DOCSLIB.ORG

The 10 Best Climate Mitigation Measures in the Nordic Baltic Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The 10 Best Climate Mitigation Measures in the Nordic Baltic Region AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE SERIES 30 The 10 best climate mitigation measures in the Nordic Baltic Region Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE SERIES 30 The 10 best climate mitigation measures in the Nordic Baltic Region By Janis Brizga (Latvia), Sören Dyck-Madsen (Denmark), Arni Finnsson (Island), Valdur Lahtvee (Estonia), Fredrik Lundberg (Sweden), Thomas Martinsen (Norway), Gunnar B.Olesen (Denmark), Meri Pukarinen (Finland), Linas Vainius (Lithuania). About the authors: The national reports were written by eight energy and climate policy experts from environmental NGOs in the Nordic Region. The synthesis report was written by energy experts Fredrik Lundberg from Sweden and Gunnar B.Olesen (INFORSE) from Denmark. Cover illustration: Lars-Erik Håkansson (Lehån). Graphics and layout: Sven Ängermark Language consultant: Malcolm Berry, Seven G Translations, UK ISBN: 978-91-979623-2-2 Published in October 2013 by the Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat (Reinhold Pape) in cooperation with the Minor Foundation for Major Challenges (Tore Killingland, Tore Braend) in Norway. Address: AirClim, Box 7005, 402 31 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone: +46(0)31 711 45 15. AirClim would like to sincerely thank the The Minor Foundation for Major Challenges for all support which made this report possible. www.minor-foundation.no Website: www.airclim.org. The Secretariat is a joint project by Friends of the Earth Sweden, Nature and Youth Sweden, the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation and the World Wide Fund for Nature Sweden. The report is also available in pdf format at www.airclim.org. The views expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the publisher. Contents Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1. CO2 and energy taxes. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Feed-in tariffs ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 3. EU Structural Funds for energy efficiency ....................................................................................................................................... 12 4. Building efficiency, building codes and requirements for renovation ............................................................................................. 13 5. Other subsidies for renewable energy ............................................................................................................................................ 14 6. Energy efficiency agreements ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 7.Vehicle taxation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 16 8. Promoting and planning for cogeneration and district heating ..................................................................................................... 18 9. Planning for wind power ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 10. Local initiatives, ........................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Other policies ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Climate law .................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Smart grid strategies ................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Congestion charges ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Technology procurement ............................................................................................................................................................. 23 EU-ETS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Net metering ............................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Mandatory use of straw ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 EU policies.................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Method: Selection of the Ten Best Measures ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Danish Initiatives for Reduction of CO2 and Energy use or more Renewables: ............................................................ 26 37 Instruments: ........................................................................................................................................................................... 26 1. Energy taxation for households ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 2. CO2 taxation for business – including energy savings agreements ................................................................................................. 27 3. Fuel Taxes ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 4. Energy distribution companies energy savings obligations ............................................................................................................ 29 5. Building codes ............................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Renovation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Low energy 2015 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Low energy 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 31 6. Cogeneration and district heating .................................................................................................................................................. 32 7. Implemented taxes and duties relevant to consumption and emissions of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6..................................................... 33 8. Registration tax for cars ................................................................................................................................................................. 34 9. Annual green ownership tax for cars .............................................................................................................................................. 35 10. Biofuels and exemption of registration tax for electric and hydrogen cars ................................................................................... 36 “Electricity and biomass in the transport sector ........................................................................................................................... 37 11. Planning publicly accessible buildings near public transport ....................................................................................................... 37 12.Feed-in tariffs for wind turbines on-shore, near-shore and off-shore ........................................................................................... 37 Production of Renewable Energy ................................................................................................................................................. 38 “A green and sustainable energy supply based on renewable energy .......................................................................................... 39 3 13. Increasing use of biomass – mandatory use of straw for power production................................................................................. 39 “Converting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluating the Prevalence and Effectiveness of Breed-Specific Legislation Felicia E
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 8-2016 Evaluating the prevalence and effectiveness of breed-specific legislation Felicia E. Trembath Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Epidemiology Commons, Law Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Trembath, Felicia E., "Evaluating the prevalence and effectiveness of breed-specific legislation" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 870. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/870 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated ¡ ¢¡£ ¢¡¤ ¥ PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Felicia E. Trembath Entitled EVALUATING THE PREVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BREED-SPECIFIC LEGISLATION For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Alan M. Beck Chair Hsin-Yi Weng Niwako Ogata George H. Avery To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Alan M. Beck Approved by: Ramesh Vemulapalli 7/26/2016 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date EVALUATING THE PREVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BREED-SPECIFIC LEGISLATION A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Felicia E. Trembath In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2016 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation and all that I have been able to accomplish would not have been possible without the support of my committee members, advisor, and family.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution 9: Participation of Countries, Particularly Developing
    2014-2017 Final Report ITU-D Study Group 1 Resolution 9: Participation of countries, particularly developing countries, in spectrum management International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Evolving spectrum Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 management Switzerland www.itu.int tools to support development needs 6th Study Period 2014-2017 9:PARTICIPATION OF COUNTRIES, PARTICULARLY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, IN SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT IN SPECTRUM COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING PARTICULARLY OF COUNTRIES, 9:PARTICIPATION QRESOLUTION QRESOLUTION ISBN 978-92-61-22881-1 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 2 2 8 8 1 1 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2017 07/2017 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Office of the Director Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland Email: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5035/5435 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Deputy to the Director and Infrastructure Enabling Innovation and Partnership Project Support and Knowledge Director，Administration and Environmnent and Department (IP) Management Department (PKM) Operations Coordination e-Applications Department (IEE) Department (DDR) Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5784 Tel.: +41 22 730 5421 Tel.: +41 22 730 5900 Tel.: +41 22 730 5447 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Africa Ethiopia Cameroon Senegal Zimbabwe International Telecommunication Union internationale des Union internationale des International Telecommunication Union (ITU) télécommunications (UIT) télécommunications (UIT) Union (ITU) Regional Office Bureau de zone Bureau de zone Area Office P.O. Box 60 005 Immeuble CAMPOST, 3e étage 19, Rue Parchappe x Amadou TelOne Centre for Learning Gambia Rd., Leghar ETC Building Boulevard du 20 mai Assane Ndoye Corner Samora Machel and 3rd floor Boîte postale 11017 Immeuble Fayçal, 4e étage Hampton Road Addis Ababa – Ethiopia Yaoundé – Cameroon B.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Linguistics in a Complex World Data, Interdisciplinarity, Transfer, and the Next Generation
    ICAME 41 Heidelberg Digital Conference Language and Linguistics in a Complex World Data, Interdisciplinarity, Transfer, and the Next Generation The International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English Annual Conference Heidelberg University and University of Cologne, Germany May 20-23, 2020 EXTENDED BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Conference Organizers: Beatrix Busse, Ingo Kleiber, Nina Dumrukcic, Franziska Wagner, Ruth Möhlig-Falke, and Kellie Gonçalves. Edited by Beatrix Busse, Nina Dumrukcic, and Ruth Möhlig-Falke ICAME41 Heidelberg Digital Conference Heidelberg University and University of Cologne, Germany Published by University and City Library (USB) Cologne Editors: Beatrix Busse Nina Dumrukcic Ruth Möhlig-Falke Cologne University Publication Server KUPS Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln Universitätsstr. 33 50931 Köln https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/ Conference organized with support from DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) John Benjamins Publishing Company University of Cologne This publication contributes to the Open Access movement by offering free access to its articles and permitting any users to read, download, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software. The copyright is shared by authors and the University of Cologne to control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. The name of the author must be mentioned at the place of use. The work may be distributed, but not altered or remixed. The work may not be used for commercial purposes. To view a copy of this license, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/3.0/de/deed.en Preface ICAME conferences aim to provide the research community with a view of the state-of-the-art in English corpus linguistics and corpus linguistics in general.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of Non-Territorial Autonomy
    Balázs Dobos The Role of Elections in Minority Contexts: The Hungarian Case Elections are a major component of democratic political systems. According to the main theories of democracy, no system can be considered democratic in the absence of elections (or some form of direct democracy, like a refer- endum) held under universal suf frage. There seems to be an agreement that in every democratic political setting, the function of elections goes beyond filling posts with candidates. Elections, furthermore, may play a key role in non-territorial autonomies (NTA), the general model of which (with its strong focus on individual participation) may be suitable for territorially dispersed minorities in particular. Since this kind of autonomy arrange- ment aims to cover those who belong to a certain group irrespective of its place of residence and size, there needs to be at least one institution that unites and organizes members of the group – an institution established in public or private law. As an inevitable consequence of the dissolution of the former dynas- tic and multi-ethnic empires and communist multi-national federations, a considerable number of such minority communities live in central and eastern Europe despite the homogenization policies of the last century. In creating their autonomy frameworks several countries in the region, most prominently Russia (Osipov 2010), refer to the notion of NTA in their legislation, and in public opinion this implies that special associations must be endowed with such public functions as maintaining
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 15/2019 1
    Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE AND LAW Issue 15/2019 1 Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law EDITORIAL BOARD Editor in Chief: Mihaela ONOFREI, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Managing Editor: Tudorel TOADER, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Assistant Editors: Sorin Gabriel ANTON, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Ana Maria BERCU, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Elena CIGU, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Florin OPREA, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Ada Iuliana POPESCU, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Mihaela TOFAN, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Administrative editors: Dan LUPU, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Bogdan PETRIŞOR, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Scientific Advisory Board: Paolo ANDREI, University of Parma, Italy Gabriela-Victoria ANGHELACHE, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Stefano AZZALI, University of Parma, Italy Braduț-Vasile BOLOȘ, Petru Maior University, Targu Mures, Romania Ionel BOSTAN, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania Daniela CORODEANU-AGHEORGHIESEI, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Romania Adrian FLOREA, University of Oradea, Romania Călin Emilian HINŢEA, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca, Romania Nicolae ISTUDOR, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Corina LAZAR, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania
    [Show full text]
  • Investing in Early Childhood Care and Education
    Investing in Early Childhood Care and Education MAASTRICHT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE Investing in Early Childhood The Maastricht Graduate School of Governance (MGSoG) was founded in Care and Education: September 2004 at Maastricht University. The mission of the School is to train specialists who combine a high level of academic scholarship with leadership, in order to strengthen democratic governance in domestic The Impact of Quality on Inequality and international organizations, by focusing on policy analysis, risk assessment, policy design, monitoring and evaluation, and methodologies and techniques of policy research. MGSoG provides multi-disciplinary top-academic training in the heart of Europe. This is achieved by building on the academic resources of the different faculties at Maastricht University as well as those of several Robert Bauchmüller foreign partners. From 2011 onwards, the School has become part of the United Nations University, strengthening further its international training and research network while building on the expertise of UNU-MERIT the Maastricht based research institute of the UNU. To guarantee both high academic quality and policy relevance, the MGSoG is closely involved with an extensive academic and professional network, including highly recognized organizations such as the OECD, ILO, UNDP, WB, IMF and EU. Robert Bauchmüller www.boekenplan.nl ISBN 978-90-8666-304-0 9 789086 663040 33 Investing in Early Childhood Care and Education: The Impact of Quality on Inequality © 2013 Robert Bauchmüller All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing, from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • War and Social Welfare This Page Intentionally Left Blank War and Social Welfare
    War and Social Welfare This page intentionally left blank War and Social Welfare Reconstruction after Conflict Fred Pompeo Cocozzelli war and social welfare Copyright © Fred Pompeo Cocozzelli, 2009. All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States – a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has compa- nies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978-0-230-62078-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cocozzelli, Fred Pompeo. War and social welfare : reconstruction after conflict / Fred Pompeo Cocozzelli. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-230-62078-0 (alk. paper) 1. Postwar reconstruction—Social aspects—Case studies. 2. Public welfare—International cooperation—Case studies. 3. Postwar reconstruction—Kosovo (Republic) 4. Public welfare—Kosovo (Republic) 5. Kosovo (Republic)—Social policy. I. Title. HV639.C6 2010 363.34Ј988—dc22 2009020039 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Macmillan Publishing Solutions First edition: January 2010 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. Dedicated to my parents for all of their love and support. Thanks Mom and Dad. And to Emily and Pompeo, with love.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Self-Government in Armenia
    FOA LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN ARMENIA (2018) Book 11 Edited by Vahram Shahbazyan, Ph.D. Technical Sciences Yerevan 2019 Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................ 148 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... 149 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... 151 PREFACE .............................................................................................................. 152 1. LEGAL AND PROGRAMMATIC ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT REFORMS............................................................................... 156 1.1. Legal Assessment of Local Self-government Reforms ................................................... 156 1.2. Programmatic Assessment of Local Self-government Reforms ...................................... 160 1.3. Performance of Armenia’s International Commitments in Local Self-government ............ 162 2. ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION AND INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION .... 163 2.1. Administrative-territorial division.......... ...................................................................... 164 2.2. Inter-municipal cooperation ............................................................................. 169 3. FORMATION, POWERS AND ACTIVITIES OF LSGBS, PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Final Reports Template
    SPIMA - Spatial dynamics and strategic planning in metropolitan areas Targeted Analysis Final Report Version 5 March 2018 This Targeted Analysis activity is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Vanya Simeonova, Michiel van Eupen, Jan Clement, Andrea Baraggia, Edgar van der Grift, Wageningen Environmental Research-Alterra (the Netherlands) Gro Sandkjær Hanssen, Hege Hofstad, Norwegian Institute for Urban Research (Norway) Ivan Tosics, Eva Gerohazi, Metropolitan Research Institute (Hungary) Advisory Group ESPON EGTC: Peter Billing Lead Stakeholder: Peter Austin (city of Oslo, Norway) Information on ESPON and its projects can be found on www.espon.eu. The website provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalized and ongoing ESPON projects. This delivery exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON, 2018 Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorized provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] a SPIMA- Spatial
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Book of Abstracts
    ICAME 41 Heidelberg Digital Conference Language and Linguistics in a Complex World Data, Interdisciplinarity, Transfer, and the Next Generation The International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English annual conference Heidelberg University and University of Cologne, Germany May 20-23, 2020 EXTENDED BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Conference Organizers: Beatrix Busse, Ingo Kleiber, Nina Dumrukcic, Franziska Wagner, Ruth Möhlig-Falke, and Kellie Gonçalves. Edited by Beatrix Busse, Nina Dumrukcic, and Ruth Möhlig-Falke ICAME41 Heidelberg Digital Conference Heidelberg University and University of Cologne, Germany Published by University and City Library (USB) Cologne Editors: Beatrix Busse Nina Dumrukcic Ruth Möhlig-Falke Cologne University Publication Server KUPS Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln Universitätsstr. 33 50931 Köln https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/ Conference organized with support from DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) John Benjamins Publishing Company University of Cologne This publication contributes to the Open Access movement by offering free access to its articles and permitting any users to read, download, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software. The copyright is shared by authors and the University of Cologne to control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. The name of the author must be mentioned at the place of use. The work may be distributed, but not altered or remixed. The work may not be used for commercial purposes. To view a copy of this license, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/3.0/de/deed.en Preface ICAME conferences aim to provide the research community with a view of the state-of-the-art in English corpus linguistics and corpus linguistics in general.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect and Process Evaluation of a Kindergarten-Based, Family-Involved
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect and process evaluation of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention with a randomized cluster design on sedentary behaviour in 4- to 6- year old European preschool children: The ToyBox- study a1111111111 Julie Latomme1, Greet Cardon1*, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij1, Violeta Iotova2, a1111111111 Berthold Koletzko3, Piotr Socha4, Luis Moreno5, Odysseas Androutsos6, Yannis Manios6, a1111111111 Marieke De Craemer1, On behalf of ToyBox-study group¶ a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent, Belgium, 2 Medical University Varna, Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Varna, Bulgaria, 3 University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany, 4 Children's Memorial Institute, Warsaw, Poland, 5 University of Zaragoza, GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Drinking behaviour and Development), Zaragoza, Spain, 6 Harokopio University, School of Health Science & Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece OPEN ACCESS ¶ Membership of the ToyBox-study group is provided in the Acknowledgments Citation: Latomme J, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij * [email protected] I, Iotova V, Koletzko B, Socha P, et al. (2017) Effect and process evaluation of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention with a randomized cluster design on sedentary behaviour in 4- to 6- Abstract year old European preschool children: The ToyBox- study. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0172730. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0172730 Background Editor: Maciej Buchowski, Vanderbilt University, The aim of the present study evaluated the effect and process of the ToyBox-intervention on UNITED STATES proxy-reported sedentary behaviours in 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers from six European Received: October 11, 2016 countries. Accepted: February 7, 2017 Published: April 5, 2017 Methods Copyright: © 2017 Latomme et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisions on Penalties Related to Legislation on Industrial Installations
    Provisions on penalties related to legislation on industrial installations Document on Good Practices October 2011 Project Management This report has been prepared by Milieu Ltd for the European Commission, DG Environment under Study Contract DG ENV № 070307/2010/569468/SER/C3. The views expressed herein are those of the consultants alone and do not necessarily represent the official views of the European Commission. Milieu Ltd. (Belgium), 15 rue Blanche, B-1050 Brussels, tel: +32 2 506 1000; fax: +32 2 514 3603; e-mail: [email protected]; web address: www.milieu.be Project Manager: Claire Dupont Deputy Project Manager: Nathy Rass‐Masson Project Management support was provided by: Bernhard Borsche, Katalin Császár, Gavin McBride and Florent Pelsy Milieu Ltd. (Belgium), 15 rue Blanche, B‐1050, Brussels, tel 32 2 506 1000; fax 32 2 514 3603 ; e‐mail: [email protected] ; web address: www.milieu.be Country experts Denmark – Helle Husum France – Florent Pelsy Germany – Bernhard Borsche Hungary – Katalin Császár Netherlands – Wybe Douma Spain –Florent Pelsy United Kingdom – Gavin McBride Table of Content 1. The different legal and institutional frameworks ........................................................ 14 1.1. Overall legal framework........................................................................................................ 14 1.2. Competent Authorities.......................................................................................................... 15 2. Effectiveness, proportionality and dissuasiveness
    [Show full text]