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Turkey Public Health Institution Cancer Control Department Turkey Public Health Institution Cancer Control Department TURKEY CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Turkey Public Health Institution Cancer Control Department İlkiz Sokak No: 4-2 06100 Sıhhiye / Ankara / TURKEY Phone: +90 312 565 60 01 Fax: +90 312 565 60 92 www.kanser.gov.tr K Y M C International Standard Book Number (ISBN):..................... T.R. Ministry of Health Edition Number: ........ First Edition Place of Printing: Ankara Year of Printing:2016 This edition has been prepared and printend by T.R. Minis- try of Health, Turkey Public Health Agency, Cancer Depart- ment. All rights of publication belong to Turkey Public Healt Agency. It cannot be copied, published and quoted from it even so partially without giving reference. In case of quotation, in addition to T.R. Ministry of Health Turkey Public Agency phrase, book’s name, edition number, place and date of printing have to be stated. It is free, cannot be sold. Turkey Public Health Institution Cancer Control Department TURKEY CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME ANKARA 2016 EDITORS Bekir Keskinkılıc, M.D. Murat Gultekin, M.D. Ahmet Serdar Akarca, M.D. Cansu Ozturk, M.D. Güledal Boztas, M.D. Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca, M.D. Ezgi Simsek Utku, M.D. Ezgi Hacikamiloglu, M.D. Hatice Turan, M.D. Ismet Dede Selin Dündar, M.D. TPHA PUBLISHING COMMISSION It is approved by Turkey Public Health Agency Publishing Commission. PUBLISHING COORDINATOR Murat Gultekin, M.D. (Turkey Public Health Agency Head of Cancer Department) BOOK DESIGN Atıl Albayrak EDITION Anıl Reklam Matbaa Ltd. Sti. Özveren Sokak No:13/A Kızılay/ANKARA – Tel: (+90.312) 229 37 41 – 42 PREFACE Cancer composes an important threat to public health both in our country and in global, thus cancer control problems are considered important for countries. Within this context; While active cancer registration had only been applied only in two provinces before Health Transformation Program, with the studies executed recently active cancer registration has now been applied in 81 provinces. World Health Organization had established one of its 5 hup centers in Izmir. As Ministry, among our cancer prevention activities, our fight against tobacco and obesity continue with very successful results. Additions to these programs, many new programs are initiated considering cancer such as Turkey Radon Mapping and action Plan, Turkey Asbestos Control Strategic Action Plan, Monitoring of Health Effects of Electromagnetic Areas. In our cancer screening programs, Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and training Centers (KETEM) and our family practitioners provide screening services for breast, colorectal and cervical cancers free of charge with the motto “Early diagnosis saves lives!” For the treatment of cancer patients, morphine and chemotherapy medicine are now being manufactured in our country. All our citizens have access to treatment applied in competence with international standards. Of course, beyond the success of our efforts related with cancer, there is the country-wide political stability and determination. Constitution of an effective “National Control Program” is one of the most important steps. For this purpose, by following up all developments in science as well as health policies and involving our national experiences obtained in the first phase, second five year plan for “National Cancer Control Program” to be executed for 2013-2018 has been prepared. I thank precious scientists who contribute the formation of this program, wish it will bring auspiciousness for entire nation… We are aware, we will beat cancer… Dr. Mehmet MÜEZZİNOĞLU Minister of Health of the Republic of Turkey In 2011, United Nations called its members to prepare and apply national programs to fight against cancer which has been defined as the disease of the century and which is also considered as a global problem. Turkey renewed National Cancer Control Plan in 2013, that had been firstly announced in 2008 and initiated its struggle with cancer disease. Cancer is an important public health problem both in our country and globally. Among the most important causes of cancer, there is the tobacco use, unhelthy diet, obesity, alcohol and infections. Especially evaluating our country data, our tobacco and obesity programs compose the corner stones of cancer control. Notwithstanding, increasing of physical activity, limitation of salt usage, fight against infection agents are also important factors. Without a doubt, cancer can only be controlled with preventive precautions rather than making investments on treatment. These control programs, which have been executing for years in our country are strenghtened and accelareted following the establishment of Turkish Public Health Institution. Society based cancer screenings used to be only applied in Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Training Centers (KETEM). With the operating of Cancer Directorate under Turkish Public Health Institution, family practitioners unit and public health centers contributed to the screenings and screening activities were extended to every corner of country, screening speed also increased. In a period where more than 12 million people are diagnosed cancer annually, we are aware of our responsibilities in fight against cancer. This program is a very essential source since it provided guidance on how the challange should be managed. I want to thank our respectable scientists who contributed to this book and wish our National Cancer Control Plan will be auspicious for our entire nation. İrfan ŞENCAN, M.D. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health President of Turkey Public Health Institution NATIONAL CANCER ADVISORY COMMITTEE Bulent YALCIN (Head), M.D. Head of National Canser Adcisory Committee Irfan SENCAN, M.D. Head of Turkey Public Health Agency Bekir KESKINKILIC, M.D. Vice President of Turkey Public Health Agency Murat GULTEKIN, M.D. Turkey Public Health Agency Head of Cancer Department Dogan UNAL, M.D. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Services Ercan OZGUL, M.D. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Searches Ismail KARTAL, M.D. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Management Services Hakki YESILYURT, M.D. Head of Turkey Public Hospitals Agency Ozkan UNAL, M.D. Head of Turkey Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency Halil SEN, M.D. 1st Legal Advisor of Turkey Public Health Agency Nurullah ZENGIN, M.D. Executive of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital A. Murat TUNCER, M.D. Rector of Hacettepe University Nazmi BILIR, M.D. Hacettepe University Public Health Institution Mehmet GUNAL Turkish Statistics Institute Expert Regular Member of Turkish Academy of Sciences and Executive of Canser Working Taner DEMIRER, M.D. Team Mucahit OZTURK, M.D. Chairman of Turkish Green Crescent Society Recep DEMIRHAN, M.D. Head Doctor of Istanbul Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital Aysenur OKTAY, M.D. Ege University Madical Faculty Department of Radiology Academician Ali AYHAN, M.D. Baskent University Medical Faculty Dep. of Gynecology and Obstetrics Academician Ismail CELİK, M.D. Hacettepe University Cancer Institute Preventive Oncology Dep. Academician Vahit OZMEN, M.D. Istanbul University Medical Faculty Department of General Surgery Academician Gul ERGOR, M.D. Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty Department of Public Health Academician Exe./Head Doctor of Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Mehmet Ali GULCELİK, M.D. Hospital Exe./Head Doctor of Bursa Ali Osman Sonmez Oncology Training and Research Oktay CELİK, M.D. Hospital Nur OLGUN, M.D. Director of Dokul Eylul University Oncology Institute Kadri ALTUNDAG, M.D. Director of Hacettepe University Cancer Institute Ahmet KIZIR, M.D. Director of Istanbul University Oncology Institute Bulent ALIC, M.D. Head of Federation of Turkish Breast Diseases Associations Dilek YILMAZ BAYHAN, M.D. Head of Federation of Turkish Pathology Associations Suayip YALCIN, M.D. Head of Turkish Association For Cancer Research and Control Tezer KUTLUK, M.D. Head of Union For International Cancer Control (UICC) Engin OZTURK Head of Federation of Hand by Hand Against Cancer NATIONAL CANCER ADVISORY COMMITTEE SUB-COMMITTEES 1. Epidemiology and Registry Sub-Committee Nazmi BILIR (Head), M.D. Hacettepe University Public Health Institution Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty Department of Public Health Gul ERGOR, M.D. Academician Mustafa OZTURK, M.D. Adiyaman University Dean of Medical Faculty G. Nurhan INCE, M.D. Director of Istanbul Public Health Istanbul Marmara University Medical Faculty Department of Public Mustafa TASDEMIR, M.D. Health Sultan ESER, M.D. Hacettepe University Public Health Institute Selim KILIC, M.D. Gulhane Military Medical Academy Department of Public Health Banu CAKIR, M.D. Hacettepe University Medical Faculty Department of Public Health Dilek YILMAZ BAYHAN, M.D. Istanbul University Medical Faculty Department of Cytopatology Hacettepe University Cancer Institute Department of Pediatric Bilgehan YALCIN, M.D. Oncology Hatice Esin SENER, M.D. Head of Istanbul Association of Family Practise 2. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Sub-Committee Mustafa OZDOGAN(Head), M.D. Antalya Memorial Hospital Specialist for Medical Oncology Celalettin CAMCI, M.D. Gaziantep Unversity Medical Faculty Department of Medical Oncology Erdem GOKER, M.D. Ege University Medical Faculty Department of Medical Oncology Bulent KARABULUT, M.D. Ege University Medical Faculty Department of Medical Oncology Erciyes University Medical
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  • Bursa'da IV. Mehmed Sarayı

    Bursa'da IV. Mehmed Sarayı

    Bursa’da IV. Mehmed Sarayı Mustafa Çağhan Keskin* Öz XIV. yüzyıl ilk yarısından itibaren hanedan konutu ve devlet yönetim merkezi olması bakımından tam teşekküllü ilk Osmanlı sarayı olan Bursa Sarayı önce Edirne, ardından İstanbul’un başkent seçilmesiyle önemini yitirmiştir. Hanedan üyeleri tarafından terk edilen saray, zaman içinde harap olmuş ve birkaç kalıntı dışında tümüyle ortadan kalkmıştır. Günümüzde, Bursa Sarayı’nın yerleştiği alanda bulunan yapılaşma, burada arkeolojik bir çalışma yapılmasını engellemektedir. Bu durum, saray hakkında yapılan az sayıdaki araştırmanın büyük ölçüde yazılı kaynaklara dayanmasına neden olmuştur. XVII. yüzyıla ait kayıtlar ve görgü tanıklarının ifadeleri, terk edilmesinden yaklaşık iki yüzyıl sonra, 1659 yılında Bursa’ya gelen ve iki ay kadar kentte kalan IV. Mehmed’in, ilk Osmanlı sultanlarının konutu olan Bursa Sarayı’nda konaklamadığını, ancak Hisar bölgesinde kendisi için yeni bir saray inşa ettirdiğine işaret etmektedir. Bursa Sarayı’na ilişkin araştırmalar, IV. Mehmed döneminde inşa edilen saraya dair detaylı bilgi ortaya koymamış, bu faaliyeti çoğu kez bir onarım, genişletme olarak değerlendirmiş ve ayrı bir saray olarak ele almamıştır. Diğer bir deyişle, IV. Mehmed tarafından inşa ettirilen Yeni Saray hakkında bir monografi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, literatürde müstakil şekilde yer almamış bir Osmanlı sarayına ilişkin yazılı kaynakları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bursa, Saray, IV. Mehmed, Osmanlı Mimarlığı, XVII. Yüzyıl * Dr. Ögr. Üyesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul/TÜRKİYE, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-6514-1328 DOI: 10.37879/belleten.2020.585 Makale Gönderim Tarihi: 23.01.2019 – Makale Kabul Tarihi: 02.10.2019 Belleten, Ağustos 2020, Cilt: 84/Sayı: 300; 585-622 586 Mustafa Çağhan Keskin Mehmed IV’s Palace in Bursa Abstract As being the dynastic residence and seat of government, Bursa Palace, that had been the first full-fledged Ottoman Palace since the beginnig of the 14th century, had lost its importance after the conquest of Edirne and Istanbul.
  • The Effect of Augmented Reality Use on Achievement, Misconception and Course Engagement*

    The Effect of Augmented Reality Use on Achievement, Misconception and Course Engagement*

    CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, 2018, 9(3), 297-314 https://doi.org/10.30935/cet.444119 The Effect of Augmented Reality Use on Achievement, Misconception and Course Engagement* Mustafa Sirakaya Ahi Evran University, Turkey Ebru Kilic Cakmak Gazi University, Turkey Submitted: 05.03.2018 Accepted: 12.06.2018 Published: 16.07.2018 Abstract Augmented reality is defined as a technology in which real world and virtual objects are combined with a simultaneous interaction. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of augmented reality use on students' achievement, misconception and course engagement. A (matched) quasi-experimental research design with both pretest and posttest control groups was used in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 118 seventh grade students receiving education in six different classes. The students in the experimental group took their lessons with an augmented reality learning material, while the students in the control group continued using their traditional course materials. An achievement test, a misconception test and the student course engagement questionnaire were used as data collection tools. As a result of a 7-week implementation, this study found that augmented reality technology increased the achievement level of students and eliminated their misconceptions. However, the study also found that augmented reality technology did not affect the course engagement of students. Keywords: Augmented reality; Achievement; Misconception; Course engagement; Secondary school students; Astronomy education Introduction The use of technology is recognized as an important part of education. It is recommended as a solution in enabling effective learning at schools (Seferoglu, 2009). Studies showed that the use of technology in education increases the achievement levels of students, offers a meaningful learning tool by attracting students' attention to course content, and makes the learning process active and effective (Sumadio & Rambli, 2010).