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St. Elizabeth WATER SUPPLY PLANS ST. ELIZABETH 1 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 1 Introduction St. Elizabeth is located on the south western side of the Jamaica and is bordered on the east by Manchester, on the north by the parishes of Trelawny and St. James and on the west by Westmoreland; the Caribbean Sea forms the southern boundary of the parish. St. Elizabeth has a diverse terrain, with deserted beaches all along the southern coastline, with fishing villages and small sandy coves hidden among the rocks; the southern border of the Cockpit Country lies to the north of the parish, with the Santa Cruz range falling away sharply to the semi-arid savannah of the Pedro Plain. The principal towns are Lacovia, Santa Cruz, Newmarket, Siloah, Malvern and Maggotty. On the northern boundary of the parish is Accompong, a Maroon settlement. The bauxite/alumina industry has played a major role in the economic activity of the parish. It has a deep water pier at port Kaiser, located near Alligator Pond, where alumina and bauxite are exported. The Alpart alumina refinery is located at Nain in the parish and is the largets alumina plant in the island. Apart from bauxite mining, the parish also produces a large quantity of Jamaica's sugar; there are two sugar factories in the parish - . St. Elizabeth is known for its farming activities and is called the “feeding basket” of Jamaica. The parish also cultivates crops such as cassava, corn, peas, beans, pimento, ginger, tobacco, tomato, rice sweet potatoes and coffee. As a result of the fertile soil that provide for grazing fields, pastoralism is possible. Livestock include goats, sheep, hogs, and cattle, horses. Fishing is a major industry in the parish, as is tomato canning; a plant is at Bull Savannah The parish has become a notable tourist destination since the 1990s, with most visitors going to the Treasure Beach area. The Appleton rum distillery, near Cockpit Country in the north of the parish, is also a tourist destination. Ecological tourism along the Black and YS rivers, and in the Great Morass has been developed in recent years National Water Commission (NWC) produces some 380 million gallons of water per month in St. Elizabeth through twenty (21) wells and six (6) surface sources. The average billed volume is only 54 million gallons per month which translates to an average non-revenue water (NRW) of 326 million gallons per month i.e. 86% of production. This unacceptable level of NRW has had an adverse impact on the level of service provided to the people of the parish and on its financial performance and that of NWC. NWC now provides water to some 50% of the population in St. Elizabeth, which is a marginal improvement over that in 2001 when the level of coverage was 44%. The reliability of service to those who are served by NWC is estimated to average 16 hours per day. 2 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 A Water Supply Improvement plan has been prepared for the parish and is presented in this document. The WSIP for the parish will involve an expenditure of $6.15b over the next five years in carrying out a number of water supply rehabilitation and upgrading works. A substantial portion of the proposed works is aimed at addressing the unacceptable level of NRW through the replacement of major sections of the aged and undersized water supply infrastructure and improvement in water supply pressure management. It is planned to increase water supply coverage to xx% of the parish population by end 2015 and service reliability to 22 hours per day at that time. 2 Existing Water Supply System 2.1 Water Resource Surface Water Some 10% of the water abstracted in the parish is obtained from surface sources. The following are the main surface sources in the parish: Black River Y. S. River South Elim River Wallywash Pond The Black River is a Ground Water There is a significant amount of groundwater available in the alluvial aquifers in St. Elizabeth. An enormous quantity of brackish to saline water is available in the limestone aquifers west of Nain. 2.2 Water Supply Systems The parish of St. Elizabeth is supplied with potable water from 21 wells, with a combined average output of 13.2 mgd. This accounts for 94% of the total average water production for the parish. The major wells in the parish are The combined reliable yield from the six surface sources is 0.9 mgd. 3 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 The water supply network throughout the parish is aged and undersized, contributing to unacceptable level of service there. Information on the water supply network is summarized in table 2.1 below. Figure 2.1 – St. Elizabeth Water Supply 4 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 Table 2.1 – Summary Information on St. Elizabeth Pipe Network PIPE Total Length Portion of DIAMETER (km) Total 1/2 inch 0.83 0.06% 3/4 inch 2.41 0.19% 1 inch 59.15 4.62% 1.5 inch 35.97 2.81% 2 inch 368.33 28.78% 3 inch 265.73 20.76% 4 inch 349.92 27.34% 6 inch 107.59 8.41% 8 inch 54.48 4.26% 10 inch 14.99 1.17% 12 inch 15.14 1.18% 14 inch 2.11 0.16% 20 inch 3.30 0.26% TOTAL 1,280 Total length of the transmission and distribution pipelines in the parish is 1,280 km, with over 75% being 2 inches, 3inches and 4 inches or 4 inches. Pipes less than 4 inches are mainly made of galvanized iron pipes and are over 40 years old and are badly encrusted and corroded in sections. The larger sized pipes are made of either cast iron or asbestos cement.. 3 NON-REVENUE WATER LEVELS Set out in figure 3.1 is the annual water balance for St. Elizabeth. This was derived from the water balances that were prepared for each of the water supply systems in the parish. The water balances are based on flow measurements that were conducted at sections of the water supply network and examinations of customer records. NWC water production facilities provide approximately 20.79 M cubic meters of water per year to the water supply network in St. Elizabeth i.e. 4,573.8 M gallons per year. Physical losses amount to 13.13 M cubic meters (2,888.6M gallons) per year. This represents 63% of the amount produced. Revenue water in the parish is only 2.95M cubic meters which is only 14% of the water produced. 5 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 It would be noted that 4.58M cubic meters of water is attributed to unauthorized consumption (i.e. 22% of production). This is largely due to illegal connections to some of the cross country transmission pipelines to obtain water for irrigation. 6 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 Figure 3.1 – Water Balance for St. Elizabeth Water Balance in m3/year Billed Metered Consumption Billed Authorized 2,710,890 m3/year Home Consumption Revenue Water 2,946,621 m3/year Billed Unmetered Consumption 2,946,621 m3/year Authorized 235,731 m3/year Consumption 2,946,621 m3/year Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Authorized 0 m3/year Error Margin [+/-]: Consumption 0.0% 0 m3/year Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Error Margin [+/-]: 0 m3/year System Input Volume 0.0% Error Margin [+/-]: 0.0% Unauthorized Consumption 20,789,917 m3/year 4,584,781 m3/year Error Margin [+/-]: Commercial Losses Error Margin [+/-]: 25.0% Non-Revenue Water 5.0% 4,713,236 m3/year Customer Meter Inaccuracies and Data Handling Errors 17,843,296 m3/year Error Margin [+/-]: 128,455 m3/year Water Losses 24.3% Error Margin [+/-]: 3.0% Error Margin [+/-]: 5.8% 17,843,296 m3/year Error Margin [+/-]: Physical Losses 5.8% 13,130,060 m3/year Error Margin [+/-]: 11.8% 7 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 4 Water Requirement 4.1 Parish Population General In 2001 the population in St. Elizabeth was 146,400, which was a 0.05% increase over the 145,650 in 1991. Based on an annual population growth rate of 0.05%, it is estimated that the population in the parish in 2010 is 147,060 persons. There were 40,934 households in 2001 of which 18,055 had piped water (44%). There are now 22,089 customer accounts of which some 20,764 are domestic accounts. Based on this information, it is estimated there was a 15% increase in the number of dwellings with piped since 2001, an average annual increase of 1.5%. It is estimated that 50% of the population of the parish now has piped water. Demand Centres The enumeration districts (EDs) that were used in the 2001 population census were used to establish priority areas that will be targeted to be provided with water supply. EDs with population densities in excess of 150 persons per square kilometres were grouped to form these demand centres. Figure 4.1 – Demand Centres 8 Draft St. Elizabeth WS PPLan – October 12 2011 Pipeline TYPES OF DATA Subdivision Enumeration District (ED) - Population Data WATER DEMAND CENTRES Light Blue Shaded EDs Pump -Pop > 150p/sq Km Station -Priority given to fully supply As far as possible, each demand centre (DC) is linked to a water supply system. It is related to a water distribution system that now serves it or has the potential to serve by it.
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