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Morphometric Status of Shrews of the Sorex Caecutiens/Shinto Group in Japan

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Title Morphometric status of shrews of the Sorex caecutiens/shinto group in Japan Author(s) Dokuchaev, Nikolai E.; Ohdachi, Satoshi; Abe, Hisashi Mammal Study, 24(2), 67-78 Citation https://doi.org/10.3106/mammalstudy.24.67 Issue Date 1999 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/44405 Type article File Information MS24-2_67-78.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Ma〃1〃zatStudy24:67-78(1999)Mammal Study 24: 67-78 (J999) ◎theMammalogicalSocietyofJapan© the Mammalogical Society of Japan MorphometricstatusofshrewsoftheSorexcaecutiens/shintoMorphometric status of shrews of the Sorex caecutienslshinto groupinJapangroup in Japan NikolaiE.Dokuchaevi,SatosbiOhdachi2andHisashiAbe3Nikolai E. Dokuchaev', Satoshi Ohdachi' and Hisashi Abel 1傭 伽'θqプ 別ologica1Proble〃2∫q〃he1>∂ 肋 IInstitute oj Biological Problems of the North.,Magadan685000,Ru∬ia Magadan 685000. Russia 21nstitute《 ～ブLow7ヒ ～〃47eratu/reSc彪nce 21nstitute oj Low Temperature Science,,.肋kkaiと10{ノ}2'vθ Hokkaido University, 摺 ∫ζソ,SapPoroO60-0819,ノOPan Sapporo 060-0819, Japan 3Katsuraoka26-17 'Kalsuraoka 26-17.,0taruO47-0264,」@α Otaru 047-0264. Japanη Abstrac重.ThemorphometricrelationshipsamongfiveoperationaltaxonomicunitsoftheAbstract. The morphometric relationships among five operational taxonomic units of the SorexSorexcaecutiens/shintogroup(Soricidae)(S.caecutiensofHokkaido,S.shintoshintoof eaeeutiens/shinto group (Soricidae) (S. eaeeutiens of Hokkaido, S. shinto shinto of HonshuHonshuincludingtheS.choueiholotype,S.s.shikokensisofShikoku,andS.s.sadonis including the S. ehouei holotype, S. s. shikokensis of Shikoku, and S. s. sadonis ofofSado)intheJapaneseIslands,wereexaminedusinguni-andmultivariateanalysesof15 Sado) in the Japanese Islands, were examined using uni- and multivariate analyses of 15 cranial,cranial,dental,andexternalcharacters.Themorphologicalanalysesshowedthattheshrew dental, and external characters. The morphological analyses showed that the shrew fromHokkaido(S.caecutiens)andthosefromHonshu,Shikoku,andSado(S.shinto)werefrom Hokkaido (S. eaeeutiens) and those from Honshu, Shikoku, and Sado (S. shinto) were exclusivelyexclusivelydifferentiated。Inparticular,thesurfacestructureofthefourthupperpremolar differentiated. In particular, the surface structure of the fourth upper premolar completelycompletelyseparatedthetwotaxa.Incontrast,S.s.sadonisfromSadocouldnotbecom- separated the two taxa. In contrast, S. s. sadonis from Sado could not be com­ pletelydistinguishedfromrelatedtaxafromHonshuandShikoku.Thusthesemorpho-pletely distinguished from related taxa from Honshu and Shikoku. Thus these morpho­ metricmetricanalysesre-confirmthatS.caecutiensofHokkaido,andS.shintofromHonshu, analyses re-confirm that S. eaeeutiens of Hokkaido, and S. shinto from Honshu, Shikoku,Shikoku,andSado,shouldbetreatedastwoseparatespecies,ashaspreviouslybeenpro- and Sado, should be treated as two separate species, as has previously been pro­ posedonthebasisofamolecularphylogeneticalstudy.posed on the basis of a molecular phylogenetical study. KeyKeywOrdS:SOreXCaeCUtienS,S.ShintO,SadOnis,ShikOkenSiS,taxOnOmy. words: Sorex caecutiens, S. shinto, sadonis, shikokensis, taxonomy. Thomas(1905,1906)describedSorexshi〃toasanewshrewspeciesfromHonshuIsland.Thomas (1905, 1906) described Sorex shinto as a new shrew species from Honshu Island. Later,hedescribedanewsubspecies,S.訪'配osaevus,fromSakhalinIslandandincludedLater, he described a new subspecies, S. shinto saevus, from Sakhalin Island and included theislandofHokkaidoinitsdistributionalrange(Thomas1907).Thomas(1907)didnotthe island of Hokkaido in its distributional range (Thomas 1907). Thomas (1907) did not find且ndanymorphologicalspeci負cdifferences,however,amongtheshrewsfromHonshu, any morphological specific differences, however, among the shrews from Honshu, Hokkaido,Hokkaido,andSakhalinIslands. and Sakhalin Islands. IntheyearssinceThomas,s(1907)study,thetaxonomictreatmentofS.shintoandotherIn the years since Thomas's (1907) study, the taxonomic treatment of S. shinto and other taxaoftheSorexcaecutiens/shintogroup(inthesenseofOhdachietal.1997a)hasvaried.taxa of the Sorex eaeeutiens/shinto group (in the sense of Ohdachi et al. I997a) has varied. BobrinskiiBobrinskiietal。(1944)treatedsomemedium-sizedshrewsfromEurasia,including8.sh'漉o et al. (1944) treated some medium-sized shrews from Eurasia, including S. shinto describedbyThomas(1907),asasinglespecies,S.macroρdescribed by Thomas (1907), as a single species, S. maeropygmaeusッgmaeusMiller,1901.Ellerman Miller, 1901. Ellerman andMorrison-Scott(1951)acceptedBobrinskiietal,s(1944)systematicconcept,buttheyand Morrison-Scott (1951) accepted Bobrinskii et aI's (1944) systematic concept, but they synonymizedεsynonymized S. 。macrOpッgmaeuswith5.caecutiensLaxmann,1788.Stroganov(1957),who maeropygmaeus with S. eaeeutiens Laxmann, 1788. Stroganov (1957), who investigatedtheshrewsfromSakhalin,Hokkaido,andthesouthernKurileIslandsingreatinvestigated the shrews from Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the southern Kurile Islands in great details,concludedthattheshrewsinHokkaidoandSakhalin,describedasS.shintosaevusdetails, concluded that the shrews in Hokkaido and Sakhalin, described as S. shinto saevus byThomas(1907),shouldbeincludedinS.caecutiens,asEllermanandMorrison-Scottby Thomas (1907), should be included in S. eaeeutiens, as Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951)did.However,withoutinspectingSorexsamplesfromHonshu,Stroganov(1957)(1951) did. However, without inspecting Sorex samples from Honshu, Stroganov (1957) 27b肋0〃1correspon伽ceshouldわeaddressed lTo whom correspondence should be addressed..E-〃2α £ ·mail: 〃'0裾@Pρ [email protected] ρ.towte〃7.乃0枷 ぬ'.αC.加 68 ルfa〃imalStudy24(1999)Mammal Study 24 (1999) consideredthattheshrewsofHonshuwereasubspeciesofε.cαec躍'ens,∫.c.∫considered that the shrews of Honshu were a subspecies of S. caeculiens, S. c. shinto.乃'nto. SinceStroganov,s(1957)investigation,therehavebeentwomainopinionsconcerningSince Stroganov's (1957) investigation, there have been two main opinions concerning thetaxonomicstatusofsh'η'ointhecaecut'ens/shintogroup.Ontheonehand,somethe taxonomic status of shinto in the caecutiensl shinto group. On the one hand, some authorshaveobjectedtothespecificrankofshinto,andhavefollowedStroganov(1957)inauthors have objected to the specific rank of shinto, and have followed Stroganov (1957) in includingitin8.cαincluding it in S. caecutiensθc〃t'ens(e.g.Bobrinskiietal.1965;Abe1967,1994;Gureev1971,1979; (e.g. Bobrinskii et aJ. 1965; Abe 1967 , 1994; Gureev 1971 , 1979; Yudin1971,1989;Corbet1978;GromovandBaranova1981;Krivosheev1984;Dolgov1985;Yudin 1971, 1989; Corbet 1978; Gromov and Baranova 1981 ; Krivosheev 1984; Dolgov 1985; Okhotina1993;Dobson1994).Furthermore,withregardtothesubspeci負cstatusoftheOkhotina 1993; Dobson (994). Furthermore, with regard to the subspecific status of the caecut'εcaecutiens η5/shintoshrewsoftheJapaneseIslandsandvicinity,Abe(1967,1994)treatedthel shinlo shrews of the Japanese Islands and vicinity, Abe (1967, 1994) treated the populationofHonshuasε.caec〃tien∬hinto,thatofShikokuas3.c.shikoke〃sis,andthatpopulation of Honshu as S. caecutiens shinto, that of Shikoku as S. c. shikokensis, and that ofHokkaidoandSakhalinassl.c.saevus.Ontheotherhand,someauthorshavebeenofof Hokkaido and Sakhalin as S. c. saevus. On the other hand, some authors have been of thetaxonomicopinionthatS.shintoshouldbeconsideredasanindependentspeciesthatthe taxonomic opinion that S. shinto should be considered as an independent species that occursinHonshu,Shikoku,andHokkaido(andSakhalin,accordingtosomeauthors)whileoccurs in Honshu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido (and Sakhalin, according to some authors) while 5.caecut'ensacrosstheEurasianContinent(andinSakhalinaccordingtosomeauthors),S. caecutiens across the Eurasian Continent (and in Sakhalin according to some authors). essentiallyfollowingThomas,s(1907)position(e.g.Imaizumi1949,1960;Sokolov1973;essentially following Thomas's (1907) position (e.g. Imaizumi 1949, 1960; Sokolov 1973; YoshiyukiandImaizumi1986;PavlinovandRossolimo1987;Hutterer1993;Pavlinovetal.Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi 1986; Pavlinov and Rossolimo 1987; Hutterer 1993; Pavlinov et aJ. 1995;WolsanandHutterer1998).Inaddition,Imaizumi(1954)described8.choueifrom1995; Wolsan and Hutterer 1998). In addition, lmaizumi (1954) described S. chouei from Honshuasanewspecies,althoughthiswaslatersynonymizedwith8.cαHonshu as a new species, although this was later synonymized with S. caeculiensθc纏 θη5(Abe1967, (Abe 1967, 1994,1996)or∫.shinto(Imaizumi1970;Hutterer1993).1994, 1996) or S. shinto (Imaizumi 1970; Hutterer 1993). TherehasbeentheadditionalcontroversyinJapanconcerningthetaxonomicstatusofThere has been the additional controversy in 1 apan concerning the taxonomic status of theSadoshrewaspartofthecαec〃tiens/shintogroup.Thistaxonwasfirstdescribedbythe Sado shrew as part of the caecutiensl shinto group. This taxon was first described by YoshiyukiandImaizumi(1986)fromSadoIsland.Whilesomeauthorstreatitasanin-Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi (1986) from Sado Island. While some authors treat it as an in­ dependentspecies,S.sad傭SYoshiyukietImaizumi,1986(e.g.Abe1994,1996;Wolsananddependent species, S. sadonis Yoshiyuki et lmaizumi, 1986 (e.g. Abe 1994, 1996; Wolsan and Hutterer1998),otherssuggestthatitshouldbeconsideredasubspeciesof3.shinto,S.5.Hutterer 1998), others suggest thai il should be considered a subspecies of S. shinto, S. s. sadonis5・adonis(Ohdachietal.1997a;Koyasu1998). (Ohdachi el aI. 1997a; Koyasu 1998). OhdachietaL(1997a)recentlyusedtheDNAsequencesofthemitochondrialcyto-Ohdachi
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    Molecular phylogeny of a newfound hantavirus in the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides) Satoru Arai*, Satoshi D. Ohdachi†, Mitsuhiko Asakawa‡, Hae Ji Kang§, Gabor Mocz¶, Jiro Arikawaʈ, Nobuhiko Okabe*, and Richard Yanagihara§** *Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; †Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan; ‡School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan; §John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813; ¶Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822; and ʈInstitute for Animal Experimentation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan Communicated by Ralph M. Garruto, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, September 10, 2008 (received for review August 8, 2008) Recent molecular evidence of genetically distinct hantaviruses in primers based on the TPMV genome, we have targeted the shrews, captured in widely separated geographical regions, cor- discovery of hantaviruses in shrew species from widely separated roborates decades-old reports of hantavirus antigens in shrew geographical regions, including the Chinese mole shrew (Anouro- tissues. Apart from challenging the conventional view that rodents sorex squamipes) from Vietnam (21), Eurasian common shrew are the principal reservoir hosts, the recently identified soricid- (Sorex araneus) from Switzerland (22), northern short-tailed shrew borne hantaviruses raise the possibility that other soricomorphs, (Blarina brevicauda), masked shrew (Sorex cinereus), and dusky notably talpids, similarly harbor hantaviruses. In analyzing RNA shrew (Sorex monticolus) from the United States (23, 24) and Ussuri extracts from lung tissues of the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) from Korea (J.-W.
  • Karyotype Evolution of Shrew Moles (Soricomorpha: Talpidae)

    Karyotype Evolution of Shrew Moles (Soricomorpha: Talpidae)

    Journal of Mammalogy, 89(6):1428–1434, 2008 KARYOTYPE EVOLUTION OF SHREW MOLES (SORICOMORPHA: TALPIDAE) SHIN-ICHIRO KAWADA,* SONG LI,YING-XIANG WANG,ORIN B. MOCK,SEN-ICHI ODA, AND KEVIN L. CAMPBELL Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan (SK) Mammalogy Division, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China (SL, Y-XW) Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA (OBM) Laboratory of Animal Management and Resources, Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan (SO) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada (KLC) The Chinese long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus) closely resembles American (Neurotrichus gibbsii) and Japanese (Dymecodon pilirostris and Urotrichus talpoides) shrew moles in size, appearance, and ecological habits, yet it has traditionally been classified either together with (viz subfamily Urotrichinae) or separately (tribe Scaptonychini) from the latter genera (tribe Urotrichini sensu lato). We explored the merit of these competing hypotheses by comparing the differentially stained karyotypes of S. fusicaudus and N. gibbsii with those previously reported for both Japanese taxa. With few exceptions, diploid chromosome number (2n ¼ 34), fundamental autosomal number (FNa ¼ 64), relative size, and G-banding pattern of S. fusicaudus were indistinguishable from those of D. pilirostris and U. talpoides. In fact, only chromosome 15 differed significantly between these species, being acrocentric in D. pilirostris, subtelocentric in U. talpoides, and metacentric in S. fusicaudus. This striking similarity is difficult to envisage except in light of a shared common ancestry, and is indicative of an exceptionally low rate of chromosomal evolution among these genera.
  • Surface Foraging in Scapanus Moles

    Surface Foraging in Scapanus Moles

    Mammalia 2017; aop Vladimir Dinets* Surface foraging in Scapanus moles DOI 10.1515/mammalia-2016-0091 species that forages underwater, underground and on the Received July 3, 2016; accepted November 29, 2016 surface (Condylura; Nowak 1999, Smith and Xie 2013). Western American moles (Scapanus) are believed Abstract: Some mole genera, including Scapanus of west- to be exclusively underground foragers (Stephens 1906 ern North America, are usually considered to be fully fos- and virtually all subsequent works), although they are sorial. I present data showing that surface foraging is used known to forage under snow in winter in colder parts of by adults of all four Scapanus species, and evidence that their range (Pedersen 1963). Regular occurrence of their such foraging is not a particularly rare behavior. Scapanus remains in owl pellets and among animals killed by moles forage on the surface when leaf litter is wet and domestic cats and dogs (Giger 1965, Maser and Brodie does not produce much noise; they also move slowly, 1966) and by other predators (see Carraway et al. 1993 for remain within a small area, and usually forage in places an overview) is interpreted as evidence of either surface with dense cover. These adaptations decrease the risk of dispersal by juveniles (Giger 1965, Verts and Carraway predation and make surface foraging behavior difficult to 2001) or movement of males seeking females (Naughton detect for human observers. Numerous unpublished and 2012). The former view is supported by the fact that almost a few published observations suggest that many, if not all skulls collected from owl and raptor pellets belong to all, species in other “fully fossorial” mole genera forage juveniles (Pedersen 1963, Giger 1965).