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Peace Building and Conflict Management in Kenya

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Johannes Michael Nebe (Ed.) “When you are riding in a train, and the train gets derailed, you are well advised to look backwards at the twisted rails to find out Peace Building and how you got to where you are, and then look ahead to find out how you now get to where you want to go. Conflict Management Johannes Michael Nebe (Ed.) For Kenyans today, it is a question of doing just that: looking to the past to determine when and where the country got derailed. Once that is determined, you must fix and adjust the rails towards the direction of peace, justice and prosperity.“ Kofi Annan ʻWe have to forgive them, and we willʼ Peace Building and Conflict Management in Kenya The cover image shows an utterly devastated woman sitting on the ground in one of the slums of Nairobi, in deep despair because she believes that her future has been irreparably destroyed. The photographer, Boniface Mwangi, expresses the affliction of many people during the post-election violence. The phrase placed in the photo originates from Mwangi Njoroge, an IDP returning to Kondoo Farm outside Burnt Forest. He was a victim of this violence and declares ‘We have to forgive them, and we will’1. The image and the statement are a reflection of the two “faces” of Kenya during this period: Despair on the one side and hope for a new beginning on the other. 1 Quotation taken from a collection of photos in “Kenya burning” (2009), page 133. Project Civil Conflict Management of the Post- Election Violence 2007/2008 in Kenya Lessons Learnt and the Way Forward Carried out by students from the Kenyatta University Nairobi/Kenya and the University of Trier/Germany (February - June 2012) Edited by Johannes Michael Nebe Trier, October 2012 1 Imprint Dr. Johannes Michael Nebe (Ed.) University of Trier/Germany Cover: Designed by Anke Stock Idea by Thomas Klöckner Layout: Thomas Klöckner, Markus Streng Postal address: University of Trier Faculty of Political Science Campus I 54286 Trier/Germany 2 Dedicated to all the people in Kenya who strive for peace, democracy and the rule of law. Those who vow to never give up to achieve these goals 3 Content Foreword........................................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................... 9 List of the participating Kenyan and German students .................................................. 11 List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................... 12 Summary...................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction................................................................................................................ 17 Methodology and schedule of the research ............................................................... 20 Reconciliation and peace are fundamental elements for development and social stability ...................................................................................................... 30 The post-election violence 2007/2008 in Kenya. What is the way forward for reconciliation and national healing for Kenyans? .......................................................... 30 Constansia A. Mumma-Martinon The roots of the post-election crisis in Kenya. Was the crisis foreseeable and inevitable? .................................................................... 45 Ralph-Michael Peters Making peace ............................................................................................................... 72 Agnes R.M. Abuom Promote peace because peace begins with you! A voice of the youth............................ 77 Alex Gitau Courage and action are prerequisites in order to bring about peace ....................... 85 Graffiti - An art form used in political revolt in Kenya ................................................. 85 Cathychristine Nanzala Keya and Johannes Michael Nebe Results of ideas and strategies of civil society organisations targeting for a more peaceful Kenya ............................................................................................................ 93 • Amani Communities Africa (ACA) ...................................................................... 93 • Amani Kibera ...................................................................................................... 97 • Chemchemi Ya Ukweli (CYU) .......................................................................... 101 • Centre for Human Rights and Democracy (CHRD) ............................................ 104 4 Interview with Ken Wafula (Founder and Executive Director of the CHRD) ..... 107 • Catholic Justice and Peace Commission (CJPC) ................................................. 110 • Coalition for Peace in Africa (COPA) ................................................................ 114 • Daima Initiatives for Peace and Development (Dipad) ....................................... 117 • Inter-Faith Action for Peace in Africa (IFAPA) .................................................. 122 • Institute for Peace and Transistion (IPT) ............................................................ 126 • Kamukunji Community Based Organisations Network (KCBO Net) .................. 130 • Kenya Land Alliance (KLA) .............................................................................. 135 The Land Question in Kenya .............................................................................. 138 • Kibera Community Justice Centre (KCJC) ......................................................... 140 • Kibera Women for Peace and Fairness ............................................................... 144 • Miss Koch ......................................................................................................... 149 • Mathare Youth Sports Association (MYSA) ...................................................... 155 • PeaceNet ............................................................................................................ 159 • Regional Partnership Resource Development (REPARED) ................................ 162 • Rural Women Peace Link (RWPL) .................................................................... 166 • Seeds of Peace in Africa (SOPA) ....................................................................... 170 • Undugu Family Kibera (UFK) ........................................................................... 174 • Usalama Reforms Forum ................................................................................... 177 • Women Empowerment Link/Women Winners Group ........................................ 181 The presentations and findings of the workshop .................................................... 186 Preliminary remarks ................................................................................................... 186 Word of greeting by H.E. Margit Hellwig-Boette ....................................................... 188 Word of greeting by Hon. Abdikadir Hussein Mohamed ............................................ 189 Presentation of the documentary “Heal the Nation” produced by Boniface Mwangi ... 192 The spirit of change - A portray of Boniface Mwangi ................................................. 193 Cathychristine Nanzala Keya and Johannes Michael Nebe 5 The role of sports in peace-building ...................................................................... 196 Kipchoge Keino A review of Kenya`s experiences in peace-building and conflict management in enhancing coordination towards the next General Election ......................................... 198 Dickson Magotsi Conflict sensitivity and effective peace practice in Kenya .......................................... 210 Millicent Otieno Is there a political will and avoid electoral violence? .................................................. 222 Helmut Danner Kenya and the ICC process: challenges and opportunities .......................................... 226 Jutta Bakonyi Workshop results of the discussion groups ............................................................. 243 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 256 References................................................................................................................. 259 Appendices ............................................................................................................... 262 Documents of the plight of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): A still ongoing dilemma for Kenya............................................................................. 262 Preliminary remarks ................................................................................................... 262 • Crisis in Kenya: land, displacement and the search for ‘durable solutions’ ......... 263 • My Experience in 2007/2008 Post-Election Violence ......................................... 272 Beatrice Kimani • BBC Interview with two ruffian Kalenjins ......................................................... 277 Personal statements of the participating Kenyan and German students ............... 279 6 Foreword Johannes Michael Nebe It is with pleasure that I present the final report of the project “Civil Conflict Management of the Post-Election Violence 2007/2008 in Kenya – Lessons Learnt and the Way forward” which we carried
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