Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology Volume 34 No. 1 May 2006 FREE INQUIRY IN CREATIVE SOCIOLOGY Volume34 Number I, May 2006 SN 0736-9182 Cover design: Hobart Jackson, University of Kansas School ofArchitecture AUTHOR TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Ira Sommers & The Health and Social Consequences of Methamphetamine 003 Deborah Baskin Use Among Young Adults Marcela Raffaelli & Reducing Women's Risk of Heterosexual Transmission 015 Jill R. Brown of HIV in the U.S. Michael Duke, Wei Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Among Drug 029 Teng, Scott Clair, Using Women Hassan Saleheen, Pamela Choice, & Merrill Singer Merrill Singer A Dose of Drugs, A Touch of Violence, A Case of AIDS, 039 Part 2: Further Conceptualizing the SAVA Syndemic Byron L. Zamboanga & Applying Aspects of Problem Behavior Theory to Latino 055 Gustavo Carlo Youth: Theoretical, Methodological, and Sociocultural Considerations Sanna J. Thompson & Runaway Youth Admitted to Juvenile Detention: Factors 069 Liliane Cambraia Associated with Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use Windsor Richard C. Cervantes, Key Risk and Protective Factors Among Multi-Ethnic, 077 Ann Del Vechio, Jose Elementary Aged Children: Findings from New Mexico's Esquibel, & Tony Rey Behavioral Health Services Prevention Bureau Nickalos A. Rocha, Trauma Registries as a Potential Source for Family 087 Alberto G Mata, Jr., Violence and Other Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Alan H. Tyroch, Susan for Border Communities: Indicator Data Trends From Mclean, & Lois Blough 2000-2002 Subscriber and Author Manuscript Form 103 2 Volume 34 No. 1 May 2006 Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology MISSION: To give an efficient outlet for informative, innovative articles legible to lay readers. MANUSCRIPTS: Send three paper copies and one copy on a 3 1/2" computer disk, IBM compatible, saved in a rich text file format, use ASR guidelines. 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PUBLISHED: May and November by the Oklahoma Sociology Association and the Consortium of University Sociology Departments and Programs in the State of Oklahoma. © 2006 Oklahoma State University Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology Volume 34 No. 1 May 2006 3 THE HEALTH AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF METHAMPHETAMINE USE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS Ira Sommers, California State University, Los Angeles Deborah Baskin, California State University, Los Angeles ABSTRACT The current research analyzed the relationship between methamphetamine use and health and social o utcomes. Interviews were conducted with a sample of I 06 respondents. Virtually all of the respondents experienced negative consequences of methamphetamine use. The most serious, but least prevalent, methamphetamine-related health problems were seizures and convulsions. The most prevalent health effect was weight loss. A substantial number of respondents experienced severe psychological symptoms: depression, hallucinations, and paranoia. Of the I 06 respondents, 34.9 percent had committed violence while under the influence of methamphetamine. The data suggest that methamphetamine-based violence was more likely to occur within private domestic contexts, both family and acquaintance relationships. It is apparent from the findings that methamphetamine use heightens the risk for negative health, psychological, and social outcomes. Having said this, it is crucial to acknowledge that there was no evidence of a single, uniform career path that all chronic methamphetamine users follow. Furthermore, a significant number of sample members experienced limited or no serious social, psychological, or physical dysfunction as a result of their methamphetamine use. The use of a variety of drugs by adoles­ percent, respectively. Also during 2004, 6.2 cents and young adults continues to be an percent of high school seniors reported us­ important public health problem. Drug use ing methamphetamine within their lifetime. may have important implications for the fu­ During 2002, 11 .9 percent of college students ture health and well-being of many adoles­ and 14.8 percent of young adults (ages 19- cents and young adults as they negotiate the 28) reported using methamphetamine at transition to adulthood. Adolescents and least once during their lifetimes. young adults who use drugs may have espe­ Despite these reports indicating a greater cially high risks of developing mental or physi­ availability and consumption of methamphet­ cal problems that interfere with educational amine, little is known about the association and occupational pursuits, and which under­ of its use and health over time, particularly mine long-term life chances. during the formative stages of adolescence Although the use of certain types of drugs and young adulthood. The present research has decreased recently (National Institute on examined the inter-relationships among Drug Abuse [NIDA) & University of Michigan methamphetamine use, physical symptoms, 2005), there is evidence that methampheta­ and psychological and social well-being in a mine use is becoming more prevalent. Ac­ community sample of young adults living in cording to the National Survey on Drug Use Los Angeles. and Health (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMSHA) POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF 2005), 4.9 percent (over 12 million people) METHAMPHETAMINE USE of the U.S. population reported trying meth­ Methamphetamine is a powerfully addic­ amphetamine at least once in their lifetime. tive stimulant that dramatically affects the The highest rate of methamphetamine use central nervous system. The drug is made was among the 26 to 34 age group, with 6.7 easily in clandestine laboratories with rela­ percent reporting lifetime methamphetamine tively inexpensive over-the-counter ingredi­ use during 2002. The second highest group ents. These factors combine to make meth­ was young adults (18-25), with 5.7 percent amphetamine a drug with high potential for reporting lifetime methamphetamine use widespread abuse. The effects of metham­ during 2002. According to the 2004 Monitor­ phetamine use can include addiction, psy­ ing the Future Study (NIDA & Univeristy of chotic behavior, and brain damage. Metham­ Michigan 2005), 6. 7 percent of high school phetamine is highly addictive and users try­ seniors reported using methamphetamine ing to abstain from use may suffer withdrawal within their lifetime. Lifetime use among 8th symptoms that include depression, anxiety, and 1Oth graders was 3.5 percent and 6.1 fatigue, paranoia, aggression, and intense 4 Volume 34 No. 1 May 2006 Free Inquiry In Creative Sociology cravings for the drug (Katsumata, Sato, & experience with cocaine. Recently Perdue Kashiwade 1993). Chronic methamphet­ and colleagues (2003) studied the associa­ amine use can cause violent behavior, anxi­ tions between being high on methamphet­ ety, confusion, and insomnia. Users can also amine and engaging in risky sexual prac­ exhibit psychotic behavior including auditory tices. Their findings indicate that individuals hallucinations, mood di sturbances, delu­ high on methamphetamine were significantly sions, and paranoia, possibly resulting in more likely