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Cactaceae) Ve Výuce Biologie Na Středních Školách

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Cactaceae) Ve Výuce Biologie Na Středních Školách UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI PŘÍRODOVĚDĚCKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA BOTANIKY Čeleď kaktusovité (Cactaceae) ve výuce biologie na středních školách DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Bc. Adéla Gorová Biologie N1501, Biologie – Geografie Prezenční studium Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Martina Oulehlová, Ph.D. Olomouc 2020 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že předložená práce je mým původním autorským dílem, které jsem vypracovala samostatně. Veškerou literaturu a další zdroje, z nichž jsem při zpracování čerpala, v práci řádně cituji a jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. V Olomouci dne . Adéla Gorová Poděkování Mé poděkování patří vedoucí bakalářské práce Mgr. Martině Oulehlové, Ph. D. za odborné vedení, ochotu a čas, který mi v průběhu vypracovávání diplomové práce věnovala. Dále poděkování patří Ing. Heleně Šupové, Ing. Zdeňku Šupovi a Ing. Pavlu Součkovi za poskytnutí materiálů a umožnění vstupu do Kaktusového skleníku Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s., a také Nikol Kaletové za odbornou korekci abstraktu přeloženého do angličtiny. Poděkování patří také projektům IGA-Prf- 2018-001 a IGA-Prf-2019-004. BIBLIOGRAFICKÁ IDENTIFIKACE Jméno a příjmení: Bc. Adéla Gorová Název práce: Čeleď kaktusovité (Cactaceae) ve výuce biologie na středních školách Typ práce: Diplomová práce Pracoviště: Katedra botaniky, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Martina Oulehlová, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2020 Abstrakt: Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou výuky čeledi kaktusovitých (Cactaceae) na středních školách. Teoretická část práce je zaměřena na praktický význam, využití, zajímavosti a specifika čeledi Cactaceae. Dále na charakteristiku Kaktusového skleníku Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s., rozmístění zástupců kaktusů ve skleníku a charakteristiku pěstovaných zástupců kaktusů. Praktická část je zaměřena na tvorbu přehledného systému čeledi Cactaceae pro výuku studentů na středních školách, na přípravu přehledu pěstovaných zástupců kaktusů a na vytvoření komplexní přípravy pro realizaci exkurze pedagoga se studenty do sbírkového Kaktusového skleníku Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s. Praktická část poskytuje srovnání učebnic z pohledu obsahu informací o čeledi Cactaceae, bezpečnostní list a návratku a také další navržené aktivizační metody použitelné při výuce problematiky kaktusů. Součástí podkladů k realizaci exkurze je pracovní list včetně autorského řešení, který studenti samostatně vyplní během interaktivní exkurze a který je sestaven tak, aby získali potřebné znalosti a dovednosti. V příloze je průvodce Kaktusovým skleníkem v elektronické podobě (prezentace Microsoft PowerPoint), který je jedním z podkladů pro teoretickou přípravu pedagoga. Výsledky poskytují pedagogům veškeré podklady potřebné pro realizaci exkurze v Kaktusovém skleníku Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s. a mohou tak významně přispět ke zjednodušení a zefektivnění výuky často opomíjené zajímavé čeledi kaktusovitých. Klíčová slova: výuka tématu kaktusovitých, Kaktusový skleník, čeleď Cactaceae, exkurze, pracovní list Počet stran: 176 Počet příloh: 1 Jazyk: Český BIBLIOGRAPHICAL IDENTIFICATION Author's name and surname: Bc. Adéla Gorová Title of thesis: The Cactaceae family in teaching biology at secondary schools Type of thesis: Diploma thesis Department: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc Supervisor: Mgr. Martina Oulehlová, Ph.D. The presentation year: 2020 Abstract: The thesis deals with teaching the topic of Cactaceae family at secondary schools. The theoretical part is focused on practical importance, utilization, interesting facts and specifics of the Cactaceae family. Furthermore, the theoretical part concentrates on the characteristics of the Cactus Greenhouse at Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s., the arrangement of the representatives of cacti in the greenhouse and also the characteristics of the representatives of cacti cultivated there. The practical part focuses on creating a well-arranged system of the Cactaceae family for educational purposes at secondary schools, on preparing an overview of the cultivated representatives of cacti and creating a comprehensive preparation for the excursion of a teacher and his students to the Cactus Greenhouse at Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s. The practical part provides a comparison of textbooks in terms of the information on the Cactaceae family, a safety information sheet and an excursion approval form, as well as other activating methods useful for teaching the topic of cacti. The materials for the excursion include a worksheet which is meant to be completed by each student independently. The key to the exercises is also available. The worksheet is designed to provide students with necessary knowledge and skills. In the appendix, there is an electronic guide to the Cactus Greenhouse (a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation), this being part of the materials for the theoretical preparation of the teacher. The output of the thesis are comprehensive materials which provide teachers with all the necessary information about the excursion to the Cactus Greenhouse at Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s. The materials can also make a significant contribution to simplifying and streamlining the teaching of an often neglected but interesting cactus family. Keywords: teaching the topic of the Cactaceae family, Cactus Greenhouse, the Cactaceae family, excursion, worksheet Number of pages: 176 Number of appendices: 1 Language: Czech OBSAH OBSAH .................................................................................................................................8 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZKRATEK ............................................................................... 10 ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................. 12 CÍLE PRÁCE .................................................................................................................... 13 1 LITERÁRNÍ PŘEHLED ........................................................................................... 14 1.1 Praktický význam a využití čeledi Cactaceae ............................................... 14 1.1.1 Využití kaktusů jako zdroj potravy a nápojů ........................................... 15 1.1.2 Využití v kosmetice .................................................................................... 16 1.1.3 Využití léčivých účinků v medicíně .......................................................... 20 1.1.4 Kaktusy jako zdroj halucinogenních látek .............................................. 20 1.2 Další zajímavosti a specifika čeledi Cactaceae ............................................ 22 1.2.1 Anatomie zástupců čeledi Cactaceae ..................................................... 22 1.2.1.1 Vegetativní orgány.................................................................................. 22 1.2.1.2 Generativní orgány ................................................................................. 24 1.2.2 Morfologie zástupců čeledi Cactaceae ................................................... 25 1.2.2.1 Vegetativní orgány.................................................................................. 25 1.2.2.2 Generativní orgány ................................................................................. 27 1.2.3 Ekologie kaktusů ........................................................................................ 28 1.2.4 Srovnání C3, C4 a CAM metabolismu .................................................... 29 1.3 Charakteristika Kaktusového skleníku Výstaviště Flora Olomouc, a.s. .... 32 1.3.1 Rozmístění zástupců kaktusů ve skleníku ............................................. 36 1.3.2 Přehled vybraných zástupců kaktusů ..................................................... 39 2 METODIKA ............................................................................................................... 88 2.1 Tvorba přehledného systému čeledi Cacataceae pro studenty SŠ .......... 88 2.2 Tvorba přehledu pěstovaných zástupců kaktusů ......................................... 89 2.3 Vytvoření komplexní přípravy pro realizace exkurze pedagoga se studenty do Kaktusového skleníku ............................................................................................ 90 2.3.1 Analýza středoškolských učebnic ............................................................ 90 2.3.2 Vytvoření bezpečnostního listu a návratky............................................. 91 2.3.3 Vytvoření komplexní písemné přípravy pro realizaci exkurze............. 91 2.3.4 Tvorba průvodce Kaktusovým skleníkem formou prezentace v programu Microsoft PowerPoint............................................................................. 91 2.3.5 Tvorba pracovního listu ............................................................................. 92 2.3.6 Realizace exkurze ...................................................................................... 92 2.4 Navržení dalších metod a organizačních forem výuky ................................ 93 3 VÝSLEDKY ............................................................................................................... 94 3.1 Zjednodušený systém čeledi Cactaceae pro potřeby SŠ biologie ............ 94 3.2 Přehled pěstovaných zástupců kaktusů ........................................................ 96 3.3 Srovnání učebnic ............................................................................................... 97 3.4 Bezpečnostní list a návratka ...........................................................................
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