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Planning for Non-Player Characters by Learning from Demonstration
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 Planning For Non-Player Characters By Learning From Demonstration John Drake University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Drake, John, "Planning For Non-Player Characters By Learning From Demonstration" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2756. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2756 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2756 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Planning For Non-Player Characters By Learning From Demonstration Abstract In video games, state of the art non-player character (NPC) behavior generation typically depends on hard-coding NPC actions. In many game situations however, it is hard to foresee how an NPC should behave to appear intelligent or to accommodate human preferences for NPC behavior. We advocate the creation of a more flexible method ot allow players (and developers) to train NPCs to execute novel behaviors which are not hard-coded. In particular, we investigate search-based planning approaches using demonstration to guide the search through high-dimensional spaces that represent the full state of the game. To this end, we developed the Training Graph heuristic, an extension of the Experience Graph heuristic, that guides a search smoothly and effectively even when a demonstration is unreachable in the search space, and ensures that more of the demonstrations are utilized to better train the NPC's behavior. To deal with variance in the initial conditions of such planning problems, we have developed heuristics in the Multi-Heuristic A* framework to adapt demonstration trace data to new problems. -
Player-Character Is What You Are in the Dark the Phenomenology of Immersion in Dungeons & Dragons
Player-Character Is What You Are in the Dark The Phenomenology of Immersion in Dungeons & Dragons William J. White The idea of role-playing makes some people nervous – even some people who play role-playing games (RPGs). Yeah, sure, we pretend to be wizards and talk in funny voices, such players often say. So what? It’s just for fun. It’s not like it means anything. These players tend to find talk about role-playing games being “art” to be pretentious nonsense, and the idea that there could be philosophical value in a game like Dungeons & Dragons strikes them as preposterous on its face. “RPGs as instruction on ethics or metaphysics?” writes one such player in an online forum for discussing role-playing games. “Utter intellectualoid [sic] bullshit … [from those] who want to imagine they’re great thinkers thinking great thoughts while they play RPGs because they’d otherwise feel ashamed about pretending to be an elf.”1 By the same token, people who don’t play RPGs are often quite mystified about what could possibly be going on in a game of Dungeons & Dragons: There’s no board? How do you win? No winners? Then why do you play?2 Making sense of D&D as Dungeons & Dragons and Philosophy: Read and Gain Advantage Copyright © 2014. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. All rights reserved. & Sons, Incorporated. © 2014. John Wiley Copyright on All Wisdom Checks, First Edition. Edited by Christopher Robichaud. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 82 Dungeons and Dragons and Philosophy : Read and Gain Advantage on All Wisdom Checks, edited by Christopher Robichaud, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2014. -
In- and Out-Of-Character
Florida State University Libraries 2016 In- and Out-of-Character: The Digital Literacy Practices and Emergent Information Worlds of Active Role-Players in a New Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Jonathan Michael Hollister Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION IN- AND OUT-OF-CHARACTER: THE DIGITAL LITERACY PRACTICES AND EMERGENT INFORMATION WORLDS OF ACTIVE ROLE-PLAYERS IN A NEW MASSIVELY MULTIPLAYER ONLINE ROLE-PLAYING GAME By JONATHAN M. HOLLISTER A Dissertation submitted to the School of Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Jonathan M. Hollister defended this dissertation on March 28, 2016. The members of the supervisory committee were: Don Latham Professor Directing Dissertation Vanessa Dennen University Representative Gary Burnett Committee Member Shuyuan Mary Ho Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For Grandpa Robert and Grandma Aggie. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to my committee, for their infinite wisdom, sense of humor, and patience. Don has my eternal gratitude for being the best dissertation committee chair, mentor, and co- author out there—thank you for being my friend, too. Thanks to Shuyuan and Vanessa for their moral support and encouragement. I could not have asked for a better group of scholars (and people) to be on my committee. Thanks to the other members of 3 J’s and a G, Julia and Gary, for many great discussions about theory over many delectable beers. -
Simon Lindh Online Computer Game English Engelska C-Uppsats
Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten Simon Lindh Online computer game English A study on the language found in World of Warcraft Engelska C-uppsats Termin: Vårterminen 2009 Handledare: Moira Linnarud Karlstads universitet 651 88 Karlstad Tfn 054-700 10 00 Fax 054-700 14 60 [email protected] www.kau.se Abstract Titel: Online computer game English - A study on the language found in World of Warcraft Författare: Simon Lindh Engelska C, 2009 Antal sidor: 27 Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the language from a small sample of texts from the chat channels of World of Warcraft and analyze the differences found between World of Warcraft English and Standard English. In addition, the study will compare the language found in World of Warcraft with language found on other parts of the Internet, especially chatgroups. Based on 1045 recorded chat messages, this study examines the use of abbreviations, emoticons, vocabulary, capitalization, spelling, multiple letter use and the use of rare characters. The results of the investigation show that the language of World of Warcraft differs from Standard English on several aspects, primarily in the use of abbreviations. This is supported by secondary sources. The results also show that the use of language is probably not based on the desire to deliver a message quickly, but rather to reach out to people. In addition, the results show that the language found in World of Warcraft is more advanced than a simple effort to try to imitate speech, thereby performing more than written speech. Nyckelord: computer game, World of Warcraft, Internet language, Netspeak, abbreviation, emoticons Table of contents 1. -
Modelling Player Understanding of Non-Player Character Paths
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (AIIDE 2018) Modelling Player Understanding of Non-Player Character Paths Mengxi Xoey Zhang, Clark Verbrugge McGill University Montreal,´ Canada [email protected], [email protected] Abstract enable an exploration tool to better understand and experi- ment with what information becomes available to a player, Modelling a player’s understanding of NPC movements can given specific NPC routes, level geometry, and incomplete be useful for adapting gameplay to different play styles. For observation. We thus define a baseline system that allows stealth games, what a player knows or suspects of enemy movements is important to how they will navigate towards for exhaustive modelling of possible NPC positions, con- a solution. In this work, we build a uniform abstraction of strained by the gap-time and filtered by knowledge of level potential player path knowledge based on their partial obser- geometry. Players may also attribute movement character- vations. We use this representation to compute different path istics or make assumptions about NPC behaviours as well. estimates according to different player expectations. We aug- Our design naturally incorporates different constraint mod- ment our work with a user study that validates what kinds of els that reduce pathing possibilities to better represent player NPC behaviour a player may expect, and develop a tool that expectation. can build and explore appropriate (expected) paths. We find Algorithmic and representational design is supported by that players prefer short simple paths over long or complex a non-trivial experimentation and visualization tool built paths with looping or backtracking behaviour. -
Technology Innovation and the Future of Air Force Intelligence Analysis
C O R P O R A T I O N LANCE MENTHE, DAHLIA ANNE GOLDFELD, ABBIE TINGSTAD, SHERRILL LINGEL, EDWARD GEIST, DONALD BRUNK, AMANDA WICKER, SARAH SOLIMAN, BALYS GINTAUTAS, ANNE STICKELLS, AMADO CORDOVA Technology Innovation and the Future of Air Force Intelligence Analysis Volume 2, Technical Analysis and Supporting Material RR-A341-2_cover.indd All Pages 2/8/21 12:20 PM For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA341-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0633-0 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2021 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. William Chockey; faraktinov, Adobe Stock. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. -
Politics and Policy in Corinth 421-336 B.C. Dissertation
POLITICS AND POLICY IN CORINTH 421-336 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by DONALD KAGAN, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1958 Approved by: Adviser Department of History TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ................................................. 1 CHAPTER I THE LEGACY OF ARCHAIC C O R I N T H ....................7 II CORINTHIAN DIPLOMACY AFTER THE PEACE OF NICIAS . 31 III THE DECLINE OF CORINTHIAN P O W E R .................58 IV REVOLUTION AND UNION WITH ARGOS , ................ 78 V ARISTOCRACY, TYRANNY AND THE END OF CORINTHIAN INDEPENDENCE ............... 100 APPENDIXES .............................................. 135 INDEX OF PERSONAL N A M E S ................................. 143 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................... 145 AUTOBIOGRAPHY ........................................... 149 11 FOREWORD When one considers the important role played by Corinth in Greek affairs from the earliest times to the end of Greek freedom it is remarkable to note the paucity of monographic literature on this key city. This is particular ly true for the classical period wnere the sources are few and scattered. For the archaic period the situation has been somewhat better. One of the first attempts toward the study of Corinthian 1 history was made in 1876 by Ernst Curtius. This brief art icle had no pretensions to a thorough investigation of the subject, merely suggesting lines of inquiry and stressing the importance of numisihatic evidence. A contribution of 2 similar score was undertaken by Erich Wilisch in a brief discussion suggesting some of the problems and possible solutions. This was followed by a second brief discussion 3 by the same author. -
In Greece Under Rome (100 Bc - 100 Ad)
STRATEGIES OF REMEMBERING IN GREECE UNDER ROME (100 BC - 100 AD) edited by Tamara M. Dijkstra, Inger N.I. Kuin, Muriel Moser & David Weidgenannt PUBLICATIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE AT ATHENS VI engaged actively with the increasing funerary culture, festival and associ- presence of Roman rule and its repre- ation, honorific practices, Greek lit- sentatives. The archaeological and ep- erature, and political ideology. The igraphic records attest to the contin- variety of these strategies attests to At the beginning of the first century ued economic vitality of the region: the vitality of the region. In times of BC Athens was an independent city buildings, statues, and lavish tombs transition the past cannot be ignored: bound to Rome through a friendship were still being constructed. There actors use what came before, in di- alliance. By the end of the first centu- is hence need to counterbalance the verse and complex ways, in order to ry AD the city had been incorporated traditional discourses of weakness on build the present. into the Roman province of Achaea. Roman Greece, and to highlight how Along with Athenian independence acts of remembering were employed perished the notion of Greek self- as resources in this complex political rule. The rest of Achaea was ruled by situation. Tamara M. Dijkstra, Inger N.I. Kuin, Muriel the governor of Macedonia already Moser & David Weidgenannt (eds): since 146 BC, but the numerous de- The legacy of Greece defined Greek Strategies of Remembering in Greece fections of Greek cities during the and Roman responses to the chang- under Rome (100 BC - 100 AD). -
Improving the Social Believability of Non-Player Characters in Role-Playing Games
Agents that Relate: Improving the Social Believability of Non-Player Characters in Role-Playing Games Nuno Afonso and Rui Prada IST-Technical University of Lisbon, INESC-ID Avenida Prof. Cavaco Silva – TagusPark 2744-016 Porto Salvo, Portugal {nafonso, rui.prada}@gaips.inesc-id.pt Abstract. As the video games industry grows and video games become more part of our lives, we are eager for better gaming experiences. One field in which games still have much to gain is in Non-Player Character behavior in socially demanding games, like Role-Playing Games. In Role-Playing Games players have to interact constantly with very simple Non-Player Characters, with no social behavior in most of the cases, which contrasts with the rich social experience that was provided in its traditional pen-and-paper format. What we propose in this paper is that if we create a richer social behavior in Non-Player Characters the player’s gaming experience can be improved. In order to attain this we propose a model that has at its core social relationships with/between Non-Player Characters. By doing an evaluation with players, we identified that 80% of them preferred such system, affirming that it created a better gaming experience. Keywords: role-playing games, non-player characters, artificial intelligence, social, behavior, relationship, personality, theory of mind. 1 Introduction As computers became more present in our lives, they transformed from simple work machines into a means of entertainment. This created a massive industry of video games, an industry that beats sales records every year, and has a yearly growth rate higher than any other entertainment industry [2]. -
Making Quests Playable with Computer–Assisted
UC Irvine Cognition and Creativity Title QuestBrowser: Making Quests Playable with Computer- Assisted Design Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2tk0h882 Authors Sullivan, Anne Mateas, Michael Wardrip–Fruin, Noah Publication Date 2009-12-12 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California QuestBrowser: Making Quests Playable with Computer- Assisted Design Anne Sullivan Michael Mateas Noah Wardrip-Fruin Expressive Intelligence Studio Expressive Intelligence Studio Expressive Intelligence Studio University of California, Santa Cruz University of California, Santa Cruz University of California, Santa Cruz [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT narrative; within which the player moves through the experience, Good gameplay has been characterized as a series of interesting fulfilling check points to advance the story. These story choices. Therefore, to have gameplay of any sort requires the checkpoints are delivered to the player in the form of quests, and player to be presented with decisions. Given this definition, many these quests lack interesting or meaningful choices, but are instead quests within computer role-playing games are not playable as delivered as required actions for the player to complete. they currently exist. Instead, quests are given to the player as a Because of this lack of choice, we argue that quests are not series of tasks to perform in a specific way in order to advance the currently playable in many CRPGs. When we look at table-top story within the game. We look at making quests playable – role-playing games, the precursor to CRPGs, we find quests that adding choices for the player – and what a system that could exist in their playable form and are used with regularity. -
Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Departamento De Informática E De Estatística Curso De Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Da Computação
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA E DE ESTATÍSTICA CURSO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIA DA COMPUTAÇÃO SISTEMA DE AUTORIA PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE “ADVENTURES” EDUCACIONAIS EM REALIDADE VIRTUAL Patrícia Cristiane de Souza Florianópolis, fevereiro de 1997 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA E DE ESTATÍSTICA CURSO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIA DA COMPUTAÇÃO ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO: SISTEMAS DE CONHECIMENTO SISTEMA DE AUTORIA PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE “ADVENTURES” EDUCACIONAIS EM REALIDADE VIRTUAL por Patrícia Cristiane de Souza Orientador: Prof. Raul Sidnei Wazlawick, Dr. Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência da Computação. Florianópolis, fevereiro de 1997 Sistema de Autoria para Construção de “Adventures” Educacionais em Realidade Virtual Patrícia Cristiane de Souza Esta dissertação foi julgada adequada para a obtenção do título de MESTRE EM CIÊNCIA DA COMPUTAÇÃO na área de concentração Sistemas de Conhecimento e aprovada em sua for final pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação da UFSC. Raul^Smnei Wazlawick Murilo Silva de Camargo - Coordenador do CPGCC/UFSC Banca Examinadora ,ul Sidnei Wazlawick Aguinaldo Robson de Souza iv Não há nada mais difícil de se realizar, nem cujo êxito seja mais duvidoso nem cuja execução seja mais perigosa, do que iniciar uma nova ordem das coisas. Pois o reformista tem como inimigos todos aqueles que lucram com a antiga ordem e tem como defensores não muito entusiastas apenas aqueles que lucram com a nova ordem, sendo essa falta de entusiasmo proveniente em parte do temor aos adversários, que têm as leis a seu favor, e em parte da incredulidade da Humanidade, que não acredita realmente em nada que ainda não tenha experimentado. -
PHILOPOEMEN IMMODICUS and SUPERBUS and SPARTA the Decision Taken by the Achaean League in the Autumn of 192 B.G at Aegium To
PHILOPOEMEN IMMODICUS AND SUPERBUS AND SPARTA The decision taken by the Achaean League in the autumn of 192 B.G at Aegium to wage war against the Aetolians and their allies was crucial to the Greeks and their future. Greece proper had been divided for generations among several political bodies — and, in fact, had never been united into one state. Yet all those known as Έλληνες felt the natural human desire to avoid the unnecessary violence, bloodshed, and self-destruction engendered by ceaseless competition for preeminence and hegemomy in the domestic arena. The so-called “Tragic Historians” adopted these emotions as the leitmotif of their principal efforts to delineate the deeds and omissions of the Greek leadership and populace.1 Rome’s powerful political-strategical penetration east of the Adriatic sea, into Mainland Greece, particularly during the later decades of the third century B.C, undermined the precarious balance of internal Greek politics. The embarrassment which had seized most of Greece is easily understandable. Yet the Achaeans at Aegium do not appear to have been inspired by the memory of their ancestors’ resistance to the Persians. The Achaean leaders, Philopoemen not excluded, rejected Aetolian pleas for help or, at least, non-intervention in the struggle that they had started in the name of Έλληνες for the whole of Greece. Somewhat surprisingly, the Achaean leaders hastened to declare war on the Aetolians, anticipating even the Roman crossing to Greece2. These are the bare facts available to us (Livy 35.50.2-6). However, the conventional interpretation of these occurrences derived from Polybius 3 tends to be pathetic more than historical, and consti tute an embellished portrait of Achaean policy and politicians of those days rather than an honest guide to the political realities of the Έλληνες and Greece proper.