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Tempalte Untuk Menulis Di Jurnal Penelitian eISSN 2407-7860 Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea (2020) 9(1), 31-42 pISSN 2302-299X Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea Akreditasi LIPI: 764/AU1/P2MI-LIPI/10/2016 Akreditasi KEMENRISTEKDIKTI: 36b/E/KPT/2016 www.jurnal.balithutmakassar.org STATUS TINGKAT KETERANCAMAN KOLEKSI TUMBUHAN BERDASARKAN IUCN RED LIST DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS (Current Status of Threatened Plant Collections in Cibodas Botanical Garden Based on IUCN Red List) Vandra Kurniawan1*, Dwinda Mariska Putri1, and Muhammad Imam Surya1,2 1Cibodas Botanical Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, PO Box 19 Sindanglaya, Cianjur-West Java, Indonesia 43253 2Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No.13, Bogor-West Java, Indonesia 16122 Article Info ABSTRAK Article History: Salah satu tugas dari Kebun Raya Cibodas (KRC) adalah untuk melakukan konservasi Received 25 November tumbuhan Indonesia. Tugas tersebut dilaksanakan dengan memelihara dan menambah 2019; received in revised koleksi tumbuhan terancam punah yang terdaftar di dalam IUCN Red List. Tujuan form 24 February 2020; penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan inventarisasi koleksi tumbuhan terancam punah accepted 24 February yang terdapat di KRC berdasarkan daftar IUCN Red List, serta melakukan verifikasi dan 2020. pemutakhiran status koleksi tumbuhan terancam di KRC. Inventarisasi dilakukan dengan Available online since menarik data dari situs SINDATA milik KRC, kemudian melakukan inspeksi lapangan 31 March 2020 koleksi tumbuhan terancam yang ada di dalam KRC, serta studi literatur mengenai status tumbuhan terancam punah. Hasil inventarisasi menunjukkan koleksi tumbuhan terancam Kata Kunci: punah di KRC sebanyak 86 jenis, yaitu 13 jenis Critically Endangered (CR), 39 jenis IUCN Red List, Kebun Endangered (EN), dan 34 jenis Vulnerable (VU). Kategori Critically Endangered (CR) terdiri Raya Cibodas, Tumbuhan dari 8 suku, 10 marga dan 13 jenis. Kategori Endangered (EN) terdiri dari 17 suku, 34 terancam punah marga dan 39 jenis. Kategori Vulnerable (VU) terdiri dari 27 suku, 28 marga dan 34 jenis. Jenis terbanyak yang dikoleksi oleh KRC berasal dari marga Nepenthes, yaitu 14 jenis. KRC berhasil mengoleksi 40 jenis tumbuhan terancam punah asli Indonesia. Jenis asli Indonesia terbanyak berasal dari suku Dipterocarpaceae, yaitu 7 jenis. Tujuh jenis tersebut memiliki status keterancaman tinggi, yaitu 3 jenis CR dan 4 jenis EN. Keywords: ABSTRACT IUCN Red List, Cibodas Botanical Garden, One of the main task of Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) is to conserve the Indonesian plants Threatened plant species. Moreover, the preservation and enrichment of threatened plant collections based on IUCN red list categories became an important programme for plants conservation in CBG. The aims of this study are to inventory threatened plant collections and to review the status How to cite this article: of CBG threatened plant collections. List of threatened plant collections was gathered from Kurniawan, V., Putri, D., & SINDATA, a system developed by CBG. The collection, was reviewed by inspecting current Surya, M. (2020). Current collections in CBG. Literature study was done to review the conservation status of the Status of Threatened Plant threatened plant collections. The conservation status was checked in IUCN red list website. Collections in Cibodas The results shown that CBG had collected 86 species of threatened plants, which is 13 Botanical Garden Based on Critically Endangered (CR) species, 39 Endangered (EN) species, and 34 Vulnerable (VU) IUCN Red List. Jurnal species. Critically endangered category consists of 13 species belong to 8 families and 10 Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, 9(1), 31-42. doi: genus. Endangered category consists of 39 species belong to 17 families and 34 genus. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330 Vulnerable category consists of 34 species belong to 27 families and 28 genus. The largest /jwallacea.2020.vol9iss1pp collections of threatened species was genus Nepenthes, which is 16% (14 species) from the 31-42 total threatened species in CBG.. Furthermore, CBG had succeeded in collecting 40 species of Indonesian native plants in which Dipterocarpaceae species were dominate the collection with 7 species. These species are listed as critically endangered (3 species) and endangered (4 species). *Corresponding author. Tel/Fax: +62 263512233 E-mail address: [email protected] (V. Kurniawan) http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2020.vol9iss1pp31-42 ©JPKW-2020. Open access under CC BY-NC-SA license Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea Vol. 9 No.1, Maret 2020: 31 - 42 I. PENDAHULUAN status keterancaman tersebut bersifat dinamis, Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman sehingga dapat berubah dari tahun sebelumnya. tumbuhan sangat tinggi. Persebaran tumbuhan di Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan proses Indonesia terbagi dalam tiga wilayah, yaitu pembaharuan data mengenai status tersebut. Dataran Sunda meliputi pulau Sumatra, Jawa, Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk inventarisasi koleksi Kalimantan dan Bali, daerah peralihan (Wallacea) tumbuhan terancam terdaftar IUCN Red List yang meliputi Sulawesi, Maluku dan Nusa Tenggara, terdapat di KRC, serta melakukan verifikasi dan dan Dataran Sahul meliputi Papua dan pemutakhiran status koleksi tumbuhan terancam pulau-pulau kecil di sekitarnya (Kusmana & di KRC. Hikmat, 2017). Dataran Sunda memiliki 25.000 jenis tumbuhan, dengan jenis endemik 15.000 II. METODE PENELITIAN sehingga masuk dalam kategori biodiversity hotspot. Wallaceae memiliki 15.000 jenis A. Waktu dan Lokasi tumbuhan, 1.500 jenis merupakan jenis endemik Kegiatan pembaruan data koleksi tumbuhan (Myers et al., 2000). Dataran Sahul memiliki 2.766 terancam dilakukan pada bulan April sampai jenis tumbuhan, 1.489 jenis merupakan jenis dengan Oktober 2019. Proses inventarisasi dan endemik. Dataran Sahul memiliki persentase jenis verifikasi dilakukan pada seluruh koleksi Kebun endemik terbesar. Hal ini dikarenakan wilayahnya Raya Cibodas yang telah tercatat dalam Sistem yang terisolir sehingga mempunyai jumlah jenis Data Tanaman (SINDATA), baik koleksi kebun endemik yang tinggi (van Welzen & Slik, 2009). maupun di dalam rumah kaca. Kekayaan jenis tumbuhan Indonesia menurun sangat cepat akibat kehilangan habitat, B. Koleksi Data eksploitasi berlebih, faktor biologi, dan faktor Data awal tumbuhan terancam koleksi KRC alam (Budiharta et al., 2011). Kehilangan habitat dikoleksi dari SINDATA, yaitu sebuah sistem data merupakan masalah global yang menjadi salah terintegrasi yang dikembangkan oleh Kebun Raya satu penyebab utama kepunahan jenis (Maunder Cibodas. Data yang didapatkan adalah daftar et al., 2001). Habitat dengan laju kerusakan paling nama tumbuhan terancam dan kategori cepat adalah hutan hujan tropis. Laju kehilangan keterancaman. Jumlah spesies yang dikumpulkan hutan tidak diikuti dengan upaya konservasi dan sebanyak 82 jenis, jenis tersebut kemudian penelitian mengenai jenis yang telah hilang saat ditambahkan dari laporan tentang daftar pembukaan lahan (Brummitt et al., 2015). Lebih tumbuhan terancam punah di Kebun Raya lanjut, IUCN Red List mencatat jenis tumbuhan dan Cibodas (Muhaimin, 2019) sebanyak 4 jenis hewan yang terancam punah di dunia. Daftar ini sehingga total terdapat 86 jenis tumbuhan dibuat sebagai database jenis yang terancam terancam. punah (Rodrigues et al., 2006). Penentuan status Koleksi data lapangan dilakukan dengan cara keterancaman suatu jenis dalam IUCN Red List inspeksi lapangan, yaitu meninjau keberadaan dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa informasi, tumbuhan di KRC, mencatat jenis tumbuhan yang meliputi informasi taksonomi, wilayah sebaran, mati, kesesuaian pal nama dan nomor koleksi, tren populasi, faktor ancaman, kegunaan dan serta pengambilan gambar koleksi tumbuhan. informasi lainnya yang dibutuhkan untuk Studi literatur dilakukan untuk menentukan mengkonservasi jenis tersebut (Vié et al., 2008). status konservasi tumbuhan terbaru di dalam Kebun Raya sebagai lembaga konservasi IUCN Red List, memperbaiki dan menentukan asal ex-situ yang melakukan kegiatan konservasi dan distribusi koleksi tumbuhan terancam punah di reintroduksi tumbuhan terancam punah memiliki KRC. Penentuan status terbaru keterancaman peran yang sangat penting dalam mencegah dilihat dari situs IUCN kepunahan terhadap keanekaragaman hayati (https://www.iucnredlist.org/). Distribusi dan (Heywood, 2011). Penurunan keanekaragaman klasifikasi koleksi tumbuhan ditentukan dari situs hayati Indonesia perlu dicegah dan diperlambat Kew Science (http://wcsp.science.kew.org), dan lajunya agar tidak terjadi kepunahan. Kebun Raya situs Global Biodiversity Information Facility Cibodas (KRC) sebagai lembaga konservasi (https://www.gbif.org/en/). Data yang telah tumbuhan telah mengoleksi dan memelihara diverifikasi dan dikelompokkan, kemudian berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang terancam punah di dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam habitat aslinya. Koleksi tumbuhan di dalam kebun bentuk tabel maupun grafik. raya digunakan untuk kepentingan penelitian, konservasi serta ekowisata. Tumbuhan terancam III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN yang dikoleksi oleh KRC adalah jenis yang Total koleksi tumbuhan di KRC (2019) memiliki status keterancaman Kritis (Critically berjumlah 337 suku, 2.401 jenis, dan 13.760 Endangered/CR), Genting (Endangered/EN), dan spesimen tumbuhan (SINDATA KRC, 2019) Rawan/Rentan (Vulnerable/VU). Penentuan Berdasarkan data awal yang dikumpulkan 32 Status Tingkat Keterancaman Koleksi Tumbuhan Berdasarkan IUCN Red List ... Vandra Kurniawan
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