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Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities
University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2013 Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities Mark Berrios-Ayala University of Central Florida Part of the Legal Studies Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Berrios-Ayala, Mark, "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities" (2013). HIM 1990-2015. 1519. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1519 BRAVE NEW WORLD RELOADED: ADVOCATING FOR BASIC CONSTITUTIONAL SEARCH PROTECTIONS TO APPLY TO CELL PHONES FROM EAVESDROPPING AND TRACKING BY THE GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE ENTITIES by MARK KENNETH BERRIOS-AYALA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in Legal Studies in the College of Health and Public Affairs and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2013 Thesis Chair: Dr. Abby Milon ABSTRACT Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. -
I,St=-Rn Endorsedb~ Chief, Policy, Information, Performance, and Exports
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE NSA/CSS POLICY 2-4 Issue Date: IO May 20 I 9 Revised: HANDLING OF REQUESTS FOR RELEASE OF U.S. IDENTITIES PURPOSE AND SCOPE This policy, developed in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Defense, implements Intelligence Community Policy Guidance I 07 .1 , "Requests for Identities of U.S. Persons in Disseminated Intelligence Reports" (Reference a), and prescribes the policy, procedures, and responsibilities for responding to a requesting entity, other than NSA/CSS, for post-publication release and dissemination of masked US person idenlity information in disseminated serialized NSA/CSS reporting. This policy applies exclusively to requests from a requesting entity, other than NSA/CSS, for post-publication release and dissemination of nonpublic US person identity information that was masked in a disseminated serialized NSA/CSS report. This policy does not apply in circumstances where a U.S. person has consented to the dissemination of communications to, from, or about the U.S. person. This policy applies to all NSA/CSS personnel and to all U.S. Cryptologic System Government personnel performing an NSA/CSS mission. \ This policy does not affect any minimization procedures established pursuant to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (Reference b), Executive Order 12333 (Reference £), or other provisions of law. This policy does not affect the requirements established in Annex A, "Dissemination of Congressional Identity Information," of Intelligence Community Directive 112, "Congressional Notification" (Reference d). ~A General, U.S. Army Director, NSA/Chief, CSS i,st=-rn Endorsedb~ Chief, Policy, Information, Performance, and Exports NSA/CSS Policy 2-4 is approved for public release. -
Utah Data Center, As Well As Any Search Results Pages
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE FORT GEORGE G. MEADE, MARYLAND 20755-6000 FOIA Case: 84688A 2 May 2017 JOHN GREENEWALD Dear Mr. Greenewald : This responds to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request of 14 June 2016 for Intellipedia pages on Boundless Information and/or BOUNDLESS INFORMANT and/or Bull Run and/or BULLRUN and/or Room 641A and/ or Stellar Wind and/ or Tailored Access Operations and/ or Utah Data Center, as well as any search results pages. A copy of your request is enclosed. As stated in our previous response, dated 15 June 2016, your request was assigned Case Number 84688. For purposes of this request and based on the information you provided in your letter, you are considered an "all other" requester. As such, you are allowed 2 hours of search and the duplication of 100 pages at no cost. There are no assessable fees for this request. Your request has been processed under the FOIA. For your information, NSA provides a service of common concern for the Intelligence Community (IC) by serving as the executive agent for Intelink. As such, NSA provides technical services that enable users to access and share information with peers and stakeholders across the IC and DoD. -
Ensuring Language Capability in the Intelligence Community What Factors Affect the Best Mix of Military, Civilians, and Contractors?
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and EDUCATION AND THE ARTS decisionmaking through research and analysis. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service INFRASTRUCTURE AND of the RAND Corporation. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY Support RAND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Purchase this document TERRORISM AND Browse Reports & Bookstore HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation technical report series. Reports may include research findings on a specific topic that is limited in scope; present discussions of the methodology employed in research; provide literature reviews, survey instru- ments, modeling exercises, guidelines for practitioners and research professionals, and supporting documentation; or deliver preliminary findings. All RAND reports un- dergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity. -
The Role of European States in Us Drone Strikes
DEADLY ASSISTANCE: THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN STATES IN US DRONE STRIKES Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2018 Cover: Women walk past a graffiti, denouncing strikes by US drones in Yemen, painted Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed on a wall in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. © REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2018 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: ACT 30/8151/2018 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 METHODOLOGY 10 1. THE US LETHAL DRONE PROGRAMME: A CONTROVERSIAL AND SECRET HISTORY 11 2. THE US LETHAL DRONE PROGRAMME UNDER THE OBAMA AND TRUMP ADMINISTRATIONS 14 3. US DRONE STRIKES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 21 4. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON ASSISTANCE 28 5. ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM 36 6. -
Uk-Menwith-Hill-Lifting-The-Lid.Pdf
Lifting the lid on Menwith Hill... The Strategic Roles & Economic Impact of the US Spy Base in Yorkshire A Yorkshire CND Report 2012 About this report... Anyone travelling along the A59 to Skipton demonstrations, court actions and parliamentary cannot fail to notice the collection of large white work. Similar issues have been taken up by spheres spread over many acres of otherwise various members of the UK and European green fields just outside Harrogate. Some may Parliaments but calls for further action have know that these ‘golfballs’, as they are often been smothered by statements about concerns called, contain satellite receiving dishes, but few for security and the importance of counter will know much more than that. In fact, it’s terrorism. extremely difficult to find out very much more because this place – RAF Menwith Hill – is the However, it is not the purpose of this report to largest secret intelligence gathering system write a history of the protest movement around outside of the US and it is run, not by the RAF the base. The object was originally to investigate (as its name would suggest) but by the National the claims made by the US and UK govern- Security Agency of America. ments of the huge financial benefits (rising to over £160 million in 2010) that the base brings Such places always attract theories about what to the local and wider communities. In doing so, they are involved in and Menwith Hill is no it was necessary to develop a clearer under- exception – but over the years it has also been standing of what the base does, how it operates the subject of careful investigation and analysis and how much national and local individuals, by a number of individuals and groups. -
National Security Agency/Central Security Service
Description of document: National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) United States Cryptologic History, Special Series Crisis Collection Volume 2, The Suez Crisis: A Brief Comint History, 1988 Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP) appeal 2013 ISCAP release date: 05-March-2018 Posted date: 14-May-2018 Source of document: Mandatory Declassification Review Request National Security Agency NSC/CSS MDR Appeal Authority DJ5 National Security Agency 9800 Savage Road STE 6881 Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-6881 The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel EXECUTIVE SECRETARY MEMBERS c/o Infonnation Security Oversight Office 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, N .W., Room 100 Mark A. -
Dodi 8523.01, "Communications Security," January 6, 2021
DOD INSTRUCTION 8523.01 COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY Originating Component: Office of the DoD Chief Information Officer Effective: January 6, 2021 Releasability: Cleared for public release. Available on the Directives Division Website at https://www.esd.whs.mil/DD/. Reissues and Cancels: DoD Instruction 8523.01, “Communications Security (COMSEC),” April 22, 2008 Approved by: Dana Deasy, DoD Chief Information Officer Purpose: In accordance with the authority in DoD Directive 5144.02, DoD Instruction 8500.01, and the Committee on National Security Systems Policy (CNSSP) No. 1, this issuance establishes policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides procedures for managing communications security (COMSEC). DoDI 8523.01, January 6, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION .............................................................................. 3 1.1. Applicability. .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Policy. ............................................................................................................................... 3 SECTION 2: RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................................... 4 2.1. DoD Chief Information Officer (DoD CIO). .................................................................... 4 2.2. Director, Defense Information Systems Agency. ............................................................. 4 2.3. Director, Defense Counterintelligence -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 112 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 112 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 158 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 31, 2012 No. 115 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was appoint the Honorable CHRISTOPHER A. significant, are down, and it is a cha- called to order by the Honorable CHRIS- COONS, a Senator from the State of Dela- otic place. There are 600 million people TOPHER A. COONS, a Senator from the ware, to perform the duties of the Chair. in India who are without electricity. State of Delaware. DANIEL K. INOUYE, As we have been told time and time President pro tempore. again, the most important issue we PRAYER Mr. COONS thereupon assumed the have facing this country today for se- The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- chair as Acting President pro tempore. curity is cyber. We have been told that fered the following prayer: f by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and by the head of the CIA. We have been told Let us pray. RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY Creator God, who has nurtured us that by Democrats and Republicans. It LEADER throughout the seasons of our sojourn, is an issue that is important, and we give to the Members of this body the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- have been told it is something we can love, strength, and wisdom to do Your pore. The majority leader is recog- prevent. will. Keep them walking in the paths of nized. If we don’t do this bill, it is not a question of if there will be a cyber at- righteousness and let them feel Your f abiding presence in times of joy and tack that will be devastating to our sadness. -
Post-Snowden Cryptography
Post-Snowden Crypto June 2016 Bart Preneel Post-Snowden Cryptography Bart Preneel COSIC KU Leuven and iMinds, Belgium Bart.Preneel(at)esat.kuleuven.be June 2016 1 2 NSA calls the iPhone users public 'zombies' who pay for their own surveillance 3 4 Outline NSA: • Snowden revelation and mass surveillance “Collect it all, • Going after crypto know it all, • The end of crypto exploit it all” • Security research www.wired.com 5 6 1 Post-Snowden Crypto June 2016 Bart Preneel Snowden revelations Snowden revelations (2) most capabilities could have been extrapolated from open Most spectacular: active defense sources • networks But still… – Quantum insertion: answer before the legitimate website massive scale and impact (pervasive) – inject malware in devices level of sophistication both organizational and technical • devices – redundancy: at least 3 methods to get to Google’s data – malware based on backdoors and 0-days (FoxAcid) – many other countries collaborated (beyond five eyes) – supply chain subversion – industry collaboration through bribery, security letters*, … Translation in human terms: complete control of networks and • including industrial espionage systems, including bridging the air gaps undermining cryptographic standards with backdoors No longer deniable (Bullrun) … and also the credibility of NIST Oversight weak * Impact of security letters reduced by Freedom Act (2 June 2015) 7 8 Rule #1 of cryptanalysis: search for plaintext [B. Morris] AliceEve/NSA Bob CRY Clear Clear CRY Clear Clear PTO PTO text text text text BOX BOX 9 10 Where do you find plaintext? SSO: Special Source Operations 1. PRISM (server) 2. Upstream (fiber) 11 12 2 Post-Snowden Crypto June 2016 Bart Preneel Muscular (GCHQ) 3. -
National Intelligence Council's Global Trends 2040
A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COUNCIL MARCH 2021 2040 GLOBAL TRENDS A MORE CONTESTED WORLD A MORE CONTESTED WORLD a Image / Bigstock “Intelligence does not claim infallibility for its prophecies. Intelligence merely holds that the answer which it gives is the most deeply and objectively based and carefully considered estimate.” Sherman Kent Founder of the Office of National Estimates Image / Bigstock Bastien Herve / Unsplash ii GLOBAL TRENDS 2040 Pierre-Chatel-Innocenti / Unsplash 2040 GLOBAL TRENDS A MORE CONTESTED WORLD MARCH 2021 NIC 2021-02339 ISBN 978-1-929667-33-8 To view digital version: www.dni.gov/nic/globaltrends A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COUNCIL Pierre-Chatel-Innocenti / Unsplash TABLE OF CONTENTS v FOREWORD 1 INTRODUCTION 1 | KEY THEMES 6 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 | THE COVID-19 FACTOR: EXPANDING UNCERTAINTY 14 STRUCTURAL FORCES 16 | DEMOGRAPHICS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 23 | Future Global Health Challenges 30 | ENVIRONMENT 42 | ECONOMICS 54 | TECHNOLOGY 66 EMERGING DYNAMICS 68 | SOCIETAL: DISILLUSIONED, INFORMED, AND DIVIDED 78 | STATE: TENSIONS, TURBULENCE, AND TRANSFORMATION 90 | INTERNATIONAL: MORE CONTESTED, UNCERTAIN, AND CONFLICT PRONE 107 | The Future of Terrorism: Diverse Actors, Fraying International Efforts 108 SCENARIOS FOR 2040 CHARTING THE FUTURE AMID UNCERTAINTY 110 | RENAISSANCE OF DEMOCRACIES 112 | A WORLD ADRIFT 114 | COMPETITIVE COEXISTENCE 116 | SEPARATE SILOS 118 | TRAGEDY AND MOBILIZATION 120 REGIONAL FORECASTS 141 TABLE OF GRAPHICS 142 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv GLOBAL TRENDS 2040 FOREWORD elcome to the 7th edition of the National Intelligence Council’s Global Trends report. Published every four years since 1997, Global Trends assesses the key Wtrends and uncertainties that will shape the strategic environment for the United States during the next two decades. -
Covert Action and Cyber Offensive Operations: Revisiting Traditional Approaches in Light of New Technology
Covert Action and Cyber Offensive Operations: Revisiting Traditional Approaches in Light of New Technology WILLIAM ROBERT CARRUTHERS Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Salford, School of Arts and Media 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURE LIST ______________________________________________________ VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ____________________________________________ VII ABSTRACT ______________________________________________________ VIII INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________ 1 RESEARCH AIMS ____________________________________________________ 8 LITERATURE REVIEW _________________________________________________ 9 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES ________________________________________ 15 Interviews ______________________________________________________ 19 Newspaper Articles _______________________________________________ 21 Official Primary Documents: Contemporary and Archived ________________ 23 Leaks __________________________________________________________ 24 Cyber Security Reports ____________________________________________ 28 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ___________________________________________ 28 CYBER OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS AND COVERT ACTION ______________ 31 CYBER OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS ARE NOT CYBER WAR. _____________________ 32 UNDERSTANDING COVERT ACTION _____________________________________ 50 CYBER OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS AND COVERT ACTION: A COMPARISON ________ 54 CONCLUSION ______________________________________________________ 60 COVERT ACTION AND CYBER