie burning the incense, tumults. Matt, xxvii.65. wer« often put upon a plate. Rev. xvi. WATCHES. The Jews in ancient times di- riNE, one of the most prominent produc- vided the night into ^Aree parts, the eveninp. tions of Palestine, and still bears most lux- the middle, and the morning, each part uriantly. Notwithstanding the present de- including four hours, Exod. xiv. 24- pressed state of the country, it even now Judges vii. 19; 1 Sam. xi. 11; in aftw exports vast quantities of granes, raisins, times, they divided the night into four, tn and inspissated c-ape juice, (or honey of imitation of the Romans, who relieved their grapet as it is called,) into Esypt. The vine sentinels at the end of every three hourB, was an emblem of the Hebrew nation. A Matt. xiv. 25; Mark vi. 48. These part* of period cf security and repose is figured by the night were usually dtnominated the every one sitting under his own vine and first, second, third, and tonrih watches; but fig-tree. The vine is also used by our Sa- they were sometimes styled the evening, vior as an emblem of himself, John iv. midnight, cock-crowing, and morning. flNEGAR, mingled with gall, Matt, xxvii. Matt. xiv. 25; Luke xii. 88; Markxiii. 85. M. MeJicated wine, to deaden the sense of WATER, miraculous changes or supplies of pain, was given to the Jewish criminals it, Exod. vii. 19; iiv.21; xv. 2S-25; turned when about to be pot to death; but they into wine, John ii. 3; brought out of a rock, gave our Lord vinegar, and that in mock \ ^xod.xvii.O; Num. xx. 7— 13; Josh.iii.l3— ery, as they did other things, ot his claim to H; 2 Kings ii.8, 14; iii.20,22; vi.6; John royalty. IJut the force of this does imt ap- ii. S; Jesus walksonit, Matt. xiv.25; Mark pear, if we do not recollect the quality of vi. 43; John vi. 19. the wines drank anciently by princes, WAVERI.N'G condemned. Gen. xlix. 4; Heb. which it seems were of thes/oee^sort. x.2.5; James i. 6,8; 2 Pet. ii. 14; iii. 16. VINEYARD, a piece of ground planted WEDDING GAR.MENT, Matt. xiii. 12. It with vines. The vineyard was prepared was usual for persons to appear at mar- with great care, the stones beinggalliered riage feasts, in sumptuous aress, adorned out, a secure fence made round it, and a with florid embroidery. But as traveler* scaffold, or high summer house, built in were sometimes pressed in, and as they the centre, where, as the fruit ripened, a could not be provided with such garmentsL watchman was stationed, and where there robes out of tlie wardrobes of the rich, were wasalsosheller for the wo kmen at their tendered to tliem. If such persons refused meals, and a suitable p'.ace to keep the this offer, and ap; :ared in theirownap- JIatt. xxi.S.'J. This tools. Isa. V. 1—7; was, pai-el, it was highly resented, as a token of of course, deserted at other seasons of the thei r pride and contempt for those who in- year. Seelsa. i.8. vited them.

VISION, a supernatural appearance of men i WH I E STONE, Rev. ii. 17. This important and things to th« mind of a i«rson not passage, aUudes to a custom of ncting asleep, Actsix. 10; 2C()r. xii. I. Tliushas and perpetual. ng friend:,hip, among tb« God often shown his people whit eyij had Greeks a. id the Romans by dividing a not sppn, nor ear heard. pebli.e, and alter ea,;. had inscribed his VOLUME, something roVfd up, as was tho na:;ie on the flat surface, they were e«- ancient form of books, Psa. il. 7; Ileb. x.7' chaagod. The prod .ciion of either half wassu;t!cieiii to insure friendly aid, even WALKING with God, Rom. vili. 1, 4; ? Cor. from des ii.auts. Voting was done by V.7; xni. 14; Gal. v. 10, !io; Cul. ii.8. casting awhitv. stom approval, and a WASH, to bathe, or purify. The Jews wash- b'ack one for '•ejection. I their ed before eating, as ley used htud- WIND. The original wor is an?mo«, and oe- instead of kni\es and forks. Mark vi'. 8. -.ci'-s 29 times, ^t is never transhitedspirit Kitto says that when some Pharisees re- WINE. Thc.e are no less than IS distinct marked that our Li/rd ate with unwashi'd Hebrew and Greek words, translated by the hands, they did not mean that he did not word wine, either with or without the ad- atallwaanis hands, but that he did not jectives new, sweet, mixed, and strong. p/unfr* them according to their own prac- These each refer to some particular kind or house tice. No Jew entered a without condition of wine, which being all trans- removing his shoes or sandals; nor do lated by one common generic term, fails to Orientals to this day. We see the proprie- eM>ress the meaning of the original, and ty of this when we consider that chairs not creates confusion in themindof the reader. all sat being used, upon the floor, which, But as space f.-rhids a full examination ol therefore, must be kept very clean. the terms, the reader is referred to Kttlo't WASHING TUB FEET is among the most Cuclopedia. Art. NVi.nb. ancient, as well aa the most obugaiory, of WITCH, a person who pretends to tuspira- ;

~~ALPHABETICAL APPENDIX~~

tloBi, henc« a public mooker of the Deity, IS; Col.ii. 18; Rev.iix. 10; xiii. 8; publlij and of his servants, the prophets ; living worship. Matt, xviii. 20; Acts i. 14; Heb. on the credulity of the people, and thus X. 25. bring^iug into contempt God's authorized WRATH of God on the impenitent, Johm iiU ambassadors ; a class of syst^matio and au- 86; Rom. i. 18; ii. 5, 8; Eph. v. 6. dacious plunderers and deceivers ; hence the order that such should not be permitted YOKE of Christ, easy. Matt. xi.SO; Roni. xiL

to live. Eiod. xxii. 18; Lev. xx. 27. Witch- 1 ; 1 John V. 8. craft excludea from the kingdom of God. YOUNG persons, their duty, Titus ii. 6; Gal. V. 20. 1 Pet. V. 5; examples, 3 Tim. iii. 15; Jesus, WITNESSES, not to be fewer than two, Luke ii. 46—52. Num. xxzv. 80; Deut. xvii. 6; xix. 15; Matt, xviii. 16; 2Cor. xiii. Ij iTim. v. 19. ZACCHEUS, [pure, jusfified.l a superinten- WIVES, their duty. Gen. iii. 16; Eph. v. 22; dent of taxes at Jericho. Luke xix. 2.

, Col. iii. 18 ; Titus ii. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 1. ZACHARIAH, [memory of the Lord.] Several WOMEN, how they should behave in public persons of this name. One of thechief was I worship, 1 Cor. XI. 1—16; xiv.34,S5: ITim. one of the minor prophets, son of Bara-

I ii. 11, 12: a^ed, their duty, Titus ii. 3: chiah, who returned from Babylon with young, theirs, 1 Tim. v. 14: Titus ii. 4,5: Zerubbabel, and began to prophecy about how to adorn themselves, iTim.ii.Q: 1 Pet. 520 years B. C. He wrote the Dock which iii. 3. bears hi* name, and predicted many thing^s WORD of God, the Scriptures, Mark vii.l3: melating to the Messiah, and the future res-

Lukeiv.4: Eph. vi. 17: 1 Pet, i. 28, 25 : the toration of Israel.— The name also of the Gospel, Luke v. 1 ; Acts iv. 81 ; ivi. 7 : viii. father of John the Baptist. Luke i. 14: xiii. 7. ZEAL, commended. Matt. v. 6; 1 Cor. xvi.

~~WORLD, the earth and all the animals and IS ; Gai.iv.18: JudeS; Rev. iii. 19; impro-~~

vegetables on its surface : mankind gener- per, reproved, ix. 65; Rom.x. 2. ally. The word wiorW in the common ver- ZEBEDEE, [abundant pari ion.'i the father of sion is the rendering of no less than four theapostles James and John, Matt. iv. 21. different Hebrew words in the Old Testa- ZEBULON, [habitatton, dwelling, ^ the Tribe ment, and four Greek words in the New. of, a district of Palestine, on the west side The Greek word aioow, age, or the plural of the lake of Gennesareth. form ages, is rendered world no less than ZELOTES, or Zealots, a sect often men- S8 times, and the adjective form of the word tioned in Jewish history. The name was 8 times. Oikoumeneb, the haliitable, or probably given to Simon from his having Inhabited earth, occurs 15 times, and l' Been connected with it. He is also called

translated world 14 times, when the connec- Canaanite, probably for the same reason ; tion plainly shows in many instances that' the word fi'ana in Hebrew, havmg the same it has a limited meaning, as in Luke ii. 1 meaning as Zelotet. Luke vi. 15; Acts i. 15. iv. 5; and earfA only once. Gee, earth or ZENAS, [living,] a doctor of the law, and a land, is translated ioor?rf once in Rev. xiii. disciple, mentioned Titus iii. IS. S. KosMos, order, regularity; the world, ZERUIiBABEL, [a stranger at Babplon,] son universe, &c.; occurs ISO times, and is ren- of Salathiel.andof thepos*'' "*vof David dered by world 185 times, and once adorn- Matt. i. 13. ing. ZION, or Sion, [a monument, „ef Jchre, iter- not to be conformed to, Rom. xii. ret,] the highest mountain in .'^rusalem, 3; Gal. vi. 14; James i. 27; iv. 4; IJohnii. where was built the city o*' l»avid, Psa- 15; V.4. Tlviii.2. Zion is often used poetically for nWORSHIP to be paid to God only, Exod. xx. Jerusalem, Micah iii. 12; and sometime* 1—6; Matt. iv. 10: Acta X. 25, 26; xiv. IS- j ig applied to the inkabitants of Jerusalettv