Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2010 Iowa statewide voting patterns:1891-1912: naturalization does not create voting citizens Sue Ann Atkinson Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Atkinson, Sue Ann, "Iowa statewide voting patterns:1891-1912: naturalization does not create voting citizens" (2010). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 11626. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/11626 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Iowa statewide voting patterns 1891-1912: naturalization does not create voting citizens by Sue A. Atkinson A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Agricultural and Rural History Program of Study Committee: Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Co-major Professor Andrejs Plakans, Co-major Professor Hamilton Cravens Steffen Schmidt Mack Shelley Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2010 Copyright © Sue A. Atkinson, 2010. All rights reserved. ii Dedication This work is dedicated to Lee W. Atkinson, whose assistance in assembling the database (not available in electronic format) made the project possible. iii Table of Contents List of Tables………………………………………………………….…………iv List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….v Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………..ix Abstract……………………………………………………………………………x Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………..……………………..1 Chapter 2: The lay of the land………………...………………………………….35 Chapter 3: Settlement of Iowa………………………………………….………..83 Chapter 4: The religious lay of the land………..………...…………………….118 Chapter 5: Catholics and the lay of the land…………………………..………..140 Chapter 6: Iowa election outcomes…………. …………………...………...…..182 Chapter 7: Summary and Conclusion………………………………….……….227 Appendix……………………………………………………………………..…278 Bibliography………………………………………………………………...….305 iv List of Tables Table 1. Table of Iowa population changes 1840-1930…………………..……...95 Table 2.Table of national election participation…………..…..………………..183 Table 3. Regional Presidential voting participation & outcomes 1892, 1900, ...234 Table 4.Regional Gubernatorial voting participation & outcomes 1891, 1901,. 234 Table 5.District Presidential voting participation & outcomes 1892, 1900, …...246 Table 6. District Gubernatorial voting participation & outcomes 1891, 1901,...247 Table 7. Table of counties in Iowa’s 11 Congressional Districts………..……..266 Table 8. Table of congressional districts within Eastern Livestock region…….266 Table 9. Table of congressional districts within North Central Grain region….267 Table 10. Table of congressional districts within Northeast Dairy region….….267 Table 11. Table of congressional districts within Southern Pasture region….…267 Table 12. Table of congressional districts within Western Livestock region…..268 Table 13. Table of Congressional district elections 1892, 1900, 1912…………268 v List of Figures Figure 1. Normal distribution chart………………....…………………………..20 Figure2. Iowa bedrock and topology………….……………………...…………36 Figure 3. Iowa landform regions……………….…………………………….....38 Figure4. Map of Iowa rivers and lakes………………………….……….…..….39 Figure 5.Glacial Map of Des Moines Lobe……….………..………….….……..40 Figure 6. Limits of Midwest glacial advances……...…………………….……..40 Figure 7. Land form regions of Iowa showing counties…………………..……..41 Figure 8. Inside view of Loess Hills……………………………………..………42 Figure 9. Gully erosion of Loess………………………………………….……...43 Figure 10. Iowa soil types showing counties…………………..………….……..44 Figure 11. Dominant farming activity by region……………………………..….45 Figure 12. GIS mapping of Iowa counties sorted by region………………..……46 Figure 13. 1890 ethnic population chart of Western Livestock Region…...….…49 Figure 14. 1890 ethnic population chart of North Central Grain Region…....…..50 Figure 15. 1890 ethnic population chart of Southern Pasture Region…….……..51 Figure 16. 1890 ethnic population chart of Eastern Livestock Region………….52 Figure 17. 1890 ethnic population breakdown in Northeast Dairy Region…......53 Figure 18. Map showing density of Iowa German settlement 1890…………….54 Figure 19. Map showing density of native-born 1890…………………………..54 Figure 20. Chart of 1890 native-born to foreign-born by region………………..55 Figure 21. Chart of 1891 voting participation rates by region for governor…….56 Figure 22. Chart of 1892 voting participation by region for president………….57 Figure 23. Chart of eligible male voters by region 1890………………………...57 Figure 24. Chart of 1891 Gov. election results by region……………………….58 Figure 25. Chart of 1892 Pres. Election results by region……………………....59 Figure 26. 1900 ethnic population chart of Western Livestock Regions……..…61 Figure 27. 1900 ethnic population chart of North Central Grain Region………..62 Figure 28. 1900 ethnic population chart of Southern Pasture Region…………..63 Figure 29. 1900 ethnic population chart for Eastern Livestock Region…………64 Figure 30. 1900 ethnic population chart for Northeast Dairy Region…………...65 Figure 31. Map showing density of native-born 1900…………………………...66 Figure 32. Chart of 1900 foreign-born by region……………………………..…67 Figure 33. Chart of 1900 presidential election participation by region…….……67 Figure 34. Chart of 1900 Pres. Election results………………………………….68 Figure 35. Chart of 1901 Gov. election participation by region………………...68 Figure 36. Chart of 1900 eligible voters by region……………………………...69 Figure 37. Chart of 1901 Gov. votes by region………………………………….69 Figure 38. 1910 ethnic population chart of Western Livestock Region…………71 Figure 39. 1910 ethnic population chart of North Central Grain Region………..72 Figure 40. 1910 ethnic population chart of Southern Pasture Region…………...73 Figure 41. 1910 ethnic population chart of Eastern Livestock Region………….74 Figure 42. 1910 population chart of Northeast Dairy Region…………………...75 Figure 43. Map showing density of native-born 1910…………………………..76 Figure 44. Chart of foreign-born by region………………………………….…..76 Figure 45. Chart of 1912 Pres. voter participation by region…………………...77 vi Figure 46. Chart of 1912 Pres. Votes by region………………………………...78 Figure 47. Chart of Gov. voter participation by region………………………….78 Figure 48. Chart of 1910 number of male voters by region……………………..79 Figure 49. Chart of 1912 Gov. election results by region……………………….79 Figure 50. Map of initial settlement area in 1832……………………………….85 Figure 51.Map showing density of foreign-born 1890………..………………....93 Figure 52. Chart of 1890 Iowa immigrant sources……………………….……...99 Figure 53. Chart of 1900 Iowa immigrant sources………………..………..…..100 Figure 54. Chart of 1910 Iowa immigrant sources……..……………………....100 Figure 55. 1850 Catholic churches in Iowa……………..…………………..….103 Figure 56. 1900 Iowa church Census……..………………………………...…..105 Figure 57. 1906 Church Census of Iowa………………………..………….…..106 Figure 58. Map of 1870 Irish in Iowa by county……………………………….107 Figure 59. Map of 1890 Federal Census showing Irish in Iowa………………..108 Figure 60. Map of 1900 Federal Census showing Irish in Iowa………..………108 Figure 61. Map of 1870 Federal Census showing Scots in Iowa………….…....101 Figure 62. Map of 1890 Federal Census showing Scots in Iowa…………….....109 Figure 63. Map of 1910 Federal Census showing Scots in Iowa…………….....110 Figure 64. Map of 1870 Federal Census showing Germans in Iowa…………...111 Figure 65. Map of 1890 Federal Census showing Germans in Iowa…..……….112 Figure 66. Map of 1870 Federal Census showing Scandinavians in Iowa…..…113 Figure 67. Map of 1900 Federal Census showing Scandinavians in Iowa..…....114 Figure 68. Map of Catholics in Iowa 1906 church census………………….….119 Figure 69. Map of Methodists in Iowa 1906 church census…………………...120 Figure 70. Map of Lutheran General, Synodical, United Norwegian in Iowa ...121 Figure 71. Map of United Presbyterian in Iowa 1906 church census……….…122 Figure 72. Lutheran Hauge, Norwegian Free Iowa, Joint synod of Ohio………123 Figure 73. Pie chart of Western Livestock region religions…………..………..124 Figure 74. Pie chart of Southern Pasture region religions……..………………124 Figure 75. Pie chart of North Central Grain religions………..……….……….125 Figure 76. Pie chart of Eastern Livestock region religions………….…………126 Figure 77. Pie chart of Northeast Dairy region religions………………………126 Figure 78. Pie chart of District 1 religions1906…….……………………...…..127 Figure 79. Pie chart of District 2 religions 1906…………………………...…..127 Figure 80. Pie chart of District 3 religions 1906………………………...……..128 Figure 81. Pie chart of District 4 religions 1906…………………...…………..128 Figure 82. Pie chart of District 5 religions 1906…………………...…………..129 Figure 83. Pie chart of District 6 religions 1906…………………….…………129 Figure 84. Pie chart of District 7 religions 1906……………………………….130 Figure 85. Pie chart of District 8 religions 1906………………………….……130 Figure 86. Pie chart of district 9 religions 1906………………………………..131 Figure 87. Pie chart of District 10 religions 1906……………….………..……131 Figure 88. Pie chart of District 11 religions 1906………………….…….…….132 Figure 89. Bar chart of Lutheran p-value support for Cummins 1901…………136 Figure 90. Bar chart of remaining Protestant support for Cummins 1901….….136 Figure