THEPERIODICTABLE: REACTIONSAND RELATION THEPERIODICTABLE: REACTIONSAND RELATION

#3497 OPEN-CAPTIONED UNITEDLEARNING #34971996 GradeLevels:10-12 OPEN-CAPTIONED25minutes 2InstructionalGraphicsEnclosed UNITEDLEARNING 1996 GradeLevels:10-12 25minutes 2InstructionalGraphicsEnclosed DESCRIPTION Presents a comprehensive overview of the periodic table, discussing the rows and columns of the table and the significance of the squares' colors, numbers, and letters. Briefly covers the physical and chemical qualities of the members of each group of elements, from the alkaline metals to the noble gases. Highlights the importance of various groups of elements in today's industry and environment. ACADEMIC STANDARDS Subject Area: Science

· Standard: Understands basic concepts about the structure and properties of matter § Benchmark: Understands how elements are arranged in the periodic table, and how this arrangement shows repeating patterns among elements with similar properties (e.g., numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons; relation between atomic number and atomic mass) (See Instructional Goals #1, #3, #6, #7, and #8) § Benchmark: Knows how the electron configuration of atoms governs the chemical properties of an element as atoms interact with one another by transferring or sharing electrons that are furthest from the nucleus (See Instructional Goals #4 and #5) INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS 1. To explain why the elements on the periodic table are grouped in columns and rows. 2. To explain why one- or two-letter symbols are used for each element. 3. To specify what information can be derived by knowing an element’s atomic number and atomic mass. 4. To calculate the number of energy levels present in an element based on the row of the periodic table in which it is located. 5. To explain what determines the reactivity of an element. 6. To name and briefly describe the four major categories of elements. 7. To compare and contrast the general characteristics of the members of Groups 1, 2, 6, 8, 11-17, and the noble gases. 8. To account for the placement of the lanthanide and actinide series at the bottom of the periodic table. VOCABULARY 1. alkaline metals 2. alkaline earth metals 3. alloy 4. amalgams 5. AMU 6. atom 7. atomic mass 8. atomic number 9. coinage metals 10. columns 11. corrosion 12. deuterium

1 13. electron 14. elements 15. energy levels 16. families 17. gas 18. groups 19. halogens 20. isotope 21. metalloid 22. neutron 23. noble gases 24. octet 25. orbital cloud 26. organic chemistry 27. periods 28. proton 29. rows 30. semiconductors 31. transition metals BEFORE SHOWING 1. Discuss how the following groups of objects or substances can be classified: a. buttons of many sizes and colors b. paper, rock, nail, wood, glass c. sugar, salt, sand, flour, baking soda 2. Bring in materials from home and describe some of their physical properties. Include size, color, shape, texture, density, odor, taste, and solubility in water. 3. Briefly describe how Dmitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table. Display a copy of his table and discuss the reason for the gaps. 4. Distribute copies of the modern-day periodic table. a. Point out how the gaps in Mendeleev’s table have been filled. b. Briefly discuss the effective design of the modern periodic table. DURING SHOWING Discussion Items and Questions 1. View the video more than once, with one showing uninterrupted. 2. During or after the video, complete a worksheet of study questions. (See INSTRUCTIONAL GRAPHICS.) 3. Pause after each group of elements is discussed. Review the information given. AFTER SHOWING Discussion Items and Questions 1. Why are the elements on the periodic table grouped in columns and rows? 2. Why do the first three periods on the table have fewer elements than Rows 4-7? 2 3. How is the symbol for each element determined? 4. What type of information can be discovered from an element’s atomic number and atomic mass? 5. If an element’s atomic number is 6 and its atomic mass is approximately 12, how many neutrons does it have? 6. What determines the reactivity of an element? 7. Why are the alkaline metals the most reactive metals? 8. Why are the noble gases the least reactive elements? 9. What are the general characteristics of each of the following groups of elements? a. alkaline metals b. alkaline earth metals c. transition metals d. coinage metals e. zinc, cadmium, and mercury f. halogens 10. What characteristics of iron make it a widely used element? 11. Why is boron referred to as a metalloid? 12. What element in Group 14 is found in all living things? 13. Why are the noble gases considered useful and safe for a variety of applications? 14. Why are the lanthanide and actinide series placed at the bottom of the periodic table? Applications and Activities 1. Complete a crossword puzzle about the periodic table. (See INSTRUCTIONAL GRAPHICS.) 2. Create a memory game with cards, matching the symbol of an element with the name of the element. 3. Make models of atoms. a. Tack a large sheet of paper on a bulletin board. b. Draw concentric circles to represent the energy levels of the electrons. c. Use thumbtacks of three different colors to represent the neutrons, protons, and electrons. 4. Collect available elements like iron, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, magnesium, tin, zinc, carbon, and sulfur. a. Compare and classify them. b. Divide the elements into two groups: metals and nonmetals. (1) List the properties that metals have in common. (2) List some of the ways that metals differ from each other. (3) Do the same for nonmetals. 5. Design a wall-sized periodic chart for the classroom. a. Use 8 ½ by 11 paper for each element. b. Include symbol, atomic number, atomic weight, and electron configuration. 6. Use diagrams or models to illustrate isotopes. 7. Obtain a list of metals ranked in order of their reactivity. Conduct lab experiments to prove those metals above hydrogen will react with acids. 8. Incorporate math applications: a. Electrons are 1/1860 times the size of a proton or neutron. Change the fraction to a decimal to show its small relative size. b. Research isotopes of various elements. Show that the number of neutrons equals the difference between the atomic mass and the atomic number.

3 c. Write the chemical formulas of common materials, and calculate the total weight for salt, sugar, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium bicarbonate. 9. Make a computer-generated table of information about specific elements. Headings could include name, symbol and how derived, number of isotopes, common compounds, and uses. 10. Report on the global conferences that determined the symbols for the elements. a. Where were the conferences held? b. Which countries participated in them? 11. Research lab manuals to find experiments suitable for each of the groups of elements. 12. Make a computer-generated chart for the four major categories of elements. Include information such as group numbers, common qualities, compounds, and uses. 13. Research alloys and report on the most widely used ones. INSTRUCTIONAL GRAPHICS · STUDY QUESTIONS · CROSSWORD PUZZLE RELATED RESOURCES Captioned Media Program · Atom, The #3214 · Atomic Theory and Chemistry #2252 · Carbon #2361 · Chemistry at Work #3349 · Chemical Reactions #3112 · Chemistry: The Basics #3350 · Oxygen Story, The #3279 · Periodic Table, The #3281 · Water: A Fascinating Liquid #3194 · What is Chemistry? #3534 World Wide Web The following Web sites complement the contents of this guide; they were selected by professionals who have experience in teaching deaf and hard of hearing students. Every effort was made to select accurate, educationally relevant, and “kid-safe” sites. However, teachers should preview them before use. The U.S. Department of Education, the National Association of the Deaf, and the Captioned Media Program do not endorse the sites and are not responsible for their content. · PERIODICTABLE.COM http://PeriodicTable.com/

Contains instructions on how to make a 3-D periodic table.

· WEBELEMENTS http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/index.html

Contains periodic table icons to click and learn about each of the elements. Includes information such as atomic properties, compounds, uses, and nuclear properties.

4 · CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.COM http://www.chemicalelements.com/

Shows periodic tables, the names of elements, atomic weight, atomic mass, electron configuration, number of neutrons, melting point, boiling point, and date of discovery.

· PERIODIC TABLE OF COMIC BOOKS http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Chemistry/Periodic_Table_of_the_Elements/

Contains full reference comic book pages and covers involving elements. Shows how comic book heroes are influenced by chemistry.

· MODEL OF THE PERIODIC TABLE http://www.genesismission.org/educate/scimodule/cosmic/ptable.html

Contains an interactive simulation with which one can create a model of the periodic table.

5 #3497THEPERIODICTABLE:REACTIONSANDRELATIONSHIPSPage1of2 StudyQuestions 1)______arethebuildingblocksoftheuniverse.

2)Allelementshavethesamechemicalandphysicalproperties.TrueorFalse?

3)Theperiodictableisdividedinto______(howmany)squares,each representingoneoftheelements.

4)Thereare18columnsand______(howmany)rowsontheperiodictable.

5)Eachcolumnoftheperiodictablerepresentsa______or______of elementsthathavesimilarcharacteristics.

6)Thebluesquaresrepresentelementsthatare______whenintheirnaturalstate; yellowsquaresshowelementsthatare______intheirnaturalstate;orange squaresshowelementsthatare______intheirnaturalstate;andgreensquares representtheelementsthatwereartificiallycreated.

7)Howmanyelementsareliquidswhenintheirnaturalstate?2,4,6,or8?

8)Thesymbolsthatrepresenttheelementswerederivedfromtheir______and ______names.

9)Thenumberabovetheelement’ssymboliscalledits______.

10)Atomsaremadeupofthreemajorparticles:1.______2.______3.______.

11)Theatomicnumberindicatesthenumberofprotonscontainedwithinthenucleusof agivenelement.TrueorFalse?

12)Atomsareelectricallyneutralbecausetheyhavea______numberofprotons andelectrons.

13)Thenumberthatappearsbelowtheelement’slettersymbolisits______.

14)Neutronsandelectronshaveapproximatelythesamemass.TrueorFalse?

15)Brieflydefinean.isotope

16)Giveanexampleofanelementwithanisotope. #3497THEPERIODICTABLE:REACTIONSANDRELATIONSHIPSPage2of2 StudyQuestions 17)Tofindtheaveragenumberofneutronsinanatom,subtractthe______numberfromtheatomic______massnumber.

18)Eachhorizontalrowintheperiodictableisreferredtoasa______.

19)Howmanyenergylevelsdoesanatomhave?1,3,5,7,orVaries?

20)Electronsfillthelowestenergylevelsfirst.TrueorFalse?

21)Thefirstthreeperiodscalled______arenotcompletelyfilledandcontain someofthemostcommonelementsfoundonearth.Namethreeelementsfound here.

22)Definea.highlyactiveelement

23)Definean.octet

24)Thecolumnsoftheperiodictablearecalled______orfamilies.

25)Alloftheelementsthatarelistedontheperiodictablecanbedividedintofourmajor categories:1.______2.______3.______4.______

26)Asyoumovefromlefttorightontheperiodictable,themetalstendtobemore reactive.TrueorFalse?

27)ThemembersofGroup2arecalled______.

28)______isthesecondmostabundantmetalnexttoaluminum.

29)Copper,silver,andgoldarefoundinGroup______.

30)NametwoelementsfoundinGroup13.

31)______isoneofthemostimportantelementsandisfoundinallliving things.

32)Group15isthe______family.

33)Oxygenisfoundinwhichgroup?14,16,15,or17?

34)Givetwousesforsulfuricacid.

35)Thenoblegasesaretheleastreactiveofalltheelements.TrueorFalse?

36)Nameonenoblegas. #3497THEPERIODICTABLE:REACTIONSANDRELATIONSHIPS CrosswordPuzzle

ACROSS 18. Elementwithcharacteristicsofametal 3. Thehighlyreactivemembersof andnonmetal. Group17arecalled______. 19. Horizontalrowsontheperiodictable. 4. Uniquemetalthatisaliquidat roomtemperature;usedin DOWN thermostats. 1. Anenergy______canalsobe calledanorbitalcloud. 6. Oxygen,nitrogen,andhydrogen areallexamplesofa______. 2. Usedasafilamentinlightbulbs. 7. Ametalmadeupofacombination 5. Gasessuchasheliumandneon. ofothermetals. 9. Madeupofelectrons,neutrons,and 8. Theperiodictablehas7ofthese. protons. 11. Itssymbolis.Fe 10. Positivelychargedatomicparticle. 12. Elementnecessaryforcellular 13. Particlewithnocharge. respiration. 15. Themostreactivegroupofmetals. 14. Scientistshaveidentified90 different______andhave 16. Tin,lead,andaluminum. produced19moreinatomiclabs. 17. Thesecondmostabundantmetalafter aluminum. 17. Elementwithadifferentnumber ofneutrons. #3497THEPERIODICTABLE:REACTIONSANDRELATIONSHIPSANSWERSHEET