Case Study: Colombia
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United Nations S/2019/1017 Security Council Distr.: General 31 December 2019 Original: English Children and armed conflict in Colombia Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report, submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions, is the fourth report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Colombia and covers the period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2019. The report provides information on the six grave violations against children, on parties to conflict responsible, where identified, and on progress made in the protection of children affected by armed conflict. The reporting period was marked by the implementation of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace (S/2017/272, annex II) between the Government of Colombia and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP), which put an end to a five-decade-long conflict. A decrease in the total number of grave violations against children was documented and can be explained in part by the signature of the peace agreement and the subsequent demobilization of the largest armed group in the country. Over the same period, however, other armed groups expanded their territorial presence, including in areas vacated by FARC-EP, and FARC-EP dissident groups emerged. These developments have continued to expose children to grave violations, in particular recruitment and use and sexual violence. Highlighted in the report are the efforts made by the Government of Colombia to strengthen the framework to respond to, end and prevent grave violations against children, including through prevention strategies. - 
												
												FULLTEXT01.Pdf
1 Cover photo: José Ramón Gomez, Arauca, 2012 Front page designed by: Manuela Giraldo 'When an Indigenous People disappears, a whole world is extinguished forever, along with its culture, spirituality, language, ancestral knowledge and traditional practices ... The survival of Indigenous Peoples with dignity is all in our hands.” National Indigenous Organization of Colombia (ONIC) "We are not myths of the past neither ruins in the jungle. We are people and we want to be respected…” Rigoberta Menchu Tum 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 5 PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 7 ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Aim and Research Question ............................................................................................ 10 1.2 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Structural Violence ................................................................................................ 11 1.2.2 Civilians Targeted by GAO ML.......................................................................... - 
												
												Colombia Page 1 of 21
Colombia Page 1 of 21 Colombia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007 Colombia is a constitutional, multiparty democracy with a population of approximately 42 million. On May 28, independent presidential candidate Alvaro Uribe was reelected in elections that were considered generally free and fair. The 42-year internal armed conflict continued between the government and terrorist organizations, particularly the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN). .The United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) was demobilized by August, but renegade AUC members who did not demobilize, or who demobilized but later abandoned the peace process, remained the object of military action. While civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, there were instances in which elements of the security forces acted in violation of state policy. Although serious problems remained, the government's respect for human rights continued to improve, which was particularly evident in actions undertaken by the government's security forces and in demobilization negotiations with the AUC. The following societal problems and governmental human rights abuses were reported during the year: unlawful and extrajudicial killings; forced disappearances; insubordinate military collaboration with criminal groups; torture and mistreatment of detainees; overcrowded and insecure prisons; arbitrary arrest; high number of - 
												
												Annual Report 2013 Report Annual Norcap Annual Report
NORCAP ANNUAL REPORT 2013 ANNUAL REPORT www.NORCAPweb.no GOOD PEOPLE OUR GREATEST RESOURCE Photos: Lars Aune FOREWORD I personally witnessed, almost 300 roster members undertook assignments to with great pride, improve national and international actors’ preparedness the effectiveness of and responsiveness in 53 countries. Norwegian Capacity (NORCAP) experts In accordance with its mandate, NORCAP’s support on the frontlines of spanned a variety of areas, with emphasis on UN-led humanitarian response relief efforts, but considerable activity on more long-term during the last half resilience and peace initiatives as well. In response to of 2013. As new the widely recognised need for improved coordination Secretary General of emergency efforts, numerous experts were deployed of the Norwegian to reinforce coordination mechanisms both at headquar- Refugee Council, it ters and country levels. An increasing number of roster was good to meet members were also deployed to strengthen national and our deployed experts regional resilience building related to both conflict- and working on the Syrian natural disaster-induced crises. refugee response in Lebanon and Jordan Providing the right person at the right time and place as well as in the requires focused roster management. NORCAP places continued turmoil of great emphasis on competence development and staff Afghanistan. There is much praise to be heard from bene- care for roster members. In 2013, the system for follow-up ficiaries and humanitarian partners as well. It underscores with deployees saw an overhaul, with improved reporting the way in which even a single NORCAP envoy can help systems for experts in the field and more comprehensive provide relief for and protection of those in need. - 
												
												Targeting Civilians in Colombia's Internal Armed
‘ L E A V E U S I N P E A C E ’ T LEAVE US IN A ‘ R G E T I N G C I V I L I A N S PEA CE’ I N C O TARG ETING CIVILIANS L O M B I A IN COL OM BIA S INTERNAL ’ S ’ I N T E R ARMED CONFL IC T N A L A R M E D C O N F L I C ‘LEAVE US IN PEACE’ T TARGETING CIVILIANS IN COLOMBIA ’S INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT “Leave us in peace!” – Targeting civilians in Colombia’s internal armed conflict describes how the lives of millions of Colombians continue to be devastated by a conflict which has now lasted for more than 40 years. It also shows that the government’s claim that the country is marching resolutely towards peace does not reflect the reality of continued A M violence for many Colombians. N E S T Y At the heart of this report are the stories of Indigenous communities I N T decimated by the conflict, of Afro-descendant families expelled from E R their homes, of women raped and of children blown apart by landmines. N A The report also bears witness to the determination and resilience of T I O communities defending their right not to be drawn into the conflict. N A L A blueprint for finding a lasting solution to the crisis in Colombia was put forward by the UN more than 10 years ago. However, the UN’s recommendations have persistently been ignored both by successive Colombian governments and by guerrilla groups. - 
												
												Venezuela Regional Migration Crisis: Who Are the Children Most at Risk?
FINAL REPORT VENEZUELA REGIONAL MIGRATION CRISIS: WHO ARE THE CHILDREN MOST AT RISK? An analysis of shifting vulnerabilities in the border departments of Colombia (Arauca and La Guajira) Save the Children Colombia March 2019 Foreword Save the Children is strongly involved in the humanitarian response in Colombia as well as in For over 30 years, Save the Children Colombia has other neighbouring countries. Across the region, we been responding to emergencies related to the internal are committed to reach every last child and to unveil armed conflict and natural disasters. For the first time, the current gaps to the accomplishment of their rights. the organisation is responding to an international That is why we commissioned a study identifying who migration crisis of unprecedented proportions. Since were the children most at risk in the context of this 2015, our teams have reached pregnant adolescents, particular crisis, focusing on the two border departments mothers forced to bury their child along the way to of Colombia (Arauca and La Guajira). In our day-to-day Colombia, young adults at risk of being recruited by work, we observe that migratory patterns are dynamic, armed groups, and entire families who crossed the and that populations sometimes present cumulative layers border from Venezuela with little but hope. Economic of vulnerability. Save the Children needed a systematic and institutional challenges, as well as repeated exposure analysis of the impact of the crisis on children, including to violence, more often than not await Venezuelans and with a gender lens, with concrete recommendations Colombian returnees in countries to which they have to inform our programmes and that of our partners. - 
												
												NORCAP Annual Report 2015
ANNUAL REPORT 2015 GOALS AND PRIORITIES 1 FOREWORD NORCAP Confronted with an increasing number of complex and Norwegian Refugee Council large-scale emergencies, the need for effective and Postboks 148, Sentrum well-coordinated humanitarian assistance has grown 0102 Oslo dramatically. Through almost 800 deployments to the Norway UN and other partners, NORCAP was a key contributor to resilience and humanitarian response in international www.nrc.no/norcap assistance in 2015. [email protected] Europe received a larger share of our deployments in NORCAP DIRECTOR 2015 than at any point since the mid-1990s. Towards the Benedicte Giæver end of the year, the European refugee crisis was a grow- ing focus of NORCAP’s support. We contributed signifi- PROJECT MANAGER cantly to improving protection and the coordination of the Hilde Faugli humanitarian response in severely strained countries of reception and transit such as Greece and in the Balkans. CONTRIBUTORS Nina Meyer Stensholt Expert personnel were deployed to all the UN declared Ida Sem Fossvik Level 3 crises during the year; Iraq, South Sudan, Syria Tonje Hisdal Johannessen and Yemen. After five years of conflict, Syria and the Together with our partners, NORCAP strives to promote neighbouring countries continue to be a major focus new and effective ways of undertaking humanitarian oper- COVER PHOTO for NORCAP expert deployments. As access to Syria ations. Bringing agencies together to address common NRC/Jose Cendon remains a challenge, the majority of support was directed challenges has yielded positive results. IDP camp at the airport to the neighbouring countries. More than 60 deployments of Bangui in CAR. - 
												
												BIOTA COLOMBIANA ISSN Impreso 0124-5376 Volumen 20 · Número 1 · Enero-Junio De 2019 ISSN Digital 2539-200X DOI 10.21068/C001
BIOTA COLOMBIANA ISSN impreso 0124-5376 Volumen 20 · Número 1 · Enero-junio de 2019 ISSN digital 2539-200X DOI 10.21068/c001 Atropellamiento vial de fauna silvestre en la Troncal del Caribe Amaryllidaceae en Colombia Adiciones al inventario de copépodos de Colombia Nuevos registros de avispas en la región del Orinoco Herpetofauna de San José del Guaviare Escarabajos estercoleros en Aves en los páramos de Antioquia Oglán Alto, Ecuador y el complejo de Chingaza Biota Colombiana es una revista científica, periódica-semestral, Comité Directivo / Steering Committee que publica artículos originales y ensayos sobre la biodiversi- Brigitte L. G. Baptiste Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos dad de la región neotropical, con énfasis en Colombia y países Alexander von Humboldt vecinos, arbitrados mínimo por dos evaluadores externos. In- M. Gonzalo Andrade Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia cluye temas relativos a botánica, zoología, ecología, biología, Francisco A. Arias Isaza Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras limnología, conservación, manejo de recursos y uso de la bio- “José Benito Vives De Andréis” - Invemar diversidad. El envío de un manuscrito implica la declaración Charlotte Taylor Missouri Botanical Garden explícita por parte del (los) autor (es) de que este no ha sido previamente publicado, ni aceptado para su publicación en otra Editor / Editor revista u otro órgano de difusión científica. El proceso de arbi- Rodrigo Bernal Independiente traje tiene una duración mínima de tres a cuatro meses a partir Editor de artículos de datos / Data papers Editor de la recepción del artículo por parte de Biota Colombiana. To- Dairo Escobar Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos das las contribuciones son de la entera responsabilidad de sus Alexander von Humboldt autores y no del Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Bioló- Asistente editorial / Editorial assistant gicos Alexander von Humboldt, ni de la revista o sus editores. - 
												
												Humanitarian Bulletin Colombia Issue 04 | 01 - 30 April 2012
Humanitarian Bulletin Colombia Issue 04 | 01 - 30 April 2012 In this issue Mass displacement rises 49% P.1 HIGHLIGHTS Hostilities hinder health assistance P.2 • UN Secretary-General issues Forced recruitment of children P.3 report on children adn armed conflict. More than 70,000 affected by rains P.5 Floods in San Estanilao, Bolívar COOPI / Daniel Perisco • Mass displacement rises by 49% in April. Clashes along the Pacific Coast exacerbate New UN report emphasizes plight of children in vulnerabilities. armed conflict • Hostilities drop but impact on civilians remains dire. Indigenous and Afro-Colombian children suffer disproportionately • GoC sets conditions to On 6 March, the UN Secretary-General issued his second report on children in armed strengthen risk management conflict in Colombia. The report highlights the persistence of grave violations against chil- and risk reduction. dren from January 2009 to August 2011 – including recruitment of children by non-State armed groups, use by all armed groups, killing and maiming, sexual violence, abductions, attacks on schools and hospitals, and the denial of humanitarian access. These violations FIGURES tend to be under-reported and disproportionately affect indigenous and Afro-Colombian # of IDPs in children. The report goes on to highlight Government efforts to address the situation fol- 2011 (NGO 259.146 lowing previous UN recommendations. Colombia is not formally on the Security Council sources) agenda and has voluntarily agreed to establish reporting and monitoring on children in Children victims armed conflict. A recent report from Watchlist also calls the attention on these violations. of APM/UXO in 34 2012 Both reports highlight the need to provide equal assistance and protection to children ERF 2012 1.6m separated from post-demobilization armed groups -considered as criminal groups by the Goverment-. - 
												
												BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol
BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO CENTRO DE MUSEOS MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol. 22 No. 2 SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN MUSEUM CENTER NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Vol. 22 No. 2 bol.cient.mus.his.nat. Manizales (Colombia) Vol. 22 No. 2 222 p. julio-diciembre ISSN 0123-3068 ISSN: 2462-8190 de 2018 (Impreso) (En línea) ISSN 0123–3068 (Impreso) ISSN: 2462-8190 (En línea) -Fundada en 1995- BOLETÍN CIENTÍFICO Nueva periodicidad semestral CENTRO DE MUSEOS Tiraje 150 ejemplares Vol. 22 No. 2, 222 p. MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL julio-diciembre, 2018 Manizales - Colombia Rector Alejandro Ceballos Márquez Vicerrector Académico Marco Tulio Jaramillo Salazar Vicerrectora de Investigaciones y Postgrados Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Zuluaga Vicerrector Administrativo Manuel Humberto Jiménez Ramírez Vicerrectora de Proyección Universitaria Patricia Salazar Villegas Decano Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Marco Tulio Jaramillo Salazar Centro de Museos Olga Lucía Hurtado Boletín Científico Revista especializada en estudios Centro de Museos de Historia Natural y áreas Museo de Historia Natural biológicas afines. Director Julián A. Salazar E. Médico Veterinario & Zootecnista (MVZ). Universidad de Caldas, Centro de Museos. Indexada por Publindex Categoría A2 Zoological Record SciELO Index Copernicus Scopus Cómite Editorial Cómite Internacional Ricardo Walker Ángel L. Viloria Investigador, Fundador Boletín Biólogo-Zoólogo, Ph.D., Centro Científico Museo de Historia de Ecología, IVIC, Venezuela Natural, Universidad de Caldas Tomasz Pyrcz Luis Carlos Pardo-Locarno Entomólogo, Ph.D., Museo de Ingeniero Agronómo, Ph.D., MSc., Zoología Universidad Jaguellónica, CIAT Palmira, Valle Polonia John Harold Castaño Zsolt Bálint MSc. Programa Biología, Biologo, Ph.D., Museo de Historia Universidad de Caldas Natural de Budapest, Hungría Luís M. Constantino Carlos López Vaamonde Entomólogo, MSc., Centro Ingeniero Agrónomo, Entomólogo, de Investigaciones para el café MSc., Ph.D., BSc. - 
												
												UN WOMEN Country Portfolio Evaluation EVALUATION REPORT
UN WOMEN Country Portfolio Evaluation EVALUATION REPORT UGANDA 2016-2020 Beneficiaries: Kalerwe Market Women's Sacco members reconciling the group savings after collection. Date of the report December 10, 2020 Version number of the report FINAL Cheikh FAYE (International consultant) Names of evaluators Harriet KIVUMBI (National consultant) Name of the Evaluation Manager Dan BAZIRA Name of the Regional Evaluation Specialist Casper MERKLE [email protected] Contact details for this report [email protected] a Acknowledgement. As a team of independent external evaluators, we express our sincere appreciation and thanks to all persons who participated in and contributed to this Country Portfolio Evaluation (CPE), for UN Women Uganda Country Office. We thank all staff members in country and field offices for contributing to the evaluation, the implementing partners including: civil society organizations, national and international NGOs, research and academia; Government of Uganda staff from the Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development, Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the Justice Law and Order Sector, Departments, Agencies and Local Governments; thank you very much. A special thanks to the Institute for Social Transformation who hosted us during the field visit, and the beneficiary women who ‘gave voice’ to this exercise. We thank the development partners, the donors for the generous contribution to the program and to the evaluation. Our Special thanks to: Ms. Rosa Malango, the UN Resident Coordinator; Dr Maxime Houinato, UN Women Country Representative and Adekemi Ndieli, UN Women Deputy Country Representative & Head of Programmes for joining in the CPE exercise and providing the much- needed strategic insights and guidance on advancing gender equality and women empowerment. - 
												
												The Grand Bargain at Five Years an Independent Review
HPG commissioned report The Grand Bargain at five years An independent review Victoria Metcalfe-Hough, Wendy Fenton, Barnaby Willitts-King and Alexandra Spencer June 2021 This report was made possible by the generous support of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs and NORCAP/Norwegian Refugee Council. Readers are encouraged to reproduce material for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially. ODI requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the ODI website. The views presented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of ODI or our partners. This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. How to cite: Metcalfe-Hough, V., Fenton, W., Willitts-King, B. and Spencer, A. (2021) The Grand Bargain at five years: an independent review. HPG commissioned report. London: ODI (https://odi.org/en/publications/the-grand-bargain-at-five-years-an-independent-review). This PDF has been prepared in accordance with good practice on accessibility. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Hilde Salvesen of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Linn Bogsnes Miles of NORCAP, as well as members of the Grand Bargain Facilitation Group, the Grand Bargain Secretariat and the office of the Eminent Person for their guidance and support throughout this project. Thanks also to Elias Sagmeister, Hannah Miles, Christian Els and Meg Sattler of Ground Truth Solutions, Verity Outram of Development Initiatives and Lydia Poole (independent) for their technical inputs and review.