In the Shadow of Jim Crow: the Benching and Betrayal of Willis Ward

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

In the Shadow of Jim Crow: the Benching and Betrayal of Willis Ward In the Shadow of Jim Crow: The Benching and Betrayal of Willis Ward DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Tyran Kai Steward, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Hasan K. Jeffries, Advisor Kevin Boyle Judy Tzu-Chun Wu Copyright by Tyran Kai Steward 2013 Abstract This dissertation provides a historical study of Jim Crow in the North via the interplay of race and sport. It analyzes the 1934 benching of Willis Ward, an African-American football player at the University of Michigan and reveals the racialized social order maintained by Michigan’s famed Athletic Director Fielding Yost. This study probes how Ward’s benching affected his career, especially his work directing hiring practices at the Ford Motor Company. It also explores Ward’s conservative politics and his espousal of policies and practices aimed at maintaining the racial status quo. This project also chronicles how racism toward Ward shaped the politics of his teammate and future U.S. President Gerald Ford who supported affirmative action and civil rights legislation but opposed busing as a means to carry out school desegregation. A significant body of scholarship has examined the history of Jim Crow in the South. This dissertation, in contrast, provides an opportunity to examine the North’s separate but unequal practices. This previously unstudied history of Ward and other black athletes at Michigan offer four significant insights regarding Northern race relations: it demonstrates how Northern institutions maintained segregationist practices without having the same legal underpinnings that existed in Southern states; it emphasizes the opposition that black athletes faced and exposes how institutions such as Michigan actively engaged in constructing racial barriers that constrained African American performance and ii compelled these players to exceed standard athletic expectations in order to earn spots on top college teams; it underscores how racial intolerance toward black athletes catalyzed resistance, created race advocacy and opposition, and contributed to a long history of black conservatism; and finally, it stresses how the racism black athletes met on the court and gridiron mirrored the racial prejudice they and other African Americans experienced in their interactions on campus, in the community, and throughout the country. By probing the entrenched restrictions that African Americans encountered in the North, this study provides a more comprehensive view of race relations in America. iii Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to Tamanika, Niara, and Saniya. iv Acknowledgments This dissertation represents the long road traveled in research and writing to turn an idea into a meaningful historical study. Along this road, I have been blessed to have interacted with so many wonderful persons who have contributed to this project, to my development and growth as a scholar, and to my life. Thus, I owe the deepest gratitude to a broad community of persons who have supported my scholarly aspirations: those persons who have rigorously trained me as a historian; the family and friends who have offered encouragement and love throughout this process; and every single individual who has inspired a thought, stirred reflection, or produced an idea that caused me to fall in love many times over with this vocation in the life of the mind. From the formative stages of this dissertation to the final draft, I owe an immense debt of gratitude to my advisor, Professor Hasan K. Jeffries. Your belief in this project from day one has been inspiring and enabled me to see the study as vital to the existing historiography in race relations. I am equally indebted to my committee members. Professor Boyle, you have challenged me to research, think, and write better. You always seem to know the right questions to ask and have guided me to new ways of thinking about my research and the history profession. Professor Wu, there are not enough words for me to express the enormity of my appreciation for your friendship, guidance, and support. Your encouragement as well as the insight you have provided to me on three v separate projects is deeply valued. You are all exemplary and tireless scholars who I wish to emulate as I begin my career as a professional historian. I wish to thank the entire Department of History at Ohio State University. I especially want to thank Professors Robin Judd and Kenneth Goings. I also wish to thank several scholars who have supported my endeavors from a distance: Theresa Runstedtler, Patrick Jones, David Trowbridge, Allyson Hobbs, Glenda Gilmore, Robert Citino, Robert Perry, and Philip Schmitz. I want to thank the Graduate School at Ohio State University. I also wish to thank the archivists and repositories that have supported my research endeavors. I am truly grateful to Bertha Ihnat of The Ohio State University Archives and to Douglas Smith. There are persons for whom words just cannot express the debt of my gratitude. I wish to thank the members of my family who remain an incredible blessing to my life: Gregory Steward, D’Ondra Steward, Darice Coleman, Darius Coleman, Dionte Steward, Cade Rhone, Jon Wilson, Ronald Wilson, Tanae Wilson, Laura Terry, Willie Terry, Catherine Moore, Alberta Wiggins, Shaka Terry, and Hodari Terry. I also wish to thank the following friends: Jacquelyn Taylor, Andre Taylor, Tigwa Davis, Dorothy Jones- Davis, Delia Fernandez, and Kyla Young. Finally, I want to give thanks to the four most important persons in my life. First, I wish to thank my mother, Emma Wilder. The encouragement, love, and sacrifices you have made throughout my life have motivated me to aim for success. I adore you and vi hope that this dissertation reflects your efforts to raise me to be the best person I could be. I want to thank my two daughters, Niara and Saniya. Thank you for your love and for your patience, for giving daddy the space to work, and for providing me with a laugh and a smile when I needed it most. I cannot explain fully how much you two mean to me and how each day I strive to make you proud even if you do not quite understand why daddy has spent so much time working on the computer. Last, but certainly not least, I want to thank my wife, Tamanika (Terry) Steward. I esteem you for your love, your patience, your sacrifice, and your tolerance of books, papers, and scraps of papers all over the house. You are my best friend and the first person I look to for insight and inspiration. I cherish your companionship and compassion. I earnestly feel that I am a better human being because of your presence in my life and feel that I could not have accomplished this monumental achievement without you standing by my side. vii Vita May 1996 .......................................................Marietta High School May 2000 .......................................................B.A. Sociology, Morehouse College April 2009 ......................................................M.A. History, Eastern Michigan University September 2010 to present ............................Graduate Fellow/Presidential Fellow, Department of History, The Ohio State University Publications ARTICLES “TIME NOT RIPE: BLACK WOMEN’S QUEST FOR CITIZENSHIP AND THE BATTLE FOR FULL INCLUSION AT OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY,” OHIO HISTORY 121 (MARCH 2014) “FROM SELMA TO STONEWALL: GAY RIGHTS IN THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON,” ORIGINS (AUGUST 2013) BOOK REVIEWS REVIEW OF CHILDREN OF FIRE: A HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICANS, BY THOMAS C. HOLT, (NEW YORK: HILL & WANG, 2010), IN NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW (OCTOBER 2012) REVIEW OF GRASSROOTS AT THE GATEWAY: CLASS POLITICS & BLACK FREEDOM STRUGGLE IN ST. LOUIS, 1936-75, BY CLARENCE LANG, (ANN ARBOR: UNIVERSITY OF viii MICHIGAN PRESS, 2009), IN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY VOL. 97, NO. 3 (SUMMER 2012) REVIEW OF IN SEARCH OF THE TALENTED TENTH: HOWARD UNIVERSITY PUBLIC INTELLECTUALS AND THE DILEMMAS OF RACE, 1926-1970, BY ZACHERY R. WILLIAMS, (COLUMBIA: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI PRESS, 2009), IN NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW VOL. 88, NO. 4 (OCTOBER 2011) Fields of Study Major Field: History ix Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. v Vita ................................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Not Far from Birmingham ............................................................................. 23 Chapter 2: Jim Crow in the Big House and Elsewhere in the North ................................ 71 Chapter 3: Bonfires Lit in Protest ................................................................................... 120 Chapter 4: Old, Traditional Antagonisms ....................................................................... 171
Recommended publications
  • Issues in Issues Issues in Race & Society
    Issues in Issues in Race & Society Issues in Race & Society Race Volume 8 | Issue 1 The Complete 2019 Edition In this Issue: Race & Africana Demography: Lessons from Founders E. Franklin Frazier, W.E.B. DuBois, and the Atlanta School of Sociology — Lori Latrice Martin Subjective Social Status, Reliliency Resources, and Self-Concept among Employed African Americans — Verna Keith and Maxine Thompson Exclusive Religious Beliefs and Social Capital: Unpacking Nuances in the Relationship between Religion and Social Capital Formation Society — Daniel Auguste More than Just Incarceration: Law Enforcement Contact and Black Fathers’ Familial Relationships — Deadrick T. Williams and Armon R. Perry An Interdisciplinary Global Journal Training the Hands, the Head, and the Heart: Student Protest and Activism at Hampton Institute During the 1920s — James E. Alford “High Tech Lynching:” White Virtual Mobs and University Administrators Volume 8 | The Complete 2019 Edition 2019 Complete 8 | The Volume as Policing Agents in Higher Education — Biko Mandela Gray, Stephen C. Finley, Lori Latrice Martin Racialized Categorical Inequality: Elaborating Educational Theory to Explain African American Disparities in Public Schools — Geoffrey L. Wood Black Women’s Words: Unsing Oral History to Understand the Foundations of Black Women’s Educational Advocacy — Gabrielle Peterson ABSASSOCIATION OF Suicide in Color: Portrayals of African American Suicide in Ebony Magazine from 1960-2008 — Kamesha Spates BLACK SOCIOLOGISTS ISBN 978-1-947602-67-0 ISBN 978-1-947602-67-0 90000> VolumePublished 8 |by Thethe Association Complete of Black2019 Sociologists Edition 9 781947 602670 Do Guys Just Want to Have Fun? Issues in Race & Society An Interdisciplinary Global Journal Volume 8 | Issue 1 The Complete 2019 Edition © Association of Black Sociologists | All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • 85Th, Miami, Florida, August 5-8, 2002)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 473 787 CS 511 772 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (85th, Miami, Florida, August 5-8, 2002). Minorities and Communication Division. PUB DATE 2002-08-00 NOTE 217p.; For other sections of these proceedings, see CS 511 769-787. PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Athletes; Baseball; Content Analysis; Decision Making; *Ethics; Higher Education; Immigration; *Journalism Education; Korean Americans; *Media Coverage; *Minority Groups; Olympic Games; *Racial Attitudes; Racial Factors; Television IDENTIFIERS Black Press; Los Angeles Riots 1992; September 11 Terrorist Attacks 2001 ABSTRACT The Minorities and Communication Division of the proceedings contains the following 7 papers: "The Race Card and Ethical Reasoning: The Importance of Race to Journalistic Decision Making" (Renita Coleman); "Jesse Owens, A Black Pearl Amidst an Ocean of Fury: A Case Study of Press Coverage on The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games" (Pamela C. Laucella); "A Fall from Grace: The Framing of Imam Fawaz Damra by 'The Cleveland Plain Dealer "'_(Yolanda D. Campbell); "Silencing the Voice of the Minority" (Minjeong Kim); "The Black Press and the Integration of Baseball: A Content Analysis of Changes in Coverage" (Brian Carroll); "Media Effect on Race and Immigration: Testing the Link" (Cleo Joffrion Allen); and "Color Blindsided in the Booth: An Examination of the Descriptions of College Athletes During Televised Games" (James A. Rada and K. Tim Wulfemeyer). (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. N 00 en ,7r Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (85th, Miami, FL, August 5-8, 200t): Minorities and Communication Division.
    [Show full text]
  • 1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconnaissance Survey
    1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconnaissance Survey Final November 2005 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Summary Statement 1 Bac.ground and Purpose 1 HISTORIC CONTEXT 5 National Persp4l<live 5 1'k"Y v. f~u,on' World War I: 1896-1917 5 World W~r I and Postw~r ( r.: 1!1t7' EarIV 1920,; 8 Tulsa RaCR Riot 14 IIa<kground 14 TI\oe R~~ Riot 18 AIt. rmath 29 Socilot Political, lind Economic Impa<tsJRamlt;catlon, 32 INVENTORY 39 Survey Arf!a 39 Historic Greenwood Area 39 Anla Oubi" of HiOlorK G_nwood 40 The Tulsa Race Riot Maps 43 Slirvey Area Historic Resources 43 HI STORIC GREENWOOD AREA RESOURCeS 7J EVALUATION Of NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 91 Criteria for National Significance 91 Nalional Signifiunce EV;1lu;1tio.n 92 NMiol\ill Sionlflcao<e An.aIYS;s 92 Inl~ri ly E~alualion AnalY'is 95 {"",Iu,ion 98 Potenl l~1 M~na~menl Strategies for Resource Prote<tion 99 PREPARERS AND CONSULTANTS 103 BIBUOGRAPHY 105 APPENDIX A, Inventory of Elltant Cultural Resoun:es Associated with 1921 Tulsa Race Riot That Are Located Outside of Historic Greenwood Area 109 Maps 49 The African American S«tion. 1921 51 TI\oe Seed. of c..taotrophe 53 T.... Riot Erupt! SS ~I,.,t Blood 57 NiOhl Fiohlino 59 rM Inva.ion 01 iliad. TIll ... 61 TM fighl for Standp''''' Hill 63 W.II of fire 65 Arri~.. , of the Statl! Troop< 6 7 Fil'lal FiOlrtino ~nd M~,,;~I I.IIw 69 jii INTRODUCTION Summary Statement n~sed in its history.
    [Show full text]
  • Mack Studies
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 381 472 SO 024 893 AUTHOR Botsch, Carol Sears; And Others TITLE African-Americans and the Palmetto State. INSTITUTION South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. PUB DATE 94 NOTE 246p. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; *Black Culture; *Black History; Blacks; *Mack Studies; Cultural Context; Ethnic Studies; Grade 8; Junior High Schools; Local History; Resource Materials; Social Environment' *Social History; Social Studies; State Curriculum Guides; State Government; *State History IDENTIFIERS *African Americans; South Carolina ABSTRACT This book is part of a series of materials and aids for instruction in black history produced by the State Department of Education in compliance with the Education Improvement Act of 1984. It is designed for use by eighth grade teachers of South Carolina history as a supplement to aid in the instruction of cultural, political, and economic contributions of African-Americans to South Carolina History. Teachers and students studying the history of the state are provided information about a part of the citizenry that has been excluded historically. The book can also be used as a resource for Social Studies, English and Elementary Education. The volume's contents include:(1) "Passage";(2) "The Creation of Early South Carolina"; (3) "Resistance to Enslavement";(4) "Free African-Americans in Early South Carolina";(5) "Early African-American Arts";(6) "The Civil War";(7) "Reconstruction"; (8) "Life After Reconstruction";(9) "Religion"; (10) "Literature"; (11) "Music, Dance and the Performing Arts";(12) "Visual Arts and Crafts";(13) "Military Service";(14) "Civil Rights"; (15) "African-Americans and South Carolina Today"; and (16) "Conclusion: What is South Carolina?" Appendices contain lists of African-American state senators and congressmen.
    [Show full text]
  • Illinois ... Football Guide
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign !~he Quad s the :enter of :ampus ife 3 . H«H» H 1 i % UI 6 U= tiii L L,._ L-'IA-OHAMPAIGK The 1990 Illinois Football Media Guide • The University of Illinois . • A 100-year Tradition, continued ~> The University at a Glance 118 Chronology 4 President Stanley Ikenberrv • The Athletes . 4 Chancellor Morton Weir 122 Consensus All-American/ 5 UI Board of Trustees All-Big Ten 6 Academics 124 Football Captains/ " Life on Campus Most Valuable Players • The Division of 125 All-Stars Intercollegiate Athletics 127 Academic All-Americans/ 10 A Brief History Academic All-Big Ten 11 Football Facilities 128 Hall of Fame Winners 12 John Mackovic 129 Silver Football Award 10 Assistant Coaches 130 Fighting Illini in the 20 D.I.A. Staff Heisman Voting • 1990 Outlook... 131 Bruce Capel Award 28 Alpha/Numerical Outlook 132 Illini in the NFL 30 1990 Outlook • Statistical Highlights 34 1990 Fighting Illini 134 V early Statistical Leaders • 1990 Opponents at a Glance 136 Individual Records-Offense 64 Opponent Previews 143 Individual Records-Defense All-Time Record vs. Opponents 41 NCAA Records 75 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 78 UI Travel Plans/ 145 Freshman /Single-Play/ ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Opponent Directory Regular Season UNIVERSITY OF responsible for its charging this material is • A Look back at the 1989 Season Team Records The person on or before theidue date. 146 Ail-Time Marks renewal or return to the library Sll 1989 Illinois Stats for is $125.00, $300.00 14, Top Performances minimum fee for a lost item 82 1989 Big Ten Stats The 149 Television Appearances journals.
    [Show full text]
  • "111111111111W
    Published for All Former Students of Rice University "111111111111w VOLUME IXX — NUMBER 6 HOUSTON, TEXAS SEPTEMBER, 1963 Orientation Program Provided This Year For 33 Foreign Students Entering Rice "Grass roots diplomacy" is the programs with Rice faculty mem- Japan, Peru, Austria, the Philip- way Mrs. Harvin C. Moore ('38), bers. pines, Pakistan, Canada, England, chairman of the International Hos- On the lighter side, they were Mexico, and the Netherlands. pitality Committee of Houston, de- guests at a Chalupa Party given The on-campus orientation was scribes the host family program at by the World Affairs Discussion directed primarily by Dr. Higgen- Rice. Group of the Committee and at a botham who is dean of students. The purpose of this program is Texas barbecue, where they saw He and President Pitzer will be to provide a continuing relation- an exhibition drill by the Harris hosts for a reception at Cohen ship between a Houston family County Mounted Posse. House on October 1 for the some and a foreign student. At least Of the 33 new students, 18 are 85 foreign students who are doing once a month the family invites from the Republic of China and graduate work at Rice. the student to a dinner at home, the remainder are from Greece, (Continued on Page 11) a cultural event or a social outing. This program has been in prac- tice for the past 10 years, and this History Series Made Possible year added an orientation week from September 5 through 14 for J. Roy Sulik J°ins the 33 new foreign students who By S1,800 Lectureship Grant will begin their graduate studies Rice University has received a The grant will be used for a Rice Alumni Staff at Rice this fall.
    [Show full text]
  • Alabama Declared Nation's Best Grid Team: Irish and Trojans Climax
    Sports News W)t Mtomina Jikf. Comics and Classified “WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1930. PAGE C-1 Alabama Declared Nation’s Best Grid Team: Irish and Trojans Climax Season West in Good Trim Camp’s All-America Team of 1919 Had Stars Order of Teams Irish Go In Southern Loop NOTRE DAME NEEDS TIDE’S SUPREMACY Who Since Have Added to Fame as Coaches Only Two Slightly Hurt in Army Game —Rockne ATLANTA,Qa„ December 1— The standing of the Southern Con- Certain He Won’t Beat Trojans. BY ALAN GOULD, teams, together VICTORY EXTOLLED BY DIXIE Is Not ference foot ball TO CLINCH Associated Press Sports Editor. with points scored and opponents’ No. 10.—Camp Prophesies. points In all games, Including those BY WILLIAM WEEKES, condition by Saturday, as is Conley, of Saturday, November 29, follow: pre-war Title Would Be Disputed by Southern Leaders Predict Sports Writer. whose injuries were minor. return of foot ball w. Pts.Op.Pts. Associated Press stop Tucson, LTled. Pet. December I.—Notre The squad will off at stars such as Belford West of Alabama 8 0 0 1.000 347 13 Ariz., early Wednesday for two days Tulane 5 o o 1.000 263 30 Several Teams if Victory Over Washington Rough Riders today Colgate and Chick Harley of Tennessee .... 5 1 0 833 I9fi 25 Southern Dame’s of practice and will not reach Los Duke 4 1 0 . 800 147 48 faced long, long journey, Angeles until Friday night. They THEOhio State, in addition to the Florida 4 11 800 193 47 a CHICAGO, Vanderbilt ...
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of Hampden and Its Aftermath
    Maine History Volume 43 Article 3 Number 1 Here Come the British! 1-1-2007 The aB ttle of aH mpden and Its Aftermath Robert Fraser Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ mainehistoryjournal Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Fraser, Robert. “The aB ttle of aH mpden and Its Aftermath” Maine History 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 21-40. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact um.library.technical.services@maine.edu. THE BATTLE OF HAMPDEN AND ITS AFTERMATH BY ROBERT FRASER The successful British attack on the Penobscot Valley in fall 1814 was to annex eastern Maine to Canada, a move taken to protect the important line of communications between Halifax and Quebec. New England merchants had opposed the War of 1812, as it destroyed their interna- tional trade, and most New Englanders tried to remain neutral during the fray. At Hampden, enemy threats brought them out to defend their homes. Although Great Britain returned the area to the United States at war’s end, the occupation of the Penobscot Valley had lasting implica- tions for the District of Maine. Between 1954 and 1984 Robert Fraser was assistant curator at the Cohasset Historical Society and a consultant to other historical societies. He writes historical articles for local newspa- pers and national magazines, and has published two books on light- houses and another on local history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hall of Very Good 2005
    THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 27, No. 1 (2005) The Hall of Very Good 2005 Classes of 2003 and 2004 Gene Brito Jerry Kramer John Brodie Jim Marshall Jack Butler Al Nesser Gini Cappelletti Dave Robinson Pat Fischer Johnny Robinson Chris Hanberger Duke Slater Bob Hayes Mac Speedie Gene Hickerson Mick Tingelhoff Bill Howton Al Wistert Note: Carl Eller and Benny Friedman were members, but their subsequent elections to the Pro Football Hall of Fame automatically removes them from the Hall of Very Good. Happily, the election of some great players to the Pro Football Hall of Fame has only been postponed for a year or two, but some excellent players will never find their busts in Canton. PFRA makes no judgment on whether those passed over were actually Hall of Fame-caliber players or not. What we do insist upon is that there are many, many players who deserve recognition as far better than the average. As a way to honor these players, we hereby create The Hall of Very Good. The Class of 2004 was selected by the votes of the PFRA membership. Players chosen can not be enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and they must be passed over so many times that any ultimate enshrinement appears doubtful. Should any member of the Hall of Very Good be subsequently elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he will immediately and joyfully by stricken from the HoVG. We are pleased to announce that a former inductee into the Hall of Very Good has been stricken from the roll.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 1:12-Cv-07667-VEC-GWG Document 133 Filed 06/27/14 Page 1 of 120
    Case 1:12-cv-07667-VEC-GWG Document 133 Filed 06/27/14 Page 1 of 120 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ) BEVERLY ADKINS, CHARMAINE WILLIAMS, ) REBECCA PETTWAY, RUBBIE McCOY, ) WILLIAM YOUNG, on behalf of themselves and all ) others similarly situated, and MICHIGAN LEGAL ) SERVICES, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) Case No. 1:12-cv-7667-VEC ) v. ) EXPERT REPORT OF ) THOMAS J. SUGRUE MORGAN STANLEY, MORGAN STANLEY & ) IN SUPPORT OF CO. LLC, MORGAN STANLEY ABS CAPITAL I ) CLASS INC., MORGAN STANLEY MORTGAGE ) CERTIFICATION CAPITAL INC., and MORGAN STANLEY ) MORTGAGE CAPITAL HOLDINGS LLC, ) ) Defendants. ) ) 1 Case 1:12-cv-07667-VEC-GWG Document 133 Filed 06/27/14 Page 2 of 120 Table of Contents I. STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................... 3 II. OVERVIEW OF FINDINGS ................................................................................................... 5 III. SCOPE OF THE REPORT .................................................................................................... 6 1. Chronological scope ............................................................................................................................ 6 2. Geographical scope ............................................................................................................................. 7 IV. RACE AND HOUSING MARKETS IN METROPOLITAN DETROIT ........................... 7 1. Historical overview ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • California Golden Bears 2021 Track & Field Record Book 1
    CALIFORNIA GOLDEN BEARS 2021 TRACK & FIELD RECORD BOOK 1 2021 CALIFORNIA TRACK & FIELD 2021 SCHEDULE QUICK FACTS Date Day Meet Site Name ............... University of California January Location ....................... Berkeley, Calif. 22-23 Fri.-Sat. at Air Force Invitational Colorado Springs, Colo. Founded ...................................... 1868 February Enrollment ................................ 40,173 19 Fri. at Air Force Collegiate Open Colorado Springs, Colo. Nickname ...................... Golden Bears 25-27 Thu.-Sat. at Championships at the Peak Colorado Springs, Colo. Colors ............ Blue (282) & Gold (123) Chancellor ........................ Carol Christ March Director of Athletics ... ....Jim Knowlton 6 Sat. California Outdoor Opener Berkeley, Calif. Home Facility ........... Edwards Stadium 11-13 Fri.-Sat. at NCAA Indoor Championships Fayetteville, Ark. (22,000) 20 Sat. at USC Dual Los Angeles, Calif. 2020 Men’s Finishes (indoor): 26-27 Fri.-Sat. at Aztec Invitational San Diego, Calif. MPSF/NCAA ........................N/A/N/A 2020 Men’s Finishes (outdoor): April Pac-12/NCAA ......................N/A/N/A 3 Sat. at Stanford Invitational Stanford, Calif. 2020 Women’s Finishes (indoor): 10 Sat. USC Dual Berkeley, Calif. MPSF/NCAA ........................N/A/N/A 2020 Women’s Finishes (outdoor): May Pac-12/NCAA ......................N/A/N/A 1 Sat. Big Meet Berkeley, Calif. 14-16 Fri.-Sun. at Pac-12 Outdoor Championships Los Angeles, Calif. ATHLETIC COMMUNICATIONS 27-29 Thu.-Sat. at NCAA West Preliminary Rounds College Station,
    [Show full text]
  • History of Maine - History Index - MHS Kathy Amoroso
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine History Documents Special Collections 2019 History of Maine - History Index - MHS Kathy Amoroso Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory Part of the History Commons Repository Citation Amoroso, Kathy, "History of Maine - History Index - MHS" (2019). Maine History Documents. 220. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistory/220 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact um.library.technical.services@maine.edu. Index to Maine History publication Vol. 9 - 12 Maine Historical Society Newsletter 13 - 33 Maine Historical Society Quarterly 34 – present Maine History Vol. 9 – 51.1 1969 - 2017 1 A a' Becket, Maria, J.C., landscape painter, 45:203–231 Abandonment of settlement Besse Farm, Kennebec County, 44:77–102 and reforestation on Long Island, Maine (case study), 44:50–76 Schoodic Point, 45:97–122 The Abenaki, by Calloway (rev.), 30:21–23 Abenakis. see under Native Americans Abolitionists/abolitionism in Maine, 17:188–194 antislavery movement, 1833-1855 (book review), 10:84–87 Liberty Party, 1840-1848, politics of antislavery, 19:135–176 Maine Antislavery Society, 9:33–38 view of the South, antislavery newspapers (1838-1855), 25:2–21 Abortion, in rural communities, 1904-1931, 51:5–28 Above the Gravel Bar: The Indian Canoe Routes of Maine, by Cook (rev.), 25:183–185 Academy for Educational development (AED), and development of UMaine system, 50(Summer 2016):32–41, 45–46 Acadia book reviews, 21:227–229, 30:11–13, 36:57–58, 41:183–185 farming in St.
    [Show full text]