I I tl I

,- I I I I I I I I equest for Extension of Area 1 711. 4099 456 I SAL ,r , - j . y I N l ll il!lil ~i illllil l! ~ ll llliliii~ IR Y I M0042337 I CANCELLED I I I I I I It Q I ~ lo II

I Infrastructure Library I 711 . 4099 4465361 456 SAL City of Sale request for I extension of area City of Sale Request for Extension of Area

ST8f - --~~----- I I LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL The Honorable The Minister for Local Government, 61 Spring Street, I , 3000. I Dear Mr. Minister, Re: CITY OF SALE I REQUEST FOR EXTENSION OF CITY BOUNDARIES I The Council of the City of Sale hereby makes application for the extension of its municipal area by the annexation of portions of the surrounding Shires of Avon and Rosedale pursuant to Sec. 23 (I) (b) of the Local Government Act. The boundaries of these areas are described in the I attachment. The area requested for addition to the City has been determined as a result of an assessment of future growth and is not an attempt to only annexe an area already receiving the overspill of development. It is an are·a large enough to control all growth requirements for up to I 20 years at present rates of growth and as such is an alternative to more frequent requests for small-scale addltions to the City which usually characterise requests of this type.

The request is based on the understanding of the immedi·ate and future development demands of a rapidly growing City. In our view, I it respects the existing rights of the surrounding Shires, but questions the effectiveness of dual control of a . contiguous urban area centred on one functional centre. It also maintains the need for the pre-planning of areas destined to become the future urban components of the city and for a buffer strip adjacent to its urban boundaries. Piecemeal and localised extensions to cope with problems after they exist is not considered a viable base for administrative continuity, nor is it proper to impose on adjacent Shires, the development and servicing I obligations for land ultimately to be sought for armexation by another Local Government Authority. - ·

The enclosed submission sets out the evidence gathered to illustrate the rapid growth of the various functional components of the City of I Sale and the projections made of area requirements for immediate and future development. · A thorough analysis of the surrounding land sought to be annexed has revealed. its suitabiliy and availability for various forms of urban development and has enabled an accurate assessment of the future shape and extent of the City.

I The details of Council's request for annexation have been imparted· to the surrounding Shires affected and they are fully informed of Council's intentions.

I Council would welcome the opportunity to present its request 1n detail and would be pleased to provide any further information. I By Order of the Council of the City of Sale the Common Seal of which was affixed . this day of 1.972. I I Mayor I Town Clerk

I ...... _... 1 I DESCRIPTION OF AREAS PROPOSED FOR ANNEXATION TO THE CITY OF SALE I I I I I I

(I) All that part of the m the Parish of Sale as follows: I

Commencing at a point on the western boundary of Crown Allotment I OS, Section I at the State Rivers and Water Supply channel I ·easement; thence generally easterly by that easement and channel reserve to the eastern boundary of Crown Allotment 132, Section I; thence southerly and easterly by the government roads forming the eastern bounda~y of that allotment and Crown Allotment 131, Section I and the northern boundary of Crown Allotment IS3, Section I; thence southerly by the eastern boundary of that allotment I and Crown Allotments 172, Section I; I, 2, 4, S, 6, 7 and 8, Section A, the western boundary of Crown Allotment 14, Section A and a line to the eastern angle of Crown Allotment IK, Section A; thence by the south-eastern boundary of that allotment and the eastern boundaries of Crown Allotments ID, IC and IE, Section A and a line to Flooding Creek being the present city boundary; thence I generally westerly, northerly and westerly by the city boundary to the point of commencement. I I (2) All that part of the in the Parish of Wurruk as follows: I

Commencing at a point on the Thomson River opposite the south-eastern boundary of Crown Allotment 7, Section D; thence south­ westerly by a line and the south-eastern boundaries of that allotment and Crown Allotment 6, Section D; thence generally north-westerly I by the government road forming the south-western boundaries of that allotment. Crown Allotments 8, 9, II and 12, Section D and Crown Allotments I A, 2A, 3A and 4A, No Section; thence westerly, northerly and westerly by the government road forming the southern' and western boundaries of Crown Allotment 21, Section E and the southern bounndaries of Crown Allotments 3S, No Section, 18, 6A, I SC, ·and SA, Section E; thence northerly by the government road forming the western boundaries of Crown Allotments SA, 9 and 10, Section E to the Eastern Railway, thence easterly by that railway and northerly by the western boundary of Crown Allotment 9, No Section and a line across Crown Allotment 9A, No Section to the Thomson River; thence generally south-easterly by the river to the point of commencement. I 2 I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I ...... I

INTRQDUCTION COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES A. Open Space - Recreation - Tour ism HISTORICAL BACKGROUND B. Education C. Traffic and Street System THE CITY OF SALE - MUNICIPAL SERVICES General Information on Municipality REGIONAL ROLE AS A SERVICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE Council CENTRE IN Staff Organisation Municipal Services LOCAL GOVERNMENT STATUS City of Sale Waterworks I Sale Sewerage Authority TOWN PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS '-· Town Planning Programme POPULATION AND RESIDENTIAL GROWTH 2. ·Extended Area - Existing controls by surrounding I Growth Rates and Residential Requirements Shires I. Population 3. Planning Arguments for Annexation 2. Residential Buildings 4. Regional Planning Authority for Sale Region I 3. Role of Housing Commission 5. Comparative Financial Situation 4. Housing Assistance and Finance Facilities 5. Densities CHARACTERISTICS OF AREAS TO BE ANNEXED I 6. Projections 7. Residential Capacity of Present City 8. Subdivision - Building Time Sequence SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I 9. Physical and Economic Limitations on City Growth I. Population Growth Requirements Proposed Residential Requirements 2. Employment Opportunities and Growth Requirements 3. Provision of Facilities and Services INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 4. Comparative Municipal Status A. Industry 5. Regional Role and Responsibilities I B. Commerce 6. Characteristics of the Area to be Annexed I I I I I TABLES I I I I. Sale - Municipal Population and Dwellings - 1961-71 I 2. Total Dwellings Built in Sale- 1966-71 3. Total Housing Commission Dwellings 4. Ratio of Dwellings per Allotments I 5. Ground Water Levels 6. Workforce in Sale I 7. Labour - Workforce by Local Government Areas 8. Labour - Potential Female Labourforce 9. Labour Workforce by Industry I I0. Manufacturing - Factory Statistics II. Manufacturing in Sale- 1964-65, 1967-68. I 12. Shopping Outlets and Floor Space 13. Value of Approvals for Shops, Offices, Factories· 14. Value of Approvals by Class I 15. State Primary School Enrolments 16. State Secondary School Enrolments I 17. Residence of Persons Visiting Doctors or Dentists 1n Sale 18. Residence of Persons Using Community Facilities 1n Sale 19. Percentage of Users of Facilities from Outside Sale I 20. Sale C.B.D. - Percentage Patronage for Different Purchases 21. Sale C.B.D. - Frequency of Visits 22. Sale C.B.D. - Patronage by Area of Residence I 23. Percentage Purchase of Goods Outside Sale 24. Population, Growth Rates and Density Comparision of Cities, I Towns and Boroughs I I I ;·5 ~I I PLANS

I I. Proposed Boundaries of City of Sale I 2. Water Supply and Sewerage 3. Residential Growth Areas Within Present City 4. Development Restraints I: Flooding and Aircraft Noise I 5. Development Restraints II: Geology and Water Tables 6. Development Restraints Ill: Irrigation Area and Channels 7. Industrial Development I 8. Commercial Trade Areas 9. Central Business District Development Plan I I 0. Open Space Areas I I. 1971 Average Weekday Vehicle Volumes 12. Projected 1991 Vehicle Volumes on the Recommended Street I System 13. Recommended Street System I 14, Relative Importance of Regional Functions 15. Areas of Special Planning Interest beyond Sale 16. Annexation I 17. Future Urban Development Stages 1n Annexation Area I I I I I I ~,T

I ' I I APPENDICES I I I I. Growth Rate Calculations 2. Subdivision - Development Ratios I 3. Administrative Areas of Government Departments I 4. Comparative Financial Statement I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I Introduction I I I INTRODUCTION I I I I

This report has been prepared by the Council of the City of Sale I to provide a fully documented analysis of the factors relating to its request for the extension of the boundaries of the City.

I The following major areas of inquiry have been pursued: ( 1.) Population growth, residential requirements and land available for residential purposes; I J (2.) Employment opportunities in the main business sector ·of the economy, their growth potential, sp-ace requirements and I planning implications; (3.) The provision of facilities and services as part of a- future planning programme;

I (4.) Comparative analysis with other municipalities of similar size and status;

(5.) Responsibilities for the administration and planning control of I certain areas and activities external to Sale in the light of its role as a regional centre in Gippsland, and

(6.) The characteristics of the area to be annexed, the functional I links an·d degree of physical homogeneity with the present City.

The approach adopted by Council has been to critically examine I the past development of the City and to establish trends and pro­ jections to permit the estimation of need. The report highlights the particular physical restraints to future growth both within the I present boundaries and in the areas beyond the City. The pr~blems associated with growth are exemplified by such features as the flood plain of the Thomson River and the civil and I military airfields. .

The area selected by Council to be requested for anne~ation to the City has been arrived at after a deta;led consideratiqF.i; of all I of the City's requirements and suitability of the available land. It I 11 .!l. I

has also been based on the requirements of a reasonable area which Council is able to administer and to adequately_ control for town planning purposes (See Plan I). .. While the area selected by Council may appear to be large, it has been uppermost in its considerations that requests 'for extensions I to the boundaries of the City should not be made frequently but rather an area large enough to permit long term growth and plan­ ning should be sought. I The Council of the City of Sale believes that Sale and its envir.ons is one of the important growth centres of the State outside the Metropolis and provincial cities. It is therefore imperative that its future should be under the control of the local government I body which is most able to provide the required services and facilities which modern urban development requires. I I I I I I I I I I I I

'.-· 'l ·~ I 12•• I I PARISH Of' SALE NORT H I Scale , 50 Chains to 1 Inch I I I I I I I I I

I PARISH OF WURRUK WURRUK I ~.$~j AREA PROPOSED FOR ANNEXATION I I I PROPOSED BOUNDARIES OF CITY OF SALE 1 I lB I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1. Historical Background I I I HISTORICAL BACKGROUND I I I I I Sale was proclaimed a Borough on IOth August, 1863, a Town on 21st November, 1924,. and a City on 31st May, 1950. In fact it I was the first City proclaimed in Gippsland. It is a "Cathedral City" in the full sense of the term, being the See of the Anglican Bishop of Gippsland and of the Roman Catho­ I lic Bishop of the Diocese of Sale.

The name "Sale" was given in honour of Sir Robert Henry Sale, I the hero of Jellalabad, in Afghanistan, who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Moodkee in 1845.

I The first recorded settlement at Flooding Creek (Sale) was in 1844. Archibald Mcintosh, a blacksmith, was the first settler. Sale was a stopping place for travellers from to gold m1nes I at Dargo, Grant, Walhalla, Omeo and points further east. The first survey of a township at Flooding Creek (Sale) was niade by Penrose Nevins in 1848, but it was not until 1850 that the first I land sale took place. Messrs. Patrick and George Turnbull of Port Albert, purchased all the allotments at the first land sale.

I In more recent times the status of Sale as a developing City has been due to the establishment of the R.A.A.F. Bases at East and West Sale duririg the Second World War, and the development of the East Sale R.A.A.F. Base as a training base after the cessation I of hostilities. -

The discovery of the Barracouta off-shore gas field 40 miles east­ I south-east of Sale i11 April 1965, and the establishment of Sale as the permanent base of operation by Esso-B.H.P. partnership with the development of the Longford crude stabilization and gasifica­ I tion plant, has established Sale as the fastest growing country municipality in the State of Victoria (5.3% in 1969-70). I t5 I

I L N l I FAUNA PARK I I I I I I I I I 2.. City of Sale - Municipal Services I I

THE CITY OF SALE I MUNICIPAL ACTIVITIES I

I GENERAL INFORMATION ON MUNICIPALITY I I I I I I Area ... 6,321 Acres Proposed Area I 0,200 Acres

I Population (Preliminary) ... I 0,904, June 1971 I Dwellings (Preliminary) 3,093, June 1971 Basis of Rating ...... u.c.v.

I 1970 (Old) on U.C.V. General - Urban 4.30c in $ Rural 2.50c in $ N.A.V. Equiv. 15.48c in $ I Valuation u.c.v. $5,237,575 C.I.V. $27,628,365 N.A.V. $1 ,402,597

I 1972 (New) on u.c.v. General ~ Urban 2.3c in $ Rural 1.3c in $ Valuation u.c.v. $13,279,660 I C.I.V. $45,932,140 N.A.V. $2,750,937

I The comparative financial situation with surrounding shires 1s dis­ cussed in a subsequent section. I 1·7 .. j I I COUNCIL STAFF ORGANISATION I I I

There are nine Councillors representing three wards in the City. (The Ward system is currently under review because of the present I imbalance in boundaries and representation). Town Clerk's Department

All the Councillors are active in community affairs and many re" This Department is administered by the Town Clerk/Rate Collector I present Council on various non-government bodies. Each has (Mr. J. L. Low), Assistant Town Clerk/ Assistant Rate Collector, particular responsibilities in a number of the IS Council Com­ Costing Officer and twc female typists/ clerks. mittees. At the moment the accoun7ing system is a manual one, but during I The following is a short summary of each of the Councillors, his 1972 investigations will be made to determine the possibility of experience and an indication of his special contribution to the installing a mechanised system to cope with the increasing work government of the City. load. Provision would be allowed for further needs when these I investigations are carried cut. I Cr. B. H. Bowman. Teacher at the Technical School (Mayor) City Engineer's Department Elected 1969 ··' I The City Engineer's Department is administered by the City En­ Cr. G. Rossetti Company Director of a General gineer (Mr. A. J. Lewis), Assistant Engineer and three Engineering (Deputy Mayor) Hardware Company and Funeral Assistants, Building Inspector and Superintendent of Works, Parks Elected 1969 Home I and Gardens, and W aterw:::>rks together with. clerical and outdoor Cr. D. Chester Life Assurance representative staff which at the moment numbers 60 personnel. Ele~ted 1967 The Engineering Department is responsible for all public works and I Cr. P. Clancy Public Accountant service,s, parks and gardens, buildings and town. planning in Sale. Elected 1964 With the day labour staff it undertakes most of its constructional work as well as a large proportion of residential street construction I Cr. L. Glover Senior Radio Engineer with 3TR in new subdivisions. In the last three years the department has Elected 1965 made major c~ntributions to >public works and services over and above continual maintenance and basic service reponsibilities; this I Cr. C. Jackson Senior Cor:~monwealth Public Servant includes $1,100,000 expenditure on five miles of new roads, Stock Elected 1968 ,Market, Swimming Pool Complex, Sporting Complex and other public works such as the deepening of Lake Guthridge, and the Cr. 0. Ruff Security Officer at Longford Oil and completion of a new Caravan Park. I Elected 1960 Gas Plant Cr. C. Shephard Life Assurance representative I Elected 1970 Community Services Cr. W. Stephenson, O.B.E. A retired builder and Director of a Elected 1951 number of companies and active 1n The remainder of the staff IS involved in some aspect of direct I community affairs in general community service includin•j a Health Inspector (who has recently ·I I

MAYOR'S ROOM, I CITY COUNCIL OFFICES I I I I I I I I I

become responsible for this serv1ce in the Shire of Avon as well). MUNICIPAL SERVICES I Librarian and assistant, Infant Welfare Siste;, Impounding Officer, Parking Officer, Dog Registration Officer and Meat Inspector. I Part-time Assistance ar.d Consultants.

I The Council engages perso1s end firms with :::.xperience 1n their various fields to assi;t the Coura:: I

Water and Sewe:age Messrs. C. \V. Can.cy & Part­ The Cit·, of Sale is a Coun:::.il COITFrising n1ne councillors. These I ners Councill•)rs automatically become 'l'ilembers of the Sale Sewerage City Solicitor Mr. K. J. f.rumc.n Authority and the Water Autho;ity. Town Planning ConSJitants I Messrs. l(ei+t Lange ~ P-~ ·tners The e>eclrlive staff of Council a ::lm;r.ister both the Sewerage and Medical Officer of Health Docte-r J. C.}nt·-vell the Wate· Supply Authorities. This system has proved to be very Consulting Engireer; and ad·van'lagEous, as the Counci :ors ore responsible for three essential I Architects Messrs. Farbill & Fr:eeman services, i.e., municipal, sewe;age an:! water, whilst preserving the (Sports Cen+re] rights and lo~king after the interest of three separate corporate I

:~--19., . '· I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

UPPER: LAKE GUTHF.IDGE R€CLAMATION SCHEME MI!)DLE: 'TIP SERVI_CE UPPEP.: PRIVATE ·STREET CONSTRUCnON I LOWER: STOCK MARKET LOWER: SPORTING COMPLEX UNDER CONSTRUCTION I ·~·., .'2~. 'U'4)

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bodies. P!roblems associated with the three ser:ic~s are far more Meals on Wheels I readily resolved than they would be if t_bree separate bodies had to be consulted. The Council in conjunction with the Gippsland B.ase Hospital, pro­ vides a Meals on Wheels Service to people within the City of Sale. The revenue of the three Authorities for the ye~r 1969-70 was: I This service is co.nfined to people who reside within the Sale area, Sale City Council $585,459.81 but requests have been received to extend this service to the Rose­ Sale Sewerage Authority $1 19, I I 7.00 dale Shire, i.e., people living in Wurruk, and the facilities for catering for extra meals is now being developed so that this can Sale City Water Supply $83,396.84 be extended.

I The Council provides a full range of services to all persons resident within the City, and many auxiliary services to persons outside the Elderly Citizen's Centre I City. These services comprise: The Council has recently completed a building for the Sale Elderly Citizens Club. Loan funds for this building were provided by Infant Welfare Centre Council, with annual contributions being raised by a voluntary I committee. This centre is provided for the benefit of all elderly The Council operates the Infant Welfare Centre with a trained persons in the Sale district. nursing sister in charge. The people who attend this centre come I from approximately a ten mile radius around the City, and a large proportion coming from the areas south of Sale. Kindergarten I Out of 409 enrolments during 1971, 31 of these were from outside the present boundary of the City. There are three kindergartens operating within the City of Sale. The .Council allocates an annual grant towards the running of I these kindergartens. Twelve of the children attending these kinder­ gartens come from the surrounding shires (but mainly Rosedale Immunisation Shire).

I The Council runs an immunisation programme for pre-school chil­ dren and adults. This service is provided to all who apply from the surrounding areas. I Library

The Council owns and operates a ·Library Service. This service is I Meat Area provided to all who apply, there being no charge to people who live or work in Sale and are not ratepayers, but they must be spon­ sored by a ratepayer. People resident beyond the City can borrow The Sale City meat area extends into the Avon and Rosedale Shires, after payment of a subcription of $4. There are 406 borrowers I and Council employs a Meat Inspector who inspects all the abat­ toirs for this area on a daily basis. resident outside Sale. I Home Help Art Centre

I A Home Help Service is provided to all people resident within the In the Municipal Buildings Complex there is an Art Centre com­ City. There have been many requests for this service to be pro­ prising two large art galleries and an office. A voluntary commit­ vided outside the municipal district particularly from the R.A.A.F. tee is responsible for the raising of funds, for the maintenance and I Base and Wurruk, but owing to the cost of operation and obtain­ running costs and the disbursement of government grants. This ing suitable personnel, this has not been possible. centre caters for people as far afield as Yarram and . I { I

The estimated cost of the project is $296,000 and 1s provided for Tip Service ) the.".use of all pe~ple ,within the district: A Municipal Tip is provided free of charge with. ;,c; restriction on I usage, and is manned by employees of the Council at all times. The tip is open as follows: Sporting Complex I . Saturday and Sunday - 8.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.. m. Monday to Friday - 8.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Tenders have been accepted and work has commenced on .the :onstruction of the Sale City Sporting Complex.~ The complex comprises two basketball courts, two badminton courts, squash · I court, gymnasium, grandstand and rooms for Sale cricket and football clubs and a table tennis area, and it is hoped that this ·Garbage will be used extensi·;ely by all people in the Sale district. The cost of the project is $273,000. The Council maintains a weekly garbage service. This service makes I use of an up to date and efficient garbage compaction vehicle. I Stock Market A large Stock Market Complex was completed in May 1970 at a CITY OF SALE WATERWORKS (See Plan 2) I cost of $320,000. The yards provide pens for Sheep, Cattle, Pigs and Calves. A selling ring for Dairy Cattle, and offices for Agents, and a Cafeteria ·for the use of people attending the sale is also part of the complex. The value of stock sold was $24 mil­ I lion in 1969.

From a recent survey taken, it has been found that these yards ar·e used almost exclusively by persons who are not ratepayers of the I City, the majority living within a 20 mile radius of the City. The cost of maintaining the yards for 1971-72 is $33,000. I Olympic Pool The Council operates the Sale City Waterworks as a separately constituted body uncer the Water Act. A modern Swimming Pool Complex is completed (apart from an I indoor heated pool). The complex includes Olympic sized pool, In 1968, the Council commenced investigations into alternative diving pool, waders pool, learners pool and an indoor heated pool methods of supply, which was at that time for Thomson River. currently under construction. The high level of pcllution caused by upstream irrigation farming I I I I I

SWIMMING POOL COMPLEX I I I I PARISH OF SALE NORTH I Scale : SO Chains to 1 Inch I I I I I I I I I

I PARISH OF WURRUK WURRUK

EXISTING SEWERED AREA I WATER SUPPLY .....__... WATER RETICULATION AREA OF SALE

I - WATER RETICULATION AREA OF WURRUK I I WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE 2 I 23 I

and industrial discharges had made the water undrinkable on SALE SEWERAGE AUTHORITY (See Plan 2) numerous occasions and unsuitable for industrial users. I Work has recent ly been completed on the installation of three bores wh ich can supply the treatment works in excess of three mil ­ lion ga ll ons per day. The water is then treated by aeration, sedi­ me ntation and filtrati on and pumped to the Water Tower and I reticulated to the City. Tenders are being called for the construction of a new Water Tower of I 00,000 gal lons capacity with a head of 150 feet which I will improve water pressure for the City. The C ity of Sale supplies water to the following places ou tsi de the mu nic ipa l district. I R.A.A.F. Base East Sale West Sale Ae rodrome I As previously stated, the Sale Sewerage undertaking is ad minis­ Wurruk Water Tru st - Water is so ld to the Trust in bulk at the tered by the Coun cill ors of the City of Sale. The Cou ncill ors serve treatment works. It is envisaged that the Wurruk Water Works Trust wou ld be taken over, redu ci ng the water rate and prov iding as members of th e Sewerage Authority and whilst some officers I a better supply. are wholly employed by the Auihority , others are shared between the City, the Sewerage and Water Authorities. Es so -B .H.P. - Water sol d in bulk for drinking water at the Gas Plant at Longford . Water is also sold to district farmers for drink­ All but the outlyi ng parts of the mu ni cipal ity are connected to the I ing water. sewerage system an:! sewage is pumped direct to the Latrobe Valle y Outfal l Sewer at Longford. An outli ne of capital expenditure on water supply over the past three years is as follow s: I Sewerage facilities are already provided for the Wurruk Hotel/ Capital Expen diture: 1970/ 71 1969/ 70 1968/ 69 Motel , outside the City bound ary, by special agreement with the $140,743 $96,525 $87 ,854 Sewerage Authority. The maior works completed comprise: I New Filtration Plant The Authority is continuall y extendin g its services an d has recently 15" diameter Rin g Main co nstructed a second ma ior pumping staton to serve the northern Bore Pu mps :Jrea of the City. ~~ew trunk sewers are be in g laid to fac ilitate Gas Engines the sewering of th e 1ewly developing areas. I Th e C ou ncil is finalizing a scheme to serve an eventual population of 30,000 persons in the yea r 1992. Th e scheme involves the construc­ Si nce its formation, the Sale Sewerage Authority has expended tion of a 5,000,000 gallon storage basin at Longford, establishment over $1 ,600,000 on sewerage works and at the moment is investi­ I of further bores and construction of a 2,000,000 gallon a day fi lter. qating additional methods of disposal by way of its ow n sewe rage These works are estimated to cost I :4- mi ll io n dollars . fa rm. I I I I I I 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3. Population and Residential Growth I I I POPULATION AND RESIDENTIAL GROWTH I GROWTH RATES AND RESIDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS I I I

I I. POPULATION

I Sale is the fastest growing municipality in the State outside the metropolitan area. It recorded a 5.3% per annum increase between 1969 and 1970 (Census estimates) compared to the Shire of Barra­ baal (4.3%), the next nearest. The Melbourne Statistical District I recorded 2 .2%.

Sale assumed dominance only in the year 1969-70 but relative boom conditions have operated since 1966. There is no reason to foresee I any drastic reduction in growth rates although some stablilisation is evident. I TABLE I

I SALE - MUNICIPAL POPULATION AND DWELLINGS 1961-71 (Census Estimates)

% Increase % Increase I Year Population Per Annum Dwellings Per Annum 1961* 7,899 2,135 1.78 1962 8,040 1.37 1963 8,190 I 2.07 1964 8,360 1.91 1965 8,520 1.41 I. 1966* 8,640 2,317 1.85 3.28 1967 8,800 2,393 2.27 4.35 1968 9,000 2,497 2.77 8.49 1969 9,250 2,709 5.29 3.58 1970 9,740 2,806 I 6.82 3.46 1971*t I0,404 2,903 -·

Source: Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics. I *Census Years tPreliminary Estimate

/ ,. I 1-1 .. 25 I

NEW PRIVATE HOUSING ESTATE . I I I I I

• ! I

' I !1,. I I' ,·i I 2. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ' I doubled while the number of· houses increased by only half the amount. Larger blo~ks and partly developed estates account for much of this. Boom lconditions\encourage and require large scale subdivision well ahead of development and this facilitates estate -= -- ~ I · Th~ rafe of building has been slower and only recently h~s supply 'p.lanning and provid~s the home purchaser with a wider ra-nge of been able to satisfy ·demand in Sale. By 1·966, there were 2,317 ' choices. · · ~ . . . · dwellings in the City of which 438 had been built by the HoLsing Commission. The table· below records the subsequent development. The Housing Commission areas north 'of Dawson Street have I ' 1- rapidly filled up but since the beginning of 1970 little private build­ ing has been attracted there. Since 1968, the slightly r:nore un­ dulating and attractive land between Guthridge Parade and Patten ' • Street has developed more steadily with more recent building in I TABLE 2 I ! . Ben Acre Park Estate~ Alameda Estate and Guthridge Estate to the t- south-east·: TOTAL DWELLINGS BUILT IN SALE 1966-71 (Houses and Flats) 1 I Buildings Completed (end June) (1) Housing Commission (end·Jure) (2) 1 Houses Flats (Units) Houses Flats (Ur,its) I 1967 74 14 47 8 I ~ 1968 84 '19 42 I 1969 106 125 25 lb .... 1970 86 31 55 1971 . 57 22 47 3. ROLE OF THE HOUSING COMMISSION I Source: (I) Bureau of Census and Statistics - Building Operaiions ' I (2) Housing Commission of Victoria · · I . • The Housing Commission estates have been ·responsible for the I . I spearheading of dev'elopment towards the fringes of the existing Until recently, -residential development in Sale was confined . and i city area. compact within the bounds of Raglan Street and Guthridge Pande. I Little vacant residential" land now remains in this area. During .the year ending 30th June, 1969.- the Commission com­ I pleted ·25 houses in ISale, compared to 81 houses completed by .The 1966 boom exploded development beyond these confines with private developers. Since 30th June, 1969, a further 99 houses Housing Commission growth taking in orderly blocks to the' north have been complete~ by the Commission (to May, 1971 ). This ''l. -.._and private estates)extending in a haphazard fashion to t~e ecst. brings the total num~er of houses c'onstructed in Sale by the Com­ I '\ · Th'1" actual land area involved for residential purposes almost I' mission since its inc~ption, to 677. Of the. total dwelling units in ~- !. t I I '' HOUSING COMMISSION I I I I I

I the City, the Commission has cor:siructed approximately 23% (61 I external finish than those built by private developers and mora houses and flats completed to 31 d March, I 9?0). The more recent recent plans indicate an improvement in layout a·nd landscaping. Commission e;tates are of a qua:ify comparaole to other areas in I Sale, with constructed streets including full kerb .:~nd channelling.,.

4. HOUSING ASSISTANCE AND FINANCE FACILITIES I TABLE 3: TOTAL HOUSING c·OMMISSION DWELLINGS (1.) The Housing Commission assists in providing houses for em­ I End June 1966 1967 l

To date the .C:::>mmission has built 42 fla~ u,1its, amounting to 6.5% Den;ities and occupancy rates are decreasing. The figures for of total dwellings built by it in S

~--

The accommodation density (i.e., the number of dwellings per Recent studies have been conducted for the Council to determine acre) varies from 0.0 I (one house to I 00 acres) in the outlying minimum and maximum growth rates in order to allow for flexible I flood-prone areas to 5.4 -.in the Housing Commission areas north planning. From these studies, existing and future populations were of the town. Since 1966, 958 acres of land have been transferred calculated for both the City of Sale and for the total region. to the City of Sale from the Shire of Avon making a total of 6,321 acres for the City. The increased acreage related to the Past qrowth rates were calculated initially on the basis of official I Bureau's estimated number of dwellings for 1969 of 2,709, brings -:ensu; estimates for the City of Sale. the overall accommodation density for Sale to 0.43 dwellings per acre (about five acres for every two houses). However, if indus­ trial and commercial areas and the large tracts of rural land are 1947-70 3.9% I excluded, the accommodation density for the total residential area 1966-69 2.3% is 2.9 dwellings per acre (one acre for three houses). (In 9ll of 1966-70 3.1% these calculations, streets and incidental uses are included). I These figures suggest . that every I00 people (say . 30 houses) .A. 1971 estimate wc:s reached by an analysis of recent building occupy I0 acres of rEjsidential land and 65 acres for other pur­ approvals - both private and Housing Commission, and from poses but this ignores vacant residential and other land. State Electricity Commission connections to domestic consumers. I The total population was calculated on the basis of an occupancy" rate of 3.4 persons per dwelling for private houses and 4.6 persons The Gross Residenti~l Density for Sale, (i.e., the number of persons per dwelling for Housing Commission houses. Adjustments were per acre) varies between 0.04 (rural) and 15.90 (urban) on the basis also made for flats. I of the 1966 Census figures within overall density of 1.5. There is little change in the figures between 196'1 and 1966 but the in­ creases which have occurred have been mainly ir the north-eastern This method produced population estimates for 1971 which were sector of the City which includes the Housing Commission estates. .higher than stated cy the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and I Statistics. At June, 1970 the population was calculated to be The occupancy rate (i.e. persons per dwelling) is high in Sale even I0, 138 (compared with the Census estimate of 9, 740). At May, compared to metropolitan standards, ranging between 3.17 and 1971 it reached I 0,730 and by June probably about I 0, 773. (This I 5.58 in 1961 and 2.90 and 5.58 in 1966. The average given in 1961 compares with the preliminary Census estimate of 1_0,404 (June was 3.52 "inmates per private dwelling" while in 1966 the average 1971 ), not available at the time of these calculations). This changes was 3.7 and the estimated average in 1969 is 3.4. The decline the growth rate to 4.3% per annum since 1966. Future population since 1966 in the occupancy rate is probably the result of the has been predicted at five year intervals up to 1991 on the basis of I increased number of flats being built in the Sale area, which gene­ a straight line growth (i) and an accelerated growth (ii) (4.3% com­ rally cater for individuals and couples rather than large family pounded). See Appendix I. The former predicts a total of 19,000 groups. Occupancy rates adopted for projection purposes were by 1991 and the latter 20,000 by 1986 and 25,000 by 1991. 4.6 persons per dwelling (Housing Commission - the present I average) and 3.4 (private). The overall rate is 3.7. Accom­ modation densities will also reduce as the Housing Commission is now conforming to Column 3, of the Uniform Building Regula­ tions and the Council is requiring Column 4 standards for new I private residential land sub-division. I 7. RESIDENTIAL CAPACITY OF PRESENT CITY I Future urban zoning within the town boundaries has been shown in three stages. (See Plan 3). The existing population in each area 6. PROJECTIONS was calculated on the above occupancy rates of the .existing houses. Stage I has already been largely subdivided. Net densities of 15 I p.p. ac. (private) and 20 p.p. ac. (Housing Commission) for Stage I were adopted for c:dditional capacity. Council policy for future The erratic growth rates over the last few years provide no sure subdivisions requires Column 4 for privately developed areas. The I basis for projection. The 1970-71 growth rate showed a tendency Commission is also increasing lot sizes in its subdivisions. For to stabilisation and tliis conformed most closely to the average Stages II and Ill net densities of 13 p.p. ac. (private) and 17 p.p. ac. rate since 1966. It was adopted for projection purposes and as (Housing Commission; were used to calculate additional capacity . . it contains built-in boom spasms, it should represent an average The remaining total capacity of these stages was caluclated and re- I guide for the future. lated to the projections. ·

··.28 ·- ·-·- ·---, i n S A L( IU.C E C OU iJIS[ i

I NORTH Scale : 40 chains to 1 inch I I TO C O BA I N S I I I I I I TO THE HEAfH I I I PROPOSED STAGING TO FULL DEVELOPMENT

I &ml STAGE 1 (DEVELOPING NOW) I V /21 STAGE 2 c:::J STAGE 3

HOUSING COMMISSION AREAS

GROWTH RATE STUDY AREAS

GROWTH AREAS WITHIN PRESENT CITY n I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PEOPLE OF THE REGION AT CAROLS BY CANDLELIGHT

0 I

Additional Growth Total Capacity as wide a range of choice as to locations and sizes as possible, I Stage I 3,113 13,843 having regard to the nature of the land in the area. Stage II 4,254 18,097 An analysis of the subdivision - building sequence in the outer Stage Ill 5,048 23,145 developing areas of the City, reveals a fairly stable ratio over the I Relocation from town centre -350 22,795 last six years of the number of houses built related to the number 20 year projection (i) 19,090 3,705 surplus of allotments (Appendix 2 tabulates this for 26 outer areas. for each (ii) 25,000 3,395 deficit year since September 1966). See Plan 3. This establishes a statis­ tical relationship between the degree of development and the (i) Straight line growth rate opening of another subdivision under natural market conditions. I (ii) Accelerated growth rate Naturally wide variations occur as each unit is not independent of ·These figures however are an unrealistic interpretation of real needs the influence of others. For example, a high ratio of allotments to or of an area necessary for the implementation of effective plan­ buildings was found in the old and less attractive residential sub­ I ning control because: division to the south towards the Game Refuge. These exag­ gerated the average unrealistically, thus the median ratio for each ( 1.) Capacity development is not characteristic· of fringe sub­ year was adopted and these are tabulated below. Housing Com­ I divisions. In Melbourne, policy is to open further land for mission areas, where strict planning eliminates the natural market development before an 80% development of subdivision in trend situaton, were not included. the surrounding area. Past experience in Sale would indicate a need for a lower ratio although the figures were compiled I during a boom period when planning control was less effec­ tive than at present. TABLE 4

(2.) Development opportunities should be provided on a stratified RATIO OF BUILDINGS PER ALLOTMENT I basis to offer choice of a range of economic capacity loca­ tions and environmental demands - such that low, medium and high priced areas are all available simultaneously. Such Ratio - Dwelling per a pattern of a real economic differentiation i~ developing in Year Allotments (Median) I Sale. (September) for fringe areas only 1966-67 (3.) There are real physical and economic limitations on residential I :2.2 growth in certain areas of known and unknown degree of re­ 1967-68 I :2.3 I striction. Natural growth trends may need to be controlled 1968-69 I :2.5 and orientated in other directions or be required to "leap" 1969-70 I :2.5 over the difficult areas. While actual residential space re­ 1970-71 I :2.5 I quirements may not increase, the urban area will enclose poc­ kets of usable but undeveloped land or produce a scattering Source: Council Building and Subdivision Statistics at lower densities. These limitations are discussed fully later.

(4.) Even if all residential needs could be accommodated and I controlled within the existing boundaries, the pressures on the immediate external area in surrounding shires will be suffi­ It is apparent that initially the ratio dropped as rapid development cient to stimulate development interest: This may happen in proceeded faster than new subdivisions. After this, boom condi­ the very near future, long before capacity development and tions maintained a constant ratio - higher than previously which I particularly a!ong the main road entrances to the City. Such would reflect a continuation of a high level of demand. development will need to be officially .administered and ser­ viced from shire offices located many miles away, and in some Insofar as this is relevant to future planning, the initial ratio would I instances without the benefit of planning control. best reflect the predicted growth rates. The boom is easing, but building anticipation and choice can be seen to be maintained at a level of twice as many blocks available per houses built at any one time in fringe areas. The planning implications of this I would suggest that as fringe subdivisions become SO% developed other new subdivisions should become available for selection and development. In the case of Sale, this would suggest some 464 acres excess subdivision over that built on at any one time (in ex­ I 8. SUBDIVISION - BUILDING TIME SEQUENCE cess of demand per annum) or an overspill in subdivision at popula­ tion of 16,7 60.

(If an 80% control was adopted the overspill would not occur until I In a planned community, it is necessary to provide sufficient land 20,380 population and involve an additional 186 acres available serviced and capable of immediate development and catering for at any one time). I

9. PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC LIMITATIONS ON CiTY GROWTH I

Flood Liable Land I (See Plan 4) More than half (54.2% - 3,249 acres) of the existing town area I of 6,321 acres is flood liable as measured during the floods of 1970. Enlargement of the city area will reduce this figure to 35.5% al­ though the actual flood liable land is increased to 3,630 acres by the inclusion of land at Wurruk out of a total proposed city area I of I 0,214 acres. I Aircraft Operation (See Plan 4) I Development to the north and east of the City will need to be curtailed because of the location of the flight paths and circuit

Recent alluvial deposits characterise the existing stream beds arid most of the flood liable land, as well as beds of former streams I now diverted by natural means into the present system. (Such a previous system can be recognised in the area between Dawson Street and Cobains Road).·· I. The developed urban area has an average height above sea level of 29 feet, with a maximum variation of approximately three feet. This small variation in levels means extremely flat grades, and in fact in one subdivision (Newnhams Estate) now under development, the level variation wc:s nine inches. I

I PARISH OF SALE 0 I NORTH I I I I I I I I I I

PARISH OF WURRUK WURRUK

I FLOOD LIABLE LAND

EAST SALE R.A.A.F. BASE Height limits for buildings on aircraft I approaches and circuit areas.

Possible noise interference from aircraft operations. · ~-~ I --=-- - ~~ I DEVELOPMENT RESTRAINTS ONE 4 I 33 I

The soil type varies from stiff clay to fine sand~. The sands usually Servicing Costs occur in conjunction with high water tables, creating bad construc­ tion conditions which require timbering and dewatering operations. I new subdivisional developments, the final construction cost for the Also the soil type and condition can vary with short distances and extensio.n of sewer mains (on subdivisions only) has varied from layers of water bearing sands between stiff clays is not uncom­ $230 per allotment (Column 4 development) to $870 per allotment mon. The heights of the water table can be within four feet of (Column 3 Housing Commission development)·. I the surface in sandy areas that once were or are adjacent to irriga­ tion land, to about 18 feet under clay areas. Overall in sandy A selection of servicing costs for new subdivisions is provided areas, the average water table is six to eight feet. below. I In the various extensions completed over the past three years on Plan 6 shows the existing irrigation area. Plan 5 shows water table levels supplied by State Rivers and Water Supply Commission. Records have not been kept regularly, but are sufficient to indicate I a trend in time and area patterns. Seasonal variations are normal but all records were taken at the end of the irrigation season SUMMARY OF COST OF SUBDIVISION REQUIREMENTS when they could be expected to be lower than the remainder of the year. Water table contours reveal levels ranging from three I Ben Acre Park Estate (Number of allotments - 83) feet (Newnhams Estate) to 15 feet near the R.A.A.F. Base. The highest levels (four feet to six feet from the surface) occur in a ESTIMATED COST definite trough surrounding the north-east of the town, north of Road/footpath $59,700 $719 ea. . . I Dawson Street ·to Somerton Park Road and south to Inglis Street. Sewerage $20,000 $241 ea. This is due to the nature of the subsoil, the very low gradients in Water $5,500 $66 ea. this area and its proximity to the irrigation area. Naturally the levels are high also in the vicinity of the Game Refuge. Total $85,200 ·Final Cost $82,063 I

There are three bores to the north-east of the town where more Guthridge Estates (Number of allotments - 32) up to date records have been kept. The readings are consistent I with the water table contours when averaged although they con­ ESTIMATED COST firm an annual variability. Road/footpath $34,628 $1082 ea. Sewerage $5,600 $175 ea. A major problem incurred with expansion into the irrigation area Water $3,300 $103 ea. I will be interference with the channel system. The southern part of the irrigation area depends entirely on a channel which traverses Total $43,528 Final Cost $42,474 the north east corner of the newly developing area and arcs en­ Note: Main sewer rad to be laid to this subdivision which cost I tirely around the directions of future growth. Problems of com­ $718.08 per lot or total of $23,000. pensation and cost of relocation of channels have already been experienced in the new estates. Alameda Estate (Number of allotments - 64) I An area to be immediately affected would be that north of Raglan ESTIMATED COST Street and east of Guthridge Parade which contains a dense net­ Road/footpath $58,149 $909 ea. work of channels. Sewerage $20,200 $316 ea. I Water $5,040 $79 ea.

Estimated Cost $83,389 Final Cost $77,179 TABLE 5 I Patana Estate (Number of allotments - 19) GROUND WATER LEVELs· AT END OF IRRIGATION SEASON APRIL- MAY ESTIMATED COST I Road/footpath $10,400 $547 ea. Well No. R.L. (ft.) 1952 1959 1962 1963 1964 1953 1954 Sewerage $4,200 $221 ea. (Plan 4) Water table level - feet below surface Water $1,200 $68 ea. I 62 25.2 2.5 4.85 4.3 7.5 3.9 4.25 5.0 63 27.8 5.6 13.0 7.3 5.6 7.3 8.0 8.5 Estimated Cost $15,800 Final Cost $12,203 65 24.3 0.9 10.0 4.25 1.2 3.2 4.0 4.9 Source: City Engineer's Report to State Development Committee I Source: State Rivers and Water Supply Commission - April 1971. I I 4 I PARISH OF . SA~E I I 7 I I I I I I I I I I

GEOLOGY I PLIOCENE sands, clays and gravels. (Inland beach ridges and dunes).

PLEISTOCENE clays, silts and sands -R~~~~~:~j (terrace deposits, silts and sands). I RECENT sands, clays, silts and gravels (alluvial, beach deposits, CITY OF SALE I swamps, marshes, mudbanks).

WATER TABLE LEVELS WATER TABLE depths in feet below I 5 the surface (from 1954·5 records). DEVELOPMENT RESTRAINTS TWO 5 I 35 I

Committed Lands Some areas already partially committed are not suitable for resi­ dential development - particularly that part between Dawson I In addition to the flood liable land, there are large areas of land Street and Cobains Road. The northern part of this area is not in reserve or broad acre use within the City which are unavailable committed to residential use and would be more suitable for indus­ for development totalling I 070.5 acres. trial purposes. This would relieve industrial development pressures on the land north of Dawson Street and east of Guthridge Parade I where a complicated channel system adds to development diffi­ culties. Altogether this would result in a loss of residential space Major areas of Committed Land Acres for I ,552 persons which reduces fhe overall capacity of the- exist­ I Racecourse 115 ing town to 21 ,200 and the subdivision overspill limit becomes Cemetery 34 Showgrounds 30 15,986 population. This amounts to 9-12 years growth depending High School Sire 16.5 on the rate of growth. Thus an area equivalent to· the existing Drive-In 10 fringe area (less existing population) would be required for a 20 I Game Reserve 760 year period for residential purposes only, i.e. 900-1 ,000 acres. Lake Guthridge Botanical Gardens 105 Stephenson Park } When the subdivision - building time - lag is added to the I problem of restrictions in the existing future urba·n zoning there is a definite need to look well beyond the existing municipal boundaries in the near future. This will be in two directions -­ .It is anticipated that further studies on resident(al requirements I will recommend avoidance of those areas worst affected· by air­ north-west, west of the Princes Highway (360 acres) both sides of craft noise and waterlogging. This is most apparent in the area Maffra Road, and west of the river and south and ·west of Wurruk north of Dawson Street to Cobains Road and to a lesser extent (I ,900 acres) which can be used for commercial, industrial and east of Somerton Park Road. institutional area expansion as well as residential use. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PARISH OF WUAAUK WURRUK

I m~:l~~%~~1 IRRIGATI<)N AREA PI IRRIGATI•)N CHANNELS

I E....,. MAIN IRFIGATION DRAINS I

I CITY OF SALE I DEVELOPMENT RESTRAINTS THREE 6 37 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 4. Industry and Corn111erce I I I INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE I I A. INDUSTRY I I I

Sale in the last few years has established a solid, diversified indus­ trial base, and achieved a regional status as a service and adminis­ I trative centre in Gippsland. This has had a self-generating effect on its. growth. The representation of industry and commerce as components of its overall economic structure will continue to in­ crease out of proportion to its population size. This activity in turn I generates increased employment and stability which in turn at­ tracts population.

Industrial activity has grown beyond the level of industries using I local raw materials for local markets. These remain a significant component however, but engineering and industries related the oil and natural gas exploration have provided the initial basis of I the recent boom, and present activities indicate a maintenance of these operations in Sale. In the wake of the boom, newer indus­ tries supplying national markets have arrived to take advantage of the side-effects of the boom - an enlarged pool of labour (mainly female), and on-site technical, transport,, commercial and social I improvements. These industries are the ·main stabilisers of town growth, and include two new textile factories which are to employ a total of 300 people and Felt and Textiles Plastics which has I increased production also. I.

I Employment

TABLE 6 I WORKFORCE IN SALE 1961 1966 I Total in Workforce 2,781 3,097 Total not at work 5,118 5,543 I Total Population 7,899 8,640 Source: Department of Labour and Industry. I 39 .. S .H J I

In 1966, the potential workforce in the City of Sale was 4,964 per­ sons (57.3 per cent of the total population), that is the number of people aged between 15 and 65. A further 34.7 per cent (3,004 I persons were less than 15 years old and another 7.8 per cent older than 64. In all 44.4 per cent of the population was younger than 20 years. The existing participation rate is 64.1 per cent (i.e., I actual workforce compared with potential workforce). (Male 87.8% and Female 38.5%).

The most recent comprehensive workforce figures available are I those from the 1966 Census. Table 7 below sets out the total workforce of Sale and the surrounding districts for the years 1966 and 1969. The 1969 estimates were obtained by applying a rate I of change in the workforce equivalent to the rate of change in the population for the corresponding years. Although this method will give an estimate of the total workforce of an area, it is not possible to estimate changes in individual employment categories I in the same way. I TABLE 7 LABOUR -WORKFORCE BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS I (Persons)

L.G.A. 1966 Census 1969 Estimate Change Sale City 3097 3556 + 14.8 I Rosedale Shire 2019 1928 -4.5 Maffra Shire 3269 3274 + 0.2 Avon Shire 1434 1225 -14.6 Bairnsdale Shire 4269 4566 + 7.0 I (incl. town) .l Total 14,088 14,549 + 3.3

, I ...,...... ~:;.~ ',~·, Source: Department of Labour and National Service. . I ···-

PlGIN:ERING As with population growth, Sale stands out with its high labour growth compared with the surrounding districts. Possibly some of Sale's employment growth has been as the expense of the surround-. I ing districts in that it has drawn part of its labour requirements from these areas.

It would seem that there was a female labour potential of approxi­ I mately 250 women in Sale in 1966 - that is, an extra 250 women who would be prepared to enter the workforce if there was em­ ployment available. The increase in Sale's population plus the overall increase in the female participation rate since 1966, would I bring the figure closer to 300 women at the present. The table below shows the size of th·s potential labour force for Sale and the st.rrounding Shires at the 1966 Census, using the Melbourne I female participation ratio.

The new textile factories have provided close to the full quota of employment opportunities for females. These are Crestknit and I V. Mayes and Co. I I

TABLE 8 I LABOUR - POTENTIAL FEMALE LABOURFORCE ... Actual Female Potential Female Area Employment Employment . Total I Sale 893 254 I, 147 Rosedale Shire 483 I 1.5 598 Maffra Shire 791 299 1,090 Avon Shire 319 67 386 I Bairnsdale Shire I, 100 413 I ,513 (incl. town) I Source: Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics· 1968.

In a recent study conducted by Harris, Lange-Voorhees in con­ I nection with a traffic analysis for Sale, employment projections were made on the basis of an enlarged female participation rate (50%) which increased the total to 69 per cent. A maximum rate of growth was also ·envisaged ·with a par·~icipation rate of 95 per I cent male (being that existing for the Sale region) and 50 per cent female (i.e. 74% of total). Thus at the minimum 20 year pro­ jection Sale can expect a workforce of 13,172 and at the maximum 1: projection, 18,419 persons.

TABLE 9 I TRANSPORT INDUSTRY LABOUR- WORKFORCE BY INDUSTRY Sale (I) Sale (2) Industry 1966 1970 I CLOTHING MANUFACTURING Primary Production 195 189 Mining and Quarrying 12 12 Manufacturing:- I Engineering 72 Vehicles 34 Yarns, Textiles 2 Clothing, etc. 15 I Food, Drink, Tobacco 73 Sawmilling, Furniture 25 Paper Printing 37 Other 118 I Total 376 482 Electricity, Gas, Water, Sanitary 43 52 Building and Construction 349 489 Communication 140 184 I Finance and Property 75 99 Commerce 598 776 Public Authority, Defence 348 454 Community and Business Services 555 120 I Amusements, Hotels, etc. 241 318 Transport and Storage 97 128 Other 68 108 I Total .. 3,097 4,006

Source: (I) Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics 1966. (2) Harris, Lange-Voorhees calculations 1970 on the basis I of same participation rate ·and distribution between sectors. I

4t.~.. , . J•· . I

-, ENGINEERING I I I I I I I Industrial Activity already located in Sale, such as F & T Plastics, Lacey and Sons and Surkitt's Engineering. I In Sale itself, there was little or no change between 1965 and 1968 10 ir the numbe· of fact·x·t3s and ~re number emp'oyed in each {ac­ TABLE tory although sa"aries c'lc wages, and th-:J _-alue of product.on, MAI\1UFA.CTURING ACliiVITY - FACTORY STATISTICS I oJtput and .snd buildir::~s and machinery eao:h increased by ap­ REGIONAL 1967-1968 prmimately 25 f=er c311t tc 30 per cent.

Local Number Employm,nt Salaries Value Value Value of Govern,ent of and of I T:1ese fi·3ure;. demons-ra-e rhe rroderate gro .... th in the manufac­ of Land, Build., area Factories Male Fe11ale \o\'ages Production Output Plant tLring sector in Sale. App·o;::im:J1ely 12% -o 15% of the increase (No.) (No) (1o) ($"000) ($'000) ($'000) ($'000) in the value of ::lUtput. productio:1, etc. has reSJited from infla­ Sale 51 40o ;6 I 133 2,645 6,025 2,351 tiJnary pres;Jres sinc3 9~:). 13L t overall the rate of growth of Rosedale 13 175 3 524 I ,869 3,591 4,227 I marufacturinq in Sale c:ppears teo be increasing neadily. Maffra 33 721 H 2 192 4,051 18,997 3,694 Avon 6 49 l:. 117 195 402 90 A more complete br·eaer cent •)f the tocal mc:rufaduring emplo)·me.1t and producing I ~64-5 1965-6 1966-7 1967-8 I 23 ::>er cent of the o.rtpJt of the Local Go·;enment Area (in v.~lue Number ::>f Factories 51 50 50 51 t3r~s). This se:br e;:p::riuceo +he highest em,)byment and ·)Ut­ Number :::Jf Employed Males 385 393 386 406 F.ut growth ·:~tes be+v:-e::n t S64-65 and 1967-t.:R,, due mainly to the Number of Employed Ferra!~ 67 77 79 76 influx o" the se\'era' ci: :1'1dus:r':' service comFa1ies (such as Tri Salar;es and Wages ($'0CO) 895 954 1,024 I, 133 I ~ta~e Oil Tools. •:)tis En3i 1eo3ring Corporation. and Dowell Schlum­ Valueof Procuction ($'000) 2, Ill 2,139 2,335 2,645 ber::Jer 'Nes~3m) whic1 calt'\e tc Sale to service the oil and natural Value of Ou--put ($'000) S, 159 5,136 5,545 6,025 gas developments in B:tSs Stra t and Longford: Also included in Valu~ Lc:1d, Build., Plan- ($'COO) J ,811 2,027 I ,917 2,351 I tllis section are the o+her la·se engineerin3 firms which were Source: Co·nmonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics. I .. I

INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, I INVICTUS COURT I I I 1. I

,, I '. '"

TABLE II

I MANUFACTURING IN SALE - 1964-1965 AND 1967-1968

Annual Annual 1964 65 1967-68 1964-65 1967-68 Growth 1964-65 1967-68 Growth I Class of Industry ·~ Number of Factories Number Employed Rate Value of Output 'Rate '(No.) (No.) (Persons) (Persons) (o/o) ($'000) ($'000) (o/o) Mine and Quarry Product; 4 4 10 9 -3.3 179- 168 -2.0 Bricks; Pottery, Glass I Chemicals, Dyes, Oil~. etc. Engineering 24 27 207 238 4.9 I ,022 'I ,405 12.5- Precious Metals, Jewellery Textiles (Not Dre~s) .I Skins and Leather .... "' Clothing Except Knitted 7 6 28 29 1.1 81 - 104' 9.4 Food, Drink, Tobc:cco ...... / 5 55 62 4.2 938 915 --'-0.8 Fur.niture of Woo::l, Bedding I Paper, Stationery, Printing 3 3 51 59 5.2 I ,287 I ,532 6.3 Musical Instruments Other Classes 6 5 1.0 I 85 -5.3 I ,653 I ,910 5.0 I Total 51 51 452 482 2.2 5,160 6,025 5.6 Source: Commonwealth Bureau of Censu~ and Statistics. I

Another important ca_tegory was the Fcod, Drink and Tobacco Dutch Bakery, Newnham's Bacon Factory and the Ccystal Cordial sector, which contained six factories in 1967-68, employed 62 Company. I people and produced output valued at $915,000. But there .was The ~nly. ~+her. category. of any importance was the Paper, Sta­ little growth' in this sector, for between · 964-65 and 1967-68 the tionery and Printing sector which, although containing only three number of factories decreased by one,. ~hile overall employment factories, had the highest output figure for all the sectors in I increased by seven persons and the value of output decreased by 1967-68 at $1,532,000. The two main firms in this sector are Ente~- $23,000. The main firms in this sector were Hennessy Bakery,·. prise Press and Southern Newspapers. ' " I I. ' 1- Overall the total· number of factories in the manufacturing ,sector. ...,acec~ I Requrrements · · for · I nd ustrra · I Growt h remained stagnant at 51 behveen 1964-65 and 1967-68, although total employment increased by 30 _persons at an average annual I rate of 2.2 per cent per annum, and the value of output increased at a rate of 5.5 per cent per _annum. Thus, overall, the average •.. , •, 1· . d I f . d' 'd I . d t . I I d employment per factory increased f;om 8.9 persons to 9.5 persons, , P'ann1ng r:;o 1cy an en argement o 1n 1v1 ua 1n us na an and the average factory output increased from $10 I ,000 per fac­ rE'quiremen~s combine to suggest a large' scale enroachment upon I tory to $1 18,000 per factory. land ~ear end beyond the existing city margins. At present indus­ tr:ial l~nd is within five ~ifferent locations within the City. The difference between Sal~'s growth rate and that for the region' ' I as a whole is mainly due to the increased activity in the town' This slatte~ed distri~ution and in some cases undesirable location since the oil and natural gas disccveries. The increased demand 1 should: be . remedied and it is likely that future growth will be upon the existing manufacturing companies led to _a higher growth , cooce~trated in three or four. areas (See Plan 7). South Gippsland rate than the city would have otherwise. experienced. There was· _ r_igh~ay, Showgrounds/Dawson Road, Union Street and Raglan I also a natural carry-over into the- building industry and tertiary S·,·eet,, eas!l- of Guthridge Parade_. Although there is plenty of business industries to meet' the· increased demands for dwellings ·' 1 v.~ant industrial land within the borders at present land immedi­ and business services. - a~dly 'over the boundary - east of Guthridge Parade and north .. o~ Da\...,son Street could be very vulnerable to pressure for indus­ I 1 Recent developments, sustain an element of optimism with respect tr.i:JI u'se. The land is interweaved with irrigation channels essential to continued support for the town from oil and gas developments. to. th~- cor:tinuation of the system further south ·and urban use Exploration programmes for: 1972 are extensive and, the year pro­ o; thei land would complicate the interest of both activities. More, mises to be the most active in the area. A new exploration com­ a~~ractive, more usable land for industrial use may be availabl!i! I pany (Halliday Enterprises ~ty. Ltd.) will drill three offshore wells;: !'­ ir., thJ area west pf Guthridge Parade, north of Dawson Street Esso-Hem·atite will drill another five wells offshore and two test w!-:erel aircr:Jft noise may prejudice further· residential development. wells in the Otway Basin. Sale cannot depend on the oil and gas~ · L·:::ng !erm ,industrial expansion :Within the proposed extended ar~a industry for continue·d and stable growth however, and other -indus-: i -I tries will have to be attracted to the town. The recent arrival of ' is:,.env_is~ge~::J in the Wurruk area north of the Highway between the two textile firms illustrates the capacity of the City to attract: . th-3 railway"' and the riv~r. It is an extensive' area. with the benefits industry and the activeness of the promotion being undertaken ;: of definite boundaries to facilitate planning control and convenl- by Council. . , f - . transport. I 1:. , I r 'jl • .. I PLASTICS INDUSTRY I I I I I I I

1 i . ~ ~ J ..- · -·- · - · ~ I I S ALE AA C E C O U ASE • I NORTH I I Scale·: 40 chains to 1 inch

I .COB.toiN S I I I I I I I . ~ I THE HEART I I I I

I - EXISTING INDUSTRIAL AREAS

:::::::::::::::::::::: FUTURE INDUSTRIAL AREAS I ·:·:·:·:-:·:·:·:·:·:·: CITY OF SALE

I INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT I I

B. COMMERCE TABLE 12 SHOPPING OUTLETS AND FLOOR SPACE I Convenience Comparison Service Vacant NL•.llb.:.r of Outlets· {%) C. B.D. 20.8 29.8 41.7 7.4 I Sc:le 25.6 27.7 39.8 6.7 Flc·or Space {%) C!B.D. 11.6 36.4 17.8 3.9 Sc:le 15.1 33.8 .17.3 3.6 I Th=. high service components in the above breakdown illustrate its im:·ort.~nce as a regional centre. The floor space proportions in co:.,pa ·ison ~oods (department stores, etc.) also reflect its regional I rol'::. Sale Commercial Structure Ta:·le 13 il ustrates the comparative growth in the commercial sec-or !between ti-e· various municipalities in the region. I

Commerce both retail and office has also ·expanded remarkably in the last few years and has mostly taken place in the central TABLE 13 area. I VALUE OF APPROVALS FOR SHOPS, 5ale C.B.D. Sale Total OFFICES, FACTORIES ($'000) I Number of Shops 134 148 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-Mar. 70 Totals ----~------Floor Space (sq. ft.) 130,584 142,384 Sa'e (City) 272 157 703 619 I ,751 Number of Offices 72 72 Trc-~·alg:m (City) 199 661 15 619 I ,634 Floor Space (sq. ft.) 56,350 61,350 Ba r:nsdlale (Town) 90 277 25 392 I Alberton 53 36 79 168 AV'on 60 21 81 Ba:rnsdi:!le 95 13 82 190 Sinc.e the beginning of 1968, four major shopping developments Mc-fra' 154 45 66 49 314 I have taken place comprising 45,000 square feet of retail space or Ro;ad:~le 12 475 142 446 I ,075 over a quarter of the total. These include New World, Leslies, Trenalg·Jn 14 66 80 SSW and associated new shops, and Woolworths and The Mall. Soi.lTce~ Bureau of Census and Statistics publications. ' I THE MALL NEW SHOPPING DEVELOPMENT I I I I I I I

L I I I I I I I I I I 0 SCALE Smiles to 1 inch opprox north I I PRIMARY TRADE AREA (0-10 miles) -f»JB SECONDARY TRADE AREA (10 •20 m1' I es) I TERTIARY TRADE AREA ( over 20 miles) I I

I CITY OF SALE

CO RNER COMMERCIAL TRADE AREAS 8 I lf'ollET I I

NEW SUPERMARKET DEVELOPMENT I I ·I I I I I I

Tabie 14 illu~trates t~e breakdown of approvals into vanous cate­ In a shopFing questionnaire conducted recently by Harris, Lange­ gcrie5 b3twe~n July, 1968 and March, 1970. · 'torh=e·s, 51oppers from more than 20 miles away recorded the fol owi1g patronage of Sale C.B.D. for various goods compared I wif,h reside1ts of Sale City, :expressed as a percentage of purchases.

TABLE 14 ·I VALUE Of APPROVALS BY CLASS ($'000) · 20m+ Sale City )~ily 1~eds 37.0% 38.0% Shops Hotels- Factories Offices Service Other lr•ecu .ar needs (regional) 88.0% 95.0% '·Motels Stations ·~1Ve~kl 1y needs 62.9% 86.1% 5a e (·::i-y) 460 .. 253 98 364 39 108 In Freq Jent needs 79.0% 90.3% Tra ral•301 (Cty) 94 94 79 Ea r.wJa,e (Town) 57 155 10 25 68 I R.osed':lls 194. 39 SoJrce: 3uree u of Census and Statistics publications. I

f·.J~ure Plan for Sale Business District The spe:ulati·)n that developments in Sale. are premature, too com­ petiti'~e with existing shops and would decline with stabilisation of I co:·m conditons has not been correct. New shopping develop­ ments while ;::>erhaps inspired by the boom. gc&ered in a wider and rroa ccrnmitted regional patronage from an area well beyond Fufurs plamning of the Sale C.B.D. has been the subject of an the oi -~nd -~as deve'opments at Longford and Sale. People from i-.tensive siudy. The plan aims at maintaining and improving the I Ya~ran, Gle1maggie and even Bairnsd<~le are now patronising lev·=l d service, with attention to environmental considerations Sale for resional (irregular) and district (weekly) shopping. Ease c:sd cc.nver ience by p~ovisions for beautification and reduction of of trallSC:·ort and the -:redit system are combining to r.~tionalise the t:-a-=fic :onc;estion and parking problems. Ample provision is made shcpping process into a few trips to the best centre available. (See f:r growth to cater for demands .from population increases in I Plan~- ~<~I= and ir. its region. (See Plan 9). I J L-___,1 ..__I______. ·1 IIL-- _____.I L I Stawell Street

I ...... Q) ... Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) I ..Q) ...... U) U) U) U)

I Macarthur Street I S.l. I C.P.

I ---~ Street

I C.P. I S.l. I I Maca lister Street P.P.

~ > I c 0 II) C'O .. II) I C'O Q) Q) Q I Q. I

rn::ml I Retail (Existing) ~ Highway Uses iii Open Space

0 ~ Retail (Future) Service Industrial D Residential NORTH - I • Commercial (E xisting) I]!] Public Uses IC.F. I Car Park CITY OF SALE ~ ~ Commercial (Future)

I Scale : 400ft. to 1 in. CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN D 49 I

The C.B.D. is off-centre with respect to the urban areas and as the City expands further there will be a need for small local shopping groups in the outer areas. I

Office space has increased remarkably in Sale. Investment may have been over-optimistic but vacant space is slowly being filled. Some I0,000 square feet has been added over the last three years I in two major office blocks (Raybond and Westside) with smaller renovations adding several thousand square feet. Increases have been mainly associated with company administration. I I I

Footnote

I. The information on Employment and Industrial Activity was I largely obtained from "City of Sale, Industrial Opportunity Study, Stage I". The Economist Intelligence Unit (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. -July 1970. I I I

RAILWAY LAND IN RELATION TO SHOPPING CENTRE I I I I I I I I 50 I I

I I

I I I I I S. Facilities and Services I Utilization and Management I I

FACILITIES AND SERVICES I UTILISATION AND MANAGEMENT I I A. OPEN SPACE - RECREATION - TOURISM I I I In 1969 Sale had 243 acres of land in open space (excluding the Sale Common; 760 acres). However certain residential areas lacked a park or playground within reasonable proximity and there I was an overall deficiency in the provision of children's playing areas. (See Plan I 0). ·

Since then, many of these deficiencies have been remedied. Some I 12 acres of open space has been added to the system mainly as children's playgrounds (or capable of incorporation). There are plans to open up the canal banks for public use, and some 13 acres adjoining Flooding Creek has been reverted to semi-public I use as a new caravan park.

The plan for the central area incorporates open space as part of I the visual and functional operation of the centre. A proposed pedestrian mall of nearly five acres would link with two small rest areas totalling I~ acres.

I An additional 3~ acres has been proposed to replace industrial uses in Foster Street west of Desoilly Street.

While the Council could be considered up to date with its open I space planning, future open space requirements will be quite demanding. All new residential areas will need to be planned in the context of an open space system.

I In addition, Council has responsibilities for the use and protection of the riverine and morass country within its city area. The poten­ tial of this land for nature preservation and tourism has been highlighted by . the recent controversy with respect to Dowd's I Morass. The swamplands down-stream of the Sale Common have no use for farmland and like the Common provide a rich habitat for a large and diverse population of waterbirds, at least equal to the Kerang Lakes area for its size. As such it has enormous I potential for bird-watching, duck-shooting, fishing and birdlife and habitat protection with the attributes of being close to the City and within its scrutiny.

I The tourist potential of Sale is not fully utilised. Enlarged marina and boating facilities would stimulate its old role as the Port of I ~51 r I I I I I I STEPH€NSON FAll< P·JBLIC CARAVAN P.&,;u;: I

Sale, at the upper reaches of tl-.e navigable waters of the wfloJe house. and sever. notels wit!- 170 r;:,o:n!. Anotl-er Hotei/Motej 1; I Gippsland Lakes system. The development of ti-e old Co1..ncil planned at the nor-,e·n entre nee b the City. Chambers a; an historical museum and the provision of infcrmatioo on tours throughout the district (incl1..ding wildlife and industry) In ord9r hat rhe reqicn rrav capi~al·se on the facilities alreadv ~he I would increase its attr:~c-ion tc the tourist. availabla and effectivel-y supervise use and protection of it; tourist ;:,roduct, C:;.unci is very concened about the adrninina­ tive centre! over -hs morass ::ountry :n and beyonc the Sale Co'l'l­ Accorr.mcdation facilfies for tclrish in Sale are alr9ady .veil mon atJd ~he wder·Na:ys of tne Port ;:,i Sale. ".,1'/hile it ::loes not establishe:l and conver-ient 7o i~s ..,...a-erways. The ne-.v cara ... an park I appeal feasible Fo.- the ar9:l• to co~e under dired admini;iraii:,;, increases the quota to three (t·NO Council, one t:rivate) wih a of an urbcn mJnicipalit-y som9 sort of ··egional planning a11fheo-;t:1 total of ~:50 sites plus a small number of cabins a;1d v-:.ns;, There should effe-ctive!';' and harmcniously control the;e large-are:J lar.d­ are six residential hc-tels v.ith 73 rooms an:l 124 bed:., :~ gJe~t uses o+ regional sic:;nific:~nce. I I I I I I I SALE C.D.N.II.L LAKE GUlt-!li!DGE I 5? I 0 I NORTH . t 1 inch I Scale·: 40 chams o

I lO .COBAINS I II I I I I I I I

. I - EXISTING 0 PEN SPACE I (}}({~~... PROPOSED 0 PEN SPACE • AREAS OF DEFICIENCY I I OPEN SPACE AREAS. I. I

B. EDUCATION Table IS shows the total yearly enrolment for the two State prim­ ary and secondary schools in Sale, and their yearly percentage increase. (The overall increase in enrolment is consistent with the I increase in home bJilding during the same period). I TABLE IS STATE PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS I Total Enrolment Percentage Increase Sale owes its position as the major educational centre in the E~st 1966 I ,059 Gippsland area principally to the establishment of secondary 1967 I ,089 1966-67 2.8 I schools (both State and Denominational) within the City. There 1968 1,149 1967-68 5.9 are three Denominational secondary schools, two of which also 1969 1,199 1968-69 4.4 offer instruction at primary level, as well as two State secondary 1970 I ,216 1969-70 1.4 schools. These are fed by the three State primary and three De­ 1971 I ,377 1970-71 13.2 I nominational primary schools within the City of Sale, and from 22 State primary schools in the region surrounding Sale. An Source: Education Department of Victoria, Survey and Statistics additional five State primary schools also feed the Sale High and Branch. Technical Schools. These schools are generally located within a 25 I mile radius of the City of Sale, although each year approximately 25 students attend the Sale Technical School who previousiy at­ tended the Dargo State School, about 50 miles to the north. A Table 16 indicates the total enrolment and yearly percentage daily feeder service of 24 buses brings students to Sale to attend increase in the State secondary schools in the City of Sale. (Sale I the secondary schools. High School 528 students, Sale Technical School 906 students). I I ST. PATRICK'S COLLEGE I I I NEW HIGH SCHOOL I I

GUTHRIDGE STATE SCHOOL I I I 54 r-·-·--·-·--, 1 I. i SALE RACECOURSE i I I NORTH I Scale: 40 chains to 1 inch

I TO .COBAINS I I I I ST. . I .~ I THE HEART I I I I I - 10,000 VEHICLES PER DAY I I i' . i 1971 AVERAGE WEEKDAY VEHICLE VOLUMES e I " I

Both of these secondary schools have inherent disadvantages due C. TRAFFIC AND STREET SYSTEM primarily to their site locations and facilities. The Sale High School is presently located on a five acre site and the Technical I School on a three acre site. The High School is being re-estab­ lished on 16~ acres of land in Guthridge Parade. As the town and regional population grows more schools will be required in the developing areas and as schools are large landusers, the new I schools will put pressures on the development of the external areas.

The present location of the Technical School is quite unsuitable I and every effort should be made to prevent any further additions to the school and have it re-established on a new site which would require at least 25 acres. The existing school buildings could be used as a tertiary education centre or for offices which at the I same time would release valuable land for shopping centre ex­ A recent traffic study was conducted to assess the road and traffic pansion. needs of the town. The ultimate aims of the study were. to intro­ duce adequate levels of safety, convenience and capacity. I Three main traffic movements were given special consideration: ( 1.) Access to and within the central shopping centre and parking I STATE SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTS and lo.:~ding facilities. (2.) Roc:d patterns in residential areas. Percentage Increase_ Total Enrolment (3.) The main road and highway entrances to the town. I 1967 I ,296 1968 I ,308 1967-68 0.6 The following objectives were adopted to .form the basis for future 1969 .1 ,379 1968-69 SA traffic Flanning in the City: · 1970 I ,412 1969-70 2.4 I 1971 I ,434 1970-71 1.6 • The principal road system should be designed so that filtering of th"ouqh traffic into residential areas would be prevented. Source: Education Department of Victoria, Survey and Statistics Branch. e Except for intersections between roads forming part of the I prtnc~pal road system, four way intersections should be avoided in order to improve road safety. e Roaci design standards should be selected so that demands All of the denominational schools (secondary and primary) have would not exceed 70% of road capacity (note that capacity I shown an increase in enrolments over the last few years, with an .· operat'on implies stop-go .driving conditions). additional Roman Catholic primary school now open. The totol enrolment in the denominational schools is approximately I ,275. e Car parks in and around central business district should be accessed as conveniently as possible by the proposed road I St. Mary's 253 system. St. Anne's/Gippsland Grammar School 411 • The predominant uses of on-street parking space should be St. Patrick's College 361 those associated with short term parking, e.g. picking up and Our_ Lady of Sion Convent 254 setting down of passengers, "one-off" purchases, etc. as this I tend; to maximise parking turnover. There appears to be an opportunity for a tertiary education centre (such as a college of advanced education) to be. established in Sale at some future date. The six secondary schools within the City of Sale and the additional High School within the region · at Maffra could support such a school which could serve the Future Tra.vel Desires whole of the East Gippsland region. It would complete the edu­ (See Plans I I and 12) caticnal hierarchy for Sale and allow students in the region to complete their formal education without having to move to ~Ael­ bour.:~e. Travel desires for the year 1991 were then developed, based on the estinated population and employment distribution, together The practicality of establishing such a college in Sale would de1=end with ~ppropriate allowances for expected increases in vehicle I on the number of students who could be induced to attend the ownership and trips. college from outside the region by the variety or types of coL'rses offered.· A new college could not be contained within the existing The projeded 1991 travel desires were assigned to the existing City bounda-ries except to the detriment of established develop­ road system, in order to test its adequacy for a desired standard I ment intentions for the area. of service. I 56 r-·--·-·-·--, I i

I NORTH I Scale: 40 chains to.1 inch

I .COBAINS I I I I I I THE HEART I I I I I - 10,000 VEHICLES PER. DAY

I CITY OF SALE I PROJECTED 1991 VEHICLE VOLUMES I ON THE RECOMMENDED STREET SYSTEM 57. r I

Recommended Principal Road System . · Raqlan, M.~carthur and Foster Streets are planned to be the prin­ cipal east-west connection with Reeve, Desailly, York and Lans­ (See Plan 13) dowre Streets and Guthridge Parade providing the principal north­ I souH roads. These will provide a broad grid to serve principal Features of the recommended ro.ad system include: traffi: movements through the residential area to the east of York Street. Existing local residential streets between this broad I • A combination of Desailly, Macalister, York and Maca·thur grid lmay then be reconstructed to prevent through movements. Streets to provide a ·Circulati.on path . for vehicles around the Central Business District and connecting with radial routes be­ Con-tinuity of principal roads across Guthridge Parade and Rag­ tween the C.B.D. and outer areas of the City. To achieve this, lan Street will be achieved by. intersectional improvements. ·I it is proposed that Desailly Street be continued through the existing railway station property.

• Parts of Raymond and Cunninghame Streets are propose::J ~o be closed to provide a pedestrian mall. Vehicular access by Res dential Streets I shoppers wishing to use the mall would be via car parks located (See Plan 13) along the circulation path described above, with principal access via Desailly Street. This would be developed in stages. A refinement of the overall plan recommends a treatment for I The existing centre parking in the C.B.D. would be· replaced pro­ resic-ential streets contained by the principal network. Thi? layout gressively by grassed or landscaped medians in areas where there has :::Jeen selected so that "T" intersections only are provided be­ is good visibility for adequate safety. The work should form a tween local and principal roads, and so that objectives of through I stage of eventual closure of Raymond Street and the beautifica­ mov·~ment prevention and street beautification can be jointly tion of other streets. achieved.

I I I I I

I I

RAYMOND STREET I I 5'8 I

I COBt.INS ROAD ,...... iiiijiii ....___ liiiiiii __ -11======:! =:::=--:-TO COf!AI N S I 0 NORTH I Scale , 20 Chains to 1 Inch

I STREET I

STREET I TO EAST SALE I I

I INGLIS ST. I I :~-TO THE HEART :D 0,.. 0 I ERY ST. I I STEVENS

I CITY OF SAL~ I RECOMMENDED STREET SYSTEM I 59 I External Traffic Movement I The main road entrances to the town all require special design attention. I The projected 1991 travel desires and the 1991 vehicle volumes on the recommended road system reveal some interesting direc­ tional links. I Existing vehicle volumes are . approximately the same for the Princes Highway (west); the South Gippsland Highway and the R.A.A.F. Base (3,000 vehicles per day) with the Maffra Road and I Princes Highway (east) slightly higher (about 5,000 and 6,000 vehicles per day respectively). I The importance of the link with the R.A.A.F. Base is highly signifi­ cant as it is the only large generator of traffic in that direction. The 1991 projections forecast relatively large increases on the Princes Highway (west) with the East Sal.e Road and Maffra equal I and ahead of :the South Gippsland Highway. These easterly links with the R.A.A.F. Base are not expected to diminish in importance relatively to more distant regional traffic.

The existing Sale-Maffra Road should be closed to the west of the railway thus eliminating an existing hazard at the fiveways inter­ I section with Princes Highway (east) and Dawson Street, which will be accentuated when the land to the north of the existing Sale­ Maffra Road is subdivided or developed in the future. I The present route of the South Gippsland Highway in the town requires reconsideration. Its frequent flooding has generated e high level of inconvenience and poor road conditions. I Zoning Along the Highway I At present the Princes Highway enters Sale in Foster Street and leaves via York Street. This route is quite satisfactory under exist­ ing conditions and is likely to remain so for some time, provided activities leading to high traffic generation and "side friction" I along the route are not permitted to develop. The ;:>lan for the central area incorporates a "Highway Uses" zone I along both sides of York Street intended to restrict its use tc those activities dependent on a highway location for the servicinc:; of passing vehicles and providing the needs of the passing motorist· e.g. petrol stations, machinery equipment service and repair, ac-. I commodation, eating houses, etc. The phasing out of non-hig~1wa~ uses in York Street an·d the Princes Highway will facilitate the control of ribbon development of the extremities of the town by I the reduction of overall pressures. I 6·0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 6. Regional Role as Service and I Administrative Centre in Gippsland I ~ I

REGIONAL ROLE AS A SERVICE AND I ADMINISTRA YIVE CENTRE IN GIPPSLAND I I I

Much of the growth, stability and functional importance of Sale is being_ maintained because it is the centre for a number of the I regional services for the East-Central Gippsland region. I Administrative I As a rule most of the Commonwealth Departments have adminis­ trative offices in Sale and State Departments in Bairnsdale, although I local offices of State Departments appear in Sale and vice-versa. (See Appendix 4 and Plan 14). As an administrative centre Sale I is outstripping Bairnsdale and ·Traralgon. I Education

I Sale remains supreme as an education centre in Gippsland. Of the three main towns, Traralgon has more State primary schools I and all have one high school and one technical school. However there are more secondary public schools than in Traralgon (2) or Bairnsdale (I). These schools in Sale either have an extensive re­ I gional catchment covering the whole of Gippsland (Korumburra to Omeo and Orbost) with some students from other parts of Vic­ toria, interstate and Pacific Islands. Even day schools (secondary) I in Sale draw students from a large area (20 mile radius) excepting the area directed to Maffra High School. I I Library Commur ity Facilities I The same questionnaire produced the following responses for the The Sale Library is also used by people resident within the sur­ use of community facilities (% respondents). rounding Shires, from as far away as Loch Sport, Seaspray, Strad­ broke, Rosedale, Glenmaggie, Stockdale, Fernbank, Maffra and I Stratford. There are 406 borrowers registered as resident outside Sale. TABLE 18 RESIDENCE OF PERSONS USING COMMUNITY FACILITIES IN SALE I

Residence Area {1) (2) (3) (4) Health and Medical Service Sale 0-10 Miles 10-20 Miles 20 Miles Total Area I Swimrnnc: P·:>ol* 42.9 30.3 16.9 12.7 35.7 The three main towns have Base hospitals. The Gippsland Bass Recreeticn 6r:)unds 40.0 25.5 22.8 14.7 34.2 Hospital at Sale looks after patients from Warragul and Alberton Library 49.1 36.2 21.1 14.7 41.2 Halls 44.1 49.0 23.9 19.6 39.6 to Omeo and Orbost although most live in Sale and the surround­ I Infant Welhre and ing shires. Pre-Scho::>l 19.5 11.8 6.4 4.9 15.8 Solicitors 37.4 59.8 19.9 16.6 35.0 Municipal health services are provided from Sale for residents Club 31.9 24.5 9.3 7.8 25.9 I of two adjacent shires. About 5,500 people receive health ser­ Accou1tent 23.8 50.0 22.8 15.7 25.1 vices each year. Most come from within six miles, but others *Old ·;w mning Pool from as far away as Seaspray. A high proportion of residents liv­ I ing within 25 miles of Sale v:sit doctors and dentists in Sale. A questionnaire conducted during the recent shopping centre survey All th3 :>ercentages are weighted low by the lack of differenti­ revealed tl-.e following responses for patronage of doctors and ation From the non-responses. However they are comparable be­ dentists in Sale. tween area~ and between facilities. I I ELDERLY CITIZEN'S CLUB I I I UBRARY I

TABLE 17 The rankin:] of facilities is reasonably constant within each area. Doctors and dentists rank consistently high (necessities:! and the I RESIDENCE OF PERSONS VISITING DOCTORS club, in~-:tn" welfare and swimming pool rank consistently low, being OR DENTISTS IN SALE restri::ted -o only certain sectors of the community. The use of the halls is at a fairly consistent level, library facilities provide rela­ Distance from Sale % Respondents tively mor-3 attraction to Sale res;dents than elsewhere. The use I (R~sidence) (Doctor) (Dentists) of sJiicitcrs, accountants and recreation grounds is somewhat variable bJt on average rank lower. C-10 miles 73.5 72.5 10-20 miles 33.5 42.9 The area distributions are reasonably consistent with decreasing I More than 20 miles 32.3 37.2 percentage patronage with increasing distance from Sale. A I I I I I I I I I I I 0 SCALE Smiles to 1 inch opprox north I

I 0 5 10 15 [IV SIC NAL Number of Governm ent and Major Institutional [IS Rl T ~ Adm i n i strativ e Headquarters I AL ~ oc ~ I ~ HA E Rl ~A ~y Number of Schools HA E ~EC 01 D~ RY

P~l\ AT I --t--t- Number of Beds t - 1- t-- ~ 0~ PIT f'\L I (1 Unit - 20) J CITY OF SALE

I COkPII ER RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL FUNCTIONS OF SALE, TRARALGON AND BAIRNSDALE 14 I 63 ";/. I

sharp drop occurs beyond the I0 mile limit as Area 3 (I 0-20 miles) keepers were asked to delineate trade areas and shop_oers were contains secondary towns (Maffra, Stratford and Rosedale) supply­ asked to indicate their place of residence and the place of pur­ ing some of the same services as Sale. The above correlation be­ chase of various goods, e.g. daily needs, weekly needs, more irre­ I tween the responses from Sale and its immediate environs (0-1 0 gular needs and infrequent needs. The remarkable similarity in the miles) indicates the City's responsibility in providing local services extent of trade area claimed by shopkeepers supplying goods at for those beyond its municipal area. ea::h level of function, indic.:Jtes the predominance of Sale over I smaller centres in the region even for local and district purposes. These percentages were expanded to the total population repre­ It is apparent that for an area up to I0 miles away the S:1le C. B.D. sented by the respondents and a calculation made as . to the commands a stronq patronage for all levels of goods, and beyond percentage of users living outside Sale. These are listed below. this, it draws more than half the residents for up to 25 miles away I for all goods apart from daily needs.

Tables 20 to 23 indicate the percentage patronage of the ma1n TABLE 19 shopping centre in Sale for different purchase levels from the four I PERCENTAGE OF USERS OF FACILITIES parts of the region. FROM. BEYOND SALE The study revealed Sale's almost exclusive monopoly of the. area's I Swimming Pool 36.1 o/o shopping custom. l_t performs a local and district ser'lice to a Recreation Grounds 40.8% much larger area and population than normal and this is both an Library 3 7.8% explanation and. gl!ide as to its retail components and the range Halls . 45.4% of goods it supplies, i.e. more food shops and more service facili­ I Infant Welfare/Pre-School 32.3% ties such as newsa•:::~ents, chemists, hairdressers, dry clec:ners, etc. Solicitor 48.7% and larger shopping floor space. Doctor 41.1% Club 33.1% The population within the catchment has been totalled for each of I Dentist 46.9% the four areas using 1966 Census Statistics projected to 1971. Accountant. 59.1 o/o I Area I City of Sale 10,730 Area 2 0-10 miles radius 2.739 Shopping Area 3 10-20 miles radius 8,229 I Area 4 Over 20 miles 6,945 The extent and degree of the shopping service provided from Sale was also the subject of the recent intensive survey. Shop- Total Region Population in Trade Area 2B,643 I I I I I I

RAYMOND STREET I [ .+" I I TABLE 20 SALE C.B.D. - PERCENTAGE PATRONAGE FOR DIFFERENT PURCHASES I Commodity Residence Areas Sale 0-10 miles 10-20 miles +20 miles (1) + 20 miles (2) (Area I) (Area 2) (Area 3) (Area 4) Daily needs (Local) 38.3 62.3 26.5 32.8 37.0 Weekly needs (District) 86.1 89.7 64.3 55.2 62.9 Irregular needs (Regional) 95.0 91.0 81.0 71.0 88.0 Infrequent needs (Universal) 90.3 87.1 76.0 66.1 79.0 I I TABLE 21 SALE C.B.D. - FREQUENCY OF VISITS FROM RESIDENCE AREAS I Frequency Residence Areas Sale 0-10 miles 10-20 miles +20 miles (I) +20 miles (2) (Area I) (Area 2) (Area 3) (Area 4) I Daily_ 29.4% 15.6% 16.6% 13.6% 13.5% 2-3 times a week 42.8% 44.4% 19.6% 15.9% 21.8% I Weekly 24.1% 35.6% 44.8% 23.8% 37.5% Monthly 1.2% 1.1% 10.4% 15.9% 10.1% Less often or irregularly 2.6% 3.3% 8.5% 30.7% 6.9% I TOTAL(%) 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% I + 20 m.. (I) includes 43 respondents not resident in the established catchment area of Sale. + 20 m. (2) includes only those respondents resident more than 20 miles from Sale who live within the established catchment area. I I TABLE 22 SHOPPING CENTRE PATRONAGE BY AREA OF RESIDENCE (Percentage of total purchase types)

I Area of Residence Shopping Centre Sale Deliv'd Dewars York St. Frances Pearson Guthridge Raglan Outside I Sale 77.12 (7.0) 0.6 2.5 0.6 1.1 2.2 6.0 2.5 0-10 miles 83.13 (3.9) 0.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 9.9 1.2 8.7 I· 10-20 miles 61.9 (2.4) 0.0 0.3 0.5 . 0.0 0.3 0.3 33.9 +20 miles 56.3 (4.1) 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 38.7 I

TA .BLE 23

PERCENTAGE PURCHASE OF GOODS OUTSIDE SALE I

Purch ase Type Residence Area Sa le 0- 10 m. 10-20 m. + 20m. I Daily needs 0.27 14.28 65 . 15 55.2 W eekly needs 0.1 3 3.40 31.85 37.3 lr re g u l.~r needs 3.09 6.74 18.24 28.9 I In frequent needs 7.13 11.53 21.4 33 .3 I I I I I I I I I I I I Infrastructure Library I I 66 I I I I I I I I 1 7. Local Government Status (Comparative) I I I I I I I I I ORIGINAL COUNCIL OFFICES I I I I I I I I I I I I LOCAL GOVERNMENT STATUS (COMPARATIVE) I I I I I City Status

I The current requirements of recognition as a City are defined in Part 2 of the Local Government Constitution of Municipalities I Act, 1965. These are defined as: . '( 1.) Substantially urban in character (Census definition of urban is a density of more than 500 persons per sq. mile or 0.78 I persons per acre). (2.) Population of I 0,000.

I (3.) A rate revenue of $160,000 1n the year before declaration. · Sa·le was declared a City in 1950 when' the requirements were substantially lower. By the new standards it has only recently I qualified with respect to population size although its density and rate revenue ha~e been at an acceptable level for some time.

In this respect, it has gained over several other declared Cities, I notably· Ararat, Castlemaine, Maryborough, Colac, Swan Hill, Echuca and Benalla, all with populations below I0,000 at the last I census.

I Rate of Growth

In terms of growth it at present outpaces all other country munici­ I paliti~s. in the !ast ye,ar of Census estimates 1969-70, Sale re­ corded the highest percentage increase in population (5.3%) of all municipalit!es outside the . Melbourne Statistical District. As a I whole; Melbourne increased by 2.2% in 1969-70. Table 24 tabu- lates comparable statistics for Cities, Towns and Boroughs. . I

~.l 6-7 . I Density Comparative Financial Situation I In terms of density, Sale ran

POPULATION, GROWTH RATES AND DENSITY COMPARISON CITIES, TOWNS AND BOROUGHS (excluding Geelong and Me lbourne) I

Pop'n 1970 (est.) Growth Rate Burea u of Census 1969-70 Pop 'n/Acre and Statist cs % Increase 1970 I Ararat (C) 8480 0.6 1.80 Bairnsdale (T) 8500 1.7 1.26 Ballarat (C) 41390 0.09 4.90 Bendigo (C) 31750 0.7 3.95 I Benalla (C) 8500 2.0 1.91 Camperdown (T) 3630 1. 1 1.1 0 Castlemai ne (C) 7060 0.1 1.23 I Colac (C~ 9730 0.8 3.62 Eaglehaw (B) 5470 1.9 1.52 Echuca (C) 7480 1.2 1.49 Ha mi lton (C) 10200 0.2 1.91 Horsha m (C) 11 190 1.5 1.88 I Kerang (B) 4310 1.4 0.76 Koroit (B) 1400 0.97 Kyabram (B) 5020 1.4 0.97 Maryborough (C) 7880 0.4 0.97 I Mildura (C) 13290 0.7 2.46 Moe (C) 16800 0.2 3.184 Port Fairy (B) 26 10 0.8 0.45 Portland (T) 7390 1.2 1.24 I Queenscliff (B) 3000 2.4 1.43 Sale (C) 9740 5.3 1.53 (exclude flood- liable land 2.85) I Sebastopol (B) 5110 0.7 2.92 Shepparton (C) 18800 1.7 2.85 Stawell (T) 6070 0.8 0.40 St. Arnaud (T) 2990 0.48 I Swan Hill (C) 7890 0.9 2.34 Tra ra lgon (C) 14640 0.9 2.97 Wangaratta (C) 15890 0.6 2.90 W arrnambool (C) 18370 1.1 2.59 I Wonthaggi (B) 4010 0.31 I 68 ------

00 • -1 0 ,=- a- = =-· ~= n 0 =en Q.-· CD ,.a.. 0-· ~ (It I I TOWN PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS I I I

Town planning considerations are perhaps the most urgent argu­ I ment for an extension of the area of the City. I I 1. TOWN PLANNING PROGRAMME I I I

Council has committed itself to an intensive and systematic town planning programme which commenced in May, 1970. It is orien­ I tated towards a process of su·rvey, analysis and design of parti­ cular problems and functional elements of the town which will I ultimately build up the components for a planning scheme. The survey commenced with an overall City and Regional Review which examined the existing situation and placed the town plan­ I ning problems and development prospects in perspective. A series of action areas and activities were earmarked for immediate attention. Some of these studies have been completed and others I are programmed for this financial year. (a.) Traffic needs and road plan for the .City - completed. I (b.) Main shopping centre analyses and design - completed. (c.) Residential layouts - street and open space systems/com­ I munity activities. (d.) Industrial requirements - industrial standards. I

~··. . .69 . I

(e.) Existing land use/preparation of base map. 5hire of Avon (f.) Specialised problems - Council owneq properties, relocation I of railway station. The Shire of Avon has no planning controls ·whatsoever over any (g.) Regional planning. Far+ of its area. In spite of all its good intentions its powers over I (h.) Specific shopping developments 1n the Central Business Dis­ sJbdivision and standard of development is limited to the powers trict. in the Local Government Act, the U.B.R.'s and any Council by­ laws thereunder - all very basic and limited in scope. Implementation of planning principles and decisions is continuing I as new developments take place in Sale: the most noteworthy is The Council has recently expressed interest in planning because cf a concern for Stratford and Lake Wellington in particular, al­ the adoption of the new street layout for residential areas. Coun­ houqh it was proposed that an Interim Development Order be cil is in the of introducing the plan for part of the resi­ proces~ s:>u·:::~ht for the whole Shire. No further steps appear to have been dential area east of York Street. Apart from economic advantages hken to commence planning studies or any administrative part of the system, it is an example of a positive contribution of plan­ cf the planning process. ning to City development and the environment of the residential I areas. Whether boundaries are extended or not, Sale Cou~cil is con­ cer,1ed to see the implementation of planning control over that Council has received a draft residential code and with respect Fart of the Shire of Avon abutting Sale, for the following reasons: to residential areas is enforcing an upgraded subdivisional require­ I ment (from Column 3 to Column 4 (UBRs)) for new subdivision. (·3.) Development in Sale already abuts the municipal boundary. Ideally subdivision in residential areas should be required to com­ (b.) Already, certain highway uses are "border-hopping" accen- ply with a broadly based outline plan of the area showing locations tuatin9 an undesirable ribboning of development (notably .I of major roads and community facilities and providing for a the Golden Fleece Service Station and the new Takeaway series of linked open spaces or recreation areas providing safe food estcblishment). Sale Council has no control over the pedestrian access between residential areas and the shopping location, operation and appearance of such developments centres or other community facilities as schools, kindergartens, etc. which are at the northern entrance to the City. I These developments are fundamental to the optimum use of resi­ (:.) Land :~butting Cobains Road to the north and Somerton Park dential land and such a study is currently being undertaken by Road to the ec:st is very vulnerable to subdivisional and de­ Council and its Consultants. velopment pressures. This will need to be guided very care­ ·I fully and this a.-ea is beset with difficulties - water-logging, aircra..:t noise, irrigation channel systems. Development which disre:::~ards these factors is expensive and uncomfortable as an environment for living. Planning controls afford the best I means of ensuring protection for the developers, residents and the authority responsible for servicing and maintenance. 2. EXTENDED AREA - EXISTING CONTROLS (::l.) The R.A .. A.F. Base while administratively independent is in I BY SURROUNDING SHIRES many res:::>ects functionally dependent on the City of Sale and vice-versa. It is a regional activity and should be under the ?Ianning control of a Regional Planning Authority. Its close relationship with Sale has engendered an urgency for I the detailed planning control of the direct physical links with Sale and its environs for its own protection. The following facts illustrate the exact nature of its relation­ ship. I

(i) The Base occupies 2,500 acres (I ,200 acres is leased for farminq and ultimately reserved for further expansion). i'Jo early boundary extensions are envisaged. I

(ii) It is I~ mi~es from the existing municipal boundary. The intervening land use is farming under irrigation. I There is a very real and urgent need for town planning control of. (iii) Traffic analysis reveals it has an importance equal to the the area immediately beyond the existing boundaries of the City South Gippsland Highway as a generator of trips. Con­ to be under the auspices of the same planning authority. Investiga­ s.dering the difference in the traffic catchments of the tion and implementation of standards can then be administered in t·No roads this is very significant (the East Sale Road I a uniform manner. (See Plan 15). termin.:~tes at the R.A.A.F. Base). I 70 I I I 0 NORTH I Scale: 1 :·,00,000 I I I WEST SALE I AIRFIELD I I I I I I IRRIGATION AREA

MORASS ANtyOR FLOOD LIABLE LAND I HIGHWAY ENTRANCES PRESENT CITY BOUNDARY LONGFORD OIL & GAS PLAN~. I CITY OF SALE· AREAS OF SPECIAL PLANNING INTEREST BEYOND SALE 15 I I I I

COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT I OVER BORDER I I I I I FLOOD DAMAGE TO SOUTH GIPPSLAND HIGHWAY I I I I I

R.A.A.F BASE EAST SALE. I I I

I -- I 72. I I

(iv) It employs up to 900 R.A.A.F. personnel. Over half live The development pressures and potential problems are not as criti­ in Sale with their families comprising some I0 per cent cal as areas in Avon and the common boundary is relatively short. I of the total resident population and dwellings. There are 60 families resident on the base and some 400 single The (along with Avon) controls the main road men. entrance from the north-west into Sale. In time the future urban I development of Sale will extend towards the common boundary (v) It is an independent administrative entity and supplies its with Maffra. The Maffra side is under irrigation which creates its own utility services with the exception of an emergency own development problems and in turn requires protection from water supply link with Sale. unsympathetic development. Again, there is no proposal to extend II (vi) In all other respects it is functionally dependent on Sale the boundaries in this direction, but attention is directed towards . City for nearly all services although it does have a kin­ the immediate need for planning control in an area potentially dergarten, a store, a golf course and specialised canteen vulnerable to urban and highway development pressures. I and library services. (vii) It contains the Gippsland regional headquarters of the Commonwealth Department of Works which employs 88 I people. Although it is not considered feasible to incorporate the R.A.A.F. Base into the municipal area of the City of Sale, Shire of Rosedale the protection of the intervening area and indeed the whole I environs of the base is vital. Such a situation adds urgency to the need for a Regional Authority comprised of Sale City and the surrounding shires to ensure an equitable distribution of planning benefits and maintain a balance between dif­ The Rosedale Planning Scheme was recently made available for I ferent regional activities. statutory public exhibition and an Interim Development Order is currently in operation. The scheme as exhibited was a simple zon­ (e.) The morass and continuum of the Sale Common is of vital ing scheme large based on existing patterns of development. importance to the maintenance of the Game Refuge and all I it stands for- the protection of habitat and bird and marine/ Sale at present has a common boundary with Rosedale along the . riverine life. The morass system continues through to Lake Thomson River. Much of the land is in rural use or morass; a Wellington and indeed represents but a small part of the large proportion is flood liable. It has been zoned Rural A, Rural whole Gippsland Lakes system. Its status thus emerges as B in the vicinity of Wurruk and for urban use (mainly residential) I of regional significance in need of regional planning p:-otec­ around Wurruk itself. tion. It remains of vital importance to Sale however in pre­ serving and enlarging one of its tourist assets and for its Wurruk although formally a part of the Shire of Rosedale, is in I responsibility for the management of part of a larger eco­ all functional respects a part of Sale. Its existing tally of buildings logical system. is as follows - 40 houses, hotel/motel, general store, one motel, primary school, hall, service station. All other services of local (f.) The new sewerage treatment plant proposed to deal with and district nature are obtained from Sale. Water is supplied from I effluent from Sale urban area (and the R.A.A.F. Base) is to be Sale to the local Trust and will cost 36 cents/ I000 gallons for located south of the R.A.A.F. Base on the border of the 1971-72. Its septic tank service is planned to be supplemented morass country. While intrinsically a part of the ope:-ation by the extended sewerage system planned for Sale. It has no of Sale municipality it will be too far removed to be included garbage collection or other such Council services supplied. I in the City and again suggests the need for a regional planning authority. Sale Council is very concerned that Wurruk might be planned in isolation from Sale on which its whole existence and future growth depends. At the same time, the integrity of planning in Sale de­ I pends on the quality of development of the area that graces its gateway - the most heavily trafficked entrance to the :City.

The plan for Wurruk is merely an infilling around existing conditions I with a small amount of extension westerly along the highway. Most Shire of Maffra future development is to be kept on the north side of the highway (except around the Wurruk Hotel) - a worthy application of a I planning principle, but not cognisant of the longer term develop­ ment pressures which must affect the area very soon. It confines Most of the general comments above apply to the Shire of tvfaffra. development of an i'ntensive nature to a very narrow ridge of land It has Interim Development Orders operating over the towns of between the highway and the sharp drop into the river valley which I Maffra and Heyfield but no planning controls over the remainder will necessarily ribbon it more than at present. The zoning pro­ of the Shire, including that part adjacent to Sale. vides for a population of about 700 (about five times the present I I

WEST SALE AIRPORT I

: I I I I population). The plan restricts scope for integration and orderli­ The Wurruk area could also provide a relief valve for indus,trial I ness· of development and commits to. residential zoning a large uses once the existing zoned areas are more fully developed. The area - without the benefits of detailed planning of street layout, ·most appropriate area would be north of the highway. Local ser­ open space systems, communiti facilities and utility services. Al­ vices and facilities will· be generated to a degree that will create though it is envisaged that the long term will see a much larger a lOcally self sufficient community, a. functioning surburb of Sale. I urban area around Wurruk, orderly growth depends on staged release of land and overall control and· pre-planning of detail.. Th~ ~uestion of additional traffic links across the river' will ·need to be investigated. This could be ··combined with the relocation of the South Gippsland Highway. A junction in the vicinity of Wurruk I It is proposed that' some 2,430 acres be annexed from Rosedale would help generate activity in this area and maintain a logical around Wurruk, north to the river banks and more generally di..:ec+ion for traffic movements between Sale and towns on the extending west and south. It is anticipated that the area around South Gippsland Highway. Wurruk will provide the major direction of urban growth of Sale I once available land in the existing municipal area is developed to Esso-B.H.P. fractionisation plant situated at Longford some I 0 the north and east of the City. Wurruk is located on the lip of r.1iles· from Sale is vital as a source of employment .. It employs a large mass of Pliocene sand clay and gravel - older, harder, about 500 people most of whom live at Sale and buy services at more elevated and more undulating than the recent alluvial/marine Sale and has generated sufficient auxilliary services and industry I deposits which comprise the remainder of Sale. A fifth of the to bl!ild u·p a larger more diverse employment base around it. Its. total population projected within the next 20 years will need to pr:)per development, the protection of its environs and the road be located in this area., This will give Cou.ncil the opportunity to link with' Sale is a regional matter of urgent interest to the City protect the land and af the same time plari' for its ultimate use. of.Sa·le. ·I I I I I

TOWNSHIP OF WURRUK I I l I

CRUDE OIL STABILISATION AND I GASIFICATION PLANT, LONGFORD I

I I I

The West Sale airport is becomi,,g increasingly important for busi­ (3 .) There is a need to control the quality, location and pattern I ness and ~ght goods conmuni:::ation. Theoretically it serves a of development along the highway entrances to the town. larger region but in actucl fact most of its business is with Sale. Its protection, under the auspi.:ies cf a regional authority, is essential. (4.) There is a need to protect land vulnerable to haphazard sub­ divisional and development pressures. Much of the land sur­ I rounding Sale is superficially attractive for development, but presents difficulties and restraints in some areas. The proper u:;e of the land needs careful control and direction based on I further in-depth studies. (5.) Immediate and long term development needs of the City 3. PLANNING ARGUMENTS FOR ANNEXATION will extend well beyond the boundaries. The City needs con­ I trol over the future use of probable and possible growth areas to prevent use of the land prejudicial to the orderly growth of the city and to ensure they are properly planned. An adequate reserve of land is essential to permit planning flexi­ I b:lity within a controlled framework and encourage develop­ ment investment which is directly connected to the town to lccate within its boundaries without a sense of restriction, I enclosure or limitation of choice. (6.) There is a need to protect large area uses and links of direct fL.nctional integration with Sale. Some of these are too far away to be practically contained within the boundaries of a I future urban area, and others are or regional significance as In sunmary, the plarning :rgune,nts for annexation are as follows: well as locally important to Sale. The City takes this oppor­ tunity frankly in its own interests but for the benefit of the region as a whole to stress the urgency for united planning (I .) I Development of Sa!o3 .las progressed to a point where land control over activities of. regional interest. This is discussed EXternal to Sale is be:omir-g attractive for development as further in the next section. c funct~onal part of Sale. This will occur without the benefit d any town plannin::J n sone case; or certainly without any (7.) While it is feasible to postulate an orderly extension of de­ I s"andar::lised or ceo-:nlina-ed controls consistent with those velopment under the auspices of several other shires it is cperati1s· in Sale Ci-y. Tho3re is need for a uniform approa::h doubtful whether they each have the resources, experience t·) the implemen-ati::•·1 and admin;str.~tion of planning measures ard compatability of opinion on planning matters that _has beyond the pre~nf city b:::>11ndaries. been built up by the Sale Council. The latter has fom.ulated I a body of planning criteria which enables it to implement (2 .:1 There i; a need to •:ontrd development beyond the borders. ,pl:mning decisions quickly and systematically and to maintain I

$ 7,5·' I

a high standard of planning control. To reach such a stage It is the understanding of the Council that such an authority would of planning sophistication is a time-consuming and expensive have planning responsibilities over activities, areas and communica­ I process. Sale Council is ready and able to use its acquired tio1s of a regional or state interest (where there is no integrated skills and concern for the mai ntenance of planning standards state planning control) and for th e co-ordination of planning around over its immediate surrounding area and this would be the the·r borders for mutual benefit. most effective and acceptable means of securing adequate I control of future development surrounding Sale and its ap­ It would enable each municipalit-y with a direct or indirect interest proaches. in a certain land use (e.g. airport or game refuge) to be repre­ sented and invo 'ved in planning for the longer term interests of I the region as a whole. I

4. REGIONAL PLANNING AUTHORITY FOR SALE REGION I I I I

Council in addition to its own limited regional studies, has realised the need for some overall planning in the region surrou nding Sale I and the timing and conditiom would seem ripe for its introduction. Preliminary studies have shown that a region including the C ity of Sale and the Shires of Maffra, Avo n, Rosedale and Alberton woul d be a workable unit and embrace an area naturally inter­ I related on various physical and functional levels and focussed on one centre of reg ion a I service status. I On this basis G ippsland falls fairly readily into three regions Ea st (based on Bairnsdale), Ce ntral (based on Sale) and West (based on the Latrobe Valley). The latter when numerically com bined as an urban area ranks much higher than Sale in the hier­ I archy of tow ns, ha s an equal -a nking as a regional centre. Its func­ tion is specialised around industrial employment and its regional service operations are no broader than those of Sale. Justification I could be found eventually for a super-regional authority for the whole of Gippsland but any other sub-combination would not re­ present a workable balance of interest but rather be trammelled with the conflicts and jealousies of two or more ma in towns both I with their ow n roles as a regional focus.

It wo uld not be the intention of Sale to subjugate the interests of the surrounding shires. While it has the weight of the people, it I does not have power in land area and natural resources. It does have a vital interest in the planning integrity of various activities and areas physically removed from its borders and united planning I control of these features would be to the benefit of all concerned. I 76 ., cu cu>< c c <(

• cu • .a ,..0 c cu <(..

...0 Cit .,u ·-Cit I I CHARACTERISTICS OF AREA TO BE ANNEXED I I I I

I The area has been divided into four areas on the basis of its existing nature and its future relationship with Sale.

Area I North-west of the Princes Highway is at present I mainly under dry farming. It is flat, slightly undulat­ ing and elevated and is suitable for extended resi­ dential development. In the short term it is required to buffer existing uses (racecourse area) and control I pressures for development along the Highway.

Area 2 North-east of the Princes Highway and east of I Somerton Park Road is mostly under irrigation farm­ ing. The area presents various development pro_b­ lems - the channel system, drainage and aircraft noise. It is proposd for acquisition to protect it I from unsuitable development, to buffer existing de­ velopment and control uses on the Princes Highway and on the road to the R.A.A.F. Base.

I Area 3 Wurruk, is already a complete functional entity within Sale, dependent on the City for all facilities (except local school and shops) including water. All other municipal services able to be provided from I Rosedale can be more adequately provided from Sale.

I Area 4 South and west of Wurruk is mainly under dry farm­ ing at present. It contains the most varied topo­ graphy of any area. It is the most suitable land for extensive urban expansion near Sale being no I · further from the Central Business District at its most distant point than the present extremities of the City. Development of this area will balance the present internal structure within Sale particularly in I regard to the centrality of the Central Business Dis­ trict. I The following is a summary of the areas affected by this request. The number of each area corresponds to the number of Plan 16. I 77 I CHARACTERISTICS OF AREAS TO BE ANNEXED I No. Occupied Existing Relationship Physical Planning Development Prospective Other Houses Acres Use to Sale Features Reasons Difficulties Future Use Comments Area I Farming Highway Flat to gently (I) Future Residential 5 367.2 development I N-W apreroach to undulating, growth Princes Sa e from little vege- (2) Control of Highway Stratford and tation pressures Maffra for external develop- I ment along Highway (3) Protection of environs I of race- course, cemetery I Area 2 Irrigation (I) Highway Flat to gently (I) Control of Some wafer Long term N-E 33 1265.75 Farming approach undulating highway de- table, irrigati::>n residential ·channel and short term Princes (2) Boundary little vegeta- velopment industrial Highway abuts exist- tion . most urgent noise problem I ing City de- (2) Future velopment growth (3) Links exist- (3) Buffer to ing develop- eastern de- I ment with velopment RAAF Base Area 3 Urban Direct depen- Narrow, ele- (I) Close rela- ~~arrow ridge Future resi- (I) Under I Wurruk 40 273.6 Motel accom- dence on Sale vated ridge tionship with confines de- dential local Rosedale modation at for all facilities (Pliocene Sale func- velopment pros- service centre Planning / entrance to Sale except school sand clab and tionally and peds laterally Infilling inter- Scheme and local gravel) a ove physically nally possible (2) Exis~ing I sho~s more recent (2) Possible Doubling of services - Uti ity services alluvial and future population I general supplied from marine deposits growth store, I ser- Sale comprising vice station, I I remainder I state of Sale school, I hotel/ I motel I Water supplied from Sale No garbage I or other maintenance (3) Very slow growth .I to date i Area 4 Fcrming Surrounds More elevated (I) Expansion Excellent Future residen- Future align- tial and high- men+ of Sth. South of 6 1929.75 Some gravel Wurruk- and undulating of develop- environment, I ment around little flood land way uses. Wurruk pits extension than rest of Giph,sland south and Sale Wurruk Hig way west along Harder soil (2) Control highway Large trough of highway I intrusion in development one part (3) Long term development requirements I of City I I I 78. I I PARISH OF SALE NORTH I Scale ' 50 Chains to I loch 119 OF1 I ·:·::

131 OF I I I I I I I I I

I PARISH OF WURRUK WURRUK I' I

I CITY OF SALE I ANNEXATION AREAS 18 I 79 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 10. Summary and Conclusions I I I SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I I I

Sale has demonstrated remarkable growth in all functional sec­ I tions of its economy and appears capable of maintaining a con­ tinued growth.

The City is the fastest growing country municipality. Population I projections at present growth rates, would require a duplication of land area to cater for the land uses required to support the I potential population envisaged. Physical and economic analyses of the available land combined with the analysis of specialised land use needs, have enabled 0 fairly accurate assessment of the real requirements, the land I capacity and the directions and patterns of future growth. While this may appear excessive at the outset, it is justifiable on the basis of a 20-year projection of needs, to provide land in reserve I as well as a choice of land and location to suit the wide variety of land uses in a city. There is also need to buffer land uses on the fringes of the City.

I The City has demonstrated its capacity to provide a high level of service of all community facilities, and a responsibility for the protection and creation of the environment. These attributes will also be enjoyed in the area proposed to be annexed to a greater I extent than it already benefits from proximity to Sale.

The City is rapidly building up its status as the main regional I centre of East Gippsland. This trend has a snowballing effect in . its attraction of other regional activities which permeates expan­ sion elements throughout all sectors of the urban structure and has immediate implications for additional land area requirements. I The most urgent issue stimulating the request for annexation is the need for co-ordinated town planning control over immediately adjacent areas. These are most vulnerable to development and I control must be exercised in the interests of a larger and develop­ ing City.

The City of Sale maintains close functional links with various 'com-. I munities and activities external to its boundaries. In some cases their incorporation in the City is feasible·, in other cases, they should become the concern of a regional planning authority which I would more effectively harmonise these links between areas in two or more municipalities. I I

The area of land proposed to be annexed is approximately 3,890 8. Various physical and economic factors will limit and control acres mainly to the north-east and south-west of the existing City. urban development within confined areas in and beyond the present municipal boundaries. The natural growth trends to I The following is a summary of the points made in the report. the north-east and east will be inhibited by aircraft noise, flood and drainage problems, and irrigation land and channel Several conclusions arising from the foregoing analysis point to requirements. Future urban growth can occur in only two the validity of Sale's territorial claims. These are enumerated directions - north-west along the Maffra Road and south­ I under the major areas of inquiry laid down in the Introduction. west across the Thomson River at Wurruk. (See Plan 17). I I 1. POPULATION GROWTH REQUIREMENTS 2. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND GROWTH REQUIREMENTS I I I

I. According to the last available statistics Sale recorded the fastest rate of growth for 1969-70 for any municipality in I the State outside the metropolitan area (5.3% per annum). I. Since the boom effects created by the arrival of the oil and 2. It is experiencing boom building and subdivisional develop­ gas industries Sale has established a solid diversified and ments in its urban fringe areas. Over the last 5-6 years sub­ self-generating industrial base. This has attracted new indus­ II divisional lot developments in these areas has progressed at tries to the town independent of oil and gas. more than twice the rate of housing built in each year. Recent development indicates a maintenance of oil and gas 3. The Housing Commission contributed a large proportion of exploration activity and promise of continued employment I this fringe development particularly to the north of the City. in this field.

4. Private developers now have a wide choice of building allot­ 2. The employment levels in Sale are high and growth rates are ments in terms of location, size and price and this is sup­ ·faster than adjoining shires. The new factories and expansion I ported bv the ready availability of finance from Co-operative plans of existing· factories will almost fully utilise the existing Housing and Permanent Building Societies. workforce - a remarkable achievement for a country town. 5. Densities and house occ'Jpancy rates are decreasing. This I will be accentuated in the future with the introduction of 3. Planning policy and enlargement of individual industrial land Column 4 building regulations. ·requirenents combine to suggest a large-SC?Ie encroachment 'upon land near or beyon::l the existing city boundaries. 6. Population projections estimate a population of 19,000 or I 25,000 by 1991 depen&ng on the rate of growth which 4. Co:nmercial development has increased remarkably over the occurs. ilast few years. Values of approvals for commercial buildings indicate the ability of Sale to attract new growth. These 7. The existing township area has an absolute capacity of 21 ,000 .additions to services off·ered by the City have attracted a persons. However capacity development is an unrealistic I 'large regional population and Sale has now developed as expectation of fringe areas and there will be pressures for subdivision beyond the boundaries long before this popula­ the undisputed senior regional service centre for East Gipps­ tion is reached. Even at only 50% development, in the fringe ~and, a role previously shared with Bairnsdale. areas, there will be an overspill into the adjoining areas. I 5. This is manifested in the fact that a 25% of the Sale C.B.D. Differential quality as well as quantity of land is also essen­ total retail floor space has been added since the beginning tial as a development incentive and sufficient land must be of 1968, most of this in "comparison" type shopping, which available in different environment locations and this is part us essentially a regional service. Office space has increased I of. Council's policy in the development of the City. over 15% in the past three years. I 82 I I PARISH OF SALE

NORTH. I Scale : 50 Chains to 1 Inch I I I I I I I I I I PARISH OF WURRUK WURRUK I I - STAGEONE I :rtttt STAGE THREE CITY OF SALE FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT STAGES I ANNEXATION AREA 17 I I

6. Sale is capitalising on its increased regional service function 7. Sale is a major educational centre in Gippsland providing by planning its central area to improve the level of service, secondary tertia ·y educc:tion for students resident up to 25 I access and the shopping environment. miles away. Its four denominational schools take boarders from throughout Gippsland and in some cases from interstate. The High School has moved to a new site ISO% larger than pre­ viously occupied. The Technical School could well do with a I site five times its size. There is a possibility of a tertiary col­ lege (agriculture) locating in Sale. Thus educational land requirements car be expected to increase exponentially with population growth. I 3. PROVISION OF FACILITIES AND SERVICES 8. A traffic movement and parking plan has been designed for the City Centre to cater for projected needs to 1991 and on the basis of the expected population growth in the City and I the region. It is planned that the Central Business District will remain the primary focus of commercial investment.

9. A residential street plan has been adopted which will improve I the safety, convenience, capacity and street environment by a rationalisation of the old grid system and work has begun on a first stage of construction of these streets and Council is now undertaking the preplanning of the street and open I space systems in the outer areas of the City and this would also be carried out in the annexed areas. I. Sale City Council is renowned for the level of municipal ser­ I 0. Recommendatiom for the main road entrances have been I vices it supplies to its own ratepayers and in some spheres to made with respect to street realignment and treatment and those beyond its borders - notably health, infant welfare, control of adjacent land uses. These recommendations are kindergarten and library services. Other services supplied by based on 1991 projections. Sale are requested but not yet available to people outside I as Meals on Wheels, and Home Help. Naturally such activities as the Art Centre, the Swimming Pool and the Stock Market are used by people resident in the wider region. ·I 2. The Sewerage and Water Supply schemes are capable of serving the area envisaged for annexation and the City pre­ sently provides water to a number of places outside Sale. Recent investigations carried out by the Mines Department 4. COMPARATIVE MUNICIPAL STATUS ·I have revealed a reservoir of groundwater in the Sale region of the size of the Hume Reservoir.

3. The Sale City Council has undertaken substantial public works in recent years including replacement. of old facilities I such as the saleyards and swimming pool. In this respect it has achieved a dramatic improvement in public facilities for the City. I 4. Certain open space deficiences have been remedied since the initial town planning report. Plans for the improvement and beautification of the canal and riverside areas and Lake I Guthridge for public use are under way. I. Sale achieved City status in 1950. Since then the Statutory requirements of population density and rate revenue have 5. .Sale has a responsibility for +he use and protection of the been raised. Sale qualifies with respect to those new require­ riverine and morass country within its City. This depends on ments. an equal si"andard of prote::tion of the continuum of the sys­ I tem below Sale Common (outside its boundaries). This is vital for the effective preservation . for the nature conserva­ 2. 3ale had the fastest rate of growth of any country municipality tion, recreational and tourist assets of such areas and should during the last Census estimate period 1969-70. become the responsibility of one planning authority whether I the City or a regional authority. 3. n terms of densit~:. Sale ranks 13th among the country urban -nunicipalities with a density of I .53 p.p.ac. 6. Sale's role as a tourist and accommodation centre is demon­ strated by the enlarged accommodation capacity of its hotels 4. :Jn all financial counts Sa:e maintains a viability well above I and motels well above that of other towns of the same size. ··hat of the surrounding Shires of Avon, Maffra and Rosedale. I •J 'l.= 83 I

It is in the most favourable financial position to administer boundaries of the City. At present Avon exerts no town I the land requested for annexation and render the necessary planning control and that in Rosedale lacks co-ordination with immediate improvements and carry out the required planning that of Sale and is not related to any quantitative appreci­ before additional growth takes place. at.ion of the functional pressures generated by Sale. I 2. Development of Sale has progressed to a point where land over the border is becoming attractive for development as a functional part of Sale. The main road entrances have al­ I ready attracted a number of uses beyond the border. 3. Sale has close functional links with various established com­ 5. REGIONAL ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES munities and activities outside its· border, notably Wurruk, I the R.A.A.F. Base and the West Sale Civil Airfield. 4. Sale is c~ncerned for the proper use of land beyond its bor­ ders which is vulnerable to development. In particular the I more sensitive areas - the land to the north and east affec­ ted by irrigation channels, drainage problem and aircraft noise, or areas susceptible to despoliation such as the Morass I continuum, need some form of protective planning policy. 5. Long term planning programmes require Council to look well beyond its existing boundaries, and the proposed new boundaries of the City have been drawn to not only provide I for the projected population but also to allow for a buffer to protect the planned growth from undesirable uses which Role as a Regional Centre I may establish just beyond the City boundaries. I. Sale IS the pre-eminent administrative centre for east and 6. The creation of a regional planning authority embracing Sale, central Gippsland and in several cases for the whole of the surrounding shires and the would be the Gippsland. Recent trends indicate a further centralisation of most effective planning tool capable of administering matters I certain activities in Sale. and areas of regional concern.

2. Sale is the foremost educational centre 1n Gippsland, parti­ I cularly for secondary public schools. 3. The Gippsland Base Hospital looks after patients from Sale and an extensive area of Gippsland. The Council provides I Health Services mainly to people up to six miles away. 6. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA TO BE ANNEXED 4. Response to a questionnaire on the use of community facili­ ties (library, infant welfare, etc.) revealed that over 30% of I the users live outside Sale and up to 25 miles away.

5. Sale has an almost exclusive monopoly of shopping custom I within its region. As a shopping centre the Sale Business Dis­ tr.ict commands a dominating patronage of all types of goods for an area up to I 0 miles away and beyond this it draws I more than half the residents within an area of 25 miles radius of all goods apart from daily needs. I Most of the area proposed for annexation is planned +o be used Responsibilities for External Area for urban development needs. The land to the north, west of the Highway and south of Wurruk is mainly under dry farming at pre­ I I. There is a real and urgent need for co-ordinated town plan­ sent, much of it more elevated and undulating than most of the ning control of the area immediately beyond the existing existing town area. I I

The annexation area embraces existing developments just over the border which are physically and functionally closely linked with Sale - e.g. township of Wurruk. I

Part of the annexation area is proposed for buffer purposes only - for its own protection and that of the existing development on I the boundaries. It is under irrigation or affected by various con­ straints on development. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 85 I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I I Appendices I I APPENDICES I I I I I

APPENDIX I I POPULATION ALLOCATION PROJECTIONS - SALE CITY I Zone* 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 674 636 594 570 550 I 2 620 620 620 620 620 3 597 597 597 597 597 4 203 176 126 101 80 I 5 773 773 773 773 773 6 52 44 44 322 2046 7 2725 3707 4702 5044 5044 I 9 1340 1799 2106 2802 2802 10 439 1219 2245 3020 3496 II 1010 992 970 955 940 I 12 2042 2054 2072 2026 2102 14 157 134 102 80 15 15 48 44 37 30 25 I Total 10730 12820 14910 17000 19090 I

The above projections and allocations were calculated on the ·basis of a 4.3% growth rate "straight line" projection which is derived I from growth over the last 5-6 years. The introduction of an accele­ ration factor by the adoption of a 4.3% growth rate compounded would result in the following predictions. I 10730 13190 16300 20170 24890 I *See Plan I ---- ~ SALE RACECOU RSE i I 0 NORTH I Scale" 40 chains to 1 inch

~Il l ~~~ COBAINS R OA ~O ir=l= =~IL_TO COBAINS

7

S TREET

I I -TO THE HEART I I I I I I I POPULATION STUDY ZONES I I APPENDIX 2 I SUBDIVISION - DEVELOPMENT RATIO - FRINGE AREAS ONLY

Area Existed Added in year Added in year Added in year Added in year Added in year Total Total Total Total I No. Prior 1966 End September, 1967 End September, 1968 End September, 1969 End September, 1970 End September, 1971 Since Since See Houses Lots Houses Lots Ratio Houses Lots Ratio Houses Lots Ratio Ho'Jses Lots Ratio Houses Lots Ratio 1966 1966 Plan 3 Houses Lots

I I I 0:1 0:1 0:1 0:1 I I :I I I 0 I I 2 4 4 I :I I :I I :I I :I I :I 0 4 0 4 3 3 7 I :2.5 I :2.5 I :2.5 I :2.5 I :2.5 0 3 0 7 I 4 I 6 I :6 I I :3 I :3 I :3 I :3 I 2 0 6 5 I 3 I :3 I :3 I :3 I :3 I :3 0 I 0 3 6 5 II I :2.2 I :2.2 I :2.2 I :2.2 I :2.2 0 5 0 II I 7 I I :7 I :7 I :7 I :7 I :7 0 I 0 I (237)* (237) (237) I 8 (34) (53) (I :1.6) il'9) (I :I) (I :I) (53) (53) (53) (53) 9 6 6 I :I I :I I :I I :I I :I 0 6 9 6 10 (211) (0:211) Ill) (I: 18.5) (38) (I :4.4) (49) (49) (211) (211) I II 23 70 I :3 2 I :2.8 12 I :1.9 5 I :1.6 2 I: 1.5 21 44 0 70 .., 12 47 I I :4.7 I I :2.3 3 I :9 L II I :8 6 I :5.5 13 60 II 58 I (60) (68) (I :I) (16) (I :0.89) (7) (I :0.82) ~-) (I :0.8) (I :0.8) (85) (85) (68) (68) 13 32 I I :32 I :32 2 I :16 I :16 I :16 3 3 0 32 (61) (61) (I :I) (I :I) (I :I) (I :I) (I :I) (61) 0 (61) I 14 4 52 4 I :6.5 16 I :2.6 I I :2.65 I :2.65 2 I :2.45 22 26 I 53 15 14 25 I: 1.8 I I: 1.7 3 I: 1.4 4 I: 1.2 2 I :1.1 10 24 0 25 I 16 12 16 I: 1.3 3 I :1.1 I I :I 5 72 I :4 7 I :J 16 28 72 88 17 8 29 3 I :2.6 8 I: 1.5 I :1.5 I: 1.5 2 I :I .3 13 21 0 29 18 5 13 I :2.7 6 I :1.8 2 20 I :2.5 7 I: 1.7 9 I: 1.2 24 29 20 33 I 19 3 46 I :15.3 I I: 11.5 I :11.5 I: 11.5 I: 11.5 I 4 0 46 20 . I I I :I I :I I :I I :I I :I 0 I 0 I I 21 I 0:1 0:1 0:1 0:1 0:1 0 0 0 I 22 3 3 I :I I :I I :I I :I I :I 0 3 0 3 23 2 4 I :2 2 I :I I :I I :I I :I 2 4 0 4 I 24 0:0 0:0 5 49 I :9.8 14 34 I :4.3 18 I :2.2 37 37 83 83 25 0.12 0:12 0:12 0:12 0:12 0 0 0 12 I 26 I I I :I I :I I :I I :I I :I 0 I 0 I 27 16 0:16 0:16 0:16 ·I I :16 I :16 I I 0 16

Median I :2.2 I :2.3 I :2.5 I :2.5 I :2.5 I Ratios are cumulative I * Brackets indicate Housing Commission I 87. r I

APPENDIX 3 I Sale Bairnsdale Traralgon ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS OF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS Country Fire Authority § § Local (5-6 m.) * I Fisheries and Wildlife § District (surr. shires) t Division (All Gipps.) § Department Crown Lands & Survey t §

I Forest Commission § Sale Bairnsdale Traralgon Australian Broadcasting Commission § I Government

Supreme Court § Non-Government I County Court t 3TR t I Magistrates Court * * * Roman Catholic Diocese § t t *P.M.G. § t Anglican Dioc;ese § t t Postal Inspector § I Schools Social Services (Commonwealth) § State Primary 3 3 5 I Social Welfare (State) § + Wurruk Labour and National Service § * Private Primary 3 I Labour and Industry (State) t § State High Department of Works § State Technical

I R.A.A.F. § Tertiary Technical 4 2 I Electoral Offic~ § Secondary Private Radio Inspector §

State Rivers & Water Supply Co. I (Maffra) Agriculture §

I C.R.B. § § *The P.M.G. is at present making arrangements to decentralise some of its authorities in regional centres. At present Sale handles T.R.B. § t the District Telegraphic Office for its local area and the Engineer­ ing and Telecommunications Division for an area from Western I Inspector of Schools § Port to the border (having recently taken over the adm-inistration S.E.C. t t § of the Warragul District). Up to the present, the Manager of the I Country Region for Gippsland has been located in Melbourne with Soil Conservation Authority § a small staff. This will be disbanded and the Area Management Headquarters will be located in Sale. The implications for addi­ Police Department § tional office space and staff are not known as yet, but it is surmised I that another floor will be added to the Commonwealth Offices for Public Works § possibly an extra 40 staff. I 88 I APPENDIX 4 I COMPARATIVE .FINANCIAL STATEMENT I SALE MAFFRA ROSEDALE AVON 1968 1969 1970 1970 1970 1970 $ $ $ $ $' $ I Expenditure 336,337.55 388,802.13 579.008.77 430,333.00 423,587.36 181,942.47 Income 351 ,988.04 447,374.17 585.459.81 433,849.00 388,358.57 173,629.78 I Balance (Year) 15,660.49 53,572.04 6,451.04 3,516.00 -35,228.79 -8,312.69 I Accumulated Balance -I ,624.38 +56,947.66 +63,398.70 -36,411.00 -47,067.39 + 17,038.06

C.R.B. Account, Receipts 39,872.02 205,331.00 142,810.21 223,290.85 I I Long Term Loan Indebtedness ... 302,545.17 309,779.57 537,907.05 334,569.0 I 422, 132.69 64,090.00 Fixed Assets ... 593,812.27 646,891.45 942,448.78 596,252.99 481 ,536.80 192,916.00 I Capital Account Surplus ... 291,267.10 337,111.88 404,541.73 261 ,683.98 59,404.11 128,826.00 I

Rates N.A.V .... 16.37c 16.51 c 16.51 c 8.7c/8.1 c/6.8c/$ I General Rates Urban (4.3c) (4.3c) (4.3c) 4c/$ .93/.9/1.1/$ .9c Rural (2.5c) (2.5c) (2.5c) I

Total Collected 193,446.22 207,653.51 218,527,04 229,346.16 265,849.36 I07,563.54 I

Special and Reserve Funds 34,332.56 20,023.78 28,903.80 19,948.02 8,862.00 I (excludes Sinking Funds and + 17,962.00 +30,281.95 Long Service Leave) I

Only Sale has a favourable revenue balance having recovered weli since 1968. This is accentuated when compared with the disproportionate I C.R.B. revenue input into the four municipalities. Sale has a Capital Account surplu; well in excess of the other shires and thus more borrowing power. It can also afford to expend more on Special and Reserve funds apart irom those considered compulsory. In December 1971, the Council of the City of Sale fixed a new rate based on a revaluation of all prope·ties in Sale. This will be 2.3c in $ (Urban) and 2.5c in $ I (Rural) U.c:v. or 15.48c in $ N.A.V. I 89 I I INCOME DISTRIBUTION {Percentage) SALE MAFFRA ROSEDALE AVON 1968 1969 1970 1970 1970 1970 I % % % % % % Rates 55.4 45.7 37.0 53.6 67.6 62.2 Licences and Registrations 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 I Public Works (Streets and Bridges) 9.9 16.0 5.7 2.9 Health and Welfare 3.7 4.9 4.8 5.8 1.8 0.5 Council Props. Sundry 15.9 13.0 15.3 12.1 17.7 13.3 I Capital 6.3 Other Works .. . 1.8 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.1 Miscellaneous .. . 2.9 11.7 25.8 2.7 2.6 5.4 I Government Grants I 1.7 6.6 9.3 7.3 5.7 7.0 Transfers from other Funds 0.4 14.9 2.2 3.4 I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 It is apparent that Sale relies much less on its rates for revem.e than the other shires. The major difference· occurs in the ca.tgory "Miscellaneous" (particularly "Subdivisions" where Council hires out plant, machinery and labour for subdivis:onal works). In most areas the percentages are I· comparable although Rosedale and Avon make little income from Health and Welfare. I I EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION (Percentage) SALE MAFFRA ROSEDALE AVON 1968 1969 1970 1970 1970 1970 I % % % % % % Roads, Streets and Bridges 34.5 30.7 23.5 28.2 31.2 28.5 Health and Welfare 7.8 8.3 5.6 12.1 3.6 1.7 I Council Properties Maintenance 33.7 20.8 18.8 15.2 9.7 3.9 Council Properties Capital Expenditure 2.1 9.2 9.0 2.5 20.1 I Other Works 1.2 1.5 2.1 4.3 0.3 Debt Services . 5.2 8.3 6.5 14.1 14.9 4.7 Grants and Contributions 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.06 0.2 I Miscellaneous 2.9 9.5 12.2 1.3 0.05 1.3 Administration 10.3 15.2 21.7 18.4 21.8 20.0 Transfer to other Funds ... 3.6 3.2 0.5 1.0 3.8 14.8 I Government Grants and Subsidies 7.3 4.4 River and Drainage Works 0.9 I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sale spends relatively more on maintaining its Council properties and Miscellaneous (subdivisions) than the other shires and more on health and welfare except for Maffra. Avon's approportions have been considerably reduced by a heavy capital expenditure on Council properties and I in transfers to other funds (neither typical of an average years). Sale's lesser proportionate expenditure on public works would seem to indicate an income adequate to spread among less essential requirement. Maffra and Rosedale are high on debt services. I I I I I I I Thi s report was prepared by sub-com mittee of the Cou nci l of the City ·:)f Sale. I Cr. P. J. Clancy, Chairman. J. L. Low, Town Clerk. I A. J. Lewis, City Engineer. in conjun ctio n with I Keith Lange & Partners. I I I I I I ENTERPRISE PRESS PRINT, SALE I infrastructure Library I I