DOCSLIB.ORG

Project Implementation and Monitoring Report Cover Sheet I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Project Implementation and Monitoring Report Cover Sheet I Project Implementation and Monitoring Report Cover Sheet i. Project name: Cordillera Azul National Park REDD Project ii. Project location: Peru, in the departments of San Martín, Ucayali, Huánuco, and Loreto iii. Project proponent: Centro de Conservación, Investigación y Manejo de Áreas Naturales – Cordillera Azul (CIMA-Cordillera Azul), Patricia I. Fernández-Dávila M., +51 1 2412291, [email protected] iv. Auditor: Rainforest Alliance, Campbell Moore, +1 202.903.0717, [email protected] v. Project start date, GHG accounting period and lifetime: The project start date is August 8, 2008. The GHG accounting period is August 8, 2008 – August 7, 2028 and the project lifetime is likely greater than 100 years. vi. Project implementation period covered by the PIR: August 8, 2008 – August 7, 2012. vii. History of CCB Status: The Project PDD completed CCB validation on February 19, 2013 when both the CCB Validation Report and the Validation Statement were issued. viii. Edition of the CCB Standards being used for this verification: Second Edition (CCBA 2008) ix. Brief summary of the climate, community and biodiversity benefits generated by the project since the project start date and during the current implementation period covered by the PIR: The project successfully reduced net GHG emissions by 6,413,412 metric tons CO2e over the monitoring period. If deductions for the VCS AFOLU pooled buffer account are also included, the net reductions are 5,772,071 metric tons CO2e. Community monitoring demonstrated the project’s successful efforts to build local capacity for sustainable land use and an improved quality of life for buffer zone communities through activities such as the development of economic and ecological zoning plans, development of community Quality of Life plans, development and use of individual technical skills relating to resource management and land use, project administration, and local governance, and increased participation of women in REDD project activities like gathering community data, developing community plans and forming formal production craft organizations. Monitoring data showed that biodiversity has remained about the same over the monitoring period with a significant decrease in the number of infractions for illegal use of the park area. These results are consistent with a successful avoided deforestation, conservation project and indicate that the project has had a net positive impact on biodiversity over the without project scenario. x. Which optional Gold Level criteria are being used and a brief summary of the exceptional benefits generated by the project to meet the requirements of each relevant Gold Level: The project meets the requirements for Exceptional Biodiversity Benefits. The success of the project’s activities in producing net positive impacts on the biodiversity means that the project activities have also protected the endemic and endangered species in the project area which include over 39 species new to science. xi. Date of completion of this version of the PIR, and version number as appropriate: December 19, 2013, Version 2.0 1 CORDILLERA AZUL NATIONAL PARK REDD PROJECT MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORT Document Prepared By Centro de Conservación, Investigación y Manejo de Areas Naturales – Cordillera Azul Lima, Peru under a Total Management Contract with The National Service of State National Protected Areas - SERNANP and with technical assistance from The Field Museum Chicago, USA and TerraCarbon, LLC Peoria, USA Project Title Cordillera Azul National Park REDD Project Version Version 2.0 Report ID Date of Issue December 19, 2013 Project ID 985 Monitoring Period August 8, 2008 – August 7, 2012 Prepared By CIMA with technical assistance from The Field Museum, TerraCarbon and SERNANP Contact Christina Magerkurth, The Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 [email protected], p: 630-947-9563 www.cima.org.pe 2 Table of Contents List of Maps ............................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 7 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Summary Description of the Project (G3) ........................................................................................ 9 1.2 Project Location (G1 & G3) ............................................................................................................ 11 1.2.1 Soils and Geology ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2 Climatic Conditions ................................................................................................................ 16 1.2.3 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................. 18 1.3 Project Proponent (G4) .................................................................................................................. 31 1.4 Other Entities Involved in the Project (G4)..................................................................................... 31 1.5 Project Start Date (G3)................................................................................................................... 37 1.6 Project Crediting Period (G3) ......................................................................................................... 37 2 Implementation of Design .................................................................................................................. 38 2.1 Sectoral Scope and Project Type .................................................................................................. 38 2.2 Description of the Project Activity (G3) .......................................................................................... 38 2.2.1 Pre- Project Activities ............................................................................................................ 38 2.2.2 Planned Initial Project Activities ............................................................................................ 39 2.2.3 Project Activity Implementation ............................................................................................. 41 2.3 Management of Risks to Project Benefits (G3) .............................................................................. 55 2.4 Measures to Maintain High Conservation Values (G3) .................................................................. 56 2.5 Project Financing (G3 & G4) .......................................................................................................... 56 2.6 Employment Opportunities and Worker Safety (G4) ..................................................................... 56 2.7 Stakeholders (G3) .......................................................................................................................... 57 2.7.1 Primary Stakeholder Involvement ......................................................................................... 57 2.7.2 Secondary Stakeholder Involvement .................................................................................... 61 2.7.3 Stakeholder Communication Systems .................................................................................. 61 3 Legal Status....................................................................................................................................... 63 3.1 Compliance with Laws, Statues, Property Rights and Other Regulatory Frameworks (G4 & G5) 63 3.1.1 Worker Regulations ............................................................................................................... 67 3.1.2 Regulatory Additionality ......................................................................................................... 68 3.2 Evidence of Right of Use (G5) ....................................................................................................... 68 3.3 Emissions Trading Programs and Other Binding Limits (CL1) ...................................................... 69 3.4 Participation under Other GHG Programs (CL1) ........................................................................... 70 3.5 Other Forms of Environmental Credit (CL1) .................................................................................. 70 3 3.6 Projects Rejected by Other GHG Programs (CL1) ........................................................................ 70 3.7 Respect for Rights and No Involuntary Relocation (G5) ................................................................ 70 3.8 Illegal Activities and Project Benefits (G5) ..................................................................................... 70 4 Application of Methodology ............................................................................................................... 71 4.1 Title and Reference of Methodology .............................................................................................. 71 4.2 Deviations from the Monitoring Plan .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Peru
    xvi AMPHIBIAN DISEASES MUTHS, E., B. S. PEDERSEN, AND F S. PEDERSEN. 2009. How relevant is op- LITERATURE CITED portunistic Bd sampling: Are we ready for the big picture? Herpe- tol. Rev. 40(2):183–184. BOYLE, D. G., D. B. BOYLE, V. OLSEN, J. A. T. MORGAN, AND A. D. HYATT. 2004. OUELLET, M., I. MIKAELIAN, B. D. PAULI, J. RODRIGUE, AND D. M. GREEN. Rapid quantitative detection of chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytri- 2005. Historical evidence of widespread chytrid infection in North um dendrobatidis) in amphibian samples using real-time Taqman American amphibian populations. Conserv. Biol. 19:1431–1440. PCR assay. Dis. Aquat. Org. 60:141–148. RODRIGUEZ, E. M., T. GAMBLE, M. V. HIRT, AND S. COTNER. 2009. Presence BREM, F., J. R. MENDELSON III, AND K. R. LIPS. 2007. Field-Sampling Pro- of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis at the headwaters of the Mis- tocol for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis from Living Amphib- sissippi River, Itasca State Park, Minnesota, USA. Herpetol. Rev. ians, Using Alcohol Preserved Swabs. Version 1.0 (18 July 2007). 40(1):48–50. Electronic document accessible at <http://www.amphibianark. SADINSKI, W., M. ROTH, S. TRELEVEN, J. THEYERL, AND P. DUMMER. DETECTION org/resources/other-documents/#Chytrid>. Conservation Inter- OF THE CHYTRID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS, ON RECENTLY national, Arlington, Virginia. METAMORPHOSED AMPHIBIANS IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL UNITED STATES. HERPE- HYATT, A. D., D. G. BOYLE, V. OLSEN, D. B. BOYLE, L. BERGER, D. OBENDORF, TOL. REV. 41(2):170–175. A. DALTON, K. KRIGER, M. HERO, H. HINES, R. PHILLOT, R. CAMPBELL, G. STEINER, S. I., AND R. M. LEHTINEN.
    [Show full text]
  • Atelopus) 2021 — 2041 I N a I I C C I a N T Ê I V I V a E V D E S O B R
    PLANO DE AÇÃO PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DOS SAPOS-ARLEQUIM (ATELOPUS) 2021 — 2041 I N A I I C C I A N T Ê I V I V A E V D E S O B R 1 INiCiATiVA DE SOBREViVÊNCiA ATELOPUS IUCN SSC ASG ATELOPUS TASK FORCE Autores: Lina M. Valencia1 e Luis F. Marin da Fonte2, 3 1Re:wild (anteriormente Global Wildlife Conservation), 2Amphibian Survival Alliance, 3Grupo de Especialistas em Anfíbios do Brasil (IUCN SSC ASG Brasil) Imagem da capa e desta página: © Jaime Culebras | Photo Wildlife Tours Revisores (em ordem alfabética): Jose Barros4, Gina Della Togna5,6,7, Brian Gratwicke8, Juan M. Guayasamin9,10, Enrique La Marca11,12, Margarita Lampo13, Stefan Lötters14, Andrés Merino-Vireti15, Andrea Teran16, Jamie Voyles17 4Fundación Atelopus, Colombia, 5Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panamá, 6Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, 7IUCN SSC ASG Biobanking Working Group Coordinator, 8Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, USA, 9Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador, 10University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, 11Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, 12Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Venezuela, 13Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Venezuela, 14Trier University, Germany, 15Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador, 16Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Ecuador, 17University of Nevada, USA. Coordenador da Iniciativa de Sobrevivência Atelopus: Luis F. Marin da Fonte IUCN SSC ASG Atelopus Task Force (em ordem alfabética): Jose Barros, Gina Della Togna, Edgardo Griffith, Juan M. Guayasamin, Margarita Lampo, Stefan Lötters, Luis F. Marin da Fonte, Lindsay Renick-Mayer, Carlos Martinez-Rivera, e Lina M Valencia. Colaboradores: ver página 43 Citação: Valencia, L.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Review of the Frog Family Hylidae, with Special Reference to Hylinae: Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision
    SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE FROG FAMILY HYLIDAE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HYLINAE: PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION JULIAÂ N FAIVOVICH Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology (E3B) Columbia University, New York, NY ([email protected]) CEÂ LIO F.B. HADDAD Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de BiocieÃncias, Unversidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 199 13506-900 Rio Claro, SaÄo Paulo, Brazil ([email protected]) PAULO C.A. GARCIA Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, AÂ rea de CieÃncias da SauÂde Curso de Biologia, Rua CaÃndido Xavier de Almeida e Souza 200 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SaÄo Paulo, Brazil and Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de SaÄo Paulo, SaÄo Paulo, Brazil ([email protected]) DARREL R. FROST Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) JONATHAN A. CAMPBELL Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, Texas 76019 ([email protected]) WARD C. WHEELER Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 294, 240 pp., 16 ®gures, 2 tables, 5 appendices Issued June 24, 2005 Copyright q American Museum of Natural History 2005 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................................... 6 Resumo .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Online Material For
    www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/science.1194442/DC1 Supporting Online Material for The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World’s Vertebrates Michael Hoffmann,* Craig Hilton-Taylor, Ariadne Angulo, Monika Böhm, Thomas M. Brooks, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Kent E. Carpenter, Janice Chanson, Ben Collen, Neil A. Cox, William R. T. Darwall, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Lucy R. Harrison, Vineet Katariya, Caroline M. Pollock, Suhel Quader, Nadia I. Richman, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Marcelo F. Tognelli, Jean-Christophe Vié, John M. Aguiar, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Allen, Giovanni Amori, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Franco Andreone, Paul Andrew, Aida Luz Aquino Ortiz, Jonathan E. M. Baillie, Ricardo Baldi, Ben D. Bell, S. D. Biju, Jeremy P. Bird, Patricia Black-Decima, J. Julian Blanc, Federico Bolaños, Wilmar Bolivar-G., Ian J. Burfield, James A. Burton, David R. Capper, Fernando Castro, Gianluca Catullo, Rachel D. Cavanagh, Alan Channing, Ning Labbish Chao, Anna M. Chenery, Federica Chiozza, Viola Clausnitzer, Nigel J. Collar, Leah C. Collett, Bruce B. Collette, Claudia F. Cortez Fernandez, Matthew T. Craig, Michael J. Crosby, Neil Cumberlidge, Annabelle Cuttelod, Andrew E. Derocher, Arvin C. Diesmos, John S. Donaldson, J. W. Duckworth, Guy Dutson, S. K. Dutta, Richard H. Emslie, Aljos Farjon, Sarah Fowler, Jörg Freyhof, David L. Garshelis, Justin Gerlach, David J. Gower, Tandora D. Grant, Geoffrey A. Hammerson, Richard B. Harris, Lawrence R. Heaney, S. Blair Hedges, Jean- Marc Hero, Baz Hughes, Syed Ainul Hussain, Javier Icochea M., Robert F. Inger, Nobuo Ishii, Djoko T. Iskandar, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Yoshio Kaneko, Maurice Kottelat, Kit M. Kovacs, Sergius L.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazing Amphibians Stories of Success
    Issue number 106 (April 2013) ISSN: 1026-0269 eISSN: 1817-3934 Volume 21, number 2 www.amphibians.orgFrogLog Promoting Conservation, Research and Education for the World’s Amphibians INSIDE News from the ASG Regional Updates Amphibian Conservation Accomplishments Establishment of the Honduras Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Center Recent Publications And More … Plectrohyla dasypus. Photo by: Jonathan Kolby. Amazing Stories of Success Amphibians FrogLog 21 (2), Number 106 (April 2013) | 1 FrogLog CONTENTS 3 Editorial NEWS FROM THE AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITY 4 Membership Update 14 Proactive Conservation of Malagasy Frogs: Development 6 How To Engage In Policy Without Staff? of Probiotic Conservation Strategies 7 We Want To Help Your Conservation Project 17 The Spiny Giant Frog 8 FrogLog and Alytes 17 The Hellbender 8 Regional ASG Update—Peru 10 2012 Amphibian Conservation Accomplishments in AZA Institutions REGIONAL FOCUS — THE AMERICAS 19 Evidence for Amphibian 41 Implementing Recovery Actions Flooded Forest Conservation: A Global Synopsis for the Threatened Coquí Guajón 65 Monitoring an Endemic Amphibian 20 The SPLAT Project: Mitigating (Eleutherodactylus cooki): Where to Along a Natural Gas Pipeline in the Amphibian Road Mortality in Start? Peruvian Andes the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO 43 A Unique Collaboration 69 The 2012 Field Course on Biosphere Reserve 46 Preventing Amphibian Extinction Amphibian Conservation in Peru 23 Salamander Watch in Honduras: Establishment of the 70 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in 24 “A Small but Beautiful Bit of
    [Show full text]
  • Lötters Etal
    On the systematics of harlequin frogs. I: Description of a new species On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. I: Description of a new species from the Cordillera Azul, Peru STEFAN LÖTTERS, WINFRIED HAAS, SUSANNE SCHICK & WOLFGANG BÖHME Zusammenfassung Zur Systematik der Harlekinfrösche (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) aus Amazonien. I: Beschreibung einer neuen Art aus der Cordillera Azul, Peru. Atelopus spumarius sensu lato umschließt im amazonischen Peru mindestens drei Arten. Die systematischen Beziehungen innerhalb des Komplexes sind jedoch problematisch. Als hilfrei- che Merkmale erweisen sich Lebendfärbung, Verhalten, Bioakustik und Larvalmerkmale. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Art aus der Cordillera Azul beschrieben. Markante Verhaltens- merkmale von ihr sind visuelle (Winken) sowie aus unterschiedlichen Komponenten zusam- mengesetzte akustische Signale; bei letzteren überwiegt der ungepulste Anteil. Schlagwörter: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus reticulatus sp. nov.; A. spumarius-Arten- komplex; Bioakustik; Peru. Abstract Atelopus spumarius sensu lato in Amazonian Peru comprises three species at least. System- atics remain problematic, however. The consideration of living colours, behavioural, bioacou- stic and tadpole data is helpful. In this paper, a new species from the Cordillera Azul is described. Significant behavioural traits of it are visual (hand waving) as well as acoustic signals; the latter consist of different components among which the unpulsed parts (i.e. pure tone calls) predominate. Key words: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus reticulatus sp. nov.; A. spumarius species complex; bioacoustics; Peru. 1 Introduction Amazonian Peru belongs to the regions of highest biological diversity on Earth. Amphibian species richness is especially remarkable (e.g. DUELLMAN & RODRÍGUEZ 1994), with continuous discoveries of species new to science.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Systematics of the Harlequin Frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia
    On the systematics of the harlequin frogs. III: A new species from the Cordillera Azul, Peru On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. III: A new, remarkably dimorphic species from the Cordillera Azul, Peru STEFAN LÖTTERS Abstract A new species of harlequin frog (genus Atelopus) is described from the Cordillera Azul, an Amazonian pre-cordillera of the Andes in Peru. It is the second member of the genus known from this region, bringing the total number of Atelopus species known from Amazonian Peru to nine. The new species is remarkable in that females are not only larger than males, but also differ in skin texture (females have almost smooth skin; males have warts and spiculae). It is similar to A. erythropus und A. nepiozomus and differs from these mainly in skin texture (the only known specimen of A. erythropus has minute spiculae, no warts; in A. nepiozomus both sexes have warty skin) and dorsal coloration (uniform olive in the new species versus uniform brown or green with brownish blotches in the two other species). Key words: Anura: Atelopus dimorphus sp. nov.; sexual dimorphism; Peru. 1 Introduction Harlequin frogs of the genus Atelopus are a highly diverse group of Neotropical bufonids with respect to species richness (LÖTTERS 1996). Increased efforts in Atelopus alpha-systematics revealed that complexes of species hide behind some of the actually available names. Among them, taxa sometimes are more phenetic than phylogenetic relatives (cf. COLOMA 1997). An example is A. spumarius COPE, 1871, which has been suggested to range over almost the entire Amazon basin and adjacent areas in the Guianas in the northeast and the Andean versant in the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2017-2018)
    IUCN Red List version 2018-2: Table 7 Last Updated: 14 November 2018 Table 7: Species changing IUCN Red List Status (2017-2018) Published listings of a species' status may change for a variety of reasons (genuine improvement or deterioration in status; new information being available that was not known at the time of the previous assessment; taxonomic changes; corrections to mistakes made in previous assessments, etc. To help Red List users interpret the changes between the Red List updates, a summary of species that have changed category between 2017 (IUCN Red List version 2017-3) and 2018 (IUCN Red List version 2018-2) and the reasons for these changes is provided in the table below. IUCN Red List Categories: EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild, CR - Critically Endangered [CR(PE) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), CR(PEW) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild)], EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, LR/cd - Lower Risk/conservation dependent, NT - Near Threatened (includes LR/nt - Lower Risk/near threatened), DD - Data Deficient, LC - Least Concern (includes LR/lc - Lower Risk, least concern). Reasons for change: G - Genuine status change (genuine improvement or deterioration in the species' status); N - Non-genuine status change (i.e., status changes due to new information, improved knowledge of the criteria, incorrect data used previously, taxonomic revision, etc.); E - Previous listing was an Error. IUCN Red List IUCN Red Reason for Red List Scientific name Common name (2017) List (2018) change version Category
    [Show full text]
  • Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Global Invasive Species Database
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis System: Undefined Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Fungi Chytridiomycota Chytridiomycetes Chytridiales Common name chytrid frog fungi (English), Chytrid-Pilz (German), chytridiomycosis (English), frog chytrid fungus (English) Synonym Similar species Summary Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a non-hyphal parasitic chytrid fungus that has been associated with population declines in endemic amphibian species in upland montane rain forests in Australia and Panama. It causes cutaneous mycosis (fungal infection of the skin), or more specifically chytridiomycosis, in wild and captive amphibians. First described in 1998, the fungus is the only chytrid known to parasitise vertebrates. B. dendrobatidis can remain viable in the environment (especially aquatic environments) for weeks on its own, and may persist in latent infections. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Batrachochytrium Pag. 1 dendrobatidis. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=123 [Accessed 06 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Species Description Fungal Morphology: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a zoosporic chytrid fungus that causes chytridiomycosis (a fungal infection of the skin) in amphibians and grows solely within keratinised cells. Diagnosis is by identification of characteristic intracellular flask-shaped sporangia (spore containing bodies) and septate thalli. The fungus grows in the superficial keratinised layers of the epidermis (known as the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum). The normal thickness of the stratum corneum is between 2µm to 5µm, but a heavy infection by the chytrid parasite may cause it to thicken to up to 60 µm. The fungus also infects the mouthparts of tadpoles (which are keratinised) but does not infect the epidermis of tadpoles (which lacks keratin).
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for the Role of Infectious Disease in Species Extinction and Endangerment
    Review Evidence for the Role of Infectious Disease in Species Extinction and Endangerment KATHERINE F. SMITH,∗‡ DOV F. SAX,∗ AND KEVIN D. LAFFERTY† ∗University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A. †USGS Channel Islands Field Station, University of California Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, U.S.A. Abstract: Infectious disease is listed among the top five causes of global species extinctions. However, the majority of available data supporting this contention is largely anecdotal. We used the IUCN Red List of Threatened and Endangered Species and literature indexed in the ISI Web of Science to assess the role of infectious disease in global species loss. Infectious disease was listed as a contributing factor in <4% of species extinctions known to have occurred since 1500 (833 plants and animals) and as contributing to a species’ status as critically endangered in <8% of cases (2852 critically endangered plants and animals). Although infectious diseases appear to play a minor role in global species loss, our findings underscore two important limitations in the available evidence: uncertainty surrounding the threats to species survival and a temporal bias in the data. Several initiatives could help overcome these obstacles, including rigorous scientific tests to determine which infectious diseases present a significant threat at the species level, recognition of the limitations associated with the lack of baseline data for the role of infectious disease in species extinctions, combining data with theory to discern the circumstances under which infectious disease is most likely to serve as an agent of extinction, and improving surveillance programs for the detection of infectious disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Redescription of Atelopus Pulcher
    On the systematics of harlequin frogs. II: Redescription of Atelopus pulcher On the systematics of the harlequin frogs (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) from Amazonia. II: Redescription of Atelopus pulcher (BOULENGER, 1882) from the eastern Andean versant in Peru STEFAN LÖTTERS, WINFRIED HAAS, SUSANNE S CHICK & WOLFGANG B ÖHME Zusammenfassung Zur Systematik der Harlekinfrösche (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus) aus Amazonien. II: Wiederbeschreibung von Atelopus pulcher (BOULENGER, 1882) vom östlichen Andenabhang in Peru. Die Systematik der neotropischen Bufoniden-Gattung Atelopus ist kompliziert. Die Arten sind zum einen sehr merkmalsarm und können sich daher sehr ähnlich sehen; zugleich kann innerhalb mancher Arten die Merkmalsausprägung auch sehr variabel sein. Atelopus spumarius umschließt einen Artenkomplex, der im Amazonas-Becken sowie am Ost-Abhang der Anden und in der Guyana-Region vorkommt. In Peru können neben A. spumarius sensu stricto mindestens zwei weitere Arten unterschieden werden. Sie unterscheiden sich in der Lebendfärbung, Zeichnung, Adult-Größe, Hauttextur, Larvalmorphologie und im innerartlichen Kommunikationsverhalten (Winken mit dem Vorderfuß, Rufe). In dieser Arbeit wird A. pulcher vom östlichen Anden- Abhang (Departamentos Loreto und San Martín) aus der Synonymie von A. spumarius heraus- genommen. Es werden gepulste Rufe sowie die Larve von A. pulcher, deren oberer Hornschnabel kürzer ist als der untere, beschrieben. Zudem wird ein alphataxonomischer Überblick über die Gattung Atelopus in Amazonien sowie den angrenzenden Gebieten gegeben. Schlagwörter: Amphibia: Bufonidae: Atelopus pulcher bona sp.; A. spumarius-Artenkomplex, Alphataxonomie, Bioakustik, Larve, Peru. Abstract Systematics of the Neotropical bufonid genus Atelopus are complicated. On the one hand, species are poor in characters and hence similar to each other; on the other hand, within some species characters are very variable.
    [Show full text]
  • Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles President-Elect ROBERT D
    SSAR OFFICERS (2012) President HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW JOSEPH R. MENDELSON, III Zoo Atlanta THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE e-mail: [email protected] SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES President-elect ROBERT D. ALDRIDGE Saint Louis University Editor Section Editors Herpetoculture ROBERT W. HANSEN Book Reviews BRAD LOCK e-mail: [email protected] 16333 Deer Path Lane AARON M. BAUER Zoo Atlanta, USA Clovis, California 93619-9735 USA Villanova University, USA e-mail: [email protected] Secretary e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] MARION R. PREEST WULF SCHLEIP The Claremont Colleges Associate Editors Current Research Meckenheim, Germany e-mail: [email protected] MICHAEL F. BENARD BECK A. WEHRLE e-mail: [email protected] Case Western Reserve University, USA California State University, Northridge Treasurer e-mail: [email protected] Natural History Notes KIRSTEN E. NICHOLSON JESSE L. BRUNNER JAMES H. HARDING Central Michigan University Washington State University, USA BEN LOWE Michigan State University, USA e-mail: [email protected] University of Minnesota, USA e-mail: [email protected] FÉLIX B. Cruz e-mail: [email protected] INIBIOMA, Río Negro, Argentina CHARLES W. PAINTER Publications Secretary Conservation New Mexico Department of BRECK BARTHOLOMEW ROBERT E. ESPINOZA Priya Nanjappa Game and Fish, USA Salt Lake City, Utah California State University, Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies, e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Northridge, USA USA e-mail: [email protected] JACKSON D. SHEDD Immediate Past President MICHAEL S. GRACE TNC Dye Creek Preserve, BRIAN CROTHER Florida Institute of Technology, USA Geographic Distribution California, USA Southeastern Louisiana University INDRANEIL DAS e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] KERRY GRIFFIS-KYLE Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Texas Tech University, USA e-mail: [email protected] JOHN D.
    [Show full text]