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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
Alternate African Reality. Electronic, Electroacoustic and Experimental Music from Africa and the Diaspora
Alternate African Reality, cover for the digital release by Cedrik Fermont, 2020. Alternate African Reality. Electronic, electroacoustic and experimental music from Africa and the diaspora. Introduction and critique. "Always use the word ‘Africa’ or ‘Darkness’ or ‘Safari’ in your title. Subtitles may include the words ‘Zanzibar’, ‘Masai’, ‘Zulu’, ‘Zambezi’, ‘Congo’, ‘Nile’, ‘Big’, ‘Sky’, ‘Shadow’, ‘Drum’, ‘Sun’ or ‘Bygone’. Also useful are words such as ‘Guerrillas’, ‘Timeless’, ‘Primordial’ and ‘Tribal’. Note that ‘People’ means Africans who are not black, while ‘The People’ means black Africans. Never have a picture of a well-adjusted African on the cover of your book, or in it, unless that African has won the Nobel Prize. An AK-47, prominent ribs, naked breasts: use these. If you must include an African, make sure you get one in Masai or Zulu or Dogon dress." – Binyavanga Wainaina (1971-2019). © Binyavanga Wainaina, 2005. Originally published in Granta 92, 2005. Photo taken in the streets of Maputo, Mozambique by Cedrik Fermont, 2018. "Africa – the dark continent of the tyrants, the beautiful girls, the bizarre rituals, the tropical fruits, the pygmies, the guns, the mercenaries, the tribal wars, the unusual diseases, the abject poverty, the sumptuous riches, the widespread executions, the praetorian colonialists, the exotic wildlife - and the music." (extract from the booklet of Extreme Music from Africa (Susan Lawly, 1997). Whether intended as prank, provocation or patronisation or, who knows, all of these at once, producer William Bennett's fake African compilation Extreme Music from Africa perfectly fits the African clichés that Binyavanga Wainaina described in his essay How To Write About Africa : the concept, the cover, the lame references, the stereotypical drawing made by Trevor Brown.. -
Uk Z N T Ouch 2016
UKZNTOUCH 2016 Research in Africa? Our women researchers have a global perspective. UKZN boasts 15 research chairs as part of the South African Research Chair Initiative (SARChI). Of these, seven are women. This is a national intervention aimed at improving research and innovation capacity at public universities while responding to national social and economic challenges. www.ukzn.ac.za Copyright: All photos and images used in this publication are protected by copyright and may not be reproduced without permission of the Corporate Relations Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal. No section of this publication may be reproduced without the written consent of the University’s Corporate Relations Division. 2 // UKZNTOUCH Disclaimer: Information was collected at dierent times during the compilation of this publication. UKZNTOUCH // 1 CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 UKZN Hosts First International Bow Music Conference 44 EDITORIAL 4 Reasserting the Relevance of Customary Law 46 HIGHLIGHTS 6 UKZN Boasts First Black Woman with PhD in LEADERSHIP Town Planning 47 UKZN Welcomes New Leadership 8 Bua Lenna Programme Promotes Indigenous Towards a New Era of Intellectual Excellence 12 Languages 48 CURRENT AFFAIRS UKZN Set to Relaunch Enactus 49 Coping with Drought 15 SPORT A Time of Unprecedented Global Change 18 Canoeist Takes on World’s Best 50 The South African Economy: Light at the End UKZN’s Athletics Club Runners do Well at 2016 of the Tunnel? 21 Comrades Marathon 51 #FeesMustFall: Where to from Here? 23 UKZN Academic Wins Seven Lifesaving Medals 52 UKZNTOUCH -
Repatriating Xhosa Music Recordings Archived at the International Library
Repatriating Xhosa music recordings archived at the International Library of African Music (ILAM) and reviving interest in traditional Xhosa music among the youth in Grahamstown. A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC (ETHNOMUSICOLOGY) RHODES UNIVERSITY. By Elijah Moleseng Madiba December 2017 Supervisor: Dr. L. W. Watkins ABSTRACT This research looks at the feasibility of using repatriation as a tool for the revitalisation of indigenous music within a contemporary South African musical context. Using tracks from the International Library of African Music (ILAM), this investigation presents isiXhosa traditional and indigenous music to a group of musicians from a hip-hop background that would never have had access to this type of music before. The thesis then traces their creative use of the music within their own genres. Speaking to the legacy of the Hugh Tracey collection at ILAM and criticisms that have surfaced, this research also attempts to validate the efforts made by Hugh Tracey in collecting and documenting African music. Themes ranging from understanding the term “tradition” are addressed, as well as other technical terms in the vernacular while also exploring and analysing the results of the repatriation project. Practical issues regarding the sampling of indigenous music were interrogated carefully due to the fact that the complexity of African music was foreign to most of the participants. Their familiarity with the music, or lack thereof, either motivated or ended the musicians’ participation in the research project. An in-depth analysis of the results of the musicians’ interaction with the music is presented where this study finds, at the heart of this research, that the musicians performed as agents who easily took to revitalising the music. -
The Worst School Violence Larry K. Brendtro 3 Declaring War On
ISSUE 144 - FEBRUARY 2011 Editorial: Growing On 1 The worst school violence Larry K. Brendtro 3 Declaring War on Children Gerry Fewster 15 Working With Groups in Residential Settings Richard Biolsi and Paul Gitelson 18 Hope and the Imagination Herbert Kohl 22 Types of Knowledge Mark Smith 26 Lizzy: Understanding attachment and loss in young people with complex needs Edwina Grant, Mary McFarlane and Rita Crawford 28 Poetics and the Language of Youth Work Mark Krueger 36 Lessons From The Tiler Lesiba Molepo 40 Now we are Six Liz Laidlaw 44 Meeting Expectations and Valuing the Importance of the Expectation Jack Phelan 47 What Do You Expect? John Stein 48 Defining to Exclude Kiaras Gharabaghi 53 Leon Fulcher’s Postcard from the UK 55 Like Grandfather Nils Ling 58 EndNotes 61 Information 63 editorial Growing On ... ell, by now you have noticed should already be talking with and listening our new format. Like all things to parents, teachers and others in the Wnew, it may take a little time for circles of the children and youth we work us to ‘get it right’ and for you to become with, so this development is just giving familiar with it. In the end though, we greater effect to this level of working hope you like it. Do let us know. together. It seems appropriate that we launch No matter what you do, where you this new format after 144 issues on work or what you are called we believe CYC-Online. Imagine that. Eh? 12 dozen that if you work with, or are concerned issues. -
Doctoral Education in South Africa
Doctoral Education in South Africa Policy, Discourse and Data Nico Cloete, Johann Mouton and Charles Sheppard AFRICAN MINDS First published in 2015 by African Minds African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West, 7130, Cape Town, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.org.za cc 2015 Nico Cloete, Johann Mouton and Charles Sheppard All contents of this document, unless specified otherwise, are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ISBNs 978-1-928331-00-1 Print 978-1-928331-07-0 e-Book Produced by COMPRESS.dsl | www.compressdsl.com Contents List of figures and tables iv Preface vii About the authors xi List of frequently used acronyms xii Chapter 1 The demand for a doctorate: Global, African and South African contexts 1 Chapter 2 The demand to increase doctorates 27 Chapter 3 The demand for improved efficiency 59 Chapter 4 The demand for transformation 81 Chapter 5 Improve the quality of doctoral education 101 Chapter 6 Multiple paths to success 125 Chapter 7 Incremental change and a paradigm shift 173 Chapter 8 Policy choices and implications 195 Appendices Appendix 1 Data sources and methodology 215 Appendix 2 Responses to the presentation of preliminary findings from the Study on the Doctorate in South Africa (May 2014) 225 Appendix 3 Current trends in PhD studies: A review of articles published on the University World News website (2013) 246 Appendix 4 Government steering of doctoral production 261 Appendix 5 Additional data on the doctorate in South Africa 265 Appendix 6 Scenarios that -
African Renaissance and Ubuntu Philosophy
University of Groningen Centre for Development Studies AFRICAN RENAISSANCE AND UBUNTU PHILOSOPHY Special Issue Editor African Renaissance and Pieter Boele van Hensbroek Ubuntu Philosophy Vol. XV No. 1-2, 2001 Vol. QUEST An African Journal of Philosophy Vol. XV No. 1-2, 2001 CDS RESEARCH REPORT NO.12 &217(176 Introduction 3 Thabo Mbeki 9 ,$P$Q$IULFDQ Dirk J. Louw 15 8EXQWXDQGWKH&KDOOHQJHVRI0XOWLFXOWXUDOLVPLQ 3RVW$SDUWKHLG6RXWK$IULFD Priscilla Jana 37 $IULFDQ5HQDLVVDQFHDQGWKH0LOOHQQLXP$FWLRQ3ODQ Ineke van Kessel 43 ,Q6HDUFKRIDQ$IULFDQ5HQDLVVDQFH $QDJHQGDIRUPRGHUQLVDWLRQQHRWUDGLWLRQDOLVP RU$IULFDQLVDWLRQ" Wim van Binsbergen 53 8EXQWXDQGWKH*OREDOLVDWLRQRI6RXWKHUQ$IULFDQ 7KRXJKWDQG6RFLHW\ Luchien Karsten and Honorine Illa 91 8EXQWXDVD0DQDJHPHQW&RQFHSW Caspar Schweigman 113 8MDPDDD3KDQWRP Pieter Boele van Hensbroek 127 3KLORVRSKLHVRI$IULFDQ5HQDLVVDQFHLQ $IULFDQ,QWHOOHFWXDO+LVWRU\ Lansana Keita 139 5HYLHZ: /HRQKDUG3UDHJ, $IULFDQ3KLORVRSK\ DQGWKH4XHVWIRU$XWRQRP\ Comprehensive Bibliography on African Renaissance and Ubuntu 145 ,1752'8&7,21 Ubuntu and African Renaissance share a resonance of being weighty subjects which address fundamental and often ignored aspects of African development. At the same time, these concepts seem hopelessly vague, being used by everybody in a way that fits him or her best. So, seemingly, it would be advisable for academics to rather ignore such concepts altogether. Relevance and academic acceptability seem to be at odds here. However, academics should not be too parochial. Vague and ambiguous notions are widely and profitably used in many areas of social and professional life. Vagueness may even be an asset for key focalising and mobilising notions. A non-parochial approach would suggest that we take a serious look at the roles that the ideas of Ubuntu and African Renaissance fulfil in various fields of human activity. -
By Thomas F. Johnston
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by IUScholarWorks :+I, by Thomas F. Johnston - ABSTRACT : . .Historical folklorists concerned with Africa have frequently suggested that, because much African vocal harmony appears to depend upon the parallel movements of parts, it is probably derived from the parallel 5ths yielded by the African musical bow. During two years (1968-70) of field work among the Tsonga of Mozambique and the Transvaal (under grant #2504 from the Wenner-Gren Foundation) the'author came to the conclusion that a converse theory is more plausible: muSPcal Gows are selectively utilized by African tribes in proportion to the ;ease.with which they reproduce the established musical principles of the communal uocal music. Evidence for this new theory is considerable: musical bows are - 'capable of much musical manoeuvrability of which they are never called upon to ;r.;! produce, suggesting that instrumental music is controlled by the rules of vocal ,music, Musical bow music often descends from initial peak to cadential nadir, a vocal phenomenon resulting from strong initial breath exhalation followed by diminished breath energy. African vocal harmony is often not exactly parallel, but follows a varying span principle, while bow hawoqics are always unvaryingly , at the 5th. Finally, communual' vocal music is vastly moie important than solo bow music, and is an integral part of such rites as initiation and exorcism, group processes where cultural prescriptions are extremely, structured in regard to the fulfillment of musical norms. It is hardly conceivable .that such music would be moulded after the musical properties of an instrument which is found only here and there in the private possession of individuals. -
“Istenfaf", Which Means “Rise Up” Is an Upbeat Ode to a Call for Action for Peace and a Home
CD REVIEWS 129 Tiris. Track 4, “Istenfaf", which means “Rise Up” is an upbeat ode to a call for action for peace and a home. The trumpet makes a wonderful appearance on this track. This track is quite similar to the jazzy songs of Western Sahara’s southern neighbor, Mauritania. On track 5, the t’bol drum and tidinit accompany female vocals and hand-clapping. “Ta Jayti” means “Hey, My Sister”, and is a celebration of social connections and womanhood. The choral singing is amazing on this tune. Track 6 is “E lNabi”, “The Prophet”. The transcendental properties of Saharan music mimics the vast expanse of the environment in which it is composed. This is a slow, but jazzy ode with light percussive accompaniment. The male and female vocals are chillingly transcendental in parts. Track 7, “El Leil, El Leil”, which means “The Night, The Night”, is a track that could be listened to night after night. Track 8, “Assalam”, which means “Peace”, is a slow, flamenco-tinged and piano infused track with male vocals longing for comfort and peace. Track 9, “Aid IstiqlaF, has a reggae-type beat that “celebrates independence”. It is also the only completely instrumental track which is quite reminiscent of popular music coming out of music clubs in Addis Ababa or Asmara. Track 10, “Ghadara”, is a musical story about “a gentle betrayal”. Male vocals and female choral additions accompany hand-clapping and ambient soundscapes on this one. Track 11 is a traditional chant, known as “Ya D aynf’. It is very similar to Mauritanian music, with female vocals accompanied by a moderately fast beat and jazzy percussion. -
Playing Fm 28 Aug Page 1 Wednesday, August 28, 2002 1:38 PM
Playing fm 28 aug Page 1 Wednesday, August 28, 2002 1:38 PM Playing with Identities in Contemporary Music in Africa Editors Mai Palmberg Annemette Kirkegaard Published by Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala 2002 in cooperation with The Sibelius Museum/Department of Musicology Åbo Akademi University, Finland Playing fm 28 aug Page 2 Wednesday, August 28, 2002 1:38 PM Indexing terms Cultural identity Music Popular culture Africa Cape Verde Ivory Coast Nigeria Senegal South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zimbabwe Cover photo: © Robert Lyons, 2001 Lágbájá, the Masked One, Nigerian musician of a new style and stage personality. Language checking: Elaine Almén Editorial assistance: Pia Hidenius @ the authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2002 ISBN 91-7106-496-6 Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 2002 Playing fm 28 aug Page 3 Wednesday, August 28, 2002 1:38 PM Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction by Annemette Kirkegaard ................................................................. 7 Christopher Waterman Big Man, Black President, Masked One Models of the Celebrity Self in Yoruba Popular Music in Nigeria ................... 19 Johannes Brusila “Modern Traditional” Music from Zimbabwe Virginia Mukwesha’s Mbira Record “Matare” .................................................. 35 Annemette Kirkegaard ”Tranzania” – A Cross-Over from Norwegian Techno to Tanzanian Taarab ............................................................................................. -
South African Music in Transition: a Flutist's Perspective
South African Music in Transition: A Flutist‘s Perspective by Liesel Margrit Deppe A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts Faculty of Music University of Toronto © Copyright by Liesel Margrit Deppe (2012) South African Music in Transition: A Flutist‘s Perspective Liesel Margrit Deppe Doctor of Musical Arts Faculty of Music University of Toronto 2012 ABSTRACT In April 1994 the citizens of South Africa found themselves in the unique position of contemplating a new national culture; one that would for the first time embrace all South Africans, regardless of race, colour or religion. Official segregation, which began in 1948, ended with the first democratic election held in1994. Cross-cultural awareness in South Africa emerged in the 1980s. Within this temporal context, this investigation will trace parallel developments in the South African classical music genre and will relate these developments to the concurrent socio-political environment. Looking specifically at music written for the flute, the selected works were composed for the flute as a solo instrument, or in combination with up to four other instruments by a cross-section of South African composers who either live in South Africa or who have South African roots. The works included in this study were composed roughly ten years before and after 1994; the purpose being to document the changes that were taking place in South African Art Music leading up to the first democratic election and during the exciting times that followed. -
September 2001 Network for Promoting Intercultural Education Through Music (NETIEM) Pan-African Society of Musicalarts Education (PASMAE) Prof
The Talking Drum .Newsletter Issue No. 16 September 2001 Network for promoting Intercultural Education through Music (NETIEM) Pan-African Society of MusicalArts Education (PASMAE) Prof. E Oehrle, School of Music, University of Natal, Durban, 404 1 South Africa Fax: +27 (3 I) 260- 1048 E-mail: [email protected] % Editor: Prof. Elizabeth Oehrle 16 Illustration for The Talking Drum: Dina Corrnick Design and production: Graphicor Editorial The Talking Drum continues Southern African n celebration of The Talking to aim to promote educatorslmusicians form IDrum's tenth year an intercultural education most of our readership (South upgrading of this publication is through musiclda.nce. It began Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, in order. Further the time is as a database and resource on Swaziland, Lesotho, Botswana right to call upon publications and people in the and 'Malawi). We also reach ethnomusicologists, and know. Gradually it evolved into Uganda, Kenya, Ghana, Gabon, others working in the field, a collection of resource the Gambia, Sierra Leone, who regard applied materials and ideas which are Nigeria, Zambia, Madagascar, ethnomusicology as important used extensively in primary, Democratic Republic of in Southern Africa to secondary and tertiary Congo, Tanzania, Scandinavia, contribute to this and future institutions throughout South the UK and USA. issues. Thus, invitations were Africa and beyond. Our thanks to Dargie, sent to key people requesting Feedback indicates that The Dlamini and Goddard. We them to share their wealth of Talking Drum's impact is took forward to submissions relevant musical knowledge positive. From South Africa: from others who regard and materials. Submissions "...may Icompliment you on applied ethnomusicology as for TheTalking Drum were The Talking Drum.